Swetambar Sampraday ke Gaccho ka Samanya Parichay

Author(s): Shivprasad
Publisher: Z_Shwetambar_Sthanakvasi_Jain_Sabha_Hirak_Jayanti_Granth_012052.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/212080/1

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zvetAmbara sampradAya ke gacchoM kA sAmAnya paricaya vizva ke sabhI dharma evaM sampradAya apane udbhava ke pazcAt kAlAntara meM aneka zAkhAoM-upazAkhAoM Adi meM vibhAjita hote rahe haiN| jainadharma bhI isakA apavAda nahIM hai| yaha vibhAjana aneka kAraNoM se hotA rahA hai aura inameM sabase pradhAna kAraNa rahA hai deza aura kAla kI parivartanazIla paristhitiyA~ evaM pariveza / inhIM ke phalasvarUpa paramparAgata prAcIna vidhi-vidhAnoM ke sthAna para navIna vidhi-vidhAnoM aura mAnyatAoM ko prazraya dene se mUla paramparA meM vibheda utpanna ho jAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI yaha matabheda vaiyaktika ahaM kI puSTi aura netRtva ke prazna ko lekara bhI hotA hai, phalataH eka naI zAkhA astittva meM A jAtI hai| punaH inhIM kAraNoM se usameM bhI bheda hotA hai aura naI-naI upazAkhAoM kA udaya hotA rahatA hai| -- zivaprasAda nirgrantha zramaNa saMgha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM hI gozAlaka 1 evaM jAmAli ne saMghabheda ke prayAsa kiye, parantu gozAlaka AjIvaka saMgha meM sammilita ho gayA aura jAmAli kI ziSya - paramparA Age nahIM cala sakI / - vIranirvANa ke bAda kI zatAbdiyoM meM nirgrantha zramaNa saMgha vibhinna gaNa, zAkhA, kula aura anvayoM meM vibhakta hotA gayA / kalpasUtra aura nandIsUtra' kI sthavirAvaliyoM meM vIranirvANa samvat 980 arthAt vikrama samvat kI 5vIM - 6ThIM zatAbdI taka uttara bhArata kI jaina paramparA meM kauna-kauna se jaina AcAryoM se kauna-kauna se gaNa, kula aura zAkhAoM kA janma huA, isakA suvistRta vivaraNa saMkalita hai| ye sabhI gaNa kula aura zAkhAyeM guru-paramparA vizeSa se hI sambaddha rahI haiN| inake dhArmika vidhi-vidhAnoM meM kisI prakAra kA matabheda thA yA nahIM, yadi matabheda thA, to kisa prakAra kA thA ? ina bAtoM kI jAnakArI hetu hamAre pAsa koI sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hai| nirgrantha zramaNa saMgha ke jo zramaNa dakSiNa meM cale gaye the, ve bhI kAlAntara meM gaNoM evaM anvayoM meM vibhAjita hue| yaha paramparA digambara sampradAya ke rUpa meM jAnI gayI / uttara bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha meM lagabhaga dUsarI zatI meM vastra ke prazna ko lekara saMgha bheda huA aura eka navIna paramparA kA udbhava huA jo Age calakara boTika yA yApanIya nAma se prasiddha huI / ' pIche se jo saMghabheda hue unake mUla meM saiddhAntika vidhi-vidhAna sambandhI bheda avazya vidyamAna rahe, kintu yahA~ ina saba kI carcA na karate hue mAtra zvetAmbara sampradAya meM samaya-samaya para utpanna evaM vikasita hue vibhinna gacchoM kI carcA prastuta kI gayI hai| uttara aura pazcima bhArata kA zvetAmbara saMgha prArambha meM to vAraNagaNa, mAnavagaNa, uttaravallisahagaNa Adi aneka gaNoM aura unakI kula zAkhAoM meM vibhakta thA, kintu kAlAntara meM koTika gaNa ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI kula aura zAkhAyeM samApta ho gyiiN| Aja ke zvetAmbara munijana svayaM ko isI koTikagaNa se sambaddha mAnate haiN| isa gaNa se bhI aneka zAkhAyeM astitva meM aayiiN| unameM uccanAgarI, vidyAdharI, vajrI, mAdhyamikA, nAgila, padmA, jayaMti Adi zAkhAyeM pramukha rUpa se pracalita rhiiN| inhIM se Age calakara nAgendra, nivRtti, candra aura vidyAdhara ye cAra kula astittva meM Aye / 7 pUrva madhyayugIna zvetAmbara gacchoM kA inhIM se prAdurbhAva huA / IsvI san kI chaThIM -sAtavIM zatAbdI se hI zvetAmbara zramaNa paramparA ko pazcimI bhArata [ gujarAta aura rAjasthAna ] meM rAjAzraya prApta hone se isakA vizeSa pracAra-prasAra huA, phalasvarUpa vahA~ aneka naye-naye jinAlayoM 114

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kA nirmANa hone lagA / jaina muni bhI aba vanoM ko chor3akara jinAlayoM ke sAtha saMlagna bhavanoM [ caityAlayoM] meM nivAsa karane lge| sthiravAsa evaM jinAlayoM ke svAmitva prApta hone ke phalasvarUpa ina zramaNoM meM anya doSoM ke sAtha-sAtha paraspara vidveSa evaM ahaMbhAva kA bhI aMkuraNa huaa| inameM apane-apane anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi karane kI hor3a sI lagI huI thI / inhIM paristhitiyoM meM zvetAmbara zramaNasaMgha vibhinna nagaroM, jAtiyoM, ghaTanAvizeSa tathA AcAryavizeSa ke AdhAra para vibhAjita hone lgaa| vibhAjana kI yaha prakriyA dasavIM - gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM tejI se prArambha huI, jisakA krama Age bhI jArI rahA / zvetAmbara sampradAya ke gacchoM kA sAmAnya paricaya. pt 12mu zvetAmbara zramaNoM kA eka aisA bhI varga thA jo zramaNAvasthA meM suvidhAvAda ke panapane se utpanna zithilAcAra kA kaTTara virodhI thA / AThavIM zatAbdI meM hue AcArya haribhadra ne apane samaya ke caityavAsI zramaNoM ke zithilAcAra kA apane grantha sambodhaprakaraNa meM vistRta varNana kiyA hai aura inake viruddha apanI AvAja uThAyI hai| caityavAsiyoM para isa virodha kA pratikUla asara par3A aura unhoMne suvihitamArgIya zramaNoM kA taraha-taraha se virodha karanA prArambha kiyaa| gurjara pradeza meM to unhoMne cAvar3A vaMzIya zAsaka vanarAja cAvar3A se rAjAjJA jArI karA suvihitamArgIyoM kA praveza hI niSiddha karA diyaa| phira bhI suvihitamArgIya zramaNa zithilAcArI zramaNoM ke Age nahIM jhuke aura unhoMne caityavAsa kA virodha jArI rakhA / antataH caulukya nareza durlabharAja [ vi.saM. 1066-10821 kI rAjasabhA meM candrakulIna varddhamAnasUri ke ziSya jinezvarasUri ne caityavAsiyoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara gurjarabhUmi meM suvihitamArgiyoM ke vihAra aura pravAsa ko niSkaMTaka banA diyaa| kAladoSa se suvihitamArgIya bhramaNa bhI paraspara matabheda ke zikAra hokara samaya-samaya para bikharate rahe, phalasvarUpa naye-naye gaccha ( samudAya) astitva meM Ate rhe| jaise candrakula kI eka zAkhA vaDagaccha se pUrNimAgaccha, sArdhapUrNimAgaccha, satyapurIyazAkhA Adi aneka zAkhAyeM- upazAkhAyeM astitva meM aayiiN| isI prakAra kharataragaccha se bhI kaI upazAkhAoM kA udaya huaa| jaisA ki lekha ke prArambha meM kahA jA cukA hai eka sthAna para sthAyI rUpa se rahane kI pravRtti se muniyoM evaM zrAvakoM ke madhya sthAyI samparka banA, phalasvarUpa unakI preraNA se naye-naye jinAlayoM evaM vasatiyoM kA drutagati se nirmANa hone lgaa| sthAnIyakaraNa kI isI pravRtti ke phalasvarUpa sthAnoM ke nAma para hI kucha gacchoM kA bhI nAmakaraNa hone lagA, yathA koraTA nAmaka sthAna se koraMTagaccha, nANA nAmaka sthAna se nANakIyagaccha, brahmANa ( Adhunika varamANa) nAmaka sthAna se brahmANagaccha, saMDera (vartamAna sAMDerAva) nAmaka sthAna se saMDeragaccha, harasora nAmaka sthAna se harSapurIyagaccha, pallI (vartamAna pAlI) nAmaka sthAna se pallIvAlagaccha Adi astittva meM Aye / yadyapi sthAnavizeSa ke AdhAra para hI ina gacchoM kA nAmakaraNa huA thA, kintu sampUrNa pazcimI bhArata ke pramukha jaina tIrthoM evaM nagaroM meM ina gacchoM ke anuyAyI zramaNa evaM zrAvaka vidyamAna the| yaha bAta sampUrNa pazcimI bhArata ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM inake AcAryoM dvArA pratiSThApita pratimAoM para utkIrNa lekhoM se jJAta hotI hai| kucha gaccha to ghaTanAvizeSa ke kAraNa hI astitva meM aaye| jaise candrakula ke AcArya dhanezvarasUri [vAdamahArNava ke racanAkAra abhayadevasUri ke ziSya ] sAdhujIvana ke pUrva kardama nAmaka rAjA the, isI AdhAra para unake ziSya rAjagacchIya kahalAye / isI prakAra AcArya udyotanasUri ne AbU ke samIpa sthita TelI nAmaka grAma meM vaTavRkSa ke nIce sarvadevasUri Adi 8 muniyoM ko eka sAtha AcAryapada pradAna kiyA / vaTavRkSa ke AdhAra para ina munijanoM kA ziSya parivAra vaTagacchIya kahalAyA / vaTavRkSa ke samAna hI isa gaccha kI aneka zAkhAyeM - upazAkhAyeM astittva meM AyIM, ataH isakA eka nAma bRhadgaccha bhI par3a gyaa| isI prakAra kharataragaccha Agamikagaccha, pUrNimAgaccha, sArdhapUrNimAgaccha, aMcalagaccha, pippalagaccha Adi bhI ghaTanAvizeSa se hI astitva meM Aye / 115

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zivaprasAda cAhamAnanareza arNorAja [I.san 1139-11531 kI rAjasabhA meM digambara AcArya kulacandra ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karane vAle AcArya dharmaghoSasUri rAjagacchIya AcArya zIlabhadrasUri ke ziSya the| cU~ki ye apane jIvanakAla meM yatheSTha prasiddhi prApta kara cuke the, ataH inakI mRtyu ke pazcAt inakI ziSya saMtati dharmaghoSagacchIya khlaayii| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki vibhinna paristhitiyoM meM vibhinna kAraNoM se zvetAmbara zramaNasaMgha kA vibhAjana hotA rahA aura naye-naye gaccha astitva meM Ate rhe| ina gacchoM kA itihAsa jainadharma ke itihAsa kA eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa adhyAya hai, parantu isa ora abhI taka vidvAnoM kA dhyAna bahuta kama hI hai| Aja se lagabhaga 40 varSa pUrva mahAn sAhityasevI sva. zrI agaracanda jI nAhaTA ne yatIndrasUri abhinandanagrantha meM "jaina zramaNoM ke itihAsa para saMkSipta prakAza" nAmaka lekha prakAzita kiyA thA aura lekha ke prArambha meM hI vidvAnoM se yaha apekSA kI thI ki ve isa kArya ke liye Age aayeN| sva. nAhaTA jI ke ukta kathana ko Adeza mAnate hue pro. ema.e. DhAMkI aura pro. sAgaramala jaina kI preraNA aura sahayoga se maiMne zvetAmbara zramaNoM ke gacchoM ke itihAsa lekhana kA kArya prArambha kiyA hai| yadyapi maiMne sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para vibhinna gacchoM kA itihAsa likhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, kintu prastuta lekha meM gacchoM kA mAtra paricayAtmaka vivaraNa Avazyaka hone se nAhaTA jI ke ukta lekha kA anusaraNa karate hue gacchoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| aMcalagaccha aparanAma vidhipakSa vi.saM. 1159 yA 1169 meM upAdhyAya vijayacandra [bAda meM AryarakSitasari barA vidhipakSa kA pAlana karane ke kAraNa unakI ziSya-saMtati vidhipakSIya khlaayii|1 pracalita mAnyatA ke anusAra isa gaccha ke anuyAyI zrAvakoM dvArA muMhapattI ke sthAna para vastra ke kora (aMcala) se vandana karane ke kAraNa aMcalgaccha nAma pracalita huaa| isa gaccha meM aneka vidvAn AcArya aura munijana hue haiM, parantu unameM se kucha AcAryoM kI kRtiyA~ Aja upalabdha hotI haiN| isa gaccha se sambaddha bar3I saMkhyA meM pratimAlekha prApta hote haiN| inameM prAcInatama lekha vi.saM. 1206 kA hai| apane udaya se lekara Aja taka isa gaccha kI avicchinna paramparA vidyamAna hai| ___ Agamikagaccha13 pUrNimApakSIya zIlaguNasUri aura unake ziSya devabhadrasUri dvArA jIvadayANaM taka kA zakrastava, 67 akSaroM kA parameSThImaMtra aura tInastati se devavaMdana Adi bAtoM meM AgamoM kA samarthana karane ke kAraNa vi.saM. 1214 yA vi.saM. 1250 meM Agamikagaccha yA tristutikamata kI utpatti huii| isa gaccha meM yazobhadrasUri, sarvANaMdasUri, vijayasiMhasUri, amarasiMhasUri, hemaratnasUri, amararatnasUri, somaprabhasUri, AnandaprabhasUri Adi kaI prabhAvaka AcArya hue jinhoMne sAhityasevA aura dhArmika kriyAkalApoM se zvetAmbara zramaNasaMgha ko jIvanta banAye rakhane meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhaayii| Agamikagaccha se sambaddha vipula parimANa meM Aja sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSya upalabdha hote haiN| sAhityika sAkSyoM ke antargata isa gaccha ke munijanoM dvArA likhe gaye granthoM kI prazastiyA~ tathA kucha paTTAvaliyA~ Adi haiN| isa gaccha se sambaddha lagabhaga 200 pratimAlekha prApta hote haiM jo vi.saM. 1420 se lekara vi.saM. 1683 taka ke haiN| upalabdha sAkSyoM se isa gaccha kI do zAkhAoM-dhaMdhUkIyA aura vilAbaMDIyA kA patA calatA hai| upakezagaccha14 pUrvamadhyakAlIna aura madhyakAlIna zvetAmbara paramparA meM upakezagaccha kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| jahA~ anya sabhI gaccha bhagavAna mahAvIra se apanI paramparA jor3ate haiM, vahIM upakezagaccha apanA sambandha bhagavAna pArzvanAtha se jor3atA hai| anuzruti ke anusAra isa gaccha kA utpatti sthala upakezapura (vartamAna osiyA-rAjasthAna) mAnA jAtA hai| paramparAnusAra isa gaccha ke Adima AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne vIra samvata 70 meM osavAlagaccha kI sthApanA kI, parantu kisI bhI prAcIna aitihAsika sAkSya se isa bAta kI puSTi nahIM hotii| aitihAsika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para osavAloM kI sthApanA aura isa gaccha kI utpatti kA samaya I. sana kI 116

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zvetAmbara sampradAya ke gacchoM kA sAmAnya paricaya AThavIM zatI ke pUrva nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| upakezagaccha meM kakkasUri, devaguptasUri aura siddhasUri ina tIna paTTadhara AcAryoM ke nAmoM kI prAyaH punarAvRtti hotI rahI hai, jisase pratIta hotA hai ki isa gaccha ke anuyAyI zramaNa caityavAsI rahe hoNge| isa gaccha meM kaI prabhAvaka aura vidvAn AcArya ho cuke haiM jinhoMne sAhityopAsanA ke sAtha-sAtha navIna jinAlayoM ke nirmANa, prAcIna jinAlayoM ke jIrNoddhAra tathA jinapratimAoM kI pratiSThApanA dvarA pazcima bhArata meM zvetAmbara zramaNa paramparA ko jIvanta banAye rakhane meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyaa| anyAnya gacchoM kI bhA~ti upakezagaccha se bhI kaI avAntara zAkhAoM kA janma huaa| jaise vi.saM. 1266/I.san 1210 meM dvivaMdanIka zAkhA, vi.saM. 1308/I. san 1252 meM kharatapAzAkhA tathA vi.saM. 1498/I.san 1442 meM khAdirIzAkhA astittva meM aayii| isake atirikta isa gaccha kI do anya zAkhAoM-kakudAcAryasaMtAnIya aura siddhAcAryasaMtAnIya kA bhI patA calatA hai, kintu inakI utpattikAla ke sambandha meM koI jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotii| upakezagaccha ke itihAsa se sambaddha paryApta saMkhyA meM isa gaccha ke munijanoM ke kRtiyoM kI prazastiyA~, munijanoM ke adhyayanArtha yA unakI preraNA se pratilipi karAyI gayI prAcIna granthoM kI dAtAprazastiyA~ tathA do prabandha [ upakezagacchaprabandha aura nAbhinandanajinoddhAraprabandha- racanAkAla vi.saM. 1393/I.san 13361 aura upakezagaccha kI kucha paTTAvaliyA~ upalabdha hai| isa gaccha ke munijanoM dvArA pratiSThApita bar3I saMkhyA meM jinapratimAyeM prApta hotI haiM jinameM se adhikAMza lekhayukta hai| isake atirikta isa gaccha ke munijanoM kI preraNA se nirmita sarvatobhadrayaMtra, paMcakalyANakapaTTa, tIrthaGkaroM ke gaNadharoM kI caraNapAdukA Adi para bhI lekha utkIrNa haiN| ye saba lekha vi.saM. 1011 se vi.saM. 1918 taka ke haiN| upakezagaccha ke itihAsa ke lekhana meM ukta sAkSyoM kA viziSTa mahattva hai| upakezagacchIya sAkSyoM ke adhyayana se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki vi.saM. kI 10vIM zatAbdI se lekara vi.saM. kI 16vIM zatAbdI taka isa gaccha ke munijanoM kA samAja para vizeSa prabhAva rahA, kintu isake pazcAt isameM nyUnatA Ane lagI, phira bhI 20vIM zatI ke prArambha taka nirvivAdarUpa se isa gaccha kA svatantra astitva banA rhaa|15 kAzahRda-gaccha arbudagirI kI talahaTI meM sthita kAzahada (vartamAna kAsIndrA yA kAyandrA) nAmaka sthAna se isa gaccha kI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai| jAliharagaccha ke devaprabhasUri dvArA racita padamaprabhacaritAracanAkAla vi.saM. 1254/I.san 11981 kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki kAzahada aura jAlihara ye donoM vidyAdharagaccha kI zAkhAyeM haiN| yaha gaccha kaba astitva meM AyA, isa gaccha ke Adima AcArya kauna the, isa bAre meM koI sUcanA prApta nahIM hotii| praznazataka aura jyotiSacaturvizatikA ke racanAkAra naracandra upAdhyAya isI gaccha ke the| praznazataka kA racanAkAla vi.saM. 1324/I.san 1268 mAnA jAtA hai| vikramacarita [racanAkAla vi.saM. 1471/I.san 1415 ke Asa-pAsa ke racanAkAra upAdhyAya devamUrti isI gaccha ke the|17 isa gaccha se sambaddha kucha pratimAlekha bhI prApta hote haiM jo vi.saM. 1222 se vi.saM. 1416 taka ke haiN| upalabdha sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para vikrama samvata kI 13vIM zatI se 15vIM zatI ke anta taka isa gaccha kA astitva siddha hotA hai| isa gaccha se sambaddha sAkSyoM kI viralatA ko dekhate hue yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki anya gacchoM kI apekSA isa gaccha ke anuyAyI zrAvakoM aura zramaNoM kI saMkhyA alpa thii| 16vIM zatI se isa gaccha se sambaddha sAkSyoM ke nitAnta abhAva se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa gaccha ke anuyAyI munijana aura zrAvaka kinhIM anya bar3e gaccha meM sammilita ho gaye hoNge| 117

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zivaprasAda kRSNarSigaccha prAkmadhyayugIna aura madhyayugIna zvetAmbara AmnAya ke gacchoM meM kRSNarSigaccha bhI eka hai| AcArya vaTezvara kSamAzramaNa ke praziSya aura yakSamahattara ke ziSya kRSNamuni kI ziSya saMtati apane guru ke nAma para kRSNarSigacchIya khlaayii| dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa [racanAkAla vi.saM. 915/I.san 859] ke racayitA jayasiMhasUri, prabhAvakaziromaNi prasannacandrasUri, nispRhaziromaNi mahendrasUri, kumArapAlacarita [vi.saM. 14221 I.san 13661 ke racanAkAra jayasiMhasUri, hammIramahAkAvya [ racanAkAla vi.saM. 1444/I.san 1386 ] aura rambhAmaMjarInATikA ke kartA nayacandrasUri isI gaccha ke the| isa gaccha meM jayasiMhasUri, prasannacandrasUri, nayacandrasUri ina tIna paTTadhara AcAryoM ke nAmoM kI punarAvRtti milatI hai, jisase anumAna hotA hai ki yaha caityavAsI gaccha thaa| isa gaccha se sambaddha paryApta saMkhyA meM abhilekhIya sAkSya bhI prApta hue haiM jo vi. saM. 1287 se vi.saM. 1616 taka ke haiN| abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se isa gaccha kI kRSNarSitapAzAkhA kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| isa zAkhA ke vi.saM. 1450 se 1473 taka ke lekhoM meM puNyaprabhasUri, vi.saM. 1483-1487 ke lekhoM meM ziSya jayasiMhasUri tathA vi.saM. 1503-1508 ke lekhoM meM jayasiMhasUri ke prathama paTTadhara jayazekharasUri tathA vi.saM. 1510 ke eka lekha meM unake dvitIya paTTadhara kamalacandrasUri kA pratimApratiSThApaka ke rUpa meM ullekha prApta hotA hai, kintu isa zAkhA ke pravartaka kauna the, yaha zAkhA kaba astitva meM AyI, isa sambandha meM koI sUcanA prApta nahIM hotii| vi.saM. kI 17vIM zatI ke pazcAt kRSNarSigaccha se sambaddha sAkSyoM kA abhAva hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki isa samaya taka isa gaccha kA astitva samApta ho cukA thaa| koraMTagaccha9 AbU ke nikaTa koraTA [prAcIna koraMTa] nAmaka sthAna se isa gaccha kI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai| upakezagaccha kI eka zAkhA ke rUpa meM isa gaccha kI mAnyatA hai| isa gaccha ke paTTadhara AcAryoM ko kakkasUri, sarvadevasUri aura nannasUri ye tIna nAma punaH punaH prApta hote rhe| isa gaccha kA sarvaprathama ullekha vi.saM. 1201 ke eka pratimAlekha meM aura antima ullekha vi.saM. 1619 meM pratilipi kI gayI rAjapraznIyasUtra kI dAtAprazasti meM prApta hotA hai| isa gaccha se sambaddha mAtra kucha dAtAprazastiyA~ tathA bar3I saMkhyA meM pratimAlekha prApta hote haiN| ye lekha vi.saM. 1612 taka ke hai| lagabhaga 400 varSoM ke apane astitvakAla meM isa gaccha ke anuyAyI zramaNa zAstroM ke paThana-pAThana kI apekSA jinapratimA kI pratiSThA meM adhika sakriya rhe| khaMDilagaccha20 isa gaccha ke kaI nAma milate haiM yathA bhAvaDAragaccha, kAlikAcAryasaMtAnIya, bhAvar3agaccha, bhAvadevAcAryagaccha, khaMDillagaccha aadi| prabhAvakacarita meM candrakala kI eka zAkhA ke rUpa meM isa gaccha kA ullekha milatA hai| isa gaccha meM paTTadhara AcAryoM ko bhAvadevasUri, vijayasiMhasUri, vIrasUri aura jinadevasUri ye cAra nAma punaH punaH prApta hote rhe| pArzvanAthacarita [ racanAkAla vi.saM. 1412/I.san 13561 ke racanAkAra bhAvadevasari isI gaccha ke the| isakI prazasti ke anrtagata unhoMne apanI guru-paramparA dI hai, jo isa prakAra hai-- bhAvadevasUri vijayasiMhasUri vIrasUri jinadevasUri 118

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zvetAmbara sampradAya ke gacchoM kA sAmAnya paricaya bhAvadevasUri vijayadevasari vIrasari jinadevasUri yazobhadrasari bhAvadevasUri [vi.saM.1412/I.sana 1356 meM pArzvanAthacarita ke racanAkAra kAlakAcAryakathA, yatidinacaryA, alaMkArasAra, bhaktAmaraTIkA Adi ke kartA bhAvadevasari ko brAuna ne pArzvanAthacarita ke kartA uparokta bhAvadevasari se abhinna mAnA hai| isa gaccha se sambaddha aneka pratimAlekha mile haiM jo vi.saM. 1196 se vi.saM. 1664 taka ke haiN| niSkarSa ke spa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki vi.saM. kI 12vIM zatI meM yaha gaccha astitva meM AyA aura vi.saM. kI 17vIM zatI ke antimacaraNa taka vidyamAna rhaa| isake pazcAta isa gaccha kA koI ullekha na milane se yaha pratIta ho isa gaccha ke anuyAyI anya kinhIM gacchoM meM sammilita ho gaye hoNge| kharataragaccha candrakula ke AcArya vardhamAnasUri ke ziSya jinezvarasUri ne caulukya nareza durlabharAja kI rAjasabhA meM zAstrArtha meM caityavAsiyoM ko parAsta kiyA, jisase prasanna hokara rAjA dvArA unheM 'kharatara kA viruddha prApta huaa| isa ghaTanA se gurjarabhUmi meM suvihitamArgIya zramaNoM kA vihAra prArambha ho gyaa| jinezvarasari kI ziSya-santati kharataragacchIya khlaayii| isa gaccha meM aneka prabhAvazAlI aura prabhAvaka AcArya hue aura Aja bhI haiN| isa gaccha ke AcAryoM ne sAhitya kI pratyeka vidhAoM ko apanI lekhanI dvArA samRddha kiyA, sAtha hI jinAlayoM ke nirmANa, prAcIna jinAlayoM ke punarnirmANa evaM jinapratimAoM kI pratiSThA meM bhI sakriyarUpa se bhAga liyaa|21 yugapradhAnAcAryaguvilI22 meM isa gaccha ke 11vIM zatI se 14vIM zatI ke anta taka ke AcAryoM kA jIvanacaritra diyA gayA hai jo na kevala isa gaccha ke apitu bhAratavarSa ke tatkAlIna rAjanaitika itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| isake atirikta isa gaccha se sambaddha aneka vijJaptipatra, paTTAvaliyA~, gurvAvaliyA~, aitihAsika rAsa, aitihAsika gIta Adi milate haiM jo isake itihAsa ke adhyayana ke liye atyanta upayogI haiN| anyAnya gacchoM kI bhA~ti isa gaccha kI bhI kaI zAkhAyeM astitva meM AyIM. jo isa prakAra haiM -- 1. madhukarA zAkhA -- AcArya jinavallabhasUri ke samaya vi.saM. 1167/I.sana 1111 meM yaha zAkhA astitva meM aayii| 2. rudrapallIyazAkhA -- vi.saM. 1204 meM AcArya jinezvarasUri se yaha zAkhA astittva meM aayii| isa zAkhA meM aneka vidvAna AcArya hue| zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ke anusAra vi.saM. kI 17vIM zatI taka isa zAkhA kA astitva rhaa| 3. laghukharatarazAkhA -- vi.saM. 1331/I.san 1275 meM AcArya jinasiMhasari se isa zAkhA kA udaya 119

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zivaprasAda huaa| anyAnya granthoM ke racanAkAra, sultAna muhammada tugalaka ke pratibodhaka zAsanaprabhAvaka AcArya jinaprabhasUri isI zAkhA ke the| vi.saM. kI 18vIM zatI taka isa zAkhA kA astitva rhaa| 4. begar3a zAkhA -- vi.saM. 1422 meM yaha zAkhA astitva meM aayii| jinezvarasUri isa zAkhA ke prathama AcArya hue| 5. pippalakazAkhA -- vi.saM. 1474 meM jinavardhanasUri barA isa zAkhA kA udaya huaa| zrI nAhaTA ke anusAra pippalaka nAmaka sthAna se sambaddha hone se yaha pippalakazAkhA ke nAma se jAnA gyaa| isI nAma kI eka zAkhA vaDagacchIya zAMtisari ke ziSya mahendrasari, vijayasiMhasari Adi ke dvarA vi.saM. 1181/I.san 1125 meM astitva meM aayii| 6. AdhapakSIyazAkhA -- vi.saM. 1564 meM AcArya jinadevasUri se yaha zAkhA astitva meM aayii| isa zAkhA kI eka gaddI pAlI meM thii| ____7. bhAvaharSIyAzAkhA -- vi.saM. 1621 meM bhAvaharSasUri se isakA udaya huaa| isa zAkhA kI eka gaddI bAlotarA meM hai| ___8. laghuAcAryazAkhA -- AcArya jinasAgarasUri se vi. saM. 1686 meM yaha zAkhA astitva meM aayii| isakI gaddI bIkAnera meM vidyamAna hai| 9. jinaraMgasUrizAkhA -- yaha zAkhA vi.saM. 1700 meM jinaraMgasUri se prArambha huii| isakI gaddI vartamAna meM lakhanaU meM hai| ___10. zrIsArIyazAkhA -- vi.saM. 1700 ke lagabhaga yaha zAkhA astitva meM AyI, parantu zIghra hI nAmazeSa ho gyii| ____11. maMDovarAzAkhA -- jinamahendrasUri barA vi. saM. 1892 meM maMDovarA nAmaka sthAna se isakA udaya huaa| isakI eka gaddI jayapura meM vidyamAna hai| zrIagaracanda nAhaTA aura zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA ne isa gaccha kI sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM kA na kevala saMkalana aura prakAzana kiyA hai, apitu unakA samyak adhyayana bhI samAja ke sammukha rakhA hai| candragaccha candrakula hI Age calakara candragaccha ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| rAjagaccha, vaDagaccha, kharataragaccha, pUrNatallagaccha, bhAvaDAragaccha, pUrNimAgaccha Adi kaI gaccha candrakula se hI astitva meM aaye| isa gaccha se sambaddha kaI pratimAlekha milate hai jo vi.saM. 1072 se vi.saM. 1552 taka ke hai| munipatidharitra [ racanAkAla vi.saM. 1005] evaM jinazatakakAvya [ racanAkAla vi.saM. 10251 ke racayitA jambUkavi aparanAma jambUnAga isI gaccha ke the| sanatkumAracarita ke racanAkAra candrasUri bhI isI gaccha ke the| isI gaccha ke zivaprabhasUri ke ziSya zrItilakasUri ne vi.saM. 1261 meM pratyekabuddhacarita kI racanA kii| vasantavilAsa ke racanAkAra bAlacandrasUri, prasiddha grantha saMzodhaka pradyumnasUri, zIlavatIkathA ke racanAkAra udayaprabhasUri isI gaccha ke the|23 isa gaccha ke sambandha meM vizeSa vivaraNa anveSaNIya hai| caitragaccha madhyayugIna zvetAmbara gacchoM meM caitragaccha bhI eka hai| caitrapura nAmaka sthAna se isa gaccha kI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai| isa gaccha ke kaI nAma milate haiM yathA -- caitravAlagaccha, citravAlagaccha, citrapallIyagaccha, citragaccha aadi| dhanezvarasUri isa gaccha ke Adima AcArya mAne jAte haiN| inake paTTadhara bhuvanacandrasUri hue jinake praziSya 120

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aura devabhadrasUri ke ziSya jagaccandrasUri se vi. saM. 1285 / I. san 1229 meM tapAgaccha kA prAdurbhAva huA / devabhadrasUri ke anya ziSyoM se caitragaccha kI avicchinna paramparA jArI rahI / samyakatvakaumudI [ racanAkAla vi. saM. 1504/I. san 14481 aura bhaktAmarastavaTIkA ke racanAkAra guNAkarasUri isI gaccha ke the| 24 caitragaccha se sambaddha bar3I saMkhyA meM abhilekhIya sAkSya prApta hote haiM, jo vi.saM. 1265 se vi. saM. 1591 taka ke haiN| isa gaccha se kaI avAntara zAkhAoM kA janma huA, jaise bhartRpurIyazAkhA, dhAraNapadrIyazAkhA, caturdazIyazAkhA, cAndrasAmIyazAkhA, salaSaNapurAzAkhA, kamboiyAzAkhA, aSTApadazAkhA, zArdUlazAkhA Adi / jAlyodharagaccha vidyAdharagaccha kI dvitIyazAkhA ke rUpa meM isa gaccha kA udaya huaa| yaha zAkhA kaba aura kisa kAraNa astitva meM AyI, isake purAtana AcArya kauna the, sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM ye prazna anuttarita haiN| isa gaccha se sambaddha mAtra do prazastiyA~ nandipadadurgavRtti kI dAtAprazasti [ pratilekhanakAla vi. saM. 1226 / I. san 11601 aura padmaprabhacarita [ racanAkAla vi.saM. 1254/ I. san 11981 kI prazasti hI milatI hai / padmaprabhacarita kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha gaccha vidyAdharagaccha kI eka zAkhA thI 125 zvetAmbara sampradAya ke gacchoM kA sAmAnya paricaya / hariprabhasUra -- isa gaccha se sambaddha kucha abhilekhIya sAkSya bhI milate haiM jo vi. saM. 1213 se vi. saM. 1423 taka ke haiM | 26 grantha prazastiyoM aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para isa gaccha ke munijanoM ke guru-paramparA kI eka tAlikA banatI hai, jo isa prakAra hai candrasUra 11 1 guNabhadrasUri [ vi.saM. 1226 kI naMdIdurgapadavRtti meM ullikhita ] I sarvANaMdasUra [ pArzvanAthacarita - anupalabdha ke racanAkAra ] I dharmaghoSasUra I devasUri [ vi. saM. 1254/ I. san 1198 meM padmaprabhacarita ke racanAkAra 1 1 haribhadrasUri [vi.saM. 1296 / I. san 1240 pratimAlekha - ghoghA ] 1 candrasUri 1 vibudhaprabhasUri [vi. saM. 1392 pratimAlekha] ? 1 1 lalitaprabhasUri [ vi.saM. 1423 / I. san 1367 pratimAlekha] jIrApallIccha rAjasthAna prAnta ke arbudamaNDala ke antargata jIrAvalA nAmaka prasiddha sthAna hai| yahA~ pArzvanAtha kA eka mahimna jinAlaya vidyamAna hai jo jIrAvalApArzvanAtha ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| bRhadgaccha 121

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zivaprasAda paTTAvalI meM usakI eka zAkhA ke rUpa meM isa gaccha kA ullekha milatA hai| jIrAvalA nAmaka sthAna se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa yaha zAkhA jIrApallIgaccha ke nAma se prasiddha huii| isa gaccha se sambaddha kaI pratimAlekha milate haiM jo vi.saM. 1406 se vi.saM. 1515 taka ke haiN| isake sambandha meM vizeSa adhyayana apekSita hai| tapAgaccha caitragacchIya AcArya bhuvanacandrasari ke praziSya aura devabhadrasari ke ziSya jagaccandrasari ko AghATa meM ugra tapa karane ke kAraNa vi.saM. 1285/I. san 1229 meM 'tapA' virud prApta huA, isI kAraNa unakI ziSya santati tapAgacchIya khlaayii|27 apane janma se lekara Aja taka isa gaccha kI avicchinna paramparA vidyamAna hai aura isakA prabhAva uttarottara bar3hatA hI jA rahA hai| isa gaccha meM aneka prabhAvaka AcArya aura vidvAn munijana ho cuke haiM aura Aja bhI haiN| isa gaccha se sambaddha bar3I saMkhyA meM sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSya prApta hote haiM jinakA samyak adhyayana Avazyaka hai| anya gacchoM kI bhA~ti isa gaccha kI bhI kaI avAntara zAkhAyeM astittva meM AyIM, jaise-- vRddhapoSAlika, laghupoSAlika, vijayANaMdasUrizAkhA vimalazAkhA, vijayadevasUrizAkhA, sAgarazAkhA, ratnazAkhA, kamalakalazazAkhA, kutubapurAzAkhA, nigamazAkhA aadi| thArApadragaccha prAkmadhyayugIna aura madhyayugIna nirganthadharma ke zvetAmbara AmnAya ke gacchoM meM isa gaccha kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| thArApadra (vartamAna tharAda, banAsakAMThA maNDala - uttara gujarAta) nAmaka sthAna se isa gaccha kA prAdurbhAva huaa| isa gaccha meM 11vIM zatI ke prArambha meM hue AcArya pUrNabhadrasUri ne vaTezvara kSamAzramaNa ko apanA pUrvaja batalAyA hai, parantu isa gaccha ke pravartaka kauna the, yaha gaccha kaba astitva meM AyA, isa bAre meM ve mauna haiN| isa gaccha meM jyeSThAcArya, zAMtibhadrasUri 'prathama', zIlabhadrasari 'prathama', siddhAntamahodadhi sarvadevasUri, zAntibhadrasari 'dvitIya', pUrNabhadrasUri, suprasiddha pAiyaTIkA ke racanAkAra vAdivetAla zAntisUri, vijayasiMhasUri Adi aneka prabhAvaka aura vidvAn AcArya hue haiN| SaDAvazyakavRtti [racanAkAla vi.saM. 11221 aura kAvyAlaMkAraTippana ke kartA namisAdhu isI gaccha ke the| isa gaccha se sambaddha abhilekhIya sAkSya bhI paryApta saMkhyA meM prApta hue haiM, jo vi.saM. 1011 se vi.saM. 1536 taka ke haiN| isa prakAra isa gaccha kA astitva prAyaH 16vIM zatI ke madhya taka pramANita hotA hai| cUMki isake pazcAta isa gaccha se sambaddha sAkSyoM kA abhAva hai| ataH yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki ukta kAla ke bAda isa gaccha kA astitva samApta ho gayA hogaa| devAnandagaccha devAnandasari isa gaccha ke pravartaka mAne jAte haiN| zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ke anusAra vi.saM. 1194 aura vi.saM. 1201 kI grantha prazastiyoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha milatA hai|30 zrI mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI aura zrI lAlacanda bhagavAna gAMdhI ne prasiddha grantha saMzodhaka aura samarAdityasaMkSepa ke kartA pradyamnasari ko devAnandagaccha se sambaddha batAyA hai jaba ki hIrAlAla rasikalAla kApar3iyA aura zrI gulAbacandra caudharI ne unheM candragacchIya batalAyA hai| kyA devAnandagaccha candragaccha kI hI eka zAkhA rahI yA usase bhinna thI, isa sambandha meM adhyayana kI AvazyakatA hai| campakasenarAsa [racanAkAla vi.saM. 1630/I.san 1574] ke racayitA mahezvarasUriziSya isI gaccha ke the| isa prakAra vi.saM. kI 12vIM zatI se 17vIM zatI taka isa gaccha kA astitva siddha hotA hai, phira bhI sAkSyoM kI viralatA ke kAraNa isa gaccha ke bAre meM vizeSa vivaraNa de pAnA kaThina hai| dharmaghoSagaccha52 rAjagacchIya AcArya zIlabhadrasUri ke eka ziSya dharmaghoSasUri apane samaya ke atyanta prabhAvaka AcArya the| narezatraya pratibodhaka aura digambara vidvAna gaNacandra ke vijetA ke rUpa meM inakI khyAti rhii| inakI prazaMsA meM likhI gayI aneka kRtiyA~ milatI haiM, jo inakI paramparA meM hue uttarakAlIna munijanoM dvArA racI gayIM hai| dharmaghoSasUri ke mRtyoparAnta inakI ziSyasantati apane guru ke nAma para dharmaghoSagaccha ke nAma se vikhyAta huii| isa gaccha meM yazobhadrasUri, raviprabhasUri, udayaprabhasUri, pRthvIcandrasUri, pradyumnasUri, jJAnacandrasUri Adi kaI prabhAvaka aura vidvAn AcArya hue, jinhoMne vi.saM. kI 12vIM zatI se vi.saM. kI 17vIM zatI ke anta taka apanI 122

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zvetAmbara sampradAya ke gacchoM kA sAmAnya paricaya sAhityopAsanA, tIrthoddhAra, natana jinAlayoM ke nirmANa kI preraNA, jinapratimAoM kI pratiSThA Adi barA madhyayuga meM zvetAmbara zramaNa paramparA ko cirasthAyitva pradAna karane meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyaa| isa gaccha se sambaddha lagabhaga 200 abhilekha mile haiM jo vi.saM. 1303 se vi.saM. 1691 taka ke hai| ye lekha jinamandiroM ke stambhAdi aura tIrthaMkara pratimAoM para utkIrNa haiM, jo dharmaghoSagaccha ke itihAsa ke adhyayana ke liye atyanta upayogI haiN| nAgapurIyatapAgaccha vaDagacchIya AcArya vAdidevasUri ke eka ziSya padmaprabhasUri ne nAgaura meM vi.saM. 1174 yA 1177 meM ugra tapa kA 'nAgaurItapA virud prApta kiyaa| unakI ziSya saMtati 'nAgapurIyatapAgaccha ke nAma se vikhyAta huii|33 munijinavijaya dvArA saMpAdita vividhagacchIyapaTTAvalIsaMgraha aura zrI mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI dvArA likhita jainagurjarakavio bhAga-2 meM isa gaccha kI paTTAvalI prakAzita huI hai| isI gaccha meM 16vIM zatI meM pArzvacandrasUri hue jinake nAma para pAvacandragaccha kA udaya huA jo vartamAna meM bhI astittvavAna hai| ina gacchoM kA viziSTa adhyayana apekSita hai| ___ nAgendragaccha jisa prakAra candrakula bAda meM candragaccha ke nAma se prasiddha huA, usI prakAra nAgendrakula bhI nAgendragaccha ke nAma se vikhyAta huaa| pUrva madhyayugIna aura madhyayugIna gacchoM meM isa gaccha kA viziSTa sthAna rhaa| isa gaccha meM aneka vidvAn AcArya hue haiN| aNahilapurapATana ke saMsthApaka vanarAja cAvar3A ke guru zIlaguNasUri isI gaccha ke the| unake ziSya devacandrasUri kI eka pratimA pATana meM vidyamAna hai| akoTA se prApta I. san kI sAtavIM zatAbdI kI do jinapratimAoM para nAgendrakula kA ullekha milatA hai|4 mahAmAtya vastupAla tejapAla ke guru vijayasenasUri isI gaccha ke the| isI kAraNa unake dvArA banavAye gaye mandiroM meM mUrtipratiSThA unhIM ke kara-kamaloM se huii| jinaharSagaNi dvArA racita vastupAlacarita [racanAkAla vi.saM. 1497/I. san 14411 se jJAta hotA hai ki vijayasenasari ke upadeza se hI vastupAla-tejapAla ne saMghayAtrAyeM kI aura granthabhaMDAra sthApita kiye tathA jinamaMdiroM kA nirmANa kraayaa| inake ziSya udayaprabhasUri ne dharmAbhyudayamahAkAvya [ racanAkAla vi.saM. 1290/I.san 1234] aura upadezamAlATIkA [racanAkAla vi.saM. 1299/I.san 12431 kI racanA kii| inakI prazasti meM unhoMne apanI guru-paramparA kA sundara vivaraNa diyA hai jo isa gaccha ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| vAsupUjyavarita / racanAkAla vi.saM. 1299/I.san 12431 ke racayitA vardhamAnasUri aura prabandhacintAmaNi ke racayitA merutuMgasUri bhI isI gaccha ke the| isa gaccha se sambaddha pratimAlekha bhI bar3I saMkhyA meM prApta hue haiN| vi.saM. 1455 ke eka dhAtupratimAlekha ke AdhAra para zrI agaracandanAhaTA ne yaha mata vyakta kiyA hai ki usa samaya taka yaha gaccha upakezagaccha meM vilIna ho cukA thaa| isa gaccha kA bhI samyaka adhyayana honA aparihArya hai| nANakIyagaccha zvetAmbara caityavAsI gacchoM meM nANakIya gaccha kA pramukha sthAna hai| isake kaI nAma milate haiM, jaise -- nANagaccha, jJAnakIyagaccha, nANAvAlagaccha aadi| jaisA ki isake nAma se spaSTa hotA hai ki arbudamaNDala meM sthita nANA nAmaka sthAna se yaha gaccha astittva meM aayaa| zAMtisUri isa gaccha ke Adima AcArya mAne jAte haiN| unake paTTapara krama se siddhasenasUri, dhanezvarasUri aura mahendrasUri ye tIna AcArya pratiSThita hue| yahI 4 nAma isa gaccha ke paTTadhara AcAryoM ko punaH-punaH prApta hote rhe| isa gaccha ke munijanoM kI preraNA se vi.saM. 1272 meM bRhatsaMgrahaNIpustikA aura vi.saM. 1592 meM SaTkarmaavacUri kI pratilipi karAyI gyii| yaha bAta unakI dAtAprazasti se jJAta hotI hai| gaccha se sambaddha yahI sAhityika sAkSya Aja prApta hote haiN| isake viparIta isa gaccha se sambaddha bar3I saMkhyA meM jinapratimAyeM milI haiM jo vi.saM. 1102 se vi.saM. 1599 taka kI hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki isa gaccha ke munijana paThana-pAThana kI ora se prAyaH udAsIna rahate hue jinapratimA kI pratiSThA 123

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zivaprasAda aura caityoM kI dekharekha meM hI pravRtta rahate the / zrAvakoM ko nUtana jinapratimAoM ke nirmANa kI preraNA denA hI inakA pramukha kArya rahA / suvihitamArgIya munijanoM ke bar3hate hue prabhAva ke bAvajUda caityavAsI gacchoM kA lambe samaya taka bane rahanA samAja meM unakI pratiSThA aura mahattva kA paricAyaka hai / nivRttigaccha nirgrantha darzana ke caityavAsI gacchoM meM nivRttikula (bAda meM nivRttigaccha ) bhI eka hai| paryuSaNAkalpa kI sthavirAvalI meM isa kula kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| isase pratIta hotA hai ki yaha kula bAda meM astitva meM aayaa| isa kula kA sarvaprathama ullekha akoTA se prApta dhAtu kI do pratimAoM para utkIrNa lekhoM meM prApta hotA hai / umAkAnta pI. zAha ne ina lekhoM kI vAcanA isa prakAra dI hai 37 1. OM devadharmoyaM nivR(rvR ) tikule jinabhadravAcanAcAryasya ! 2. OM nivR(rvR ) tikule jinabhadravAcanAcAryasya / zAha ne ina pratimAoM kA kAla I. san 550 se 600 ke madhya mAnA hai| dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA ke anusAra vAcanAcArya aura kSamAzramaNa samAnArthaka zabda haiM, ataH jinabhadravAcanAcArya aura prasiddha bhASyakAra jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa eka hI vyakti mAne jA sakate haiN| upamitibhavaprapaMcAkathA [ racanAkAla vi. saM. 962 / I. san 906], saTIkanyAyAvatAra, upadezamAlATIkA ke racanAkAra siddharSi, caupannamahApuruSacariyaM [ racanAkAla vi. saM. 925 / I. san 8691 ke racanAkAra zIlAcArya aparanAma vimalamati aparanAma zIlAka, prasiddha granthasaMzodhaka droNAcArya, sUrAcArya Adi bhI isI kula se sambaddha the| yadyapi isa kula yA gaccha se sambaddha abhilekha vi.saM. kI 16vIM zatI taka ke haiM, parantu unakI saMkhyA 'nyUna hai / isa gaccha ke Adima AcArya kauna the, yaha gaccha kaba astitva meM AyA, isa bAre meM upalabdha sAkSyoM se koI jAnakArI nahIM milatI / yadyapi paTTAvaliyoM meM nAgendra, candra aura vidyAdhara kuloM ke sAtha isa kula kI utpatti kA bhI vivaraNa milatA hai, kintu uttarakAlIna evaM bhrAmaka vivaraNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa ye paTTAvaliyA~ kisI bhI gaccha ke prAcIna itihAsa ke adhyayana ke liye yatheSTha prAmANika nahIM mAnI jA sakatI haiN| mahAvIra kI paramparA meM nivRttikula kA ullekha nahIM milatA, ataH kyA yaha pArzvApatyoM kI paramparA se lATadeza meM niSpanna huA, yaha anveSaNIya hai| pallIvAlagaccha pallI [ vartamAna pAlI, rAjasthAna ] nAmaka sthAna se pallIvAla jJAti aura zvetAmbaroM ke pallIvAlagaccha kI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai| isa gaccha se sambaddha sAhityika aura abhilekhIya donoM prakAra ke sAkSya prApta hote haiN| kAlikAcAryakathA [ racanAkAla vi.saM. 1365] ke racanAkAra mahezvarasUri, piMDavizuddhidIpikA [ racanAkAla vi.saM. 1627], uttarAdhyayanabAlAvabodhinITIkA [ racanAkAla vi.saM. 16291 aura AcArAMgadIpikA ke racayitA ajitadevasUri isI gaccha se sambaddha the| pallIvAlagaccha se sambaddha jo pratimAlekha prApta hue haiM ve vi. saM. 1383 se vi. saM. 1681 taka ke haiN| 38 isa gaccha kI eka paTTAvalI bhI prApta huI hai, jisake anusAra yaha gaccha candrakula se utpanna huA hai| pUrNatallagaccha candrakula se utpanna gacchoM meM pUrNatallagaccha bhI eka hai| isa gaccha meM jinadattasUri, yazobhadrasUri, pradyumnasUri, guNasenasUri, devacandrasUri, kalikAlasarvajJa hemacandrasUri, azokacandrasUri, candrasenasUri, rAmacandrasUri, guNacandrasUri, bAlacandrasUri Adi kaI AcArya 39 hue tilakamaMjarITippaNa, jainatarkavArtikavRtti Adi ke racanAkAra zAMtisUri isI gaccha ke the / devacandrasUri ne svaracita zAMtinAthacarita [ racanAkAla vi.saM. 1160 / I. san 1104] kI prazasti meM apanI guru-paramparA kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai -- 124

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zvetAmbara sampradAya ke gacchoM kA sAmAnya paricaya yazobhadrasUri 1 pradyumnasUra 1 guNasenasUra I devacandrasUri [ vi.saM. 1160 / I. san 1104 meM zAMtinAthacarita ke racanAkAra ] isake atirikta devacandrasUri ne sthAnakaprakaraNaTIkA aparanAma mUlazuddhiprakaraNavRtti kI bhI racanA kI / caulukyanareza kumArapAlapratibodhaka, kalikAlasarvajJa AcArya hemacandrasUri utpAdAdisiddhiprakaraNa [ racanAkAla vi.saM. 1205 / I. san 1149] ke racayitA candrasenasUri tathA azokacandrasUri ukta devacandrasUri ke ziSya the / hemacandrasUri kI ziSya paramparA meM prasiddhanATyakAra rAmacandra - guNacandra, anekArthasaMgraha ke TIkAkAra mahendrasUri, snAtasyA nAmaka prasiddha stuti ke racayitA bAlacandrasUri, devacandrasUri udayacandrasUri, yazazcandrasUri, vardhamAnagaNi Adi hue| pippalagaccha vaDagacchIya AcArya sarvadevasUri ke praziSya aura nemicandrasUri ke ziSya AcArya zAMtisUri ne vi.saM. 1181 / I. san 1125 meM pIpalavRkSa ke nIce mahendrasUri, vijayasiMhasUri Adi ATha ziSyoM ko AcArya pada pradAna kiyaa| pIpalavRkSa ke nIce unheM AcAryapada prApta hone ke kAraNa unakI ziSyasantati pippalagacchIya kahalAyI / 40 siMhAsanadvAtriMzikA [ racanAkAla vi. saM. 1484/ I. san 14281 ke racanAkAla sAgaracandrasUri, vastupAlatejapAlarAsa [ racanAkAla vi.saM. 1484 / I. san 14281, vidyAvilAsapavADo Adi ke karttA prasiddha granthakAra hIrAnandasUri, kAlakasUribhAsa ke karttA Anandameru isI gaccha ke the| isa gaccha kI do avAntara zAkhAoM kA patA calatA hai 1. tribhavIyAzAkhA 2. tAladhvajIyA zAkhA abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para vi. saM. 1778 taka isa gaccha kA astitva siddha hotA hai| pUrNimAgaccha yA pUrNimApakSa madhyayugIna zvetAmbara gacchoM meM pUrNimAgaccha kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| candrakula ke AcArya jayasiMhasUri ke ziSya candraprabhasUri dvArA pUrNimA ko pAkSika parva manAye jAne kA samarthana karane ke kAraNa unakI ziSya santati pUrNimApakSIya yA pUrNimAgacchIya khlaayii| vi. saM. 1149 yA 1159 meM isa gaccha kA AvirbhAva mAnA jAtA hai| 41 isa gaccha meM AcArya dharmaghoSasUri, devasUri, cakrezvarasUri, samudraghoSasUri, vimalagaNi, devabhadrasUri tilakAcArya, muniratnasUri, kamalaprabhasUri, mahimAprabhasUri Adi kaI prakhara vidvAn AcArya ho cuke haiN| isa gaccha kI kaI AvantarazAkhAyeM astittva meM AyIM, jaise pradhAnazAkhA yA DhaMDheriyAzAkhA, sArdhapUrNimA zAkhA, kaccholIvAlazAkhA, bhImapallIyazAkhA, vaTapadrIyazAkhA, borasiddhIyazAkhA, bhRgukacchIyazAkhA, chApariyA zAkhA Adi / isa gaccha ke munijanoM dvArA racita granthoM kI prazastiyoM, unakI preraNA se lipibaddha karAye gaye prAcIna granthoM kI dAtAprazastiyoM evaM paTTAvaliyoM meM isa gaccha ke itihAsa kI mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI saMkalita hai| yahI bAta isa gaccha se sambaddha bar3I saMkhyA meM prApta pratimAlekhoM ke sambandha meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| brahmANagaccha arbudamaNDala ke arntagata vartamAna varamANa [prAcIna brahmANa] nAmaka sthAna se isa gaccha kI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai| 42 isa gaccha se sambaddha baDI saMkhyA meM pratimAlekha prApta hote haiM jo vi. saM. 1124 se 125

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zivaprasAda 16vIM zatI ke anta taka ke haiN| ina lekhoM meM vimalasUri, buddhisAgarasUri, udayaprabhasUri, municandrasUri Adi AcAryoM ke nAma punaH punaH Ate haiM, jisase pratIta hotA hai ki isa gaccha ke munijana caityavAsI rahe hoNge| isa gaccha se sambaddha sAhityika sAkSyoM kA prAyaH abhAva hai, ataH isake bAre meM vizeSa bAteM jJAta nahIM hotI haiN| vaDagaccha suvihitamArgapratipAlaka aura caityavAsavirodhI gacchoM meM vaDagaccha kA pramukha sthAna hai| paramparAnusAra candrakula ke AcArya udyotanasari ne vi.saM. 994 meM AbU ke nikaTa sthita TelIgrAma meM vaTavRkSa ke nIce sarvadevasari sahita 8 ziSyoM ko AcAryapada pradAna kiyaa| vaDavRkSa ke nIce unheM prApta hone ke kAraNa unakI ziSyasantati vaDagacchIya khlaayii| vaTavRkSa ke samAna isa gaccha kI bhI aneka zAkhAyeM-prazAkhAyeM astittva meM ArI, ataH isakA eka nAma bRhadgaccha bhI par3a gyaa| gurjarabhUmi meM vidhimArgapravartaka vardhamAnasUri, unake ziSya jinezvarasUri aura buddhisAgarasUri, navAGgIvRttikAra abhayadevasUri, AkhyAnakamaNikoza ke racayitA devendragaNi aparanAma nemicandrasUri, unake ziSya AmradevasUri, prasiddha granthakAra municandrasUri, unake paTTadhara prasiddha vAdI devasUri, ratnaprabhasUri, haribhadrasUri Adi aneka prabhAvaka aura vidvAn AcArya ho cuke haiN| isa gaccha kI kaI avAntara zAkhAyeM astitva meM AyIM, jaise vi.saM. 1149 yA 1159 meM yazobhadra-nemicandra ke ziSya aura municandrasari ke jyeSTha gurubhrAtA candraprabhasUri se pUrNimAgaccha kA udaya huaa| isI prakAra vaDagacchIya zAMtisUri dvarA vi.saM. 1181/I. san 1125 meM pIpalavRkSa ke nIce mahendrasUri, vijayasiMhasUri Adi 8 ziSyoM ke AcAryapada pradAna karane ke kAraNa unakI ziSyasantati pippalagacchIya khlaayii| abhilekhIya sAkSyoM dvArA vi.saM. kI 17vIM zatI ke anta taka vaDagaccha kA astitva jJAta hotA hai| ___ maladhArigaccha yA harSapurIyagaccha harSapura (vartamAna harasaura ) nAmaka sthAna se isa gaccha kI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai| jinaprabhasUri viracita kalpapradIpa [racanAkAla vi.saM. 1389/I. san 1333] ke anusAra eka bAra caulukyanareza jayasiMha siddharAja ne harSapurIyagaccha ke AcArya abhayadevasUri ko malamAlina vastra evaM unake malayuktadeha ko dekhakara unheM 'maladhAri nAmaka upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyaa| usI samaya se harSapurIyagaccha maladhArigaccha ke nAma se vikhyAta huaa|44 isa gaccha meM aneka granthoM ke praNetA hemacandrasUri, vijayasiMhasUri, zrIcandrasUri, lakSmaNagaNi, vibudhaprabhasUri, jinabhadrasUri, municandrasUri, devaprabhasUri, naracandrasUri, narendraprabhasUri, rAjazekharasUri, sudhAkalaza Adi prasiddha AcArya aura vidvAn munijana ho cuke haiN| isa gaccha ke munijanoM dvArA bar3I saMkhyA meM racI gayI kRtiyoM kI prazastiyoM evaM gaccha se sambaddha vi.saM. 1190 se vi.saM. 1699 taka ke pratimAlekhoM meM itihAsa sambandhI mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| modamaccha gujarAta rAjya ke mehasANA jile meM avasthita moDherA [prAcIna modera nAmaka sthAna se modajJAti evaM moDhagaccha kI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai| I.san kI 10vIM zatAbdI kI dhAtu kI do pratimAo para utkIrNa lekhoM meM isa gaccha kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| isase pramANita hotA hai ki ukta tithi ke pUrva yaha gaccha astitva meM A cukA thaa| prabhAvakacarita se bhI ukta mata kI puSTi hotI hai| I.san 1171/vi.saM. 1227 ke eka lekha meM bhI isa gaccha kA ullekha milatA hai| zrI pUranacanda nAhara ne isakI vAcanA isa prakAra dI hai -- __saM. 1227 vaizAkha sudi 3 gurau naMdANi grAmenyA zrAvikayA AtmIyaputra lUNade zreyortha caturviMzati paTTaH kAritAH / / zrImoDhagacche bappabhaTTisaMtAne jinabhadrAcAryaiH pratiSThitaH / jainalekhasaMgraha bhAga 2, lekhAMka 1694 vi.saM. 1325 meM pratilipi kI gayI kAlakAcAryakathA kI dAtA prazasti meM moDhaguru hariprabhasUri kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| yadyapi isa gaccha se sambaddha sAkSya sImita saMkhyA meM prApta hote haiM, phira bhI unake AdhAra para isa gaccha kA lambe kAla taka astitva siddha hotA hai| pro. ema.e. DhAMkI kA mata hai ki jainadharmAnuyAyI moDha jJAti dvArA sthAnakavAsI (amUrtipUjaka) jainadharma athavA vaiSNavadharma svIkAra kara lene se isa zvetAmbara mUrti pUjaka 126

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zvetAmbara sampradAya ke gacchoM kA sAmAnya paricaya paramparA meM gaccha kA astitva samApta ho gyaa| rAjagaccha candrakula se samaya-samaya para aneka gacchoM kA prAdurbhAva huA, rAjagaccha bhI unameM eka hai| vi.saM. kI 11vIM zatI ke Asa-pAsa isa gaccha kA prAdurbhAva mAnA jAtA hai| candrakula ke AcArya pradyumnasUri ke praziSya aura abhayadevasUri ke ziSya dhanezvarasUri 'prathama' dIkSA lene ke pUrva rAjA the, ataH unakI ziSya-santati rAjagaccha ke nAma se vikhyAta huii| isa gaccha meM dhanezvarasUri 'dvitIya, aneka kRtiyoM ke kartA pArzvadevagaNi aparanAma zrIcandrasUri, siddhasenasUri, devabhadrasUri, mANikyacandrasUri, prabhAcandrasUri Adi kaI prabhAvaka aura vidvAn AcArya hue haiN| isI gaccha ke vAdIndra dharmaghoSasUri kI ziSya santati apane guru ke nAma para dharmaghoSagacchIya khlaayii| yadyapi rAjagaccha se sambaddha abhilekhIya sAkSya bhI milate haiM jo vi.saM. 1128 se vi.saM. 1509 taka ke haiM, tathApi unakI saMkhyA nyUna hI hai| sAhityika sAkSyoM dvArA isa gaccha kA astitva vi.saM. kI 14vIM zatI taka hI jJAta ho pAtA hai kintu abhilekhIya sAkSyoM dvArA vi.saM. kI 16vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha taka isa gaccha kA astitva pramANita hotA hai| rudrapallIyagaccha yaha kharataragaccha kI eka zAkhA hai jo vi.saM. 1204 meM jinezvarasUri se astitva meM aayii| rudrapallI nAmaka sthAna se isa gaccha kI utpatti huii| isa gaccha meM devasundarasUri, somasundarasUri, guNasamudrasUri, harSadevasari, harSasundarasari Adi kaI AcArya hue haiN| vi.saM. kI 17vIM zatAbdI taka isa gaccha kI vidyamAnatA kA patA calatA hai|47 vAyaDagaccha gujarAta rAjya ke pAlanapura jile meM avasthita DIsA nAmaka sthAna ke nikaTa vAyaDa nAmaka grAma hai jahA~ se chaThavIM-sAtavIM zatI meM vAyaDajJAti aura vAyaDagaccha kI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai| isa gaccha meM paTTadhara AcAryoM ko jinadatta, rAzilla aura jIvadeva ye tIna nAma punaH punaH prApta hote the, jisase patA calatA hai ki isa gaccha ke anuyAyI caityavAsI rhe| bAlabhArata aura kAvyakalpalatA ke racanAkAra amaracandrasUri, vivekavilAsa va zakunazAstra ke praNetA jinadattasUri vAyaDagaccha ke hI the| sukRtasaMkIrtana kA racanAkAra Thakkura arisiMha isI gaccha kA anuyAyI eka zrAvaka thaa|48 vidyAdharagaccha nAgendra, nivRtti aura candra kula kI bhA~ti vidyAdharakula bhI bAda meM vidyAdhara gaccha ke rUpa meM prasiddha huaa| isa gaccha se sambaddha kucha pratimAlekha prApta hue haiN| jAliharagacchIya devaprabhasari dvArA racita padmaprabhacarita [racanAkAla vi.saM. 1254/I.san 1198] kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki kAzahada aura jAlihara ye donoM vidyAdhara gaccha kI zAkhAyeM haiN|49 vidyAdharagaccha ke sambandha meM vizeSa vivaraNa anveSaNIya haiN| saMDeragaccha madhyayugIna zvetAmbara caityavAsI gacchoM meM saMDeragaccha kA bhI pramukha sthAna hai| jaisA ki isake nAma se spaSTa hotA hai saMDera (vartamAna sAMDerAva - rAjasthAna) nAmaka sthAna se yaha gaccha astitva meM aayaa| IzvarasUri isa gaccha ke Adima AcArya mAne jAte haiN| zAlisari, sumatisUri, zAMtisUri aura IzvarasUri ye cAra nAma punaH punaH isa gaccha ke paTTadhara AcAryoM ko prApta hote rhe| saMDeragacchIya munijanoM dvArA likhita granthoM kI antya prazastiyoM evaM unakI preraNA se likhAye gaye granthoM kI dAtA prazastiyoM meM isa gaccha ke itihAsa kI mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI saMkalita hai| yahI bAta isa gaccha se sambaddha pratimAlekhoM--jo vi.saM. 1039 se vi.saM. 1732 taka ke haiM, ke bAre meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| sAgaradattarAsa [racanAkAla vi.saM. 15501, lalitAMgadharita, zrIpAlacaupAi, sumitracaritra Adi ke racanAkAra IzvarasUri isI gaccha ke the| prAcIna granthoM ke pratilekhana kI puSpikAoM ke AdhAra para I.sana kI 18vIM zatI taka isa gaccha kA astitva jJAta hotA hai| saravAlagaccha pUrvamadhyayugIna zvetAmbara caityavAsI gacchoM meM saravAlagaccha bhI eka hai| candrakUla kI eka zAkhA 127

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zivaprasAda ke rUpa meM isa gaccha kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| isa gaccha se sambaddha vi.saM. 1110 se vi.saM. 1283 taka ke kucha pratimAlekha prApta hue hai| piNDaniyuktivRtti [ racanAkAla vi.saM. 1160 / I. san 11041 ke racayitA vIragaNi aparanAma samudraghoSasUri isI gaccha ke the| isa gaccha ke pravartana kauna the, yaha gaccha kaba astitva meM AyA, isa bAre meM koI jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotii| 51 saravAla jainoM kI koI jJAti thI athavA kisI sthAna kA nAma thA jahA~ se yaha gaccha astitva meM AyA, yaha anveSaNIya hai| 128 /

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6. kalpasUtrasthAvirAvalI, 216-221. 7. vahI, 1. bhagavatIsUtra, 15/1/539-61. 2. vahI, 9/33/386-7. 3. kalpasUtrasthavirAvalI 205-223. 4. nandI sUtrasthavirAvalI, 25-48. 5. vizeSAvazyakabhASya 3053 aura Age AvazyakabhASya 145 aura Age AvazyakacUrNI, prathama bhAga, pU. 427,586. 8. sambodhaprakaraNa, 9. kharataragaccha bRhadgurvAvalI saMpA. jinavijaya [siMghI jaina granthamAlA granthAMka 42, bambaI 1956 I. 2, pR. 2-3. 10. draSTavya, saMdarbha saMkhyA 12. 11. zrIpArzva aMcalagacchadigdarzana [bambaI, 1980 I. pU. 10. 12. agaracandanAhaTA "jaina zramaNoM ke gacchoM para saMkSipta prakAza" yatIndrasUri abhinandanagrantha Ahora, 1958 I. 1, pR.141. -- -- 13. zivaprasAda "Aganikagaccha aparanAma (prAcIna) tristutikagaccha kA itihAsa" paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA abhinandana grantha vArANasI 1991 I. sa. pRSTha 241 284. 14. zivaprasAda "upakezagaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa" bhramaNa varSa 42, aMka 7-12, pR. 91-182. 15. vahI, pR. 181182. 17. H.D. Velankar 16. C.D. Dalal A Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscripts in the Jain Bhandars at Pattan, Gaekwad's Oriental Series No. LXXVI, Baroda, 1937 A.D., pp. 210-213. Jinaratnakosa, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Government Oriental Series, Class C No. 4, Poona, 1944 A.D., pp. 349-350. 18. "kRSNArvigaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa" nAmaka merA eka zodha nibandha lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, ahamadAbAda dvArA prakAzita hone vAlI vArSika zodha patrikA sambodhi ke AgAmI naye aMka meM prakAzanArtha svIkRta ho cukA hai. 19. zivaprasAda "koraMTagaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa" bhramaNa varSa 40 aMka 5, pU. 15-43. 20. zivaprasAda "bhAvaDAragaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa" bhramaNa varSa 40, aMka 3, pR. 15-33. 21. nAhaTA, pUrvokta, pU. 145 146. 22. muni jinavijaya saMpA. kharataragacchabRhadgurvAvalI, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 42, bambaI 1956 I. bhUmikA, pU.6-12. -- -- 11 sandarbha-grantha zvetAmbara sampradAya ke gacchoM kA sAmAnya paricaya. pt 12mu -- , 129 /

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zivaprasAda 23. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA -- "mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhityamaMDala aura saMskRta sAhitya meM usakI dena, jaina saMskRti saMzodhana mAla, sanmati prakAzana naM 15, vArANasI, 1959 I., pR. 106--109. 24. velaNakara, pUrvokta, pR. 288 aura 423-424. 25. draSTavya saMdarbha saMkhyA 16. 26. zivaprasAda -- "jAliharagaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa" zramaNa, varSa 43, aMka 4-6, pR. 41-46. 27. nAhaTA, pUrvokta, pR. 148. 28. vahI, pR. 148-149. evaM munikAntisAgara -- zatrujayavaibhava, kuzala saMsthAna, puSpa 4, jayapura 1990 I., pR. 369-270. 29. zivaprasAda -- "thArApadragaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa" nintha, varSa 1, aMka 1, ahamadAbAda 1994 I. 30. nAhaTA, pUrvokta, pR. 148-149. mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI -- jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, bambaI, 1933 I., pR. 384. paM. lAlacanda bhagavAnadAsa gAMdhI -- aitihAsikalekhasaMgraha, baDodarA - 1963 I., pra. 162. hIrAlAla rasikalAla kApar3iyA -- jaina saMskRta sAhityano itihAsa bhaga 2, baDodarA, 1968 I., pR. 132. gulAbacandra caudharI -- jaina sAhitya kA bRhaditihAsa, bhAga 6, vArANasI 1973 I., pR. 270-71. 31. nAhaTA, pUrvokta, pR. 150. 32. zivaprasAda -- "dharmaghoSagaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa" zramaNa, varSa 41,aMka 1-3, pR. 45-103. 33. nAhaTA, pUrvokta, pR. 151. 34. U.P. Shah -- Akota Bronzes, [Bombay 1959 1 pp. 34-35. sAMDesarA, pUrvokta, pR. 96-100. 35. nAhaTA, pUrvokta, pR. 151. 36. zivaprasAda "nANakIyagaccha" zramaNa, varSa 40, aMka 7, pR. 2-34. 37. zAha, pUrvokta, pR. 29, 33-34. isa gaccha ke sambandha meM vicAra ke liye draSTavya -- zivaprasAda " nivRttikula kA saMkSipta itihAsa" nirgantha varSa 1, aMka 1, ahamadAbAda 1994 I. 38. agaracanda nAhaTA -- "pallIvAlagacchapaTTAvalI" zrI AtmArAmajI zatAbdI grantha, pR. 182-196. 39. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA -- hemacandrAcArya kA ziSya maNDala, jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala, patrikA naM. 31, vArANasI, 1951 I., pR.3-20. pippalagaccha aura pUrNimAgaccha tathA unakI zAkhAoM ke udabhava evaM vikAsa para ina paMktiyoM ke lekhaka ne vistRta zodha-nibandha likhA hai, jo adyAvadhi aprakAzita hai. 41. vahI, 42. nAhaTA, pUrvokta, pR. 153. 43. zivaprasAda -- "bRhadgaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa" paM. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA abhinandana grantha, pR. 105-117. 44. munijinavijaya, saMpA. kalpapradIpa aparanAma vividhatIrthakalpa siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 10, zAMtiniketana - 1934 I., pR. 51. 130 40

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zvetAmbara sampradAya ke gacchoM kA sAmAnya paricava.pt 12mu 45. M.A. Dhaky -- "Modhera, Modha - Vansa, Modha Gaccha and Modha-Caityas", Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bombay Volumes 56-59/1981-84 (Combined) ENew Series], Bombay-1986 A.D., pp. 144-159. 46. anyAnya gacchoM kI bhA~ti maiMne rAjagaccha kA bhI itihAsa likhA hai, jo prakAzanAdhIna hai. 47. nAhaTA, pUrvokta, pR. 155-156. 48. sAMDesarA, pUrvokta, pR. 90-91. 49. draSTavya -- sandarbha saMkhyA 16. 50. zivaprasAda -- "saMDeragaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa" paM. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA abhinandana grantha, pR. 194-217. 51. zivaprasAda -- "saravAlagaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa" sandhAna, varSa 4, vArANasI 1992 I., pR. 51-56. * zodha adhyetA, prA. i.saM. evaM purAtattva vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI 131