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The Tattvarthasutra states that when spiritual evolution occurs, right perception (samyak darshan) becomes apparent. However, in this context, some souls expect an external cause for their manifestation, while others do not. It is well-known that some individuals learn certain skills, such as crafts, with the help of a teacher, while others learn independently without any external assistance. Despite the similarity of internal causes, the sutra presents a distinction between natural right perception (nisarga samyak darshan) and acquired right perception (adhigama samyak darshan) based on the expectation and non-expectation of external causes. External causes can be of many types. Some attain right perception merely by observing religious objects, some by listening to a guru's teachings, some by studying scriptures, and some through spiritual association (satsang).
Regarding the concept of pratyaksha (direct experience), in the eternal flow of worldly existence, as the soul undergoes various sufferings, sometimes it experiences an unexpected purity of result, which is unique for the soul at that moment. This purity of result is termed "apoorvakaran." Through apoorvakaran, the intensity of attachment and aversion (raga-dvesha) that obstructs the intrinsic understanding diminishes. As this intensity reduces, the soul becomes awakened to the truth. This spiritual awakening is what constitutes true realization. [2-3]
1. For clarification on the term "utpatthikarm," see the Hindi "Karm Granth Bije," p. 7, and "Karm Granth," fourth prologue, p. 13.