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________________ zrAvaka-AcAra kI prAsaGgikatA kA prazna gRhastha-varga kA uttaradAyitva yahA~ taka kaha diyA gayA hai ki cAhe sabhI sAmAnya gRhasthoM kI apekSA jaina dharma zramaNa-paramparA kA dharma hai| dUsare zabdoM meM vaha nivRttimArgI zramaNoM ko zreSTha mAna liyA jAye kintu kucha gRhastha aise bhI haiM, jo yA saMnyAsamArgI dharma hai| yaha bAta bhI nissaMkoca rUpa se svIkAra kI zramaNoM kI apekSA saMyama ke paripAlana meM zreSTha hote haiN| bAta spaSTa jA sakatI hai ki vaidika-paramparA ke viparIta isameM saMnyAsa ko hI aura sApha hai ki AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA sambandha na kevala veza se jIvana kA carama Adarza svIkAra kiyA gayA hai; kintu isa AdhAra hai aura na kevala AcAra ke bAhya niyama se| yadyapi samAja yA para yaha niSkarSa nikAla lenA ki jainadharma meM gRhastha yA upAsaka varga saMgha-vyavasthA kI dRSTi meM bAhya AcAra-niyamoM kA pAlana Avazyaka kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna nahIM hai, anucita hI hogaa| cAhe jainadharma ke prArambhika hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra (36/49) meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha bAta bhI svIkAra yuga meM saMnyAsa ko adhika mahattA milI ho, kintu Age calakara kara lI gayI hai ki gRhastha jIvana se bhI nirvANa ko prApta kiyA jA jaina-paramparA meM gRhastha dharma ko bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta ho gyaa| sakatA hai| isa sambandha meM marudevI aura bharata ke udAharaNa lokavizruta jaina dharma meM jo caturvidha saGgha vyavasthA huI usameM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke haiN| yadi gRhastha dharma se zrI parinirvANa yA mukti sambhava hai to isa sAtha hI sAtha zrAvakoM aura zrAvikAoM ko bhI sthAna diyA gyaa| mAtra vivAda kA koI adhika mUlya nahIM raha jAtA ki muni dharma aura gRhastha yahI nahIM, zrAvaka aura zrAvikAoM ko zramaNoM aura zramaNiyoM ke dharma meM sAdhanA kA kauna sA mArga zreSTha hai| vastuta: AdhyAtmika vikAsa mAtA-pitA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| dUsare zabdoM meM unheM ke kSetra meM zreSThatA aura nimnatA kA AdhAra AdhyAtmika jAgarUkatA, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA saMrakSaka mAna liyA gyaa| vaidika paramparA meM bhI apramattatA aura nirAkulatA hai, jisane apanI viSaya-vAsanAoM aura gRhastha Azrama ko sabhI AzramoM kA mUla batAyA gayA thaa| prakArAntara kaSAyoM para niyantraNa pA liyA hai, jisakA citta nirAkula aura zAnta se ise jaina paramparA meM gRhastha varga ko zramaNa varga kA saMrakSaka evaM ho gayA hai, jo apane kartavyapatha para pUrI ImAnadArI se cala rahA hai, AdhAra mAnakara svIkAra kara liyA gyaa| jaina paramparA meM gRhastha upAsaka phira cAhe vaha gRhastha ho yA muni, usakI AdhyAtmika zreSThatA meM koI na kevala isalie mahattvapUrNa thA ki vaha zramaNoM ke bhojana, sthAna Adi antara nahIM pdd'taa| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM na to veza mahattvapUrNa AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karatA thA apitu use zramaNa sAdhakoM ke cAritra hai aura na bAhya AcAra, apitu usameM mahattvapUrNa hai 'antarAtmA kI kA praharI bhI mAna liyA gyaa| kucha samaya pUrva taka zrAvaka varga kI nirmalatA aura vishuddhtaa'| anta:karaNa kI nirmalatA hI sAdhanA kA yaha mahattA akSuNNa thii| use yaha adhikAra prApta thA ki yadi koI mUlabhUta AdhAra hai| sAdhu yA sAdhvI zramaNa maryAdAoM kA samyakapeNa pAlana nahIM karatA hai to vaha unakA veza lekara unheM zramaNa saMgha se pRthak kara de| isI gRhastha dharma kI zreSThatA kA prazna prakAra muni evaM AryikA varga meM praveza ke lie bhI zrAvaka saMgha kI gRhasthadharma aura munidharma meM yadi sAdhanA kI dRSTi se hama zreSThatA anumati Avazyaka thii| kI bAta kareM to bhI vastuta: gRhastha jIvana hI adhika zreSTha pratIta vartamAna yuga meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AcAra meM jo zithilatA hotI hogaa| vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA ke lie saMnyAsa eka nirApada mArga hai, jA rahI hai, usakA ekamAtra kAraNa yahI hai ki gRhasthavarga muni AcAra kyoki gRhastha jIvana meM rahakara vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA karanA adhika se avagata na rahane ke kAraNa apane uparyukta kartavya ko bhUla gayA kaThina hai| kyoMki sAdhaka jIvana meM vighnoM se dUra rahakara nirdoSa caritra hai| Aja hameM isa bAta ko bahuta spaSTa rUpa se samajha lenA hogA ki kA pAlana karanA utanA kaThina nahIM hai, jitanA ki vighnoM ke bIca jainadharma aura saMskRti kI rakSA kA dAyitva munivarga kI apekSA gRhastha rahakara usakA pAlana krnaa| saMnyAsa mArga eka aisA mArga hai, jisameM varga para hI adhika hai aura yadi vaha apane isa dAyitva kI upekSA anAsakti yA vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA ke lie vighna-bAdhAoM kI sambhAvanA karegA, to apanI saMskRti evaM dharma kI surakSA karane meM asaphala rhegaa| kama hotI hai| saMnyAsamArga kI sAdhanA kaThora hote hue bhI susAdhya yaha to huA kevala samAja yA saMgha vyavasthA kI dRSTi se zrAvaka hai, jabaki gRhastha mArga kI sAdhanA vyAvahArika dRSTi se susAdhya pratIta varga kA mahattva evaM uttrdaayitv| kintu na kevala sAmAjika dRSTi se hote hue bhI duHsAdhya hai, kyoMki AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie jisa apitu AdhyAtmika evaM sAdhanAtmaka dRSTi se bhI gRhastha kA sthAna utanA anAsakta cetanA kI AvazyakatA hai, vaha saMnyasta jIvana meM sahaja prApta nimna nahIM hai, jitanA ki sAmAnyatayA mAna liyA jAtA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ho jAtI hai, usameM citta vicalana ke avasara atinyUna hote haiM, jaba (2/2/39) meM spaSTa rUpa se nirdeza hai ki 'Arambha no Arambha' ki gRhastha jIvana meM citta-vicalana ke avasara atyadhika haiN| giri-kandarA (gRhasthadharma) kA yaha sthAna bhI Arya hai tathA samasta duHkhoM kA anta meM rahakara brahmacarya kA pAlana utanA kaThina nahIM hai, jitanA ki nAriyoM karane vAlA mokSamArga hai| yaha jIvana bhI pUrNatayA samyak evaM sAdhu (sundariyoM) ke madhya rahakara unakA pAlana krnaa| premikA vezyA ke hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, uttarAdhyayanasUtra (5/20) meM to spaSTa rUpa se ghara meM cAturmAsa ke lie sthita hokara brahmacarya kI sAdhanA karane vAle
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________________ zrAvaka AcAra kI prAsaGgikatA kA prazna 323 sthUlabhadra ko una saikar3oM-hajAroM muniyoM kI apekSA adhika zreSTha samajhA jAne lagA hai ki dharma aura saMskRti kA saMrakSaNa tathA AdhyAtmika mAnA gayA, jo girikandarAoM meM rahakara munidharma kI sAdhanA kara rahe sAdhanA sabhI kucha sAdhuoM kA kAma hai| gRhastha to mAtra upAsaka hai, the| kyA vijaya seTha aura seThAnI kI brahmacarya kI kaThora sAdhanA kI usake kartavya kI itizrI sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko dAna dene taka hI hai| Aja tulanA kisI gRhastha jIvana kA parityAga karane vAle muni kI hameM isa bAta kA ahasAsa karanA hogA ki jaina dharma kI saMgha-vyavasthA brahmacarya sAdhanA se kI jA sakatI hai? rAga-dveSa, Asakti aura mamatva meM hamArA kyA aura kitanA garimAmaya sthAna hai? khATa ke cAra pAyoM ke prasaMgoM kI upasthiti gRhastha jIvana meM adhika hotI hai| una prasaMgoM meM agara eka caramarAtA aura TUTatA hai to dUsaroM kA astitva nirApada meM bhI jo apane ko nirAkula aura niyaMtrita rakha sakatA hai, vaha nahIM raha sktaa| yadi zrAvaka varga apane kartavyoM, dAyitvoM evaM apanI mahAn hai| garimA ko vismRta karatA hai to saMgha ke zeSa ghaTakoM kA astitva bhI saMnyAsa mArga meM to ina prasaMgoM kI upasthiti ke avasara hI atyalpa nirApada nahIM raha sktaa| Aja ke sAdhuvarga aura zrAvakavarga kI sthiti hote haiN| ata: saMnyAsa mArga nirApada aura sarala hai| gRhastha dharma se ko dekhakara yaha zera barabasa yAda A jAtA haiAdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ora jAne vAlA mArga phisalana bharA hai, jisameM hama to DUbeMge sanama, tumheM bhI le dduubeNge| kadama-kadama para sajagatA kI AvazyakatA hai| yadi sAdhaka eka kSaNa Aja vAstavika sthiti yaha hai ki hamArA zramaNa aura ke lie bhI vAsanA ke AvegoM meM nahIM saMbhalA to usakA patana ho zramaNI varga bhI zithilAcAra meM AkaNTha DUbatA jA rahA hai| yadi koI jAtA hai| vAsanAoM ke bavaNDara ke madhya rahate hue bhI unase aprabhAvita usake andara jhAMka kara dekhatA hai to usake andara rahI hayI rahanA sarala nahIM hai| ata: kaha sakate haiM ki gRhastha jIvana kI sAdhanA sar3AMdha se apanA mu~ha nafarata se phera letA hai| Aja jinheM hama Adarza muni jIvana kI sAdhanA kI apekSA adhika duHsAdhya hai aura jo aise aura vandanIya mAna rahe haiM, unake jIvana meM chala, chadma, durAgraha evaM sAdhanA-patha para calakara AdhyAtmika uccatA ko prApta karatA hai vaha ahaM ke poSaNa kI pravRttiyA~ aura vAsanAmaya jIvana ke prati lalaka muniyoM kI apekSA kaI gunA zreSTha hai| ko dekhakara mana pIr3A se bhara uThatA hai, kintu unake isa patana kA vastuta: gRhastha dharma kA pAlana isalie adhika duHsAdhya hai ki uttaradAyI dUsarA koI nahIM, zrAvaka varga hI hai| yA to hamane unheM isa usameM kAjala kI koTharI meM rahakara bhI apanI caritra rUpI cAdara ko patana ke mArga kI ora DhakelA hai yA phira kama se kama unake sahabhAgI bedAga rakhanA hotA hai| kAjala kI koTharI se bAhara rahakara to koI bane haiN| sAdhu-sAdhviyoM meM zithilAcAra hamAre prazraya se bar3hatA hai, yaha bhI caritra rUpI cAdara ko bedAga rakha sakatA hai, kintu koTharI meM rahate satya hai ki Aja zrAvaka, unameM bhI vizeSa rUpa se sampanna zrAvaka-varga hue use bedAga rakha pAnA adhika sajagatA aura AtmaniyantraNa kI apekSA dharma ke nAma para hone vAle bAhyADambaroM meM adhika ruci le rahA hairakhatA hai| phisalana bhare rAste meM calakara jo sAdhanA kI U~cAiyoM unakI aura unake tathAkathita guruoM donoM kI ruci dharma ke nAma para taka pahu~catA hai, usakI mahattA to kucha aura hai| saMsArarUpI aura apane-apane ahaM kA poSaNa karane kI hai| vahI sAdhu aura vahI zrAvaka vAsanArUpI kardama meM rahakara bhI kamalapatra ke samAna alipta rahanA nizcaya adhika pratiSThita hotA hai, jo jitanI bhIr3a ikaTThI karatA hai| jo majamA hI eka mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi hai| jamAne meM jitanA adhika kuzala hai, vahI utanA adhika pratiSThita hai| yadyapi mere yaha saba kahane kA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki maiM muni ina saba meM sAdhanA-priya sAdhu aura zrAvaka to kahIM ojhala ho gaye jIvana kI mahattA aura garimA ko nakAra rahA hU~, isa viSaya-vAsanArUpI haiN| maiM yaha saba jo kucha kaha rahA hU~ usakA kAraNa munivarga ke prati kAjala kI koTharI se nikalakara una para niyantraNa kara lenA bhI kama merI durbhAvanA nahIM hai, apitu usa yathArthatA ko dekhakara mana meM jo mahattvUparNa nahIM hai| muni jIvana kI apanI sAdhanAgata garimA aura mahattA eka pIr3A aura vyathA hai, usI kA prakaTana hai| bAlyakAla se lekara hai, use maiM asvIkAra nahIM krtaa| mere kahane kA tAtparya yahI hai ki jIvana kI isa praur3hAvasthA taka maiMne jaina muni saMgha ko ati nikaTa jo gRhastha jIvana meM rahakara bhI sAdhanA kI unhIM AdhyAtmika U~cAiyoM se dekhA aura parakhA hai evaM usa nikaTatA meM maiMne jo kucha anubhava ko chU letA hai, jise eka muni chUtA hai to vaha gRhastha muni se zreSTha kiyA hai, usI yathArthatA kI bAta kaha rahA huuN| ho sakatA hai ki isake hai| uttarAdhyayana meM gRhastha ko muni kI apekSA jo zreSTha kahA gayA kucha apavAda hoM, lekina sAmAnya sthiti yahI hai| jIvana kA doharApana hai, vaha isI apekSA se kahA gayA hai| Aja munivarga kA yathArtha banatA jA rahA hai, lekina isa sabake lie maiM apane ko aura apane sAtha hI gRhastha varga ko adhika uttaradAyI apanI asmitA ko pahacAne mAnatA huuN| gRhastha dharma kI isa mahattA ke pratipAdana kA ekamAtra uddezya yahI Aja gRhastha varga na kevala apane saMrakSaka hone ke dAyitva ko hai ki hama apane pada kI mahattA aura garimA ko smjheN| vartamAna saMdarbho bhUlA hai, apitu vaha svayaM apanI asmitA ko khokara cAritrika patana meM isa mahattA aura garimA kA pratipAdana isalie Avazyaka hai ki kI ora tejI se giratA jA rahA hai| jaba hama hI nahIM saMbhaleMge to Aja kA zrAvaka varga na kevala apane kartavyoM aura dAyitvoM ko bhUla dUsaroM ko saMbhAlane kI bAta kyA kreNge| Aja kA gRhastha varga jisa baiThA hai, apitu vaha apanI asmitA ko bhI kho baiThA hai| Aja aisA para jaina dharma aura saMskRti ke saMrakSaNa kA dAyitva hai, usakA jJAna
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________________ 324 aura AcAraNa donoM hI dizAoM meM tejI se patana huA hai| Aja hamArI sthiti yaha hai ki hameM na to zramaNa jIvana ke naitika aura AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kA bodha hai aura na hama gRhastha jIvana ke Avazyaka kartavyoM aura dAyitvoM ke sandarbha meM bhI koI jAnakArI rakhate haiN| Agama-jJAna to bahuta dUra kI bAta hai, hameM zrAvaka jIvana ke sAmAnya niyamoM kA bhI bodha nahIM hai| dUsarI ora jina sapta vyasanoM se bacanA zrAvaka jIvana kI sarvaprathama bhUmikA hai aura AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa hai aura jinake AdhAra para vaiyaktika, pArivArika aura sAmAjika sukha-zAnti nirbhara hai, ve durvyasana tejI se samAja meM praviSTa hote jA rahe haiM aura ve jitanI tejI se vyApta hote jA rahe haiM vaha hamAre dharma aura saMskRti ke astitva ke lie eka bahuta bar3A khatarA hai| jaina parivAroM meM praviSTa hotA huA madyapAna aura sAmiSa AhAra kyA hamArI sAMskRtika garimA ke mUla para hI prahAra nahIM hai? kisI bhI dharma aura saMskRti kA TikAva aura vikAsa usake jJAna aura caritra ke do pakSoM para nirbhara karatA hai, kintu Aja kA gRhastha varga ina donoM hI kSetroM meM tejI se patana kI ora bar3ha rahA hai| Aja sthiti yaha hai ki dharma kevala dikhAve meM raha gayA hai| vaha jIvana se samApta hotA jA rahA hai| kintu hameM yaha yAda rakhanA hogA ki dharma yadi jIvana meM nahIM bacegA to usakA bAhya kalevara bahuta adhika dinoM taka kAyama nahIM raha pAyegA / jisa prakAra zarIra se cetanA ke nikala jAne ke bAda zarIra sar3AMdha mArane lagatA hai, vahI sthiti Aja dharma kI ho rahI hai| kucha vyaktigata udAharaNoM ko chor3akara yadi sAmAnya rUpa se kahU~ to Aja cAhe vaha muni varga ho yA gRhastha varga, jIvana se dharma kI AtmA nikala cukI hai| hamAre pAsa kevala dharma kA kalevara zeSa bacA hai aura hama use Dho rahe haiN| yaha satya hai ki vigata kucha varSoM meM dharma ke nAma para zora-zarAbA bar3hA hai, bhIr3a adhika ikaTThI hone lagI hai, majameM jamane lage haiN| kintu mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki yaha saba dharma ke kalevara kI antyeSTi kI taiyArI se adhika kucha nahIM hai| sambhavataH aba hameM sAvadhAna ho jAnA cAhie, anyathA hama apane astitva ko kho cuke hoNge| jaisA ki maiMne pUrva meM kahA isa sabake lie antima rUpa se koI bhI uttaradAyI ThaharAyA jAyegA to vaha gRhastha varga hI hogA jainadharma meM gRhastha varga kI bhUmikA doharI hai vaha sAdhaka bhI hai aura sAdhakoM kA praharI bhI Aja jaba hama zrAvaka dharma kI prAsaMgikatA kI carcA karanA cAhate haiM to hameM pahale usa yathArtha kI bhUmikA ko dekha lenA hogA, jahA~ Aja kA zrAvaka varga jI rahA hai| zrAvaka jIvana ke jo Adarza aura niyama hamAre AcAryoM ne prastuta kiye haiM, unakI prAsaMgikatA to Aja bhI utanI hI hai; jitanI usa samaya thI, jabaki unakA nirmANa kiyA gayA hogaa| kyA sapta durvyasanoM ke tyAga, mArgAnusArI guNoM ke pAlana evaM zrAvaka ke aNuvrata, guNavata aura zikSAvratoM kI upayogitA aura prAsaMgikatA ko kabhI bhI nakArA jA sakatA hai? ve to mAnava jIvana ke zAzvata mUlya haiM, unake aprAsaMgika hone kA to koI prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai| jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa 6 samyagdarzana : gRhastha dharma kA pravezadvAra zrAvaka dharma kI bhUmikA ko prApta karane ke pUrva samyagdarzana kI prApti Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai| jaina paramparA meM samyagdarzana ke artha meM eka vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai| samyagdarzana kA prAthamika artha Agraha aura vyAmoha se rahate, yathArtha dRSTikoNa rahA hai, vaha yathArtha vItarAga jIvana dRSTi thaa| kAlAntara meM vaha jinapraNIta tattvoM ke prati nizcala zraddhA ke rUpa meM pracalita huaa| vartamAna sandarbhoM meM samyak darzana kA artha deva, guru aura dharma ke prati zraddhA hai sAmAnyatayA vItarAgI ko deva, nirgrantha muni ko guru aura ahiMsA ko dharma mAnane ko samyak darzana kahA gayA hai| yaha satya hai ki sAdhanA ke kSetra meM binA aTala zraddhA yA nizcala AsthA ke Age bar3hanA sambhava nahIM hai 'saMzayAtmA vinazyati' kI ukti satya hai| jaba taka sAdhaka meM zraddhA kA vikAsa nahIM hotA, taba taka vaha sAdhanA ke kSetra meM pragati nahIM kara sakatA, na kevala dharma ke kSetra meM zraddhA kI AvazyakatA hai apitu hamAre vyAvahArika jIvana meM bhI vaha Avazyaka hai| vaijJAnika gaveSaNA kA prArambha binA kisI parikalpanA (Hypothesis) kI svIkRti ke nahIM hotA hai| gaNita ke aneka savAloM ko hala karane ke lie prArambha meM hameM mAnakara hI calanA hotA hai koI bhI vyavasAyI binA isa bAta para AsthA rakhe ki grAhaka AyeMge aura mAla bikegA, apane vyavasAya kA prArambha nahIM kara sktaa| koI bhI pathika apane gantavya ko jAne vAle mArga ke prati AsthAvAn hue binA usa dizA meM koI gati nahIM krtaa| loka-jIvana aura sAdhanA sabhI kSetroM meM AsthA aura vizvAsa apekSita hai, kintu hameM AsthA (zraddhA) aura andhazraddhA meM bheda karanA hogA / jaina AcAryoM ne gRhasthopAsaka ke lie jisa samyak zraddhA kI AvazyakatA batAI, vaha viveka samanvita zraddhA hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne apane zrAvakAcAra meM dharma ke nAma para pracalita laukika mUr3hatAoM se bacane kA spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai kintu vartamAna sandarbhoM meM hamArA samyak darzana svayaM ina mUr3hatAoM se AkrAnta hotA jA rahA hai| Aja samyak darzana ko, jo ki eka Antarika AdhyAtmika anubhUti se phalita upalabdhi hai, lena-dena kI vastu banA diyA gayA hai| Aja hamAre tathAkathita guruoM ke dvArA samyaktva diyA aura liyA jA rahA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki "amuka guru kA samyaktva vosarA do (chor3a do) aura hamArA samyaktva grahaNa kara lo" yaha to satya hai ki gurujana sAdhaka ko deva, guru aura dharma kA yathArtha svarUpa batA sakate haiM, kintu samyaktva bhI koI aisI vastu nahIM hai, jise kisI ko diyA aura liyA jA sakatA hai| merI tuccha buddhi meM yaha bAta samajha meM nahIM AtI hai ki samyaktva kyA koI bAharI vastu hai, jise koI de yA le sakatA hai / samyaktva parivartana ke nAma para Aja jo sAmpradAyika gherAbandI kI jA hI hai, vaha mithyAtva ke poSaNa ke atirikta anya kucha nahIM hai| usake AdhAra para zrAvakoM meM darAra DAlI jA rahI hai aura logoM ke mana meM yaha bAta baiThAyI jA rahI hai ki hama hI kevala sacce guru haiM aura hama jo kaha rahe haiM. vaha vItarAga kI vANI hai| samyaktva ke - .
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________________ zrAvaka AcAra kI prAsaGgikatA kA prazna 325 yathArtha svarUpa se anabhijJa hama guruDamavAda ke daladala meM phaMsate cale nahIM hotA hai| zrAvaka dharma ke pAlana ke lie uparyukta caturvidha kaSAyoM para niyantraNa kI kSamatA kA vikAsa Avazyaka hai| jaba taka vyakti Aja vItarAgatA ke prati hamArI zraddhA kitanI jarjara ho cukI apane krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha-ina cAra kaSAyoM para kisI bhI prakAra hai, isakA pramANa yahI hai ki Aja sAmAnya munijanoM, AcAryoM se kA niyantraNa kara pAne meM akSama hotA hai, taba taka vaha zrAvaka dharma lekara gRhastha upAsaka taka sabhI laukika eSaNAoM kI pUrti ke lie kI sAdhanA nahIM kara sktaa| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kI pravRttiyoM vItarAga kI niSkAma bhakti ko bhUlakara tIrthaGkara yA devI-devatAoM kI para niyantraNa kara lene kI kSamatA kA vikasita ho jAnA hI zrAvaka sakAma-bhakti meM lage hue haiN| Aja vItarAga tIrthaGkara deva ke sthAna para dharma kI upalabdhi kA prathama caraNa hai| padmAvatI, cakrezvarI, bhaumiyA jI, ghaMTAkarNa mahAvIra aura nAkor3A bhairava vartamAna sandarbho meM ina cAroM azubha AvegoM ke niyantraNa kI adhika mahattvapUrNa ho gaye haiN| hamAre adhikAMza sAdhu-sAdhvI hI nahIM, upayogitA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jainAgamoM ke anusAra AcArya taka yakSoM aura deviyoM kI sAdhanA meM lage hue haiN| vItarAgatA krodha kA tattva pArasparika sauhArda (prIti) ko samApta karatA hai aura ke upAsaka isa dharma meM Aja yantra-mantra va jAdU-TonA sabhI kucha praviSTa sauhArda ke abhAva meM eka dUsare ke prati sandeha aura AzaMkA hotI hote jA rahe haiN| vItarAgatA ke sAdhaka kahe jAne vAle munijana bhI hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki sAmAjika jIvana meM pArasparika avizvAsa aura apanI camatkAra-zakti kA bar3e gaurava ke sAtha bakhAna karate haiN| jisa AzaMkAoM ke kAraNa asurakSA kA bhAva panapatA hai aura phalata: hameM dharma kI utpatti laukika mUr3hatAoM aura andha-zraddhAoM ko samApta karane apanI zakti kA bahuta kucha apavyaya karanA par3atA hai| Aja antarrASTrIya ke lie huI ho, vahI Aja andha-vizvAsoM meM AkaNTha DUbatA jA rahA kSetra meM jo zastra-saMgraha aura sainya-bala bar3hAne kI pravRtti parilakSita hai| hamArI AsthAe~ vItarAgatA ke sAtha na jur3akara laukika-eSaNAoM ho rahI hai aura jisa para adhikAMza rASTroM kI rASTrIya Aya kA 50 kI pUrti ke lie jur3a rahI haiN| Aja mahAvIra ke pAlane kI apekSA pratizata ke adhika vyaya ho rahA hai, vaha saba isa pArasparika avizvAsa lakSmI jI kA svapna mahaMgA bikatA hai| agara hamArI AsthAe~ dharma ke kA pariNAma hai| Aja dhArmika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM jo asahiSNutA nAma para laukika eSaNAoM kI pUrti taka hI sImita haiM, taba phira hamArA hai, usake mUla meM ghRNA, vidveSa evaM Akroza kA tattva hI hai| yaha vItarAga ke upAsaka hone kA dAvA karanA vyartha hai| Aja jaba hama ThIka hai ki vyakti jaba taka parivAra, samAja evaM rASTra se jur3A hai, gRhastha dharma kI prAsaMgikatA kI carcA karanA cAhate haiM, hameM isa yathArtha usameM kisI sImA taka krodha yA Akroza honA Avazyaka hai, anyathA sthiti ko samajha lenA hogaa| jIvana meM yA sAdhanA ke kSetra meM samyak usakA astitva hI khatare meM hogA, kintu use niyantraNa meM honA cAhiye zraddhA kI kitanI AvazyakatA hai? yaha nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hai, aura aparihArya sthiti meM hI usakA prakaTana honA caahiye| kintu zraddhA ke nAma para andhavizvAsoM kA jo eka duzcakra hama para hAvI hamAre pArasparika sAmAjika sambandhoM meM darAra kA dUsarA mahattvapUrNa hotA jA rahA hai, usase kaise bacA jAya? yahI Aja kA mahattvapUrNa kAraNa vyakti kA ahaMkAra yA ghamaNDa hai| eka gRhastha ke lie yaha prazna hai| vastuta: isa sabakA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki Aja zrAvaka varga Avazyaka hai ki vaha apanI asmitA evaM svAbhimAna kA bodha rakhe, ko dharma ke yathArtha svarUpa kA koI bodha nahIM raha gayA hai| hamArI zraddhA kintu use apane ahaMkAra para niyantraNa rakhanA Avazyaka hai| samAja samajhapUrvaka sthira nahIM ho rahI hai, zraddhA kA tattva vyakti kA AdhyAtmika meM jo vighaTana yA TUTana paidA hotI hai, usakA mukhya kAraNa samAja vikAsa kara sakatA hai, lekina vaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba zraddhA jJAnasammata ke karNadhAroM, phira cAhe ve gRhastha hoM yA muni, kA ahaMkAra hI hai| ho aura hamArI viveka kI AMkheM khulI hoN| Aja hama usa ukta ko ahaMkAra pArasparika vinaya evaM sammAna meM bhI bAdhaka hotA hai| isase bhUla gaye haiM, jisameM kahA gayA hai ki 'paNNA samikkhae dhammo' arthAt dUsaroM ke ahaM para coTa pahu~catI hai aura usake pariNAma svarUpa sAmAjika dharma ke svarUpa kI prajJA ke dvArA samIkSA kro| sambandhoM meM darAra par3ane lagatI hai| ahaMkAra para coTa lagate hI vyakti apanA alaga akhAr3A jamA letA hai, jisake pariNAma svarUpa dhArmika kaSAya-jaya : gRhastha dharma kI sAdhanA kI AdhAra- bhUmi evaM sAmpradAyika saMgharSa hote haiN| sabhI sAmpradAyika abhinivezoM ke zrAvaka dharma aura usakI prAsaMgikatA kI carcA karate samaya hameM pIche kucha vyaktiyoM ke apane ahaM ke poSaNa kI bhAvanA ke atirikta zrAvaka-AcAra ke mUlabhUta niyamoM kI vartamAna yuga meM kyA upayogitA anya koI kAraNa nahIM hai| kapaTa-vRtti yA doharA-jIvana vartamAna hai? isa para vicAra kara lenA hogaa| jaina dharma ke anusAra zrAvakatva sAmAjika jIvana kA eka sabase bar3A abhizApa hai| jhUThe ahaM ke poSaNa kI bhUmikA ko prApta karane ke lie sarva prathama vyakti ko krodha, mAna, ke nimitta athavA apane vyaktigata svArthoM ke sAdhane ke lie jo chala-chadma mAyA aura lobha-ina cAra kaSAyoM kI atitIvra, aniyantrita, niyantrita sAmAjika jIvana meM bar3ha rahe haiM, unakA mUlabhUta kAraNa kapaTa-vRtti (mAyA) aura atyalpa ina cAra avasthAoM meM se prathama do avasthAoM para hI hai| vijaya-prApti aparihArya mAnA gayA hai| sAdhaka jaba taka apane krodha, isa prakAra aniyantrita lobha saMgraha-vRtti kA vikAsa karatA hai mAna, mAyA aura lobha para niyantraNa rakhane kI kSamatA ko vikasita aura usake kAraNa zoSaNa panapatA hai aura pariNAma svarUpa samAja meM nahIM kara letA, taba taka zrAvakatva kI bhUmikA ko prApta karane yogaya garIba aura amIra kI khAI bar3hatI jAtI hai| pU~jIpati aura zramikoM
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________________ 326 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 meM madhya hone vAlA varga-saMgharSa isI lobhavRtti yA saMgraha vRtti kA pariNAma 1. dyUta-krIr3A (juA), 2. mAMsAhAra, 3. madyapAna,4. vezyAgamana, hai| Aja jaina samAja meM aparigraha kI avadhAraNA kA koI artha hI 5. parastrIgamana, 6. zikAra aura. 7. caury-krm| nahIM raha gayA hai| use kevala muniyoM ke sandarbha meM hI samajhA jAne uparyukta sapta durvyasanoM ke sevana se vyakti kA kitanA cAritrika lagA hai| jaina dharma meM gRhasthopAsaka ke lie dhanArjana kA niSedha nahIM patana hotA hai, ise hara koI jAnatA hai| kiyA gayA, para yaha avazya kahA gayA hai ki vyakti ko eka sImA 1. dhUta-krIr3A-vartamAna yuga meM saTTA, lATarI Adi dyUta-krIr3A se adhika saMcaya nahIM karanA caahie| usakI saMcayavRtti yA lobha para ke vividha rUpa pracalita ho gaye haiN| inake kAraNa aneka parivAroM kA niyantraNa honA caahie| Aja samAja meM jo Arthika vaiSamya bar3hatA jA jIvana saMkaTa meM par3a jAtA hai| ata: isa durvyasana ke tyAga ko kauna rahA hai, usake pIche aniyantrita lobha yA saMgraha-vRtti hI mukhya hai| aprAsaMgika kaha sakatA hai| dyUta-krIr3A ke tyAga kI prAsaMgikatA ke yadi dhanArjana ke sAtha hI vyakti kI apane bhoga kI vRtti para akuMza sambandha meM koI bhI vivekazIla manuSya do mata nahIM ho sktaa| vastuta: hotA hai aura saMgraha-vRtti kA parisImana hotA hai, to vaha arjita dhana vartamAna yuga meM ghUta-krIr3A ke jo vividha rUpa hamAre sAmane ubhara kara kA pravAha loka-maMgala ke kAryoM meM bahatA hai, jisase sAmAjika Aye haiM, unakA AdhAra kevala manoraMjana nahIM hai, apitu usake pIche sauhArda aura sahayoga bar3hatA hai tathA dhanavAnoM ke prati abhAvagrastoM ke binA kisI zrama ke arthopArjana kI duSpravRtti hai| saTTe ke vyavasAya mana meM sadbhAva utpanna hotA hai| jaina dharma ke itihAsa meM aise aneka kA praveza jaina parivAroM meM sarvAdhika huA hai| vyakti jaba isa prakAra zrAvaka ratnoM ke udAharaNa haiM, jinhoMne apanI samagra sampatti ko ke dhandhe meM apane ko niyojita kara letA hai, to zramapUrvaka arthopArjana samAja-hita meM samarpita kara dI, Aja usI Adarza ke punarjAgaraNa kI ke prati usakI niSThA samApta ho jAtI hai| aisI sthiti meM corI, ThagI AvazyakatA hai| Adi dUsarI burAiyA~ panapatI haiN| Aja isake prakaTa-aprakaTa vividha saMkSepa meM sAmAjika jIvana meM jo bhI viSamatA aura saMgharSa vartamAna rUpa hamAre samakSa A rahe haiN| unase satarka rahanA Avazyaka hai, anyathA meM haiM, una sabake pIche kahIM na kahIM aniyantrita Aveza, ahaMkAra, hamArI bhAvI pIr3hI meM zramapUrvaka arthopArjana kI niSThA samApta ho jaavegii| chala-chadma (kapaTa-vRtti) tathA saMgraha-vRtti hai| inhIM aniyantrita kaSAyoM yadyapi isa durguNa kA prArambha eka manoraMjana ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM hotA ke kAraNa sAmAjika jIvana meM viSamatA aura azAnti utpanna hotI hai, kintu Age calakara yaha bhayaMkara pariNAma upasthita karatA hai| jaina hai| Aveza yA aniyantrita krodha ke kAraNa pArasparika saMgharSa, AkramaNa, samAja ke sampanna parivAroM meM aura vivAha Adi ke prasaMgoM para isakA yuddha evaM hatyAe~ hotI haiN| AvezapUrNa vyavahAra dUsaroM ke mana meM avizvAsa jo pracalana bar3hatA jA rahA hai, usake prati hameM eka sajaga dRSTi rakhanI utpanna karatA hai| aura phalata: sAmAnya jIvana meM jo sauhArda honA cAhie, hAgI, anyathA isake duSpariNAmoM ko bhugatanA hogA; Aja kA yuvAvarga vaha bhaMga ho jAtA hai| varga yA ahaMkAra kI manovRtti ke kAraNa U~ca-nIca jo ina pravRttiyoM meM adhika rasa letA hai, isake duSpariNAmoM ko jAnate kA bheda-bhAva, pArasparika-ghRNA aura vidveSa panapate haiN| sAmAjika jIvana hue bhI apanI bhAvI pIr3hI ko isase roka pAne meM asaphala rhegaa| meM jo darAreM utpanna hotI haiM, unakA AdhAra ahaMkAra hI hotA hai| mAyA 2. mAMsAhAra-vizva meM yadi zAkAhAra kA pUrNa samarthaka koI yA kapaTa kI manovRtti bhI jIvana ko chala-chadma se yukta banAtI hai| dharma hai, to vaha mAtra jaina-dharma hai| jainadharma meM gRhasthopAsaka ke lie isase jIvana meM doharApana AtA hai tathA anta:-bAhya kI ekarUpatA mAMsAhAra sarvathA tyAjya mAnA gayA hai| kintu Aja samAja meM mAMsAhAra samApta ho jAtI hai| phalata: mAnasika evaM samAjika zAMti bhaMga hotI ke prati eka lalaka bar3hatI jA rahI hai aura aneka jaina parivAroM meM hai| saMgraha kI manovRtti ke kAraNa zoSaNa aura vyAvasAyika jIvana meM usakA praveza ho gayA hai| ata: isakI prAsaMgikatA para carcA karanA apramANikatA phalita hotI hai| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki ati Avazyaka hai| zrAvaka-jIvana meM kaSAya-catuSTaya para jo niyantraNa lagAne kI bAta kahI mAMsAhAra ke niSedha ke pIche mAtra hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA prazna gaI hai, vaha sauhArda evaM sAmaJjasyapUrNa jIvana evaM mAnasika tathA sAmAjika hI nahIM, apitu anya dUsare bhI kAraNa haiN| yaha satya hai ki mAMsa kA zAnti ke liye Avazyaka hai| usakI prAsaMgikatA kabhI bhI nakArI utpAdana binA hiMsA ke sambhava nahIM hai aura hiMsA krUratA ke binA sambhava nahIM jA sakatI hai| nahIM hai| yaha sahI hai ki mAnavIya AhAra ke anya sAdhanoM meM bhI kisI sImA taka hiMsA jur3I huI hai, kintu mAMsAhAra ke nimitta jo hiMsA sapta durvyasana-tyAga aura usakI prAsaMgikatA yA vadha kiyA jAtA hai, usake lie vadha-kartA kA adhika krUra honA sapta durvyasanoM kA tyAga gRhastha-dharma kI sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa anivArya hai| krUratA ke kAraNa dayA, karuNA, AtmIyatA jaise komala hai| unake tyAga ko gRhastha-AcAra ke prAthamika niyama yA mUla guNoM guNoM kA hrAsa hotA hai aura samAja meM bhaya, AtaMka evaM hiMsA kA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 'vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra' meM sapta tANDava prArambha ho jAtA haiN| yaha anubhUta satya hai ki ve sabhI deza durvyasanoM ke tyAga kA vidhAna kiyA hai| Aja bhI durvyasana-tyAga evaM kaumeM, jo mAMsAhArI haiM aura hiMsA jinake dharma kA eka aMga mAna gRhastha-dharma kA prAthamika evaM anivArya caraNa mAnA jAtA hai| sapta liyA gayA hai, unameM hone vAle hiMsaka-tANDava ko dekhakara Aja bhI durvyasana nimna hai dila dahala uThatA hai| muslima rASTroM meM Aja manuSya ke jIvana kA
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________________ zrAvaka AcAra kI prAsaGgikatA kA prazna 327 mUlya gAjara aura mUlI se adhika nahIM raha gayA hai| kevala vyaktigata ne to isa duSpravRtti ko rokane ke lie apane paMcazIloM meM aparigraha hitoM ke lie hI dharma aura rAjanIti ke nAma para vahA~ jo kucha ho ke sthAna para madyapAna-niSedha ko sthAna diyA thaa| yaha eka aisI burAI rahA hai, vaha hama sabhI jAnate haiN| yadi hama yaha mAnate haiM ki mAnava-jIvana hai, jo mAnava samAja ke garIba aura amIra donoM hI vargoM meM hAvI se krUratA samApta ho aura komala guNoM kA vikAsa ho, to hameM una hai| jaina paramparA meM madyapAna kA niSedha na kevala isalie kiyA gayA kAraNoM ko bhI dUra karanA hogA, jinase jIvana meM krUratA AtI hai| ki vaha hiMsA se utpAdita hai, apitu isalie ki isase mAnavIya mAMsAhAra aura krUratA paryAyavAcI haiN| yadi dayA, karuNA, vAtsalya kA viveka kuNThita hotA hai aura jaba mAnavIya viveka hI kuNThita ho jAegA vikAsa karanA hai, to mAMsAhAra kA tyAga apekSita hai| to dUsarI sArI burAiyA~ vyakti ke jIvana meM svAbhAvika rUpa se praviSTa dUsare, mAMsAhAra kI nirarthakatA ko mAnava-zarIra kI saMracanA ke ho jaaveNgii| Arthika aura cAritrika sabhI prakAra ke durAcaraNoM ke mUla AdhAra para bhI siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| mAnava-zarIra kI saMracanA meM nazIle padArthoM kA sevana hai| sAmAnyatayA yaha kahA jA sakatA hai use nirAmiSa prANI hI siddha karatI hai| mAMsAhAra mAnava-svAsthya ke ki mAdaka dravyoM ke sevana se manuSya apanI mAnasika cintAoM ko lie kitanA hAnikAraka hai, yaha bAta aneka vaijJAnika anusandhAnoM bhUla kara apane tanAvoM ko kama karatA hai, kintu yaha eka bhrAnta dhAraNA se pramANita ho cukA hai| isa laghu nibandha meM usa sabakI carcA kara hI hai| tanAva ke kAraNa jIvita rakhakara kevala kSaNa bhara ke lie apane pAnA to sambhava nahIM hai, kintu yaha eka sunizcita tathya hai ki mAMsAhAra viveka ko kho kara vismRti ke kSaNoM meM jAnA, tanAvoM ke nirAkaraNa zarIrika svAsthya ke lie hAnikAraka hai aura manuSya svabhAvata: eka evaM parimArjana kA sArthaka upAya nahIM hai| madyapAna ko sabhI durguNoM zAkAhArI prANI hai| kA dvAra kahA gayA hai| vastuta: usakI samasta burAiyoM para vicAra karane mAMsAhAra ke samarthana meM sabase bar3A tarka yaha diyA jAtA hai ki ke lie eka svatantra nibandha Avazyaka hogaa| yahAM kevala itanA kahanA bar3hatI huI mAnava-jAti kI AbAdI ko dekhate hue bhaviSya meM mAMsAhAra hI paryApta hai ki sArI burAIyA~ viveka ke kuNThita hone para panapatI ke atirikta anya koI vikalpa zeSa nahIM rahegA, jisase mAnava jAti haiM aura madyamAna viveka ko kuNThita karatA hai| ata: manuSya ke mAnavIya kI kSudhA ko zAnta kiyA jA ske| kintu usake viparIta kRSi ke guNoM ko jIvita rakhane ke lie isakA tyAga Avazyaka hai| kSetra meM bhI aise aneka vaijJAnika prayoga hue haiM aura ho rahe haiM jo spaSTa manuSya aura pazu ke bIca yadi koI vibhAjaka rekhA hai| to vaha rUpa se yaha pratipAdita karate haiM ki manuSya ko abhI zatAbdiyoM taka viveka hI hai| aura jaba viveka hI samApta ho jAyegA to manuSya aura nirAmiSa bhojI banAkara jilAyA jA sakatA hai| aneka Arthika sarvekSaNoM pazu meM koI antara hI nahIM raha jaaegaa| mAdaka dravyoM kA sevana manuSya meM yaha bhI pramANita ho cukA hai ki zAkAhAra mAMsAhAra kI apekSA ko mAnavIya stara se girAkara use pAzavika stara para pahu~cA detA hai| adhika sulabha aura sastA hai| ata: manuSya kI svAda-lolupatA ke yaha bhI eka suvidita tathya hai ki jaba yaha durvyasana gale laga jAtA atirikta aura koI tarka aisA nahIM hai, jo mAMsAhAra kA samarthaka ho hai to apanI ati para pahu~cAe binA samApta nahIM hotaa| vaha na kevala ske| zaktidAyaka AhAra ke rUpa meM mAMsAhAra ke samarthana kA eka khokhalA viveka ko hI samApta karatA hai apitu Arthika aura zArIrika dRSTi dAvA hai| yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki mAMsAhAriyoM kI apekSA zAkAhArI se vyakti ko jarjara banA detA hai| Aja jaina samAja ke sampanna parivAroM adhika zakti-sampanna hote haiM aura unameM adhika kAma karane kI kSamatA meM yaha durvyasana bhI praveza kara cukA hai| maiM aise aneka parivAroM ko hotI hai| zera Adi mAMsAhArI prANI zAkAhArI prANiyoM para jo vijaya jAnatA hU~ jo dharma ke kSetra meM agraNI zrAvaka mAne jAte haiM kintu isa prApta kara lete haiM, usakA kAraNa unakI zakti nahIM balki unake nakha, durvyasana se mukta nahIM haiN| Aja hameM isa prazna para gambhIratA se vicAra dAMta Adi krUra zArIrika aGga hI haiN| karanA hogA ki samAja ko isase kisa prakAra bacAyA jaae| jaina samAja jaina samAja ke lie Aja yaha vicAraNIya prazna hai ki vaha samAja ne jo cAritrika garimA, Arthika sampannatA tathA samAja meM pratiSThA arjita meM bar3hatI jA rahI sAmiSa-bhojana kI lalaka ko kaise rokeM? Aja kI thI usakA mUlabhUta AdhAra ina durvyasanoM se mukta rahanA hI thaa| AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki hameM mAMsAhAra aura zAkAhAra ke guNa-doSoM ina durvyasanoM ke praveza ke sAtha hamArI cAritrika uccatA aura sAmAjika kI samIkSA karate hue tulanAtmaka vivaraNa se yukta aisA sAhitya prakAzita pratiSThA dhIre-dhIre samApta hotI jA rahI hai| aura taba eka dina aisA karanA hogA, jo Aja ke yuvaka ko tarka-saMgata rUpa se yaha ahasAsa bhI AegA jaba hama apanI Arthika sampannatA se hAtha dho baittheNge| yadi karavA sake ki mAMsAhAra kI apekSA zAkAhAra eka upayukta bhojana hai| hama sajaga nahIM hue to bhaviSya hameM kSamA nahIM kregaa| dUsare samAja meM jo mAMsAhAra ke prati lalaka bar3hatI jA rahI hai, usakA 4. vezyAgamana-zrAvaka ke sapta durvyasana-tyAga ke antargata kAraNa samAja-niyantraNa kA abhAva tathA mAMsAhArI samAja meM bar3hatA vezyAgamana ke tyAga kA bhI vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| yaha sunizcita satya huA ghaniSTha paricaya hai, jisa para kisI sImA taka aMkuza lagAnA hai ki vezyAgamana na kevala sAmAjika dRSTi se AvAMchanIya hai, apitu Avazyaka hai| Arthika evaM zArIrika-svAsthya kI dRSTi se bhI avAMchanIya mAnA gayA 3. madyapAna- tIsarA durvyasana madyapAna mAnA gayA hai aura hai| usake anaucitya para yahA~ koI vizeSa carcA karanA Avazyaka pratIta gRhasthopAsaka ko isake tyAga kA spaSTa nirdeza diyA gayA hai| buddha nahIM hotii| sAmAjika sadAcAra aura pArivArika sukha-zAnti ke lie
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________________ 328 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 vezyAgamana kA tyAga ucita hI hai| yaha eka zubha saMketa hI hai ki haiM kintu jainAcAryoM ne isakI jo sUkSma vyAkhyA kI hai, usa AdhAra na kevala jaina samAja meM apitu samagra bhAratIya samAja meM vezyAgamana para Aja kA gRhastha varga isa durvyasana se kitanA mukta hai, yaha kahanA kI pravRtti aura vezyAvRtti dhIre-dhIre kSINa hotI jA rahI hai| yadyapi kaThina hai| vyAvasAyika apramANikatA aura kara-apavaMcana Aja sAmAnya isa pravRtti ke jo dUsare rUpa sAmane A rahe haiM ve usakI apekSA adhika ho gaye haiN| vyAvasAyika apramANikatA ke isa yuga meM isakI prAsaMgikatA cintanIya haiM, yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki cAhe khule rUpa ko nakArA to nahIM jA sakatA kintu vartamAna yuga meM kauna isase kitanA meM vezyAvRtti para kucha aMkuza lagA ho, kintu chadmarUpa meM yaha pravRtti baca sakegA, isa para vyAvahArika dRSTi se vicAra karanA apekSita hai| bar3hI hI hai| jaina samAja ke sampanna varga meM ina chadma rUpoM ke prati lalaka bar3hatI jA rahI hai, jisa para aMkuza lagAnA Avazyaka hai| gRhastha-jIvana kI vyAvahArika nIti 5. parastrIgamana-parastrIgamana parivAra evaM samAja vyavasthA kA gRhastha-jIvana meM kaise jInA cAhie? isa sambandha meM thor3A nirdeza ghAtaka hai, isake pariNAma svarUpa na kevala eka hI parivAra kA pArivArika Avazyaka hai| gRhastha upAsaka kA vyAvahArika jIvana kaisA ho, isa jIvana dRSita evaM azAnta banatA hai, apitu aneka parivAroM ke jIvana sambandha meM jaina AgamoM meM yatra-tatra bikhare hue kucha nirdeza mila jAte azAnta bana jAte haiN| vezyAvRtti kI apekSA yaha adhika doSapUrNa hai| haiN| lekina bAda ke jaina vicArakoM ne kathA-sAhitya, upadeza-sAhitya kyoMki isameM chala-chadma aura jIvana kA doharApana bhI jur3a jAtA hai| evaM AcAra-sambandhI sAhitya meM isa sandarbha meM eka nizcita rUpa rekhA ata: sAmAjika dRSTi se yaha bahuta bar3A aparAdha hai| Aja kAmavAsanA prastuta kI hai| yaha eka svatantra zodha kA viSaya hai| hama apane vivecana kI tRpti kA yaha chadma rUpa adhika phailatA jA rahA hai| pAzcAtya dezoM ko AcArya nemicandra ke pravacanasAroddhAra, AcArya hemacandra ke yogazAstra kI vAsanAtmaka ucchaMkhalatA kA prabhAva hamAre deza meM bhI huA hai| klaboM tathA paM0 AzAdharajI ke sAgAradharmAmRta taka hI sImita rkheNge| aura hoTaloM ke mAdhyama se yaha vikRti adhika tejI se vyApta hotI sabhI vicArakoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki jo vyakti jIvana ke sAmAnya jA rahI hai| jaina samAja kA bhI kucha sampanna evaM dhanI varga isakI girafta vyavahAroM meM kuzala nahIM hai, vaha AdhyAtmika jIvana kI sAdhanA meM meM Ane lagA hai| yadyapi abhI samAja kA bahuta bar3A bhAga isa durguNa Age nahIM bar3ha sktaa| dhArmika yA AdhyAtmika hone ke lie vyAvahArika se mukta hai kintu dhIre-dhIre phaila rahI vikRti ke prati sajaga honA yA sAmAjika honA pahalI zarta hai| vyavahAra se hI paramArtha sAdhA jA Avazyaka hai| sakatA hai| dharma kI pratiSThA ke pahale jIvana meM vyavahArapaTutA evaM 6.zikAra-manoraMjana ke nimitta athavA mAMsAhAra ke lie jaMgala sAmAjika jIvana jIne kI kalA kA AnA Avazyaka hai| jainAcAryoM ke prANiyoM kA vadha karanA zikAra kahA jAtA hai| yaha vyakti ko krUra ne isa tathya ko bahuta pahale hI samajha liyA thaa| ata: aNuvrata-sAdhanA banAtA hai| yadi manuSya ko mAnavIya komala guNoM se yukta banAye rakhanA ke pUrva hI ina yogyatAoM kA sampAdana Avazyaka hai| hai to isa vRtti kA tyAga apekSita hai| Aja zAsana dvArA bhI vanya AcArya hemacandra ne inheM "mArgAnusArI" guNa kahA hai| dharma-mArga prANiyoM ke saMrakSaNa ke lie zikAra kI pravRtti para aMkuza lagAyA kA anusAraNa karane ke lie ina guNoM kA honA Avazyaka hai| unhoMne jA rahA hai| ataH isa pravRtti ke tyAga kA aucitya nirvivAda hai| Aja yogazAstra ke dvitIya evaM tRtIya prakAza meM nimna 35 mArgAnusArI guNoM hama isa bAta ko gaurava se kaha sakate haiM ki jaina samAja isa durguNa kA vivecana kiyA hai:-(1) nyAya-nItipUrvaka hI dhanopArjana krnaa| se mukta hai, kintu Aja saundarya-prasAdhanoM, jinakA upabhoga samAja meM (2) samAja meM jo jJAnavRddha aura vayovRddha ziSTa-jana haiM, unakA yathocita dhIre-dhIre bar3hatA jA rahA hai, isa nimitta avyakta rUpa se ho rahI hiMsA sammAna karanA, unase zikSA grahaNa karanA aura unake AcAra kI prazaMsA ke prati sajaga rahanA Avazyaka hai| kyoMki unakA utpAdana upabhoktAoM krnaa| (3) samAna kula aura AcAra-vicAra vAle, svadharmI kintu bhinna ke nimitta hI hotA hai aura yadi hama unakA upabhoga karate haiM to usa gotrotpanna janoM kI kanyA ke sAtha vivAha krnaa| (4) corI, parastrIgamana, hiMsA evaM krUratA se apane ko bacA nahIM sakate haiN| saundarya prasAdhanoM asatyabhASaNa Adi pApakarmoM kA aihika-pAralaukika kaTuka-vipAka ke nirmANa evaM parIkSaNa ke nimitta hiMsA ke jo krUratama rUpa apanAe jAnakara, pApAcAra kA tyAga krnaa| (5) apane deza ke kalyANakArI jAte haiM ve jaina patra-patrikAoM meM bahucarcita rahe haiN| ata: una saba para AcAra-vicAra evaM saMskRti kA pAlana karanA tathA saMrakSaNa krnaa| (6) yahAM vicAra karanA Avazyaka pratIta nahIM hotaa| kintu isa sandarbha meM dUsaroM kI nindA na krnaa| (7) aise makAna meM nivAsa karanA jo na hameM sajaga avazya rahanA cAhie ki hama krUratA ke bhAgI na bneN| adhika khulA aura na adhika gupta ho, jo surakSA vAlA bhI ho aura 7. caurya-karma-dUsaroM kI sampatti yA dUsaroM ke adhikAra kI jisameM avyAhata vAyu evaM prakAza A ske| (8) sadAcArI janoM kI vastuoM ko unakI binA anumati ke grahaNa karanA corI hai| apanI saMgati krnaa| (9) mAtA-pitA kA sammAna-satkAra karanA, unheM saba AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha aura saMcaya ko bhI corI kahA jA sakatA prakAra se santuSTa rkhnaa| (10) jahA~ vAtAvaraNa zAntiprada na ho, jahA~ hai| jainAcAryoM ne vyAvasAyika apramANikatA kara apravaMcana tathA rASTrIya nirAkulatA ke sAtha jIvana-yApana karanA kaThina ho, aise grAma yA nagara hitoM ke viruddha kArya karanA Adi ko bhI corI ke antargata mAnA meM nivAsa na krnaa| (11) deza, jAti evaM kula se viruddha kArya hai| yadyapi sAmAnyatayA jaina parivAra isa durvyasana se mukta kahe jA sakate na karanA, jaise madirApAna aadi| (12) deza aura kAla ke anusAra
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________________ zrAvaka AcAra kI prAsaGgikatA kA prazna 329 vastrAbhUSaNa dhAraNa krnaa| (13) Aya se adhika vyaya na karanA aura (paropakArI) aura (21) labdhalakSya (jIvana ke sAdhya kA jnyaataa)| ayogya kSetra meM vyaya na krnaa| Aya ke anusAra vastra phnnaa| (14) paM0 AzAdhara jI ne apane graMtha sAgAra-dharmAmRta meM nimna guNoM dharmazravaNa kI icchA rakhanA, avasara milane para zravaNa karanA, zAstroM kA nirdeza kiyA hai: (1) nyAyapUrvaka dhana kA arjana karane vAlA, kA adhyayana karanA, unheM smRti meM rakhanA, jijJAsA se prerita hokara (2) guNIjanoM ko mAnanevAlA, (3) satyabhASI, (4) dharma, artha aura zAstracarcA karanA, viruddha artha se bacanA, vastusvarUpa kA parijJAna prApata kAma (trivarga) kA paraspara virodharahita sevana karanevAlA, (5) yogya karanA aura tattvajJa bananA buddhi ke ina ATha guNoM ko prApta krnaa| strI, (6) yogya sthAna (mohallA), (7) yogya makAna se yukta, (8) (15) dharmazravaNa karake jIvana ko uttarottara ucca aura pavitra bnaanaa| lajjAzIla, (9) yogya AhAra, (10) yogya AcaraNa, (11) zreSTha (16) ajIrNa hone para bhojana na karanA, yaha svAsthyarakSA kA mUla puruSoM kI saMgati, (12) buddhimAn, (13) kRtajJa, (14) jitendriya, mantra hai| (17) samaya para pramANopeta bhojana karanA, svAda ke vazIbhUta (15) dharmopadeza zravaNa karane vAlA, (16) dayAlu, (17) pApoM se ho adhika na khaanaa| (18) dharma, artha aura kAma puruSArtha kA isa Darane vAlA-aisA vyakti sAgAradharma (gRhastha dharma) kA AcaraNa kre| prakAra sevana karanA ki jisase kisI meM bAdhA utpanna na ho| dhanopArjana paM0 AzAdhara jI ne jina guNoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai unameM se adhikAMza ke binA gRhasthAzrama cala nahIM sakatA aura gRhastha kAma-puruSArtha kA kA nirdeza donoM pUrvavartI AcAryoM ke dvArA kiyA jA cukA hai| bhI sarvathA tyAgI nahIM ho sakatA, tathApi dharma ko bAdhA pahu~cA kara uparyukta vivecanA se jo bAta adhika spaSTa hotI hai, vaha yaha artha-kAma kA sevana na karanA caahie| (19) atithi, sAdhu aura dIna hai ki jaina AcAra-darzana manuSya jIvana ke vyAvahArika pakSa kI upekSA janoM ko yathAyogya dAna denaa| (20) AgrahazIla na honaa| (21) karake nahIM cltaa| jainAcAryoM ne jIvana ke vyAvahArika pakSa ko gaharAI saujanya, audArya, dAkSiNya Adi guNoM ko prApta karane ke lie se parakhA hai aura use itanA susaMskRta banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki prayatnazIla honaa| (22) ayogya deza aura ayogya kAla meM gamana jisake dvArA vyakti isa jagat meM bhI saphala jIvana jI sakatA hai| na krnaa| (23) deza, kAla, vAtAvaraNa aura svakIya sAmarthya kA yahI nahIM, ina sadguNoM meM se adhikAMza kA sambandha hamAre sAmAjika vicAra karake hI koI kArya prArambha krnaa| (24) AcAravRddha aura jIvana se hai| vaiyaktika jIvana meM inakA vikAsa sAmAjika jIvana ke jJAnavRddha puruSoM ko apane ghara Amantrita karanA, AdarapUrvaka biThalAnA, madhura sambandhoM kA sRjana karatA hai| ye vaiyaktika jIvana ke lie jitane sammAnita karanA aura unakI yathocita sevA krnaa| (25) mAtA-pitA, upayogI haiM, usase adhika sAmAjika jIvana ke lie Avazyaka haiN| patnI, putra Adi AzritoM kA yathAyogya bharaNa-poSaNa karanA, unake jainAcAryoM ke anusAra ye AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke pravezadvAra haiN| sAdhaka vikAsa meM sahAyaka bnnaa| (26) dIrghadarzI honaa| kisI bhI kArya inakA yogya rIti se AcaraNa karane ke bAda hI aNuvratoM aura mahAvratoM ko prArambha karane ke pUrva hI usake guNAvaguNa para vicAra kara lenaa| kI sAdhanA kI dizA meM Age bar3ha sakatA hai| (27) vivekazIla honaa| jisameM hita-ahita, kRtya-akRtya kA viveka nahIM hotA, usa pazu ke samAna puruSa ko anta meM pazcAttApa karanA par3atA zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kI prAsaMgikatA hai| (28) gRhastha ko kRtajJa honA caahie| upakArI ke upakAra ko jainadharma meM zrAvaka ke nimna bAraha vrata haiMvismaraNa kara denA ucita nhiiN| (29) ahaMkAra se bacakara vinamra honaa| (1) ahiMsA-aNuvrata (30) lajjAzIla honaa| (31) karuNAzIla honaa| (32) saumya honaa| (2) satya-aNuvrata (33) yathAzakti paropakAra krnaa| (34) kAma, krodha, moha, mada aura (3) acaurya-aNuvrata mAtsarya, ina Antarika ripuoM se bacane kA prayatna karanA aura (35) (4) svapatnI-saMtoSavrata indriyoM ko ucchaMkhala na hone denaa| indriyavijetA gRhastha hI dharma kI (5) parigraha-parimANa vrata ArAdhanA karane kI pAtratA prApta karatA hai| (6) dik-parimANa vrata AcArya nemicandra ne pravacanasAroddhAra meM bhinna rUpa se zrAvaka ke (7) upabhoga-paribhoga-parimANa vrata 21 guNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura yaha mAnA hai ki ina 21 guNoM (8) anarthadaNDa-viramaNa vrata ko dhAraNa karane vAlA vyakti hI aNuvratoM kI sAdhanA kA pAtra hotA (9) sAmAyika vrata hai| AcArya dvArA nirdezita zrAvaka ke 21 guNa nimna haiM:-(1) akSudrapana (10) dezAvakAsika vrata (vizAla-hRdayatA), (2) svasthatA, (3) saumyatA, (4) lokapriyatA, (11) proSadhopavAsa vrata (5) akrUratA, (6) pApabhIrutA, (7) azaThatA, (8) sudakSatA (12) atithi-saMvibhAga vrata (dAnazIlatA), (9) lajjAzIlatA, (10) dayAlutA, (11) guNAnurAgatA, aMhisA-aNuvrata-gRhasthopAsaka saMkalpapUrvaka trasaprANiyoM (calane (12) priyasambhASaNa yA saumyadRSTi, (13) mAdhyasthavRtti, (14) phirane vAle) kI hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai| hiMsA ke cAra rUpa haiMdIrghadRSTi, (15) satkathaka evaM supakSayukta, (16) namratA, (17) 1. AkrAmaka (saMkalpI), 2. surakSAtmaka (virodhajA), 3. audyogika vizeSajJatA, (18) vRddhAnugAmI, (19) kRtajJa, (20) parahitakArI (udyogajA), 4. jIvana-yApana ke anya kAryoM meM hone vAlI (aarmbhjaa)|
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________________ 330 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 hiMsA ke ye cAroM rUpa bhI do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiye gaye haiM- 3. bhUmi Adi ke svAmitva ke sambandha meM asatya jAnakArI 1. hiMsA kI jAtI hai aura 2. hiMsA karanI par3atI hai| isameM AkrAmaka denaa| meM hiMsA kI jAtI hai, jabaki surakSAtmaka, audyogikI aura ArambhajA 4. kisI dharohara ko dabAne yA apane vyaktigata svArtha ko siddha meM hiMsA karanI par3atI hai| surakSAtmaka, audyogika aura ArambhajA hiMsA karane hetu asatya bolnaa| meM hiMsA kA nirNaya to hotA hai, kintu vaha nirNaya vivazatA meM lenA 5. jhUThI sAkSI denaa| hotA hai, ata: use svatantra aicchika nirNaya nahIM kaha sakate haiN| ina isa aNuvrata ke pAMca aticAra yA doSa nimna haiMsthitiyoM meM hiMsA kI nahIM jAtI, apitu karanI par3atI hai| surakSAtmaka 1. avicArapUrvaka bolanA yA mithyA-doSAropaNa krnaa| hiMsA aura audyogika hiMsA meM trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA bhI karanI par3a 2. gopanIyatA bhaMga krnaa| sakatI hai, yadyapi audyogika hiMsA meM bhI trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA kevala 3. svapatnI yA mitra ke gupta rahasyoM kA prakaTa krnaa| surakSAtmaka dRSTi se hI karanI par3atI hai| isake atirikta hiMsA kA 4. mithyA-upadeza arthAt logoM ko bhkaanaa| eka rUpa vaha hai, jisameM hiMsA ho jAtI hai, jaise-kRSikArya karate 5. kUTa-lekhakaraNa arthAt jhUThe dastAveja taiyAra karanA, nakalI hue sAvadhAnI ke bAvajUda ho jAne vAlI vs-hiNsaa| jIvanarakSaNa evaM mudrA (mohara) lagAnA yA jAlI hastAkSara krnaa| AjIvikopArjana meM hone vAlI hiMsA se usakA vrata dUSita nahIM mAnA uparyukta sabhI niSedhoM kI prAsaMgikatA Aja bhI nirvivAda hai| gayA hai| sAmAnyatayA yaha kahA jAtA hai ki jainadharma meM ahiMsA kA vartamAna yuga meM bhI ye sabhI dUSita pravRttiyA~ pracalita haiM tathA zAsana pAlana jisa sUkSmatA ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha use avyAvahArika aura samAja ina para roka lagAnA cAhatA hai| banA detA hai kintu yadi hama gRhastha upAsaka ke ahiMsA-aNuvrata ke 3. asteyANuvrata-vastu ke svAmI kI anumati ke binA kisI uparyukta vivecana ko dekhate haiM to yaha nissaMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai vastu kA gahaNa karanA corI hai| gRhastha sAdhaka ko isa dUSita pravRtti ki ahiMsA kI jaina avadhAraNA kisI bhI sthiti meM aprAsaMgika aura se bacane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| isakI vistRta carcA hama sapta durvyasana avyAvahArika nahIM hai| vaha na to vyakti yA rASTra ke Atma-surakSA ke ke saMdarbha meM kara cuke haiM, ata: yahA~ kevala isake nimna aticAroM prayatna meM bAdhaka hai aura na usakI audyogika pragati meN| usakA virodha kI prAsaMgikatA kI carcA kareMgehai to mAtra AkrAmaka hiMsA se aura Aja koI bhI vivekazIla prANI 1. corI kI vastu khriidnaa| yA rASTra AkrAmaka hiMsA kA samarthaka nahIM ho sakatA hai| 2. cauryakarma meM sahayoga denaa| gRhastha upAsaka ke ahiMsANuvrata ke jo pAMca aticAra (doSa) 3. zAsakIya niyamoM kA atikramaNa tathA kara apvNcn| batAye gaye haiM ve bhI pUrNatayA vyAvahArika aura prAsaMgika haiN| ina aticAroM 4. mApa-taula kI aprmaanniktaa| kI prAsaMgika vyAkhyA nimna hai 5. vastuoM meM milAvaTa krnaa| 1. bandhana-prANiyoM ko baMdhana meM ddaalnaa| Adhunika sandarbha uparyukta pA~coM duSpavRttiyA~ Aja bhI anucita evaM zAsana dvArA meM adhInastha karmacAriyoM ko nizcita samayAvadhi se adhika rokakara daNDanIya mAnI jAtI haiN| ata: inakA niSedha aprAsaMgika yA kArya lenA athavA kisI kI svatantratA kA apaharaNa karanA bhI isI avyAvahArika nahIM hai| vartamAna yuga meM ye duSpravRttiyA~ bar3hatI jA rahI koTi meM AtA hai| haiM, ata: ina niyamoM kA pAlana apekSita hai| 2. vadha-aMgopAMga kA chedana aura ghAtaka prahAra krnaa| 4. svapatnI-saMtoSa vrata-gRhasthopAsaka kI kAma-pravRtti para 3. vRtticcheda-kisI kI AjIvikA ko chInanA yA usameM bAdhA aMkuza lagAne ke hetu isa vrata kA vidhAna kiyA hai| yaha yauna sambandhoM ddaalnaa| ko niyantrita evaM pariSkArita karatA hai aura isa saMdarbha meM sAmAjika 4. atibhAra-prANI kI sAmarthya se adhika bojha lAdanA yA vyavasthA ko sudRr3ha karatA hai| svapatnI ke atirikta anyatra yauna sambandha kArya lenaa| rakhanA jaina zrAvaka ke liye niSiddha hai| pArivArika evaM sAmAjika zAnti 5. bhakta-pAna-nirodha-adhInastha pazuoM evaM karmacAriyoM kI evaM suvyavasthA kI dRSTi se isa vrata kI upayogitA nirvivAda hai| yaha samaya para evaM Avazyaka bhojana-pAnI kI vyavasthA na krnaa| uparyukta vrata pati-patnI ke madhya eka-dUsare ke prati AsthA jAgRta karatA hai anaitika AcaraNoM kI prAsaMgikatA Aja bhI yathAvat hai| zAsana ne aura unake pArasparika prema evaM samarpaNabhAva ko sudRr3ha karatA hai| jaba inakI prAsaMgikatA ke AdhAra para inheM rokane hetu niyama banAye haiM jabaki bhI isa vrata kA bhaMga hotA hai, pArivArika jIvana meM azAMti evaM darAra jainAcAryoM ne do hajAra varSa pUrva ina niyamoM kI vyavasthA kara dI thii| paidA ho jAtI hai| 2. satyANuvrata-gRhastha ko nimna pA~ca kAraNoM se asatya-bhASaNa isa vrata ke nimna pAMca aticAra yA doSa mAne gaye haiMkA niSedha kiyA gayA hai 1. alpavaya kI vivAhitA strI se athavA samaya-vizeSa ke lie 1. vara-kanyA ke sambandha meM asatya jAnakArI denaa| grahaNa kI gaI strI se arthAt vezyA Adi se sambhoga krnaa| 2. pazu Adi ke kraya-vikraya hetu asatya jAnakArI denaa| 2. avivAhita strI-jisameM parastrI aura vezyA bhI samAhita hai,
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________________ zrAvaka AcAra kI prAsaGgikatA kA prazna 331 ye yauna sambandha sthApita krnaa| kAryakSetra sImita ho jAvegA kintu jo vartamAna antarrASTrIya sthiti se 3. aprAkRtika sAdhanoM se kAma-vAsanA ko santuSTa karanA, jaise- avagata haiM, ve yaha bhalI prakAra jAnate haiM ki Aja koI bhI rASTra videzI hasta-maithuna, gudA-maithuna, samaliMgI-maithuna aadi| vyakti ko apane yahA~ paira jamAne denA nahIM cAhatA hai, dUsare yadi hama 4. para-vivAhakaraNa arthAt sva-santAna ke atirikta dUsaroM ke antarrASTrIya zoSaNa ko samApta karanA cAhate haiM to hameM isa bAta se vivAha sambandha krvaanaa| vartamAna saMdarbha meM isakI eka vyAkhyA yaha sahamata honA hogA ki vyakti ke dhanopArjana kI gatividhi kA kSetra bhI ho sakatI hai ki eka patnI ke hote hue dUsarA vivAha krnaa| sImita ho| ata: isa vrata ko aprAsaMgika nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| 5. kAma-bhoga kI tIvra abhilaassaa| 7. upabhoga-paribhoga-parimANa vrata-vyakti kI bhogavRtti para uparyukta pAMca niSedhoM meM koI bhI aisA nahIM hai, jise avyAvahArika aMkuza lagAnA hI isa vrata kA mUla uddezya hai| isa vrata ke antargata aura vartamAna saMdarbho meM aprAsaMgika kahA jA ske| zrAvaka ko apane dainaMdina jIvana ke upabhoga kI pratyeka vastu kI saMkhyA, 5. parigraha-parimANa vrata-isa vrata ke antargata gRhastha upAsaka mAtrA Adi nirdhArita karanI hotI hai-jaise vaha kauna sA maMjana karegA, se yaha apekSA kI gaI hai ki vaha apanI sampatti arthAt jamIna-jAyadAda, kisa prakAra ke cAvala, dAla, sabjI, phala-miSThAnna Adi kA upabhoga bahumUlya dhAtue~, dhana-dhAnya, pazu evaM anya vastuoM kI eka sImA-rekhA karegA, unakI mAtrA kyA hogI, usake vastra, jUte, zayyA Adi kisa nizcita kare aura usakA atikramaNa nahIM kre| vyakti meM saMgraha kI prakAra ke aura kitane hoNge| vastuta: isa vrata ke mAdhyama meM usakI svAbhAvika pravRtti hai aura kisI sImA taka gRhastha-jIvana meM saMgraha bhoga-vRtti ko saMyamita kara usake jIvana ko sAtvika aura sAdA banAne Avazyaka bhI hai, kintu yadi saMgraha-vRtti ko niyantrita nahIM kiyA jAvegA kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, jisakI upayogitA ko koI bhI vicArazIla to samAja meM garIba aura amIra kI khAI adhika gaharI hogI aura vyakti asvIkAra nahIM kregaa| Aja jaba manuSya uddAma bhoga-vAsanA varga-saMgharSa aparihArya ho jaavegaa| parigraha-parimANavata yA icchA- meM AkaNTha DUbatA jA rahA hai, isa vrata kA mahattva spaSTa hai| parimANavrata isI saMgraha-vRtti ko niyantrita karatA hai aura Arthika vaiSamya jaina AcAryoM ne upabhoga-paribhoga-parimANa vrata ke mAdhyama se yaha kA samAdhAna prastuta karatA hai| yadyapi prAcIna granthoM meM isa sambandha ___ bhI spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki gRhastha upAsaka ko kina sAdhanoM meM koI sImA-rekhA niyata nahIM kI gaI hai, use vyakti ke sva-viveka ke dvArA apanI ajIvikA kA upArjana karanA cAhie aura kina sAdhanoM para chor3a diyA gayA thA, kintu Adhunika saMdarbha meM hameM vyakti kI se AjIvikA kA upArjana nahIM karanA caahie| gRhastha upAsaka ke lie AvazyakatA aura rASTra kI sampannatA ke AdhAra para sampatti yA parigraha nimnalikhita pandraha prakAra ke vyavasAyoM ke dvArA AjIvikA arjita kI koI adhikatama sImA nirdhArita karanI hogI, yahI eka aisA upAya karanA niSiddha mAnA gayA haihai jisase garIba aura amIra ke bIca kI khAI ko pATA jA sakatA 1.aGgArakarma-jaina AcAryoM ne isake antargata AdamI ko agni hai| yaha bhaya nirarthaka hai ki anAsakti aura aparigraha ke Adarza se prajjvalita karake kiye jAne vAle sabhI vyavasAyoM ko niSiddha batAyA Arthika-pragati prabhAvita hogii| jaina dharma arjana kA usI sthiti meM hai; jaise-kumbhakAra, svarNakAra, lauhakAra Adi ke vyvsaay| kintu virodhI hai, jaba ki usake sAtha hiMsA aura zoSaNa kI burAiyA~ jur3atI merI dRSTi meM isakA tAtparya jaMgala meM Aga lagAkara kRSiyogya bhUmi haiN| hamArA Adarza hai- sau hAthoM se ikaTThA karo aura hajAra hAthoM taiyAra karanA hai| se bA~Ta do| gRhastha arthopArjana kare, kintu vaha na to saMgraha ke liye 2. vanakarma-jaMgala kaTavAne kA vyvsaay| ho aura na svayaM ke bhoga ke liye, apitu usakA upayoga loka-maMgala 3. zakaTakarma-bailagAr3I, ratha Adi banAkara becane kA vyvsaay| ke liye aura dIna-duHkhiyoM kI sevA meM ho; vartamAna sandarbha meM isa 4. bhATakakarma-baila, azva Adi pazuoM ko kirAye para calAne vrata kI upayogitA nirvivAda hai| yadi Aja hama svecchA se nahIM apanAte kA vyvsaay| haiM to yA to zAsana hameM isake liye bAdhya karegA yA phira abhAvagrasta 5. sphoTikarma-khAna-khodane kA vyvsaay| varga hamase chIna legA, ata: hameM samaya rahate samhala jAnA caahiye| 6. dantavANijya-hAthI-dA~ta Adi har3I kA vyvsaay| upalakSaNa 6.dik-parimANavrata-tRSNA asIma hai, dhana ke lobha meM manuSya se camar3e tathA sIMga Adi ke vyavasAyI bhI isameM sammilita haiN| kahA~-kahA~ nahIM bhaTakA hai| rAjya kI tRSNA ne sAmrAjyavAda ko janma 7. lAkSA-vANijya-lAkha kA vyvsaay| diyA, to dhana-lobha meM vyAvasAyika upaniveza bne| artha-lolupatA 8. rasa-vANijya-madya, mAMsa, madhu Adi kA vyaapaar| tathA viSaya-vAsanAoM kI pUrti ke nimitta Aja bhI vyakti deza-videza 9. viSa-vANijya-vibhinna prakAra ke viSoM kA vyaapaar| meM bhaTakatA hai| dik-parimANavrata manuSya kI isI bhaTakana ko niyantrita 10. keSa-vANijya-bAloM evaM romayukta camar3e kA vyApAra / karatA hai| gRhastha upAsaka ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha apane 11. yantrapIDanakarma-yantra, sA~ce, kolhU Adi kA vyaapaar| arthopArjana evaM viSaya-bhoga kA kSetra sImita kre| isIlie use vividha upalakSaNa se astra-zastroM kA vyApAra bhI isI meM sammilita hai| dizAoM meM apane AvAgamana kA kSetra maryAdita kara lenA hotA hai| 12. nIlAcchanakarma-baila Adi pazuoM ko napuMsaka banAne kA yadyapi vartamAna saMdarbha meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki isase vyakti kA vyvsaay| Far-Private &Personal Use Only
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________________ 332 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 13. dAvAgnidApana-jaMgala meM Aga lagAne kA vyvsaay| tanAvoM kI sthiti meM jI rahA hai, sAmAyika vrata kI sAdhanA kI upayogitA 14. tAlAba, jhIla aura sarovara Adi ko sukhaanaa| suspaSTa ho jAtI hai| vartamAna meM mAtra vezaparivartana karake kucha samaya 15. vyabhicAra-vRtti ke lie vezyA Adi ko niyukta kara unake ke lie bAhya hiMsaka pravRttiyoM se dUra ho jAnA sAmAyika kA bAhya dvArA dhanopArjana krvaanaa| upalakSaNa se duSkarmoM ke dvArA AjIvikA rUpa to ho sakatA hai, kintu vaha usakI antarAtmA nahIM hai| Aja kA arjana krnaa| ___hamArI sAmAyika kI sAdhanA meM samabhAvarUpI antarAtmA mRtaprAya hotI Adhunika sandarbha meM uparyukta niSiddha vyavasAyoM kI sUcI meM jA rahI hai aura vaha eka rUr3ha-kriyA mAtra bana kara raha gayI hai| sAmAyika parimArjana kI AvazyakatA pratIta hotI hai| Aja vyavasAyoM ke aise se mAnasika tanAvoM kA nirAkaraNa aura cittavRtti ko zAnta aura nirAkula bahuta se rUpa sAmane Aye haiM, jo adhika anaitika aura hiMsaka haiN| banAne ke lie koI upayukta paddhati vikasita kI jAye, yaha Aja ataH isa sandarbha meM paryApta vicAra-vimarza karake niSiddha vyavasAyoM ke yuga kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai| kI eka navIna tAlikA banAyI jAnI caahie| 10.dezAvakAsika vrata-isa vrata kA mukhya uddezya AMzika 8. anarthadaNDa-parityAga-mAnava apane jIvana meM aneka aise rUpa se gRhastha-jIvana se nivRtti prApta karanA hai| manuSya svAbhAvika pApakarma karatA hai, jinake dvArA usakA apanA koI hita sAdhana nahIM rUpa se parivartanapriya hai| ghara-gRhasthI ke kolAhalapUrNa aura azAnta hotaa| ina niSpayojana kiye jAne vAle pApa karmoM se gRhastha upAsaka jIvana se nivRtti lekara eka zAnta jIvana kA abhyAsa evaM AsvAda ko bacAnA isa vrata kA mukhya uddezya hai| niSprayojana hiMsA aura karanA hI isakA lakSya hai| vaise bhI hama saptAha meM eka dina avakAza asatya-sambhASaNa kI pravRttiyA~ manuSya meM sAmAnya rUpa se pAyI jAtI manAte haiN| dezAvakAsika vrata isI sAptAhika avakAza kA AdhyAtmika hai| jaise, snAna meM AvazyakatA se adhika jala kA apavyaya karanA, sAdhanA ke kSetra meM upayoga hai aura isa dRSTi se isakI sArthakatA ko bhojana meM jUThana chor3anA, sambhASaNa meM apazabdoM kA prayoga karanA, svAsthya asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|| ke lie hAnikara mAdaka dravyoM kA sevana karanA, azlIla aura kAmavarddhaka 11. prauSAdhopavAsa-yaha vrata bhI mukhya rUpa se nivRttiparaka sAhitya kA par3hanA, Adi! nirarthaka pravRttiyA~ avivekI aura anuzAsanahIna jIvana kI sAdhanA ke nimitta hai| upavAsapUrvaka viSayavAsanAoM para jIvana kI dyotaka haiN| isa vrata ke antargata gRhastha upAsaka se yaha niyantraNa rakhanA hI isa vrata kA mUla uddezya hai| ise hama eka dina apekSA kI jAtI hai ki vaha azubhacintana, pApakarmopadeza, hiMsaka ke lie grahaNa kiyA huA zramaNa-jIvana bhI kaha sakate haiN| isakI upakaraNoM ke dAna tathA pramAdAcaraNa se bce| isa vrata ke nimnalikhita sArthakatA vaiyaktika sAdhanAtmaka jIvana kI dRSTi se hI oNkI jA pAMca aticAra mAne gaye haiM sakatI hai| 1. kAmavAsanA ko uttejita karane vAlI ceSTAe~ krnaa| 12. atithi-saMvibhAga vrata-atithi-saMvibhAga vrata gRhastha ke 2. hA~tha, mu~ha, A~kha Adi se abhadra ceSTAe~ krnaa| sAmAjika dAyitva kA sUcaka hai| apane aura apane parijanoM ke udarapoSaNa 3. adhika vAcAla honA yA nirarthaka bAta krnaa| __ ke sAtha-sAtha gRhastha para nivRtta-sAdhakoM aura samAja ke asahAya evaM 4. anAvazyaka rUpa se hiMsA ke sAdhanoM kA saMgraha karanA aura abhAvagrasta vyaktiyoM ke bharaNa-poSaNa kA dAyitva bhI hai| prastuta vrata unheM dUsaroM ko denaa| kA uddezya gRhastha meM sevA aura dAna kI vRtti ko jAgRta karanA hai| 5. AvazyakatA se adhika upabhoga kI sAmagrI kA saMcaya krnaa| manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai| hamArA jIvana pArasparika sahayoga aura yadi hama uparyukta vrata aura usake doSoM ke sandarbha meM vicAra kareM sahabhAgitA ke AdhAra para hI calatA hai| dUsaroM ke sukha-duHkha meM sahabhAgI to vartamAna yuga meM isakI sArthakatA spaSTa ho jAtI hai| mAnava-samAja bananA aura abhAvagrastoM, pIr3itoM aura dIna-duHkhiyoM kI sevA karanAmeM Aja bhI ye sabhI cAritrika vikRtiyA~ vidyamAna haiM aura eka sabhya yaha gRhastha kA anivArya dharma hai| yadyapi Aja isa pravRtti ko bhikSAvRtti samAja ke nirmANa ke lie inakA parimArjana Avazyaka hai| ko protsAhana dene vAlI mAnakara anupayukta kahA jAtA hai, kintu jaba zrAvaka ke uparyukta pAMca aNuvratoM aura tIna guNavratoM kA bahuta taka samAja meM abhAvagrasta, pIr3ita aura rogI vyakti haiM-sevA aura kucha sambandha hamAre sAmAjika jIvana se hai aura hamane jaba unakI sahakAra kI AvazyakatA aparihArya rUpa se banI rahegI aura yadi zAsana prAsaMgikatA kI koI carcA kI hai to vaha sAmAjika dRSTi se hI kI isa dAyitva ko nahI sambhAlatA hai to yaha pratyeka gRhastha kA kartavya hai| gRhastha upAsaka ke zeSa cAra zikSAvratoM meM sAmAyika, dezAvakAsika, hai ki vaha dAna aura sevA ke mUlyoM ko jIvita banAye rkhe| yaha prazna prauSadhopavAsa kA sambandha viziSTa rUpa se vaiyaktika jIvana se hai| yadyapi mAtra dayA yA karuNA kA nahIM hai, apitu dAyitva-bodha kA hai| atithi-saMvibhAga vrata kI vyAkhyA puna: sAmAjika sandarbha meM kI jA / sakatI hai| upasaMhAra 9. sAmAyika vrata- sAmAyika samabhAva kI sAdhanA hai| jaina dharma ke zrAvaka-AcAra kI uparyukta samIkSA karane ke pazcAt sukha-duHkha, hAni-lAbha, jaya-parAjaya meM cittavRtti kA samatva hI yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina zrAvakoM ke lie pratipAdita AcAra sAmAyika hai| Aja ke yuga meM jaba manuSya mAnasika vikSobhoM aura ke niyama vartamAna sAmAjika sandarbho meM bhI prAsaMgika siddha hote haiN|
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________________ zrAvaka AcAra kI prAsaGgikatA kA prazna zrAvaka-AcAra ke vidhi-niSedhoM meM yugAnukUla jo choTe-moTe parivartana jamIkanda-khAnA cAhie yA nahIM khAnA cAhie, aise choTe-choTe prazna apekSita haiM, una para vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai aura yugAnukUla zrAvaka uThA liye jAte haiM, kintu zrAvaka-AcAra kI mUlabhUta dRSTi kyA ho? dharma kI AcAra-vidhi Agamika niyamoM ko yathAvat rakhate hue banAyI aura usake lie yugAnukUla sarvasAmAnya AcAra-vidhi kyA ho? isa jA sakatI hai| Aja hamArA durbhAgya yahI hai ki hama jaina muni ke bAta para hamArI koI dRSTi nahIM jaatii| yaha eka zubha saMketa hai ki AcAra-niyamoM para to abhI bhI gambhIra carcAe~ karate hai, kintu zrAvaka arivala bhAratI jaina vidvat pariSad ne isa prazna ko lekara eka dharma kI AcAra-vidhi para koI gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra nahIM kiyA jaataa| vicAra-goSThI Ayojita kii| yadyapi yaha eka prArambhika bindu hai kintu Aja yaha mAna liyA gayA hai ki AcAra sambandhI vidhi-niSedha muniyoM mujhe vizvAsa hai ki yaha prAthamika prayAsa bhI kabhI bRhad rUpa legA aura ke sandarbha meM hI haiN| gRhasthoM kI AcAra-vidhi aisI hai yA aisI honI hama apane zrAvaka varga ko eka yugAnukUla AcAravidhi de pAne meM cAhie, isa bAta para hamArA koI dhyAna nahIM jaataa| yadyapi kabhI-kabhI saphala hoNge| PAPrimVARAHIYHain