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________________ bhAratIya jana jIvana meM sAMskRtika paramparA kA vizeSa . sthAna hai| vaise to bhAratavarSa meM aneka saMskRtiyA~ pracalita haiM kintu saMskRti kI vividhatA hote hue unameM bhAratIyatva kI gaharI chApa lagI hai, ataH bhAratIyatA ke nAte samasta saMskRtiyA~ eka haiM aura unakA ekarUpatva nihita hai bhAratIya saMskRti meM / abhiprAya yaha hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti zabda kA uccAraNa karane se bhArata meM sthita samasta saMskRtiyA~ usameM antarbhUta ho jAtI haiN| phira bhI pratyeka saMskRti kA apanA-apanA pRthaka-pRthaka astitva evaM mahatva hai| bhArata kI sAMskRtika paramparA jo samaya ke utAra-caDhAva meM se gujaratI haI apane 1 lambe mArga meM bhISaNa AghAtoM aura kaThinAiyoM ko jhelatI AI hai kisI eka jAti, eka sampradAya, eka vicAradhArA kI upaja nahIM hai, apitu yaha to aneka jAtiyoM, aneka sampradAyoM aura aneka vicAradhArAoM kI upaja hai jinakA sammelana bhArata kI pavitra dharA para huA hai, jinakA itihAsa yahA~ kI vividha anubhUtiyoM, lokoktiyoM aura paurANika kathAoM meM chipA par3A hai aura jinake avazeSa yahA~ ke prAcIna janapadoM, prAcIna pura aura prAcIna nagaroM ke khaNDaharoM meM dabe par3e haiN| / mohanajodar3o aura har3appA kI khudAI se prApta avazeSa isake sAkSI haiN| 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 bhAratIya sAMskRtika paramparA kI mahatvapUrNa kar3I zrama Na saMskRti 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002 yaha eka Azcaryajanaka kintu nivivAda tathya hai ki vicAradhArAoM kI vividhatA hote hue bhI bhAratIya saMskRti meM adbhuta ekarUpatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki videziyoM ke vibhinna AkramaNoM, AghAtoM, vinaashhai| lIlAoM aura atyAcAroM ke bAvajUda Aja bhI usameM vahI sthiratA aura nUtanatA vidyamAna hai jo pUrvakAla meM thii| yoM to saMsAra ke prAyaH sabhI bar3e dezoM ne bar3I-bar3I sabhyatAoM aura saMskRtiyoM ko janma diyA hai| bebIlona aura philastIna, mizra aura cIna, roma aura yUnAnI sabhI / sabhyatAoM ne apanI kRtiyoM se mAnavIya gaurava ko bar3hAyA hai, kintu inameM se kisI ko bhI vaha sthiratA prApta nahIM huI jo bhAratIya saMskRti ko prApta huI hai| ye sabhI saMskRtiyA~ saMsAra meM uSA kI bhA~ti AyIM aura saMdhyA kI bhA~ti calI gayIM kintu isa dhUpa aura chAyA ke mAhola meM tathA AMdhI aura tUphAna ke jhaMjhAvAtoM meM bhI aDiga bhAratIya saMskRti susthira banI huI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja bhI vizva meM bhAratIya saMskRti ko gauravapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| isake aneka kAraNa haiM jinameM pramukha hai bhAratIya manISiyoM, maharSiyoM aura yogiyoM kI ciMtanadhArA, prabuddha vicArakoM, AcAryoM, upAdhyAyoM aura vidvajjanoM ke gambhIra anubhavoM kI AdhArazilA tathA samAja ke sabhI --AcArya rAjakumAra jaina caturtha khaNDa : jaina saMskRti ke vividha AyAma Ope 0 sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha GAD For Private & Personal use only
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________________ vargoM kI vividhAtmaka prmpraaeN| ina sabhI kAraNoM ke mUla meM vaha ucca AdhyAtmika Adarza, jo mAnava ko vastutaH mAnava banane kI preraNA detA hai aura apane vaiyaktika, sAmAjika, naitika tathA AdhyAtmika * jIvana ko samunnata karane ke lie satat rUpa se prerita karatA hai / vicAroM kI vividhatA, dRSTikoNa kI bhinnatA tathA mAnyatA va paramparAoM kI anekarUpatA ke kAraNa bhArata ne samaya-samaya para aneka saMskRtiyoM ko janma diyA hai jo eka hI vRkSa ke nIce aMkurita, pallavita aura puSpita huI haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki saMskRtiyoM kI vividhatA hote hue bhI unameM Azcaryajanaka ekarUpatA hai / yadyapi sabhI saMskRtiyoM meM lakSya rUpa meM mAnavatA kA hita sannihita hai aura yaha sarvopari hai, tathApi sAmAnyataH bhAratavarSa meM praca lita samasta saMskRtiyoM kA svarUpa-vibhAjana saMkSepa meM do rUpa se kiyA jA sakatA hai- sAmAjika aura AdhyAtmika | bhAratIya saMskRti kA sAmAjika svarUpa vaha hai jo vividha kalAoM, vijJAna, anusandhAna evaM AviSkAroM se nirantara paripoSita evaM saMvRddha hotA rahatA hai / saMskRti kA isase bhinna arthAt AdhyAtmika svarUpa vaha hai jo prANimAtra ke kalyANa kI mahAna bhAvanA se paripUrNa tathA jIvana kI sArtha - Dear for fadha dhArmika anuSThAnoM se yukta hai| saMskRti ke isa AdhyAtmika pakSa kA sAkAra rUpa hai zramaNa saMskRti, jimameM ihalaukika, bhautika va kSaNika sukhoM ke liye na koI sthAna hai aura na koI mAnyatA / zramaNa saMskRti kA samagra svarUpa pUrNataH ahiMsAtmaka, aparigrahAtmaka va anekAntAtmaka hai jisase jagata meM hiMsA kA tAMDava banda hokara sampUrNa pApAcAra nirmUla ho, sAmAjika viSamatA va arAjakatA dUra ho tathA vizva meM sthAyI sukha, zAMti va samatA kA sAmrAjya sthApita ho / Asakti, parigraha, hiMsA aura durAgraha ke liye isa saMskRti meM koI sthAna nahIM hai / 276 Arambha se hI bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUla meM samAnAMtara do vicAradhArAe~ pravAhita hotI rahI haiM1. vaidika vicAradhArA aura 2. zramaNa vicAradhArA / jahA~ zramaNa vicAradhArA ne bhAratavAsiyoM ko AMtiraka zuddhi aura sukha-zAMti kA mArga batalAyA vahA~ brAhmaNoM ne bAhya sukha-zAMti aura bAhya zuddhi ko vizeSa mahatva diyaa| zramaNoM ne jahA~ logoM ko ni yasa evaM mokSa kA mArga batalAyA, brAhmaNoM vahA~ laukika abhyudaya ke liye vibhinna upAya apanAkara logoM kA mArgadarzana kiyA / zramaNa vicAradhArA ne vyaktigata rUpa se AtmakalyANa kI bhAvanA se loka kalyANa kA mArga prazasta kiyA / 'jio aura aura jIne do' ke vyAvahArika rUpa meM vizva ko ahiMsA kA sandeza dekara prANimAtra ke prati samatA bhAva kA apUrva Adarza jana sAmAnya ke samakSa prastuta kiyA / dUsarI ora brAhmaNa varga ne varNa vyavasthA ke dvArA na kevala samAja meM phailI avyavasthA apitu vibhinna sAmAjika virodhoM ko dUra kara dhArmika mAnyatAoM evaM kriyA-kalApoM ko dRr3hamUla kiyA / zramaNa varga sadA apanI AtmA kA nirIkSaNa karane ke kAraNa antardRSTi banA rahA jabaki brAhmaNa vicAradhArA ne zarIra ke saMrakSaNa ko vizeSa mahatva diyA / jahA~ zramaNa ise Adarza dete rahe vahA~ brAhmaNa ise vidhAna ke dvArA pUrNa karate rahe / jahA~ zramaNa vicArapravAha vAstavikatA ko siMcita karatA rahA vahA~ brAhmaNa samudAya vyAvahArika kAryakalApoM se jIvana ko pUrNa banAte rhe| isa AtmA aura zarIra, Adarza ora vidhAna, nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke abhUtapUrva sammelana se hI bhArata kI sarvaloka kalyANakArI saMskRti kA nirmANa huA hai aura isI ke pariNAmasvarUpa ise ciraMtana sthiratA prApta huI hai / saMskRti aura zramaNa zabda kA artha vyAkaraNa ke anusAra saMskRti zabda kA artha hai saMskAra-sampannatA / saMskAra se vastu utkRSTa bana caturtha khaNDa : jaina saMskRti ke vividha AyAma sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha
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________________ kI a jAtI hai athavA kahanA cAhie ki saMskAra kie saMskRti zramaNa saMskRti kahalAtI hai, dUsare rUpa meM NI jAne para vastu apane meM nihita utkarSa ko abhivya- ise jaina saMskRti bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / kta karane kA avasara prApta karatI hai, saMskAra kie zramaNa saMskRti athavA jaina saMskRti meM mAnavatA OM jAne para hI khanija suvarNa zuddha svarNa banatA hai| ke ve ucca Adarza, AdhyAtmikatA ke ve gUr3hatama manuSya bhI saMskRti ke dvArA apanI AtmA aura rahasyamaya tatva tathA vyAvahArikatA ke ve akRtrima zarIra kA saMskAra pariSkAra kara apane uccatama - siddhAnta nihita haiM jo mAnava mAtra ko cirantana satya dhyeya aura saMkalpoM ko pUrNa karane ke lie dizA / te va sAkSAtkAra karAte haiN| mAnavatA ke prApta karatA hai| eka kalAkAra anagar3ha pASANa meM hita sAdhana meM agraNI hone ke kAraNa yaha mAnava chainI aura hathaur3e kI sahAyatA se vItarAga prabhu kA saMskRti bhI kahalAtI haiN| mudrA aMkita kara detA hai| eka citrakAra vividha raMgoM aura tUlikA kI sahAyatA se kenavAsa para zramaNa aura zrAmaNya sundara citra banA detA hai| isI prakAra saMskRti bhI "zramaNasya bhAvaH zrAmaNyama-arthAta zramaNa manuSya ke aMtastha saundarya ko prakaTa kara detI hai| ke bhAva ko hI zrAmaNya kahate haiM, saMsAra ke prati kA yahI manuSya ke AcAra-vicAra ko banAtI aura moha yA mamatvabhAva kA pUrNataH tyAga athavA saMsAra : saMvAratI hai| ye AcAra-vicAra aura vyavahAra se pUrNataH saMnyAsa grahaNa karanA hI zrAmaNya kahalAtA saMskRti ke mUla srota ke sAtha saMbaddha hokara usakA hai aura isa prakAra ke zrAmaNya se yukta puruSa zramaNa paricaya dete haiN| kahalAtA hai, jaisA ki pUrva meM spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki nirgantha jaina muni hI zramaNa hotA hai| zramaNa ataH jaba hama saMskRti kA sambandha zramaNa santa ke sAtha karate haiM to hamAre sAmane zramaNa dharma aura paMca mahAvratoM kA pAlaka evaM samasta sAMsArika usake AcAra-vicAra spaSTa ho uThate haiN| zramaNa zabda vRttiyoM kA parityaktA hotA hai / vaha niSkarmabhAva KY ke abhiprAya ko spaSTa karane kI dRSTi se kahA gayA kI sAdhanA se pUrNa ekAgracittapUrvaka Atmacintana hai-"zrAmyati tapaH klezaM sahate iti zramaNaH / " meM lIna rahatA hai, ADambarapUrNa vyAvahArikatA evaM arthAt-jo svayaM tapazcaraNa karate haiM tathA kleza kriyA-kalApoM ke lie usake jIvana meM koI sthAna ko sahate haiM ve zramaNa kahalAte haiM, ataH zramaNa zabda nahIM rahatA / sampUrNa bAhya jagata usake lie andhakA sAmAnya artha hai nirgrantha (aparigrahI) muni aura kArAcchanna ho jAtA hai kintu usakA antaHkaraNa A zramaNa saMskRti kA artha haA vaha saMskRti jisakA AtmajyotipuMja se Alokita ho jAtA hai jisase vaha saMsAra ke samasta bhAvoM ko avicchinna rUpa se || sambandha nirgrantha jaina muni se hai tathA jisake prastotA va pravartaka nigrantha jaina mani haiM. aura bhI dekha sakatA hai / vizuddha, paripUrNa evaM avyAhata kevala " jJAna usameM sampUrNa Atmapradeza ko Alokita karatA adhika spaSTa rUpa se ise isa prakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai-jina AcAra-vicAra, AdarzoM aura vya huA saMsAra kI samasta sImAoM va bAdhAoM ko lAMghakara zramaNa ko trikAladarzI banAkara parama vahAroM kA AcaraNa va upadeza nirgrantha jaina muniyoM utkRSTa arhat pada para AsIna kara detA hai / yahI ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai, vaha zramaNa saMskRti usake zrAmaNya kI carama sImA hai| - bhagavAna RSabhadeva prathama nimrantha muni haiM aura ve hI prathama zramaNa haiM, ataH unake dvArA Acarita zramaNa ke jIvana meM saMyama evaM tapazcaraNa ke aura upadiSTa jina AcAra-vicAra, vyavahAra aura AcaraNa kA vizeSa mahatva hai, usakA saMyamapUrNa AdarzoM kA pracAra-prasAra va pracalana huA vahI jIvana use sAMsArika vRttiyoM kI ora abhimukha / caturtha khaNDa : jaina saMskRti ke vividha AyAma O sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha G For Private & Personal use only
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________________ hone se rokatA hai aura tapazcaraNa usakI karmanirjarA vezaparivartana ko zramaNa paramparA kaba mahatva detI meM sahAyaka hotA hai| saMyama ke binA vaha tapazcaraNa hai ? sAdhanA ke lie mAtra bAhya veSa hI paryApta kI ora abhimukha nahIM ho sakatA aura tapazcaraNa nahIM hai apitu tadanukUla viziSTAcaraNa bhI apekSita ke binA usakI mukti sambhava nahIM hai| aisI sthiti hai| meM usakA mokSaprApti hetu AtmasAdhana kA dhyeya apane viziSTAcaraNa evaM tyAga bhAvanA ke apUrNa hI raha jAtA hai, ataH sunizcita hai ki saMyama kAraNa hI zramaNa sadaiva gRhastha kI apekSA ucca dharma tapazcaraNa kA anupUraka hai| isa viSaya meM mAnA gayA hai, aticAra rahita bratoM kA pAlana karanA AcAryoM ke anusAra-"icchAnirodho tapaH"- hI usakA vaiziSTya hai, manasA, vAcA aura karmaNA arthAt-icchAoM kA nirodha karanA tapa kahalAtA pAMca mahAvratoM sahita sattAIsa mUlaguNoM tathA uttara hai, tapa kA yaha lakSaNa saMyama aura tapa ke pArasparika guNoM kA pAlana va anuzIlana usakI AtmA kI zuddhi na sambandha ko spaSTa karatA hai / kyoMki icchAoM va nirmalatA ke lie nitAnta Avazyaka hai, isase ph (indriyajanita vAsanAoM) kA nirodha karanA hI usakI AtmA nirantara sAMsArika karma bandhana se saMyama hai aura usake sAnidhya se vihita kriyAvizeSa mukta hokara mokSAbhimukha agrasara hotA hai / hI tapazcaraNa hai| zramaNa aura gRhastha kA antara spaSTa karate hue saMsAra meM samasta icchAe~ aura vAsanAe~ indri- kahA gayA hai-"vaha pAsa bhI nahIM hai aura dara bhI yajanita hotI hai, inakI abhivyakti sAMsArika va nahIM hai, bhogI bhI nahIM hai aura tyAgI bhI nahIM hai| bhautika kSaNika sukhoM ke lie hotI hai| ina icchAoM jisane bhoga chor3A, kintu Asakti nahIM chor3I, ataH evaM vAsanAoM ko rokakara saMsAra ke prati vimukhatA vaha na bhogI hai aura na tyAgI hai / bhogI isalie A indriyoM ko apane adhIna karanA tathA cittavRtti kI nahIM hai ki bhoga nahIM bhogatA aura tyAgI isalie lA ekAgratA hI saMyamabodhaka hotI hai| isa prakAra ke nahIM hai ki vaha Asakti (bhoga) kI bhAvanA kA saMyama kA carama vikAsa manuSya ke munitva jIvana meM tyAga nahIM kara skaa|" O hI saMbhAvita hai, ataH saMyamapUrNa munitva jIvana hI "parAdhIna hokara bhoga kA tyAga karane vAlA zrAmaNya kA dyotaka hai| tyAgI yA zramaNa nahIM hai, tyAgI yA zramaNa vaha ____zramaNa paramparA ke anusAra ApekSika dRSTi se hai jo svAdhIna bhAvanApUrvaka bhoga se dUra rahatA - gRhastha ko nimna evaM zramaNa ko ucca sthAna prApta hai|" - dazavakAlika 2/2 hai| kintu sAdhanA ke kSetra meM nimnocca kI kalpanA Atma-sAdhanA ke patha para ArUr3ha hokara nirantara * ko kiMcit mAtra bhI prazraya nahIM diyA gayA hai| pAMca mahAvratoM kA akhaMDa rUpa se pAlana karane vAlA, vahA~ saMyama kI hI pradhAnatA hai| isa viSaya meM utta- dasa dharmoM kA satat anucintana, manana aura anuzIlana ( rAdhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nimna vacana anu- karane vAlA, bAIsa parISahajaya tathA ratnatraya ko karaNIya evaM dRSTavya haiM-"aneka gRhatyAgI bhikSuoM dhAraNa karane vAlA, zuddha pariNAmI, sarala svabhAvI, kI apekSA kucha gRhasthoM kA saMyama pradhAna hai aura antarmukhI dRSTi se AtmasAkSAtkAra hetu prayatnazIla OM unakI apekSA sAdhanAzIla saMyamI muniyoM kA saMyama tathA zramaNa dharma ko dhAraNa karane vAlA sAdhu hI pradhAna hai / " isa prakAra zramaNa saMskRti meM saMyamapUrNa zramaNa kahalAtA hai aura nija svarUpAcaraNa meM pramAda sAdhanA ko hI vizeSa mahatva diyA gayA hai| zramaNa na honA usakA zrAmaNya hai| zramaNa sadaiva rAga-dveSa paramparA ke anusAra moharahita vyakti gA~va meM bhI Adi vikAra bhAvoM se dUra rahatA hai / ye hI vikAra sAdhanA kara sakatA hai, aura araNya meM bhii| kore sAMsArika moha aura mamatA ke mUla kAraNa haiM / ina 278 caturtha khaNDa : jaina saMskRti ke vividha AyAma ( 0 sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha ) Forpivateersonal-se-only
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________________ vikAra bhAvoM se zramaNa kI AtmasAdhanA meM bAdhA utpanna hotI hai aura vaha apane lakSya se vicalita ho jAtA hai, isI prakAra krodha - mAna-mAyA-lobha ye cAra kaSAya manuSya ko sAMsArika bandhana meM bAMdhane vAle 'mukhya manovikAra haiN| AtmasvarUpAnveSI sAdhaka zramaNa sadaiva ina kaSAyoM kA parihAra karatA hai, tAki vaha apanI sAdhanA se vicalita na ho sake / caMcala mana aura viSayAbhimukha indriyoM ke pUrNa niyantraNa para hI zramaNa sAdhanA nirbhara hai / AtmasAdhaka zramaNa ke zrAmaNya kI rakSA ke lie isa prakAra rAga-dveSa Adi vikAra bhAva, krodha Adi cAra kaSAyoM kA parihAra karate hue indriyoM kA damana tathA mana kA niyamana nitAnta Avazyaka hai / zramaNa saMskRti kI prAcInatA evaM aitihAsikatA zramaNa saMskRti kI prAcInatA aura aitihAsikatA ke lie kAla gaNanA ke anusAra yadyapi koI kAla nizcita karanA sambhava nahIM hai tathApi isakI sarvAdhika prAcInatA nirvivAda hai / kahA to yahA~ taka jAtA hai ki yaha saMskRti apane akSuNNa svarUpa ke sAtha anAdikAla se sarita pravAha kI bhAMti bhArata kI vasundharA para pravAhita hotI huI mAnava mAtra kA kalyANa karatI A rahI hai, phira bhI aitihAsika rUpa se dRSTipAta karane para isa saMskRti ke Adya pravartaka ke rUpa meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ko mAna sakate haiM / bhagavAna RSabhadeva jainadharma ke Adi tIrthaMkara haiM tathA vedoM va purANoM dvArA unakI aitihAsika | suvidita hai| bhagavAna RSabhadeva prathama zramaNa haiM / ataH zramaNa saMskRti ke pravartaka kI dRSTi se unakI prAcInatA hI zramaNa saMskRti kI bhI prAcInatA utanI hI mAnI jA sakatI hai| isakA eka prabala pramANa yaha hai ki bhArata ke uttara pazcima se praviSTa hue AryoM ke sAtha jo saMskRti AI usake pUrva bhI yadi yahA~ koI saMskRti thI to vaha zramaNa saMskRti thI, bAhara se Ae hue AryoM kA adhikAra saptasiMdhu taka hI thA, pazcAta ve Age bar3he to uttara bhArata meM ayodhyA, hastinApura, magadha, kAzI kI prAcIna caturthakhaNDa : jaina saMskRti ke vividha AyAma saMskRti ke sAtha unheM saMgharSa karanA pdd'aa| usa prAcIna saMskRti kA mUlatatva AtmA thaa| isa Atmatatva ko apanI saMskRti meM sthAna dene ke lie upaniSadoM kI racanA kI gaI va aura AtmA ke sambandha meM bhinna-bhinna siddhAntoM kA AviSkAra kiyA gayA, ataH yaha nizcita hai ki AtmA ke sambandha meM anya saMskRtiyA~ zramaNa saMskRti se prabhAvita haiM / zramaNa saMskRti aura zramaNatva kI prAcInatA kI dRSTi se katipaya pramANoM para dRSTipAta karanA Avazyaka hai, ataH kucha pramANa prastuta haiM " nAbheH priyacikIrSayAtadavarodhAyane marudevyA dharmAn darzayitukAmo vAtarazanAnAM zramaNa nAmRmUrdhvamaMthanA zuklayA tanumAvatatAra / " - bhAgavata purANa 5/3/2 arthAt mahArAja nAbhi kA priya karane kI icchA se unake antaHpura meM mahArAnI marudevI ke garbha se zramaNa UrdhvagAmiyoM kA dharma prakaTa karane ke lie vRSabhadeva zuddha satvamaya zarIra se prakaTa hue / bhAgavatakAra ne Adya manu svAyambhuva ke prapautra nAbhi ke putra RSabha ko nirgrantha zramaNoM aura UrdhvagAmI muniyoM ke dharma kA Adi pratiSThAtA mAnA hai, RSabhadeva ne hI zramaNadharma ko prakaTa kiyA thaa| unake sau putroM meM se nau putra zramaNamuni bane / bhAgavata meM yahI ullekha milatA hai navAbhavan mahAbhAgA munayo hyakesaMsinaH / zramaNA vAtarazanA AtmavidyA vizAradAH // arthAt RSabhadeva ke sau putroM meM se nau putra jo bar3e bhAgyavAna, AtmajJAna meM nipuNa aura paramArtha ke abhilASI the, ve zramaNa vAtarazanA muni hue, ve anazana Adi tapa karate the / yahA~ zramaNa zabda se abhiprAya hai - " zrAmyati tapaH klezaM sahate iti zramaNaH / " arthAt jo svayaM tapazcaraNa karate haiM ve zramaNa hote haiM / "vAtarazanA ha vA RSayaH zramaNa UrdhvamaMthino babhUvuH taittirIyAraNyaka 2/7 276 sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha
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________________ sAyaNa-"vAtarazanAkhyAH RSayaH zramaNAstapa- hotA hai, usase mukta hone ke kAraNa vaha azramaNa 2 lo svinaH UrdhvamaMthinaH UrdhvaretasaH / " ho jAtA hai| zramaNa RSi tapa se sampUrNa karma naSTa karake jaina zAstroM meM guNasthAna carcA ke antargata jo Urdhvagamana karane vAle hue / muni kSapaka zreNI ArohaNa karatA hai usake sambandha ___ sampUrNa karma naSTa ho jAne para jIva svabhAvataH meM bhI lagabhaga aisA hI varNana AtA hai| zreNI Urdhvagamana karatA hai aura loka ke anta taka calA ArohaNa karane vAlA zramaNa muni pApa aura puNya jAtA hai / jIva kA svabhAva Urdhvagamana karane kA hI donoM se rahita ho jAtA hai aura kaSAya tathA ghAtihai aura vaha sadA isake lie prayatnazIla rahatA hai| catuSka kA nAza karake kaivalya kI prApti kara 2 kintu karmoM kA bhAra hone ke kAraNa vaha utanA hI letA hai| Urdhvagamana karatA hai jitanA karmoM kA bhAra kama zramaNa prAyaH satayuga meM hote haiM aisI mAnyatA rahatA hai, kintu jaba karmoM kA bhAra bilakula haTa bhAgavatakAra kI hai, yathAjAtA hai aura jIva karmoM ke bandhana se mukta ho jAtA kRte pravartate dharmazcatuSpAdAn janaidhRtaH / hai to apane svabhAva ke anusAra vaha loka ke anta satyaM dayA tapo dAnamiti pAdA vibhopaH // taka Urdhvagamana karatA hai / yathA-"tadanantaramUz2a santuSTA: karuNA maMtrAH zAntA vAntAstitikSavaH / gacchatyAlokAntAt / " -tatvArtha sUtra 1015 AtmArAmAH samadRzaH prAyazaH zramaNA janAH / / jaina zAstroM meM jahA~ para bhI mokSa kA varNana -bhAgavata 12/2/18-16 AyA hai vahA~ para isakA vistAra se kathana milatA zrI zukadevajI kahate haiM-he rAjan ! kRtayuga meM hai| sambhavataH zramaNa vAta razanA muniyoM ke lie dharma ke cAra caraNa hote haiM-satya, dayA, tapa aura UrdhvamayI, UrdhvaretA kahane meM vaidika RSiyoM dAna / isa dharma ko usa samaya ke loga niSThApUrvaka ko jaina zAstra sammata Urdhvagamana hI abhISTa rahA dhAraNa karate the / satayuga meM manuSya santuSTa, krunnaaho| zIla, mitrabhAva rakhane vAle, zAnta, udAra, sahana__ prastuta prasaMga meM bRhadAraNyakopaniSat kA nimna zIla, AtmA meM ramaNa karane vAle aura samAna ra uddharaNa bhI pramANa kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahatvapUrNa dRSTi vAle prAyaH zramaNajana hI hote the| jainAcArya zrI jinasena ne AdipurANa meM kRta"zramaNo'zramaNastApaso'nanvAgataM puNyenAnanvA yuga meM hI RSabhadeva kA janma mAnA hai| usa yuga kA nAmakaraNa hI RSabhadeva ke kAraNa huA aura gataM pApena tI! hi tadA sarvAnchokAn hRdayasya bhavati / " vaha kRtayuga khlaayaa| -vRhadA. 4/3/22 yugAdi brahmaNA tena yaditthaM sa kRtoyugaH / __ zramaNa azramaNa aura tApasa atApasa ho jAte tataH kRtayugaM nAmnA taM purANavido viduH // jA haiN| usa samaya yaha puruSa puNya se asambaddha tathA ASAr3hamAsabahulapratipAdi divase kRtI / pApa se bhI asambaddha hotA hai aura hRdaya ke sampUrNa kRtvA kRtayugArambhaM prAjApatyamupeyivAn / / zokoM ko pAra kara letA hai| -AdipurANa 16/186-160 ___ "zramaNaH parivrAT yatkarma nimitto bhavati, sa cUki yuga ke Adi brahmA bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne | tena vinirmuktatvAdazramaNaH"-zAMkarabhASya / isa prakAra karmayuga kA Arambha kiyA thA, isalie ___ zramaNa arthAt jisa karma ke kAraNa puruSa parivrAT purANa ke jAnane vAle unheM kRtayuga nAma se jAnate 280 caturtha khaNDa : jaina saMskRti ke vividha AyAma 60 sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha Jain Luucation International & Personal Use On
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________________ haiN| kRtakRtya bhagavAna RSabhadeva ASADha mAsa ke he AdaraNIya azramaNa Apa zramaNarahita, dUsaroM kRSNa pakSa kI pratipadA ke dina kRtayuga kA prArambha ke dvArA zithila na kiye jA sakane vAle, mRtyukarake prajApati khlaaye| vajita, rogarahita, jarArahita aura utkSepaNa gatijaina mAnyatA ke anusAra bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne yukta ho, kiMca Apa bhedaka (bhedavijJAnI) kintu karma kI bhA~ti dharma kA bhI upadeza diyA aura jagata dUsaroM se bhedana na kiye jA sakane vAle balavAna, meM usakA pracalana kiyaa| usa samaya kRtayuga thA tRSNArahita aura nirmoha ho / jaba logoM kI pravRtti dharma kI ora adhika thii| uparyukta sUkta kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jisa bhAra jaina zramaNamuniyoM kA sarvatra vihAra thaa| yahI bAta cAritra se manuSya zramaNa kahalAtA hai usase mukta bhAgavatakAra bhI kahate haiN| bhAgavata ke uparyukta arthAt Atmastha hone para vaha zramaNa kahalAtA hai, zlokoM meM prAyazaH zabda vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / usakA zithilAcAra rahita tathA mRtyU, bhaya, bur3hApA, tRSNA Azaya yahI hai ki adhikAMza zramaNoM meM ye guNa pAye aura lobha se rahita koI bhI zramaNa, tapasvI antajAte the| prAyaH sabhI zramaNoM kA jIvana niSpApa muharta se adhika kAla taka AtmadhyAna ke binA thA aura unake jIvana meM anAcAra nahIM thaa| isa nahIM raha sakatA. kiMca zramaviSNavaH (utkSepaNAvakSepaprakAra RSabhadeva kAla kI janatA ke AcAra-vicAroM NagatyupetA) bAra-bAra Upara nIce guNasthAna meM ke sambandha meM donoM paramparA ekamata haiN| car3hatA utaratA rahatA hai / isake atirikta nirmohI, brahmopaniSada meM bhI parabrahmA kA anabhava karane nispRha, dukhoM aura saMzayoM se rahita, ina saba meM vAle kI dazA kA jo varNana AyA hai usase bhI balavAna hone se vaha Adara yogya aura sabase bhinna pUrvokta Azaya kI puSTi hotI hai, yathA hotA hai| "zramaNo na zramaNastApaso na tApasaH ekameva vaidika kAla meM zramaNa zabda kA adhika mahatva / tatparaM brahma vibhAti nirvANam / " rahA hai, vaiyAkaraNa atyanta anivArya sthiti meM hI -brahmopaniSada, pR0 151 kimI zabda vizeSa ke lie niyama banAte the, anyathA zramaNa zabda sarvaprathama Rgveda ke dazama maNDala nhiiN| zramaNa zabda ke sambandha meM vyAkaraNa granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| isa kathA meM bhI vRhadAraNya- meM vizeSa niyama upalabdha hotA hai, isase zramaNa kopaniSad kI bhA~ti dhyAna kI utkRSTa sthiti kA zabda kA mahatva svataH siddha hotA hai / sarvaprathama varNana kiyA gayA hai| zAkaTAyana meM aisA niyama banAyA gayA hai__tRdilA atRdilAso adrayo zramaNa azruthitA "kumAraH zramaNAdinA" -zAkaTAyana 2/1/78 amRtyavaH / anAturAH ajarAH sthAmaviSNAvaH sapavimo atRpitA atRSNajaH // zramaNa zabda ke sAtha kumAra aura kumArI zabda 10 -Rgveda 10/8/64/11 kI siddhi viSayaka yaha sUtra hai, usa kAla meM kumAra | sAyaNa-"azramaNAH zramaNavarjitAH azruthitAH zramaNa aise pada loka pracalita the| yaha zabda saMjJA anyairaMzithilIkRtAH amRtyavaH amAritAH anAturAH usa tApasI ke pracalita thI jo kumArI avasthA meM arogAH ajarAH jarArahitAH sthamavaya / kiMca apa- zramaNA (AryikA) bana jAtI thI / zramaNAdi gaNaviSNavaH utkSepaNavakSepaNagatyupetAH he AvANaH pATha ke antargata kumAra pravajitA, kumAra tApasI tRdilAH anyeSAM bhedakAH atRdilAsaH svayamanyenA- jaise vibhinna zabdoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki usa bhinnAH supavisaH subalAH atRSitAH tRSArahitAH samaya kumAriyA~ pravrajyA grahaNa karatI thIM, yaha loka atRSNajaH niHspRhA bhavaya / " vizruta thaa| bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI brAhmI aura caturtha khaNDa : jaina saMskRti ke vividha AyAma 281 5. sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha
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________________ sundarI donoM putriyoM ne kumArI avasthA meM hI zramaNA pada grahaNa kiyA thA / vivAha ke lie samuad rAjImatI bhI neminAtha dvArA dIkSA lene para zramaNA (AryikA ) bana gaI thIM / tIrthaMkara neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ne bhI kumAra avasthA meM hI zramaNa dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| svayaM zAkaTAyana bhI zramaNa saMgha ke AcArya the| jaisA ki nimna uddharaNa se spaSTa hai "mahAzramaNa saMghAdhipatiryaH zAkTAyanaH" - zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa ci0 TIkA 1 prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa pANinI kA nimna sUtra bhI dRSTavya hai " kumAraH zramaNAdibhiH " - aSTAdhyAyI 2/1/70 "yeSAM ca virodhaH zAzvatikaH ityasyAvakAzaH zramaNa brAhmaNam" - pAtajala mahAbhASya 3/4/6 pANinI ke isa sUtra kA yaha udAharaNa hai, jinakA zAzvata virodha hai yaha sUtra kA artha hai / yahA~ jo virodha zAzvatika batalAyA hai vaha kisI hetu vizeSa se utpanna nahIM huA / zAzvatika virodha saiddhAntika hI ho sakatA hai / kyoMki kisI nimitta se hone vAlA virodha usa nimitta ke samApta hone para dUra ho jAtA hai / kintu maharSi ke zAzvatika pada se yaha siddha hotA hai ki zramaNoM aura brAhmaNoM kA koI virodha hai jo zAzvatika hai / isa Azaya se hama isa nirNaya para pahu~cate haiM ki brAhmaNa vaidika dhArA kA pratinidhitva karate hue ekezvaravAda tathA jJAna se mukti mAnate jabaki zramaNa paramparA anekezvara tathA anekAnta siddhAMta ke AdhAra para anAsakti, tyAga aura kaTora tapazcaraNa ke dvArA karmoM kI nirjarApUrvaka mukti ko mAnate haiM, unake anusAra samyakdarzana, samyakjJAna aura samyakcAritra se hI mokSa kI upalabdhi sambhava / isake atirikta zramaNa vicAradhArA ke antargata Izvara kA sRSTikartRtva svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai / zramaNa aura brAhmaNoM kA yahI saiddhAntika virodha zAzvatika kahA jA sakatA hai / 282 vastutaH jJAna aura kriyA kA saMyukta rUpa hI mokSa kA hetu hai, jaisAki kahA gayA hai- "jJAnakriyAbhyAM mokSaH iti sarvajJopadezaH " - sUtrArtha muktAvali 45 brAhmaNA bhujate nityaM nAthabantazca bhujate / tApasA sujate cApi zramaNAcaiva bhujate // - bAlmIki rAmAyaNa vA0 yahA~ nityaprati bahuta se brAhmaNa, nAthavanta, tapasvI aura zramaNa bhojana karate haiM / isa prakAra atyanta prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI - zramaNa saMskRti kI avicchinna, paramparA vaidika kAla meM paryApta vikasita tathA pUrNatA prApta thI, usa samaya isake anuyAyiyoM ko saMkhyA bhI apekSA dRSTi se bahuta adhika thI, vartamAna meM mohana jodar3o ke utkhanana se prApta sAMskRtika avazeSoM meM aneka dhyAnastha yogiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ upalabdha huI haiM jisase jainadharma aura zramaNa saMskRti kI prAcInatA nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hotI hai, aneka aitihAsika pramANoM se yaha tathya siddha hai ki vaidika yuga meM vrAtyoM aura zramaNa jJAniyoM kI paramparA kA pratinidhitva jainadharma ne kiyA / dharma, darzana, saMskRti, nIti, kalA aura zilpa kI dRSTi se bhAratIya itihAsa meM jainadharma kA vizeSa yoga rahA hai / jainadharma aura zramaNa saMskRti ke sambandha kA jahA~ taka prazna hai vaha sarvathA nirmUla evaM avyAvahArika hai, kyoMki do vastuoM kA pArasparika sambandha kevala vahA~ hotA hai jahA~ do vastuoM meM pRthakatA yA bhinnatA hotI hai, yahA~ zramaNa saMskRti vastutaH jainadharma se bhinna yA pRthak nahIM hai, donoM meM zAbdika bhinnatA avazya hai / donoM abhinna aura eka haiM / jainadharma ke kAraNa zramaNa saMskRti kA AdhyAtmika pakSa itanA samujjvala aura loka kalyAkArI huA hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki yaha saMskRti jaina saMskRti ke nAma se bhI vyavahRta hotI va jAnI caturtha khaNDa : jaina saMskRti ke vividha AyAma sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha
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________________ jAtI hai, jainadharma meM zramaNa zabda kA vyApaka vyava- apane samAja meM apane nimnocca evaM kaluSita bhAvoM hAra tathA zramaNoM ke AcAra-vicAra ke kAraNa hI ke AdhAra para kucha isa prakAra kI pravRtti ko prazraya jainadharma ke sAMskRtika svarUpa jJApana karane kI de rakhA hai jisake kAraNa usake AcaraNa evaM vyavadRSTi se loka vyavahAra meM usakA vyavahAra zramaNa hAra se dUsaroM meM nirbhayatA utpanna nahIM ho paatii| saMskRti ke nAma se kiyA jAne lagA / nirgrantha jaina yahI kAraNa hai ki sabhI prANI apane sajAtIya sAdhu kA AcaraNa karane vAloM ke lie prAcInakAla athavA vijAtIya prANiyoM se sadA bhayabhIta evaM meM zramaNa zabda itanA adhika pracalita aura prasiddhi zaMkAzIla bane rahate haiN| samAja kI yaha sthiti hiMsAprApta huA ki usake AdhAra para tatsambandhI pUrNa vRtti yA AcaraNa kI paricAyaka hai / prANiyoM sAMskRtika paramparA evaM vicAradhArA ko zramaNa ko isa prakAra kI vRtti se mukta karanA tathA unameM | nAma se jAnA jAne lgaa| samatvabhAva utpanna karanA hI zramaNa saMskRti kA zramaNa saMskRti kA svarUpa evaM vyApakatA mUla hai / isakA saiddhAntika, vaicArika evaM vyavahA- 710) zramaNa saMskRti kA svarUpa sadaiva vyApaka rahA hai, rika rUpa hI zramaNa saMskRti kA paricAyaka tathA pArasparika bhedabhAva evaM virodha kI bhAvanA ne isa usakI vyApakatA kA dyotaka hai| saMskRti meM kabhI prazraya nahIM pAyA / yahI kAraNa hai| mAnava-jIvana ke pratyeka pakSa ko samujjvala banAne ki prANi mAtra meM samatA bhAva kA Ada vAlI zramaNa saMskRti vastutaH bhAratIya saMskRti karane kA zreya mAtra zramaNa saMskRti ko hI labdha ho kI vaha pramukha dhArA hai jise atIta aura vartamAna sakA hai| samatA ke Adarza kA mukhya AdhAra hai satya, meM pIr3ita evaM karAhatI huI mAnavatA ko Azraya ahisA, aparigraha, anekAnta (vyApaka dRSTikoNa) pradAna kara hitAhita viveka dvArA Atma-kalyANa tathA pArasparika sneha, prema aura sauhArda kA bhaav| karane tathA bhUle va bhaTake hue prANiyoM ko sanmArga manuSya meM ina bhAvoM kA pratyUdagamana usakI usa meM lAkara jIvana kA antima lakSya batalAne kA mAnasika nirmala vRtti kA paricAyaka hai jo kramazaH zreya prApta hai| zrama-tyAga-tapasyA-zama-indriya dveSa, IrSyA aura va krodharahita bhAva ke janma kA viSaya-kaSAyanigraha-samatAbhAva tathA mana-AtmA kI nirmalatA, pavitratA tathA sAMsArika viSayoM ke 740 hetu hai, yahI bhAva mAnava sulabha vRtti ke pratipAdaka hote haiM, jo jIvana kI vaiSamyapUrNa sthiti meM samatva prati anAsakti bhAva kA saMyukta rUpa hI zramaNa ) vRtti kI preraNA pradAna karate haiN| yahI samatvavatti saMskRti kA vaha vyApaka svarUpa hai jo 'sarvajanahitAya' mAnava-jIvana meM Ane vAlI vipattiyoM aura jIvana kI pAvana bhAvanA se pa yApana kI durUhatA kA samUlocchena karane meM sahAyaka AdhyAtmika athavA AtmavAdI hone ke kAraNa hotI hai| zramaNa saMskRti ne bhAratIya jana-jIvana ko amUlya prANiyoM meM pArasparika bhaya se samatpanna manaH- dena dI hai| nivRttiparaka uddezyoM kI prApti ke lie sthiti hI aneka viSamabhAvoM kI janmadAtrI hai. jaba tathA isa paribhramaNazIla saMsAra se AtmA kI mUkti taka jIvana meM bhayapUrNa sthiti kA pUrNataH uccheda ke lie jitanA jora zramaNa saMskRti ne diyA hai, nahIM ho jAtA taba taka samatvavRtti kA bhAva mAnava utanA kisI anya saMskRti ne nahIM diyaa| zramaNa | mAnasa meM utpanna honA sambhava nahIM hai| jIvana meM svabhAvataH mumukSu hotA hai aura usake lie apanI , nirbhayatA, RjutA aura samatA bhAva kI preraNA AtmA kI mukti pradhAna lakSya hai / isIlie zramaNa kevala ahiMsA se hI prApta hotI hai| yaha ahiMsA hI saMskRti meM Atmatatva va mokSatatva mukhya vicAraNIya zramaNa saMskRti kA mUla hai, vartamAna meM prANiyoM ne (zeSAMza pRSTha 286 para dekheM) catuthaM khaNDa : jaina saMskRti ke vividha AyAma 283 ( sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha Jalir Education International Por Private & Personal Use Only