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Chapter 1, Verse 15
What occurs is called 'bhāvanikṣepa', as when a person works as a servant, they are called a 'bhāvaservant'.
There are four 'nikṣepas' of right knowledge, liberation path, and living beings' fundamental elements, respectively; however, in this section, they are to be understood in a conceptual manner. [5] Now it speaks of the means to know the truth:
The knowledge arises through proofs and logical reasoning. There is a distinction between reasoning and proof. Only three things exist: reasoning, proof, and knowledge. The distinction is that 'naya' addresses one aspect of a thing, whereas 'pramāṇa' addresses many aspects. That is, there are multiple properties in a thing. When one aspect is determined through some property, it is called 'naya'. For example, through the property of eternity, it is determined that the soul or a lamp and similar entities are eternal. Conversely, when many properties are used to determine the various forms of a thing, it is called 'pramāṇa'. For example, through the properties of eternity, non-eternity, etc., the soul or a lamp is determined to have several forms. In other words, 'naya' considers only one aspect of 'pramāṇa' and is not described based on an etymological basis but rather based on a functional basis.
The compound word (adjective form) has an etymological basis where bhāvanikṣepa is concerned, and when referring to a fixed term (noun), it pertains to a functional basis of bhāvanikṣepa.