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________________ ucca zikSaNanI bodhabhASA [31] buddhiprakAza nA jAnyuArI 1949nA aMkamAM "ucca zikSaNanI badhabhAvAne prama' e zIrSake mAre eka lekha pragaTa thayuM hatuM. temAMnA keTalAka muddAo para ANaMdathI pragaTa thatA "vANuM" mAsikanA saM. 2005nA mahA phAgaNa-caitranA saMyukta aMkamAM AcArya DolararAya mAMkaDe pitAne matabheda pragaTa karyo che. traNa muddAo tarapha emaNe mAruM khAsa dhyAna kheMcyuM che, je mATe huM temane AbhArI chuM. emane lekha sAMbhaLyA pachI "buddhiprakAzamAM mAre uparyukta lekha huM pharIthI tapAsI gayA, paNa emAM evuM kazuM na jaNAyuM jemAM vicAraparivartanane avakAza hoya. tema chatAM A mAMkaDe rajU karelA mukSaone eka pachI eka vicAruM. 1. emane pahele muddo ema che ke ApaNe ucca zikSaNanI arthAt snAtaka ane anusnAtaka kakSAnA zikSaNanI vAta karIe tyAre sAmAnya janasamAjanI eTale ke nIcalA thare (masses)nI vAta nahi karavI joIe, kemake e prakAranuM zikSaNa eTaluM vyApaka thavAnuM ja nahi. AthI nIcalA thare samajI zake e bhASA ucca zikSaNamAM mAdhyama tarIke rahevI joIe e dalIla emane ThIka lAgatI nathI. AzcaryanI vAta che ke A. mAMkaDe A praznane kevaLa mahAvidyAlayomAM dAkhala thaIne ucca zikSaNa lenArAone khyAla karIne vicAryo ! evAonI saMkhyA ochI ja heya e hakIkata tarata svIkArI levAya evI che, paNa savAla e nathI. savAla te jJAna zI rIte prajAvyApI thAya tene che, ane zI rIte prajAvyApI thatuM hoya che teno paNa che. prajAmAM kakSAnA bhede te hoya che, paNa pratyeka kakSAne sugama paDe te rIte jJAnanuM vitaraNa karavuM rahe che.. have je ucca zikSaNanI bedhabhASA svabhASA karatAM judI hoya te vidvAne e bhASAmAM ja lakhatA-vicAratA thAya. ene pariNAme sAmAnya janane sugama evI zabdAvalI emane jhaTa sUjhe nahi, jethI pitAnI bhASAmAM lakhe-bole tyAre paNa emanI bhASAmAM svAbhAvika khUbIo UtarI AvI zake nahi. ApaNe tyAM jayAre zikSaNanuM vAhana aMgrejI bhASA hatI tyAre zALAmAM
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________________ 96 ] dRna ane ciMtana jaIne aMgrejI zikSaNa nahi laI zakanArA vizALa Ama varga ane a MgrejI bhaNelA vacce te aMtara paDI jatuM hatuM ja, paNa eka ja kuTuMbamAM aMgrejI bhaNelI ane nahi bhaNelI vyaktie vacce pazu vicAravinimayate avakAza rahetA nahotA. sAmAnya vAtacItathI, saMsargathI, vyavahArathI ke amastA be zabdo kAne paDI javAthI je jJAnalAbha maLe che tenAthI dharanA aMgrejI nahi bhaNelA varga vAcita rahetA. AthI UlaTu, je dezamAM uccatama zikSaNa paNa svabhASAmAM ja apAya che teno dAkhale leA. tyAM kAI paNa vicAra-adharAmAM adharA .vicAra paNa-bhASAne kAraNe adharA rahete nathI. AthI bhinna bhinna samajazakti dharAvanArAone bhinna bhinna rIte samajAvavAnA prayAsa paNa evA dezamAM zakaya banyA che. yunivarsiTInA kAryakSetrane ja A vistAra che, ane IMgleDa, phrAnsa, jarmanI Adi dezanI prajAnuM sAmAnya dhAraNa A rIte ja UMce javA pAmyuM che. ucca zikSaNa je bhASAmAM apAtuM hoya che te ja bhASAmAM zramanI karakasaranA niyamane anusarIne carco, vicAravinimaya Adi thatAM rahe che. eTale jo nIcalA tharAne kAyama nIcalA rAkhavA hAya to ja svAbhAvika medhabhASA balavAnI bhalAmaNa karavI joIe, kema ke sAmAnya jate je sulabha ane sugama hoya te ja grahaNa karI zakatA haiAya che. e hakIkata pramANIne ja temanuM bauddhika dhAraNa UMce laI javAnI keAziza karavI joI e. jo emane mATe ucca koTinuM jJAna bhASAne kAraNe duCma bane, to enuM pariNAma e Ave ke ucca jJAna amuka khAsa varganA ijArA banI rahe. leka lAbha le * na le, paNa jJAnane sarvasulabha banAvavAnI sagavaDa ApaNe karavI ja rahI. gahana viSaye paNa svabhASAmAM ghUMTAtAM ghUMTAtAM sAduM pakSama rUpa pAmatA jAya che ane ema thatAM sAdI bhASA paNa sUkSma arthanA edha karAvavAnI zakti meLavatI jAya che. A hukIkata A. mAMkaDanI najarakhahAr nathI, paNa aneA lAbha te svabhASAne nahi paNa emanA mAnelA mAdhyamane-rASTrabhASA ke sAMskRtika bhASAne--ApavA mAge che. potAnA lekhamAM anyatra emaNe kahyu che ke, " snAtaka ane anusnAtaka vargomAM mAdhyama tarIke je e bhASA vaparAya teA enA ghaDatarane ghaNA ja vega maLe. " paNa enI pAchaLa niyama to upara atAno e ja pravarte che ne ? prajAmAM jJAna asa`khya vATe prasare che jo enA prasaraNanA mukhya mArgomAM aMtarAya mUkavAmAM na Ave to. eka dAkhaleA laI e. prajAnA mANasA khadhA kaI yunivarsiTI sudhInuM zikSaNa pAmI zake nahi, paNa e zikSaNanA paripAka
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________________ ucca zikSarthInI bodhabhASA [ 973 7 rUpa je graMthA racAyA hoya, je vyAkhyAnA thatAM hoya, je vicAracarcA cAlatI hAya tene lAbha laI ne potAnA buddhivikAsa sAdhanArI vyakti ane sarvatra pAkatI rahevAnI. emane zuM karavAthI mAkaLAza maLe? sadAkALa enI sAthe eka mIjo prazna paNa vicAravA jeve che : jo prajAnA thatharamAM jJAna pace e mATe paddhatisaranI prakAziza na thAya te zuM pariNAma Ave tene vicAra karyo ? khuda ucca zikSaNanA vikAsane ja tethI vidna naDe, jyAM aneka jaNa keLavAyelAM hAya che tyAM anekanI bhinna bhinna zaktinuM sahiyAruM samasta vidyApravRttine upakAraka nIvaDe che. eTale A prazna kevaLamahAvidyAlayAmAM jaI ne ucca zikSaNa lenArAone khyAla karIne nahi, paNa AkhI prajAnA lAbhane vicAra karIne ukelavA joIe. gujarAtI bhASAnuM thavAnuM hoya che thAya, evA nirdaya mata A. mAMkaDa dharAvatA nathI. eve mata dharAvanArA paNa hoI zake ane vastusthitine joyAjANyA vinA amuka iSTa paristhiti kalpIne ja vicAranArA A prakAranA lokAne samajAvavuM paNa muzkela, subhAgye A. mAMkaDa e kATinA nathI. emanA lekha parathI huM samajyA chuM ke gujarAtI bhASAnA vikAsa emane khruSTa che. eTale to pachI zuM karavAthI e vikAsa sadhAya ene ja vicAra karavAnuM prApta thAya che. vicitra vAta e che ke peAtAnA lekhamAM emaNe khAdhabhASA thavAne pAtra dezavyApI bhASA, je sAhityabhASA ane saMskArabhASA ane evA emane Agraha che, ene vikasAvavAne ane svabhASAne vikasAvavAne upAya judo judo sUcavyA che. rASTrabhASA paratve te kahe che, " snAtaka ane anusnAtaka vargomAM mAdhyama tarIke jo e bhASA vaparAya to enA ghaDatarane ghaNA ja vega maLe." ane svabhASA paratve teo kahe che, " ApaNe mAdhyama game te rAkhIe, paNa paribhASA te samasta dezavyApI eka ja hAvI joI e...eTale pAribhASika zabdonI samRddhi gujarAtIne, game te mAdhyama haze teApaNu... pUratAM pramANumAM maLI raheze emAM za'kA nathI. Ama binagujarAtI mAdhyama ucca zikSaNa mATe rAkhavAthI, gujarAtI bhASAnA vikAsane kaTa lAgaze ema amane jarAya lAgatuM nathI. " have paribhASA samasta dezavyApI eka hoya evA te amArA puN Agraha che; ane jo ema ja hoya athavA thAya te to pachI upara je carcA karI che te kAraNe A. mAMkaDe sUcavelA vikAsanA e mArgo paikI pahelA mAganA lAbha svabhASAne maLave joIe, arthAt snAtaka ane anusnAtaka
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________________ 74 ] darzana ane ci'tana vargomAM ene mAdhyama tarIke prayojIne enA ghaDatarane vega maLe tema karavuM joI e, jethI ucca zikSaNa sahelAIthI janatAnA thatharamAM pacavA mATe, ane paribhASA eka thavAthI, vaLI zALA-mahAvidyAlayamAM bhaNanAra vidyAthI te pharajiyAta khIjuM bhASA tarIke rASTrabhASAnuM zikSaNa De sudhI maLatuM rahevAnuM tethI sAMskRtika saMparka mAM jarAya vighna nahi Ave ane prAntIya vizeSatA dvArA rASTrabhASAnI samRddhi paNa vadhaze. vidyArthI nA manevikAsane ane prajAnA bhASAvikAsane niSkA raNa hAni pahoMcADayA vinA je praznanA ukela ANuvA hoya to A rIte ja ANI zakAze. 2. meM lakhyuM che ke saMskRta khedhabhASA prAcIna kALamAM nahotI ane atyAre paNa nathI. tenI viruddha A. mAMkaDe mukhyapaNe ema kahyuM che ke praveza patra, praznapatra ane ucca viSayAnA javAkhe| saMskRtamAMja atyAre paNa lakhAya che, te saMskRta AdhabhASA nathI ema kema kahI zakAya ? mArA javAba ema che ke pravezapatra, praznapatra ane uttarA saskRtamAM lakhAya che eTalA ja mAtrathI je saskRtane edhabhASA kAI kahe to tenI sAme mArA leza paNa vAMdho nathI; paNa khAdhalASAnA eTalA ja artha huM nathI letA. ekadhabhASAne eTaleA ja aya karavA te kAi paNa rIte yogya nathI, ema paNa huM mAnuM chuM. meSabhASAnA artha huM e karuM chuM ke nai mA dvArA maLanAra sahejAthI viSana samanI che ane kAcApa sahejAddethI sabanAvI zake te vaiSamA. A arthamAM atyAre paNa saskRta meAdhabhASA nathI ane pahelAM paNa naheAtI, ema mAruM nirIkSaNa ane cintana mane kahe che. A. mAMkaDe jyAre ema kahyuM che ke saMskRta mAdhabhASA na hatI te mAre ja sAbita karavuM, te have A viro kAMika vistArathI lakhu tA asthAne nahi gaNAya. adhyayana ane adhyApananAM bAvIsa varSa lagabhaga meM kAzImAM gALyAM che ane jUnI Dhabe cAlatI tema ja judA judA prAntanA uccatama vidrAnA jemAM zIkhave che evI pAThazALAo ane mahAvidyAlayonA zIkhavA ane zIkhavavAnI dRSTie me paricaya sAdhyA che. te uparAMta mithilA ane baMgALanAM viziSTa saMskRta kendrone paNa adhyayananI dRSTie tema ja avaleAkananI daSTie thoDAka jAtaanubhava mane che. dUra dakSiNamAM nathI gaye, chatAM tyAMnA viziSTatama adhyApakono paNa kAzI, kalakattA ane muMbaI jevAM sthAnAmAM A dRSTie threDeka paricaya sAdhyA che, huM pote je rIte zIkhate, bIjAne zIkhatA jotA ane zIkhavatA te vakhate paNa A dRSTie huM haMmezAM vicAra karanA
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________________ ucca zikSaNanI bedhabhASA [975 ane saheje bhUtakALane paNa vicAra karate. A badhA adhUrA gaNe ke pUrA gaNe, te avakanane AdhAre ja meM mAruM vidhAna karyuM che. meM joyuM che ke jyAM vidyArthI ane adhyApakanI bhASA samAna hoya che tyAM uccatama viSayane zIkhavatI vakhate paNa adhyApaka mAtRbhASA jevI saMskRtabhinna bhASAno ja mukhyapaNe Azraya lete hoya che, kemake zIkhanAra vidyAthI e rIte viSayane bahu ja saraLatAthI grahaNa karI leto hoya che. eTale je adhyApake vidyArthInA hitanI daSTie ja zIkhavatA hoya che te sIdhI rIte vidyArthIne samajAya e ja bhASAne Azraya letA hoya che. evo eka paNa draviDiyana ke baMgALI meTo adhyApaka meM nathI jo ke je pitAnA putra ke svabhASAbhASI vizArthIone zIkhavatI vakhate mAtRbhASA choDI mAtra saMskRtane Azraya lete heya. jyAM vidyAthI adhyApakanI paricita bhASA na jANu hoya, agara vidyArthInI paricita bhASA adhyApaka bilakula na jANutA hoya, tevA dAkhalAomAM adhyApaka na ke saMskRta bhASAne Azraya laI game tevA viSayone paNa zIkhave che enI nA nathI, paNa krame krame sthiti badalAtI Ave che. jo adhyApaka karatAM vidyArthI ja vadhAre garaju ane jijJAsu hoya che te te adhyApakanI paricita bhASA jANuM le che. keTalAka prasaMgomAM vidyAthI karatAM adhyApaka amuka kAraNusara vadhAre garaja hoya che. evI sthitimAM adhyApaka vaheluM ke meDA zIkhanAra vidyAthInI paricita bhASAthI kAma pUrate paricita thaI jAya che. eTale ekaMdare bhaNavA-bhaNAvavAnuM gADuM mukhyapaNe saMskRtabhinna bhASAne mArge cAle che. gIrvANa girAne je mahimA vidyAthI, adhyApaka ke amuka koTinA samAjamAM pratiSThita thayo hoya tenI sAthe upara varNavI te vastusthitine bheLavI devAnI bhUla ApaNe na karavI joIe. e mahimAne lIdhe saMskRtamAM vyAkhyAne apAya ke bIja-trIjI rIte e prajAya ema bane, paNa bhaNavAbhaNAvavAnI svAbhAvika rIta to upara batAvI te ja hatI, che ane hoI zake, ema huM samajuM chuM . te pachI prazna thaze ke saMskRtanA asAdhAraNa vidvAne saMskRta bhASAmAM ja uccatama viSane bahu ja UMDANathI lakhI gayA te kema saMbhavyuM? uttara ahIM vistArathI ApavAnI jarUra nathI, paNa saMkSepamAM eTaluM kahevuM pUratuM thaze ke bIjI bhASAne Azraya levA chatAM mukhyapaNe zIkhavAnA che te saMskRtamAM ja lakhAyelA hoya che-vedanA vArAthI; ane e prathAne bhASA
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________________ 076 ] darzana ane ciMtana tema ja viSayanI dRSTie zIkhavA ne zIkhavavA mATe evuM eka saMskRtamaya. mAnasika ghaDatara UbhuM thAya che ke tene lIdhe evA gadyagraMtho ja nahi, paNa padaracanAo paNa karavI temane saraLa bane che. 3. mArA uparyukta lekhamAM meM gAMdhIjI vagerenA mate chApelA te A.. mAMDakane bhrAmaka lAgyA che. teo kahe che, "e mate jyAre gAMdhIjI vageree uccAryA hatA tyAre A prazna A rUpamAM emanI pAse hate ja nahi; e vakhate te aMgrejInuM ja sArvatrika sAmrAjya hatuM ane ene TALavuM e ja mukhya prazna hatuM. e prazna AjanA rUpamAM gAMdhIjI pAse heta te e che mata Apata tenA vize kazuM ja kahevuM aprastuta che." A saMbaMdhamAM mAre eTaluM ja kahevAnuM che ke gAMdhIjInA avasAnane phakta doDha ja varSa vItyuM che. eTalA TUMkA gALAmAM paristhiti ke praznanuM rUpa ekadama evuM te kevuM badalAyuM che te mArI samajamAM AvatuM nathI. paristhiti badalAyAnI dalIla bhAre mate nakAmI che. UlaTuM, svarAjya maLyAthI te je paristhiti gAMdhIjI vageree kalpelI te upasthita thaI che, kema ke aMgrejonA javAnI sAthe aMgrejInI upAdhi paNa gaI che. A paristhiti ApaNI sAme pratyakSa rUpe AvatAM ApaNane e navI lAge, paNa nityanA parAmarzathI gAMdhIjI vagerene e navI bhAgye ja heya. vaLI, varSo sudhI svAbhAvika krame gAMdhIjIe prajAnI keLavaNImAM prayojavA mATenI bhASAne je vicAra se te ja paM. javAharalAla neharu, rAjendra bAbu, zrI. kizoralAla mazarUvALA, paM. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana vagerenA mastiSkamAMthI vahe che, te paNa Akasmika yoga to na ja hAI zake. paristhitinA samyak darzanane ja e paripAka che. vaLI, paristhiti badalAyA jevo anubhava A. mAMkaDane thayuM che te A vidhAnane thaye hata te emaNe jarUra potAnA vicAra-parivartananI prajAne jANa karI hatI gAMdhIjI sivAyanA vidvAno ApaNe sadbhAgye hajI ApaNI vacce che. temaNe kaMI vicAra badalAyAnI jAherAta karI nathI. ane gAMdhIjIe pitAne vicAra utAvaLamAM ke adhIrAImAM ke aMgrejInA dveSathI prerAIne e che ja ghaDyo hato? gAMdhIjI kevaLa vivaMsane vicAra karatA nahetA, sAthe racanAne paNa vicAra karatA hatA. jema vilAyatI kApaDanI hoLI karavAnuM kahIne prajAne kAMtavAne mArga emaNe batAvyo tema aMgrejI jevI parabhASAnI upAdhine kADhyA pachI enA sthAnamAM kaI bhASA kaI kakSAmAM hoya te saMbadhI emanI pAse spaSTa nizcaya hate. TheTha AphrikAmAM rahetA hatA te kALathI te bharaNapata e nizcaya emaNe TakAvela. emane mate hiMdI rASTrabhASA hatI ane
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________________ ucca zikSaNanI bedhabhASA [977 keLavaNInuM svAbhAvika vAhana prAntabhASA hatI. "hiMda svarAjya" lakhyuM te vakhatathI (zrI. prabhudAsa gAMdhInA jIvananuM pareDha" e pustakane AdhAra laIe te tenI paNa pahelAMthI eTale ke 1908 pahelAMthI) te 1948nA jAnyuArI sudhI AgrahapUrvaka ane vAraMvAra eka ja prakArane mata e pragaTa karatA rahyA hatA. 1927mAM emaNe lakheluM, "meM ghaNuM vAra kahyuM che te pharIne kahuM chuM ke hiMdI vATe prAntabhASAone dabAvavAne mAre IrAde nathI, paraMtu huM temAM hiMdIne umeravA cAhuM chuM ke jethI prati ekamekane jIvaMta saMparka sthApI zake. AnuM pariNAma e paNa AvavuM joIe ke prAMtabhASAo ne hiMdI beu ethI samRddha bane." * jo Ama che te pachI pU. gAMdhIjI nathI eTalI ja hakIkatane lAbha laI A prazna pUratI paristhiti badalAyAnI dalIla karI buddhibheda Ubho karavAnuM prajana rahetuM nathI--joke AgaLa vadhIne huM ema paNa kahyuM ke ApaNane je sAcuM lAgatuM hoya te samarthonA virodhanuM jokhama vahArIne paNa kahevuM ja joIe. gAMdhIjI vagerenA utArA meM mArA lekhamAM ApelA te bIjAone AMjIne temanI vicArazaktine kuMThita karavA mATe nahi ja, paNa paristhitinA ekasarakhA darzanamAMthI je ekasarakhI vicArasaraNuM pragaTI rahelI tene upayoga mArA vaktavyane puSTa karavA mATe meM karyo hato. ATale khulAse pUrato thaze ema mAnuM chuM. -buddhiprakAza, ogasTa 1949,