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Chapter 4 - Verses 11-20: In the eastern direction, there are celestial beings resembling lions; in the southern direction, those resembling elephants; in the western direction, beings taking the form of bullocks; and in the northern direction, those taking the form of horses, all engaged in circumambulation beneath the celestial chariots. [14]
In the human realm, time is measured in moments, day and night, fortnights, months, etc.; aspects such as past and present are categorized in various ways numerically and uncountably; outside of these categorizations, there is no other measurement of time. Anything considered as a measure of time outside the human realm is also governed by the commonly recognized measures within human beings; because the primary basis of practical divisions of time is only determined action. Such actions are determined by the movements of celestial bodies like the sun and moon; however, these movements do not occur uniformly everywhere but only within the realm of human experience. Therefore, it is believed that time divisions depend specifically on the distinct movements of celestial bodies. Day, night, and fortnights, which are coarse divisions of time, depend on the fixed movements of celestial bodies like the sun; therefore, they can be recognized; whereas finer divisions of time such as moments and durations cannot be discerned from this. The first sighting of the sun occurs at certain fixed points, and its appearance in some places indicates its rising. The daytime is determined by the movement of the sun between the rising and setting. Similarly, the nighttime is determined by the sun's movements from the setting back to the rising. Day and night are each divided into thirty parts, and fifteen days and nights are also referred to as a fortnight; two fortnights make a month, two months correspond to a season, three seasons make a half-year, and two halves of a year constitute a year, while five years make a great age.| SR No. | 001074 |
| Book Title | Tattvartha sutra |
| Original Sutra Author | Umaswati, Umaswami |
| Author | Sukhlal Sanghavi |
| Publisher | Jain Sahitya Prakashan Mandir |
| Publication Year | 1977 |
| Total Pages | 667 |
| Language | Gujarati, Sanskrit |
| Classification | Book_Gujarati, Tattvartha Sutra, Philosophy, J000, J001, Tattvartha Sutra, & Tattvarth |
| File Size | 23 MB |