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________________ A pro0 dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA [nidezaka-lA0 da0 bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, ahamadAbAda / bhAratIya darzanoM ke prakAMDa vidvAna, jainavidyA ke antarrASTrIya khyAtilabdha manISI] naal zUnyavAda aura syAdvAda bhAratIya dArzanikoM meM yadi kisI vAda ke viSaya meM bhrAnti huI hai to sarvaprathama zUnyavAda ke viSaya meM aura bAda meM syAdvAda ke viSaya meN| zUnyavAda ke lie bhramajanaka usa vAda kA 'zUnya' zabda hI huA hai aura syAdvAda ke lie 'syAt' zabda / kevala ina zabdoM ko hI pakar3akara dArzanikoM ne ina ionoM vAdoM kA khaMDana kiyA hai / zUnyavAdI kA khaMDana parama nAstika mAnakara aura syAdvAdI kA khaMDana saMzayavAdI mAnakara kiyA gayA hai| isameM donoM ke prati anyAya huA hai| dArzanikoM ne donoM vAdoM kA gaharAI se adhyayana nahIM kiyaa| pariNAmataH jo kucha khaMDana huA usameM dama nahIM hai, tarka nahIM hai, kevala aTakalabAjI hai| zUnyavAdI ucchedavAdI to hai nahIM, phira nAstika kaise hai ? nAstika ke lie to paramArtha kucha nahIM hai jabaki zUnyavAda meM paramArtha hai|' syAdvAda ke prati AkSepa hai ki yaha saMzayavAda hai kintu vastutaH vaisA nahIM hai| yaha to syAdvAda ke kisI bhI grantha ko dekhakara nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| zaMkara jaise vidvAn ne jaba se ina donoM vAdoM kA khaMDana sAmpradAyika dRSTi athavA sthUla dRSTi se kiyA hai taba se prAyaH sabhI dArzanikoM ne unakA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai, mUlagranthoM ko dekhane kI kisI ne takalIpha nahIM kI / pariNAma yaha hai ki bhAratIya darzana kI donoM viziSTa dhArA kA vizeSa paricaya vidvAnoM ko huA nahIM hai| bhagavAna buddha ne apane samaya ke upaniSad-saMmata zAzvatavAda aura nAstika-saMmata ucchedavAda donoM ko asvIkRta karake apane pratItyasamutpAdavAda kI sthApanA kii| spaSTa hai ki yaha vAda eka nayA vAda hai-usameM kAryakAraNa ke saMbaMdha ke viSaya meM eka naI vicAraNA apanAI gaI hai| bhagavAna buddha apane ko vibhajyavAdI kahate haiM, ekAMzavAdI nhiiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhI bhikSuoM ke lie vibhajyavAda apanAne kA Adeza diyA hai| usI vibhajyavAda kA rUpAntara anekAntavAda 1 yadyabhAvAtmikA zUnyatA kathaM paramArtha ucyate ? paramajJAnaviSayatvAt / anityatA vat na tu vastutvAt / -madhyAnta vibhAga0 TI0 pR036 tathatA bhUtakoTizcAnimittaM prmaarthtaa| dharmadhAtuzca paryAyAH zUnyatAyAH samAsataH / / -madhyAnta vi0 1.14 TIkAkAra sthiramati ne-advayatA, avikalpaka dhAtuH, dharmatA, anabhilApyatA, nirodha, asaMskRta, nirvANa ko bhI paryAya batAyA hai-TI0 pR0 41 2 dekheM-pramANamImAMsA, prastAvanA, pR0 6 (siMghI) 3 majjhima0 su0 66 mAdhAnAsa AcAryapravabhi zrAAnandamanthazrIAnandagrantha mmmmmmmmmmrammarwaamanaram MAMANABANJAAAAAAAAAAADAJARAAAAAJARAMODARADABAD
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________________ AbhApAyapravabhinaya AnandagranthazrAAnandA grantha 266 dharma aura darzana yA syAdvAda hai| vibhajyavAda apekSA para AdhArita hai aura syAdvAda bhI apekSAvAda para AdhArita hai| ye donoM vAda sApekSavAda haiM aura pratItyasamutpAdavAda kA tAtparya bhI sApekSavAda meM hai| isa prakAra eka hada taka donoM vAdoM kA sAmya spaSTa hai| phira bhI ina donoM vAdoM kA jo vikAsa huA hai usameM do dizAyeM spaSTa haiN| bauddhoM meM pratItyasamutpAdavAda ke siddhAnta kI niSpatti zUnyavAda taka huI hai jo niSedhapradhAna hai aura jainoM meM nayavAda kA vikAsa huA jo vidhipradhAna hai| niSedhapradhAna kahane kA tAtparya nAstikavAda se nahIM hai----yaha to spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai| to usakA tAtparya itanA hai ki bhagavAn buddha ne zAzvata aura viccheda ina donoM kA niSedha kiyA aura apane mArga ko-madhyamamArga khaa| jabaki bha0 mahAvIra ne zAzvata aura uccheda ina donoM ko apekSA bheda se svIkRta karake vidhimArga apnaayaa| syAdvAda aura zUnyavAda meM ekAnta uccheda aura ekAnta vinAza samAna rUpa se asaMmata hai| eka kI bhASA meM niSedha pradhAna prayoga hai jaba ki dUsare kI bhASA meM vidhi pradhAna prayoga dekhA jAtA hai| bhagavAn buddha ne to madhyamamArga kahakara chor3a diyA thaa| kintu nAgArjuna ne pratItyasamutpAdavAda aura zUnya kA samIkaraNa kiyA jo prayoga kI dRSTi se bhrAmaka siddha huaa| bha0 mahAvIra ne apekSAbheda se virodhI mantavyoM ko svIkAra kiyA thA aura apekSAsUcaka zabda 'syAt' rakhA thA aura yahI zabda dArzanikoM meM bhrama paidA karane meM kAraNa huaa| pariNAma spaSTa hai ki bhASA kI apanI maryAdA hai jisake kAraNa zUnyavAda nAstika samajhA gayA aura syAdvAda saMzayavAda / / bhASA kI isa maryAdA ko lakSya karake hI to kahA gayA hai ki 'paramArtho hi AryANAM tuSNIMbhAvaH' (madhya0 vR0 10 16) / phira bhI yadi zUnyavAdI apanA maMtavya bhASA ke dvArA hI vyakta karatA hai to usake pIche dRSTi yaha hai ki--- nAnyayA bhASayA mlecchaH zakyo grAhayitu yathA / na laukikamRte loka: zakyo grAhayitu tathA // -catuHzataka 8 / 16 yahI bAta jaina AcArya kundakunda ne bhI kahI hai jaha Navi sakkamaNajjo aNajjabhAsaM viNA du gaahedu| taha vavahAreNa viNA paramatthuvadesaNamasakkaM // -samayasAra 8 zUnyavAda kI sthApanA meM yukti aura Agama donoM kA avalambana hai yaha spaSTIkaraNa candrakIti ne kiyA hai-"AcAryoM yuktyAgamAbhyAM saMzayamithyAjJAnApAkaraNArtha zAstramidamArabdhavAn"-(mAdhyama ka0 pR0 13) yahI bAta AcArya samantabhadra ne bhI anekAntavAda ke samarthana meM likhI gaI AptamImAMsA meM kahI hai sa tvamevAsi nirdoSo yuktizAstrAvirodhivAk / avirodho yadiSTaM te prasiddha na na bAdhyate // --AptamI06 4 sUtrakRtAMga 1-14-22 / aura bhI carcA ke lie dekheM nyAyA0 prastAvanA, pR0 12 (siMdhI) 5 pratItyasamutpAdavAda ke nAgArjuna ne jo vizeSaNa diye haiM-ve haiM-anirodhamanutpAdamanuccheda mazAzvatam / anekArthamanAnArthamanAgamamanirgamam / yaH pratItyasamutpAdaM...'' -mAdhya0 kA0 1 6 vistRta carcA ke lie dekheM-nyAyA0 prastAvanA, pR0 14 7 yaH pratItyasamutpAdaH zUnyatAM tAM pracakSmahe |-maadhy0 24-18 / 8 syAdvAda ko saMzayavAda kahane vAle kevala zaMkara hI nhiiN| dazavai0 agastyacUNi meM bhI aisA hI kahA hai|
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________________ zUnyavAda aura syAdvAda 267 syAdvAdI aura zUnyavAdI donoM ne yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki yadi eka hI bhAva kA paramArtha svarUpa samajha liyA jAye to sabhI bhAvoM kA paramArtha svarUpa samajha liyA gayA aisA mAnanA cAhie / AcArAMga meM kahA hai anyatra yaha bhI kahA hai "eko bhAvaH sarvathA yena dRSTa, sarve bhAvAH sarvathA tena dRSTAH / sarve bhAvAH sarvathA yena dRSTAH, eko bhAvaH sarvathA tena dRSTaH // "je egaM jANai se savvaM jANai, je savvaM jANai se egaM jANai " aisA hI nirUpaNa candrakIrti ne bhI aneka uddharaNa dekara kiyA hai| bhAvasyaikasya yo draSTA draSTA sarvasya sa smRtaH / ekasya zUnyatAyaiva saiva sarvasya zunyatA // ityAdi - madhya0 vR0 pR0 50 donoM ne vyavahAra aura paramArtha satyoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai / zUnyavAdI saMvRti aura paramArtha satya se vahI bAta kahatA hai jo-jaina ne vyavahAra aura nizcayanaya batalA kara kI hai / nAnA prakAra ke ekAntavAdoM ko lekara zUnyavAdI carcA karatA hai aura isa natIje para AtA hai ki vastu zAzvata nahIM, ucchinna nahIM, eka nahIM, aneka nahIM, bhAva nahIM, abhAva nahIM / - ityAdi yahA~ nahIM pakSa kA svIkAra hai / jaba ki syAdvAdI ke mana meM una ekAntoM ke viSaya meM abhiprAya hai ki vastu zAzvata bhI hai, azAzvata bhI hai, eka bhI hai, aneka bhI hai, bhAva bhI hai, abhAva bhI haiisa prakAra zUnyavAda aura syAdvAda meM nahIM aura bhI ko lekara vivAda hai, jabaki ekAntavAdI hI ko svIkAra karate haiM / (1) (2) madhyAnta vibhAga grantha ( 5- 23 - 26 ) meM pandraha prakAra ke anta yugaloM kI carcA karake una sabhI kA asvIkAra karake madhyamapratipat kA -- nirvikalpaka jJAna ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai unameM se kucha ye haiM- (3) (4) ( 5 ) - 3, 4, 1. - syAdvAda maM0 pR0 115 --yathoktam zarIra hI AtmA hai yaha eka anta aura zarIra se bhinna AtmA hai yaha dUsarA anta; rUpa nitya hai yaha eka anta aura anitya hai - yaha dUsarA / bhUtoM ko nitya mAnane vAle tIrthika haiM aura anitya mAnane vAle zrAvakayAnavAle haiM / AtmA hai yaha eka anta aura nairAtmya hai--yaha dUsarA anta / dharma - citta bhUta-sat hai yaha eka anta aura abhUta hai yaha dUsarA anta / akuzala dharma ko saMkleza kahanA yaha vipakSAnta hai aura kuzala dharmoM ko vyavadAna kahanA yaha pratipakSAnta hai / (6) pudgala - AtmA aura dharma ko asti kahanA yaha zAzvatAnta hai, aura unheM nAsti kahanA yaha ucchedAnta hai / (7) avidyAdi grAhya grAhaka haiM yaha eka anta aura usakA pratipakSa vidyAdi grAhya ko grAhaka haiM yaha dUsarA anta / ityAdi / AyAryapravara abhinaMdana AAnanda anya
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________________ 268 dharma aura darzana tAtparya yaha hai ki zunyavAda meM antoM kI asvIkRti aura nirvikalpa bhAva kA svIkAra hai| jabaki syAdvAda meM isase ulaTA hai| isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki syAdvAdI ko tattadvikalpoM ke doSa kA jJAna nahIM hai / ekAnta meM rahA huA dopa samAna rUpa se zUnyavAdI aura syAdvAdI dekhate haiN| kintu doSa ko dekhakara anta kA kevala asvIkAra karanA yaha syAdvAdI ko maMjUra nhiiN| yaha usa anta ke guNoM ko bhI dekhatA hai aura usI dRSTi se usakA svIkAra bhI karatA hai| nirapekSa anta ko nirasta karake vaha sApekSa anta kA svIkAra karatA hai| isa prakriyA ko vizada rUpa se nayacakra meM rakhA gayA hai| tarka dudhArI talavAra hai, yaha khaMDana bhI karatA hai aura maMDana bhii| AcArya nAgArjuna ne usakA upayoga kevala khaMDana meM hI kiyA hai| dArzanika vicAraNA ke apane samaya taka ke prameya aura pramANa sambandhI mAnyatAoM kA tarka ke bala se jamakara khaMDana hI khaMDana kiyA aura zUnyavAda kI sthApanA kii| java ki nayacakra meM aisI yojanA kI ki khaMDana bhI ho aura maMDana bhii| usane apane samaya taka ke prasiddha sabhI vAdoM kI krama se sthApanA kI aura khaMDana bhI kiyaa| pUrva-pUrvavAda apane mata kA samarthana karatA hai aura uttara-uttara vAda pUrva-pUrva kA khaMDana aura aMtima vAda kA khaMDana prathama vAda karatA hai / isa prakAra maMDana-khaMDana kA yaha cakra calatA rahatA hai| koI bhI vAda apane Apa meM pUrNa nahIM, phira bhI usameM satyAMza avazya hai / yaha tathya usa grantha se phalita kiyA gayA / nayacakra meM kramazaH ina vAdoM kI carcA hai-ajJAnavAda--usa prasaMga meM pratyakSa pramANa, satkAryavAda, asatkAryavAda, apauruSeyavAda, vidhivAda Adi kI carcA kI gaI hai, puruSAdvaitavAdaisa prasaMga meM satkAryavAda Adi kI carcA hai, niyativAda, kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, advatavAda, puruSaprakRtivAda, IzvaravAda, karmavAda, dravya aura kriyA kA tAdAtmya, dravya aura kriyA kA bheda, sattA, samavAya, apoha, zabdAdvaita, jJAnavAda, jAtivAda, avaktavyavAda, guNavAda, nirhetuka vikAsavAda aura sthitivAda / spaSTa hai ki isameM jaina kA apanA viziSTa koI mata nahIM hai kintu tatkAla ke sabhI vAdoM kA-mantavyoM kA sApekSa svIkAra eka nyAyAdhIza kI taTasthatA se kiyA gayA hai| syAdvAda kI yahI vizeSatA hai jise AcArya jinabhadra ke zabdoM meM kahA jAya to yaha hai"sarvanayamatAnyapyamUni pRthak parIttaviSayatvAd apramANam, etAnyeva saMhitAni jinamatam, antarbAhyanimittasAmagrImayatvAt, pramANaM ceti / " -vizeSA0 bhA0 1528 / arthAt sabhI nayoM-matoM kA samudAya hI jinamata hai| AcArya siddhasena ne to kahA thA ki jitane bhI vacana ke mArga haiM utane hI naya haiM-aura ve parasamaya haiM-(sanmati0 3-47) kintu jainadarzana to una parasamaya rUpa mithyAdarzanoM kA samUha hI hai (vahI 3-66) / unakI isI bAta ko AcArya jinabhadra ne isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai jAvaMto vayaNapahA tAvanto va NayA vi sddhaato| te ceva ya parasamayA sammattaM samuditA savve / / -vizeSA0 2736 jaba yahI naya-nAnA matavAda eka samUha-rUpa ho jAte haiM, ve samyaka haiM-yahI jainamata hai| ga hai tatparivarjanArthaM madhyamApratipad yadAtmanairAtmyayormadhye nirvikalpaM jJAnam / -madhyAntavibhAga-bhASya-pR0 174
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________________ zUnyavAda aura syAdvAda 266 bhAratIya darzana ke akhAr3e meM jainadarzana kA praveza derI se huaa| isakA phAyadA yaha huA ki jainAcArya nAnA matoM kI nirbalatA aura sabalatA ko dekha sake aura sabhI vAdoM kA samanvaya karane kA mArga unhoMne apnaayaa| yaha unakI kamajorI thI yA bhAratIya prajA kI bheda meM abheda kara lene kI mUla bhUta zakti kA pradarzana thA--yaha Apa saba mahAnubhAvoM ke vicAra kA viSaya hai| abhI to itanA saMketa dekara hI maiM apanA vaktavya samApta karatA huuN| 10 akhila bhAratIya darzana pariSad (18 vA~ adhivezana ahamadAbAda meM tA0 27-12-73 ko huA) kA udghATana bhASaNa / Ananda-vaca vyAkaraNa ke anusAra 'manas' zabda napuMsaka liMga hai| napuMsaka meM caMcalatA evaM vikalatA adhika hotI hai| 'mana' kI sthiti kI prAyaH aisI hI hai| dhruva 'tArA' sadA uttara dizA meM eka hI sthAna para sthira rahatA hai, vaha 'amaranakSatra' mAnA gayA hai| aisA kyoM ? zAyada isIlie ki vaha digbhrAMta yAtriyoM ko sadA niSkAmabhAva se dizAdarzana detA rahatA hai| jo paramArtha bhAva se mArgadarzana karatA hai, vaha amaratA kA varaNa avazya hI kregaa| baMgAla meM pATa (jUTa) adhika hotA hai, hajAroM lAkhoM loga pATa kA vyApAra karate haiM ; pATa kharIdate haiN| bAjAra meM pATa gIlA bhI AtA hai aura sukhA bhii| jo catura kharIdadAra hotA hai vaha kabhI gIlA pATa nahIM kharIdatA cAhe, kitanA hI sastA mile| vaha kahatA hai mujhe to sUkhA pATa cAhie tAki usakA sahIsahI vajana aura sahI kvAliTI kA patA cle| isI prakAra saMsAra meM jo tattva kA jAnakAra hotA hai, vaha kore sundara zabdoM ke rUpa meM bhIgA huA tattva nahIM pasaMda karatA hai, vaha sahI cIja dekhatA hai, tabhI vaha usakA sahI vajana aura sahI bhAva kA sahI mUlya cukA sakatA hai| 0 bAhara kI jhUThI miThAsa aura jhUThe saundarya se vastu kA mUlya bar3hatA nahIM, giratA hai| / vijJAna prayogoM kI baisAkhI para calatA hai, dharma anubhUtiyoM ke paroM para ur3atA hai| NRAamarAMAILORIABAJAJNARASISAMAJORAiedioJASGANGAARAMANASALAIMIMALAIMILARAanamaADAHRAIAILABADASAMANAR Niyamirrr