Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
Chapter 1 - Sutra 34-35
The soul with false understanding, due to the intensity of attachment and aversion and ignorance regarding the self, uses even the vast knowledge of the enlightened only to support worldly desires; hence, its knowledge is termed ignorance. Conversely, the soul with right understanding, without the intensity of attachment and aversion and possessing self-knowledge, utilizes even a small amount of worldly knowledge for the satisfaction of the self; hence, its knowledge is termed knowledge. This is known as spiritual vision. [32-33] Now, the divisions of the naya (point of view) are stated:
Nayagam, Sangrah, Vyavahar, Rju Sutra, and Shabda are the five nayas.
The first is the naya of Nagama, and there are three distinctions of words.
There is no single tradition regarding the number of distinctions of naya. In one tradition, it is seen as three, while another tradition directly describes seven distinctions from the beginning, such as: 1. Nayagam 2. Sangrah 3. Vyavahar 4. Rju Sutra 5. Shabda 6. Samabhirudha and 7. Evabhuta. This tradition is found in Agama and Digambara texts. The second tradition is that of Siddhasena Divakara, which accepts six distinctions excluding Nayagam. The third tradition is found in the present sutras and their commentary.