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Chapter 1 - Sutra 5
13. The reason for liberation is shown through the principle of Samvara, and the sequence of liberation through the principle of Nirjara. [4]
Now, what does the term 'Nikshepa' refer to?
Nikshepa refers to the naming, establishment, substance, and nature, meaning that right perception and living beings are categorized as Nikshepa or divisions.
Language is the primary means of the exchange of all transactions or knowledge. Language is made up of words. A single word can be used in multiple meanings depending on the context, purpose, or occasion. Each word is considered to have at least four meanings. These four meanings are the four categories of the word's general meaning. These categories are what is referred to as 'Nikshepa' – meaning division. Understanding this helps in comprehending the significance. The present sutra illustrates these four meanings of Nikshepa. This will clarify enough that, in the path of liberation, the meanings of right perception, etc., and the meanings of living beings, etc., should be considered in certain ways, but not in others. The four Nikshepas are as follows:
1. The meaning that is not established by derivation but can only be understood through the indication of parents or other references is called 'Naam Nikshepa.' For example, there is a person who has no qualities of a servant, but someone has named him a servant. This name is the servant.
2. The thing...