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________________ sakatI hai, jaba ki vaha vaicArika dRSTi se apane ko kabhI anudAra nahIM hone detI / isI lie jana-kalyANa ke nimitta vaicArika udAratA kI zata Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya mAnI gaI hai| lokamArga kA netRtva vahI kara sakatA hai, jo vicAra se udAra hotA hai aura AcAra kI dRSTi se 'AtmanepadI' / AcAra kI dRSTi se jo kevala 'parasmaipadI' hotA hai, usakA vicAra yA AcAra kabhI lokagrAhya nahIM hotA / isalie, sampUrNa bhAratIya saMskRti meM Atmacintana ko sarvopari mahatva diyA gayA hai| udAravAdI dRSTi se yaha spaSTa hai ki Atmacintana zramaNa-saMskRti kA udAtta kA sambandha Atma-saMyama yA AtmaniyantraNa yA Atmadamana dRSTikoNa se jur3A huA hai| zramaNa tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ne Atmadamana ko bar3A kaThina batAyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai : - DaoN zrIraMjana sUrideva appA ceva dameyavvo appA hu khalu duddamo / bhU0 pU0 saMpAdaka, pariSad patrikA appA danto suhI hoi assi loe parastha ya // bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA __-uttarA0 1/15 mAnava-samAja meM jaba vaicArika hrAsa A jAtA hai, nizcaya hI, durdama AtmA kA damana karanevAlA vyakti taba usameM saMkIrNatA kA praveza hotA hai aura usakI hI isa loka aura paraloka meM sukhI hotA hai| Atmadamana cintanadhArA kA udAtta dRSTikoNa saMzaya ke dhuMdhalake meM AtmapIr3ana kA paryAya hai / AtmA ke anukUla vedanIya sukha digbhrAnta ho jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM vizeSa rUpa se hai aura pratikUla vedanIya duHkha / tIrthakara puruSa ca~ ki sarvajAti aura dharma hI saMkIrNatA ke praveza-dvAra huA karate bhUtahita ke AkAMkSI hote haiM, isalie ve pratikUla vedahaiM / jAti aura dharma ke prati durAgraha yA haThAgraha hI vecA- nIyatA para vijaya pAne ke nimitta Atmadamana yA Atmarika saMkIrNatA ko janma detA hai| isa sandarbha meM zramaNa pIr3ana karate haiN| arthAt, paratrANa ke lie pratikUla ko saMskRti kA dRSTikoNa isalie udAtta hai ki vaha anakala banAkara Atmasukha anubhava karate haiN| aura, sahI - vaicArika saMkIrNatA kA sarvathA pratyAkhyAna karatI hai| mAne meM udAra vyakti vahI hotA hai, jo paraduHkha ke zramaNa-saMskRti aura vaidika-saMskRti ke bIca, aiti- vinAza ke lie AtmaduHkha ko varaNa karane meM hI sukha kA hAsika dRSTikoNa se koI spaSTa vibhAjaka rekhA nahI anubhava karatA hai| isalie, 'vasudeva hiNDI' ke 'dhammillakhIMcI jA sktii| ye donoM saMskRtiyA~ cakragati ke anu- carita' meM dharma kI paribhASA karate hue saMghadAsagaNi vAcaka krama se samaya-samaya para apanI sattA sthApita karatI rahI ne kahA hai : 'parassa adukkhakaraNaM dhammotti' / isa prakAra haiN| jisa saMskRti meM jitanI adhika vaicArika udAratA sampUrNa zrAmaNya saMskRti paraduHkha ke vinAzamUlaka udAratA rahegI, usakI sattA utanI hI avicala aura lokATata kI udAtta bhAvanA se otaprota hai| hogii| adhunA zramaNa-saMskRti ke prati atyadhika lokAgraha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke paMcayAma dharma meM zramaNa-saMskRti kA kAraNa usakI vaicArika udAratA hI hai| ke udAtta dRSTikoNa kA hI bhavyatama viniyoga huA hai| __ koI bhI saMskRti mAnava-jijIviSA kI pUrti ke ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ye pA~coM sAdhanoM kI prApti ke upAyoM kA samartha nirdeza tabhI kara sAdhAraNa jana-jIvana ko udAtta dRSTikoNa se saMvalita 18 ]
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________________ karanevAle aise vicAra-bindu haiM, jinase samyak darzana, kara baiThate haiN| isIlie, bhagavAna mahAvIra ne karmaNA samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra kI upalabdhi sambhava jAti kI paribhASA prastuta karate hue kahA: hotI hai aura mokSa kA mArga udghATita hotA hai| kammuNA bambhaNo hoi kammuNA hoi khttio| lokeSaNA yA lokahita zramaNa saMskRti ke udAtta kammuNA baisso hoi suddho havai kammuNA // dRSTikoNa kA mahanIya pakSa hai| Adhunika lokadRSTi -uttarA0 25/31 isalie anudAra ho gaI hai ki vaha hiMsA, asatya, coya- ahiMsAvAda para anAsthA ke kAraNa hI Aja samAja vRtti, kAma-lipsA aura saMcaya-vRtti se AkrAnta hai / anu- meM jAtigata hInabhAvanA kA vistAra ho rahA hai| jAti dAratA hI saMkIrNa vicAra kI jananI hai| Aja ke vakrajar3a ke sambandha meM hamArA dRSTikoNa udAtta nahIM raha gayA hai| loga dukhyiA ke viSa se mUcchita haiM / Atma hita ke lie hama isIlie, U~ca-nIca. chaAchata Adi ke ghere meM bandI parahita kA pratyAkhyAna unakA dharma ho gayA hai| Asa- banate jA rahe haiN| zramaNa-saMskRti durabhimAna ko canautI par3osa ke jalate hue gharoM ke bIca apane ghara ko surakSita detI hai aura saghoSa udaghoSaNA karatI hai : 'mattI me samajhane kA pramAda hI unakA AtmasaMskAra bana gayA hai| savvabhaesu / ' paraduHkha ke vinAza meM Atmasukha ko sahI na mAnakara ve sAmAjika avadhAraNA ke sandarbha meM aparigrahavAda Atmasukha ko paraduHkha kA kAraNa banAnA ucita samajhate bhI zramaNa-saMskRti ke udAtta dRSTikoNa kA paricaya prastuta haiN| zramaNa-saMskRti isI anudAra dRSTi ke nimUlana ke karatA hai| aparigraha kA tAtparya dhana ke prati svAmitva kI prayAsa ke prati satat AsthAzIla hai / bhAvanA kA parityAga hai| anAvazyaka saMcaya se sAmAnya zramaNa-saMskRti ahiMsA, aparigraha aura anekAnta ke lokajIvana ko kaSTa pahu~catA hai| ghUsakhorI, jamAkhorI, udAtta dRSTikoNa kI tripuTI para AdhRta hai| anekAnta kI milAvaTa,taskarI Adi kA vyApAra parigrahakA hI jaghanyatama udAra vicAradhArA zramaNa-saMskRti kA mahAgha avadAna hai| rUpa hai| hama dhana se dUsare kI sahAyatA karate bhI haiM, to anekAnta yadi vaicArika udAtta dRSTikoNa kA pratIka hai. svAmitva kI bhAvanA rakhakara hii| svAmitva kI bhAvanA to ahiMsA aura aparigraha AcAragata udAratA kA pari- kA tyAga hama nahIM kara paate| isase aparigraha kA sahI cAyaka / zramaNa-saMskRti kA ahiMsAvAda bhI sImita paridhi rUpa tirohita hI raha jAtA hai| aura phira, hama saMkIrNa kI vastu nahIM hai| prANIvadha jaisI dravyahiMsA se bhI adhika bhAvanA se Upara nahIM uTha pAte, hamArA vaicArika dRSTikoNa vyApaka bhAvahiMsA para zramaNa-saMskRti bala detI hai| usakA udAtta nahIM ho pAtA / zramaNa-saMskRti aparigraha ke mAdhyama mantavya hai ki mUlataH bhAvahiMsA hI dravyahiMsA kA kAraNa se hameM udAtta dRSTikoNa pradAna karatI hai, jisase hamAre hai / yadi bhAvahiMsA para niyantraNa ho jAya, to phira dravya- antarmana meM sarvodaya kI bhAvanA kA saMcAra hotA hai aura hiMsA kA prazna hI nahIM utthe| Aja sAmAjika jIvana meM janamAnasa grahaNa kI saMkIrNa bhAvanA se tyAga kI udAtta bhAvahiMsA kI pradhAnatA se hI dravyahiMsA hotI hai aura yahI bhUmi kI ora abhimukha hotA hai / phira bhayaMkara yuddha aura bhISaNa raktapAta meM pariNata ho zramaNa-saMskRti kA anekAntavAda usakI udAtta dRSTi jAtI hai| kA eka aisA prakAza-stambha hai, jisase sampUrNa vizva kA jAti aura dharma kI bhAvanA meM saMkIrNatA Ane para jIvana-darzana Alokita hai| anekAnta, janasamudAya ko hiMsA kA udaya svAbhAvika hai| isa sthiti meM puNya kI durAgrahavA ditA kI saMkIrNa manovRtti se mukta hone kI paribhASA paropakAra na hokara sAmAnya vaiyaktika pUjA- preraNA detA hai| darzana ke kSetra meM yA phira jIvana ke pATha meM niHzeSa ho jAtI hai| jAtyAbhimAna hameM adhaHpatana vyAvahArika jagata meM vyApta zreSTha-azreSTha kI bhAvanA ke kI ora le jAtA hai aura isase hama mAnavatA kA nirAdara vyAmoha kA vilopa anekAnta se hI sambhava hai| nIra-kSIra [ 16
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________________ viveka kI samprApti ekamAtra anekAnta se hI ho sakatI hai / sat ke prati Asakti aura asat ke prati vairAgya anekAnta kI bhAvanA se hI AtA hai / Aja / bhASika zuddhi kI dRSTi se syAdavAda aura becArika zuddhi kI dRSTi se anekAntavAda kI sthApanA zramaNasaMskRti kI udAttatA kA hI pAryantika rUpa hai / hama kisI vastu ko ekAnta dRSTi se satya mAnane kA bhrama pAlate haiM / kintu, anekAntavAda isa bhrama ko dUra karatA hai kintu vastu ko hama ekAnta dRSTi se satya mAnakara apanI anudAtta dRSTi kA hI paricaya dete haiN| koI bhI mAnava ekAnta bhAva se pUrNa nahIM hotA / yadi hama kisI darzana ke tatva ko hI paNDita mAna lete haiM, to yaha ekAnta dRSTi huI sambhava hai, usa paNDita ko sAMkhyikI meM tattvajJatA prApta nahIM, to phira use ekAnta bhAva se paNDita kahanA ucita bhI nahIM / anekAnta dRSTi se darzana kI apekSA yadi vaha paNDita hai, to sAMkhyikI kI apekSA paNDita nahIM bhI hai| isI vicAradhArA ke AdhAra para anekAnta meM 'saptabhaMgI naya' kI pratiSThA huI hai| isa naya ke dvArA hama ekAnta se anekAnta kI ora prasthAna karate haiM, jahA~ hameM sampUrNa jAgatika sthiti kA sahI abhijJAna prApta hotA hai aura udAtta dRSTikoNa se saMvalita hone kA avasara milatA hai / sarvadharmasamanvaya kI samasyA kA samAdhAna bhI anekAnta hI de sakatA hai| jJAna aura dayA zramaNa saMskRti ke merudaNDa haiN| ye donoM aise divya tattva haiM, jinameM udAtta dRSTikoNa kA apAra sAgara taraMgita hotA rahatA hai / koI bhI jJAnI puruSa anudAra nahIM ho sakatA aura kisI bhI dayAlu kI vicAradhArA saMkIrNa nahIM hotI / kintu, dayA kI bhAvanA kA udaya binA jJAna ke sambhava nhiiN| isIlie, jinavANI kI mAntrika bhASA hai : 'paDhamaM NANaM tao dayA / ' zramaNasaMskRti meM jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnA gayA hai / jJAna bhI aisA, jo sva aura para ko samAna rUpa se AbhAsita kare aura usameM kisI prakAra kA bAdhA vyavadhAna na ho| isIlie AcArya siddhasena ne kahA hai : 'pramANaM svaparAbhAsi jJAnaM bAdhavivarjitam / ' udAtta dRSTikoNa ke lie jJAna kA honA anivArya hai aura jJAna kA kriyAnvayana 20] dayA bhAvanA se hI sambhava hai| jJAna kI hI sakriya avasthA dayA hai| jJAna kI sakriyatA ke lie dayA anivArya hai| kahanA cAhie ki jJAna aura dayA donoM eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiM / isIlie, ananta jJAna se sampanna tIrthaMkara dayAlu' yA 'kalyANamitra' kI saMjJA se sambodhita hue / brahmacarya kI vyAkhyA meM bhI zramaNa saMskRti ne udAra dRSTikoNa se kAma liyA hai| anyatra jahA~ 'maraNaM vindupatena jIvana vindudhAraNAta' kA kaThora nirdeza milatA ko hai, vahIM zramaNa saMskRti ne 'svadArasantoSa vrata Aja brahmacarya ke nAma brahmacarya kA darajA diyA hai| para unmukta yonamedha kA jo nagna tANDava dRSTigata hotA hai, usakA saMyamana 'svadArasantoSa vrata se sahaja hI sambhava hai| ekamAtra apanI patnI meM hI santoSa ke vrata kA pAlana kiyA jAya, to kAmoSmA se pratapta Adhunika samAja meM saMyama ke svargIya sukha kI avatAraNA ho jAya / zramaNa saMskRti apane udAtta dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa hI vyaSTigata dhAraNA kI apekSA samaSTigata dhAraNA ke prati AgrahazIla hai| vaha 'bhUmA vai sukhaM nAlpe sukhamasti' ke siddhAnta kA samarthana karatI hai / vaha pramA ( tadvat tatprakArakaM jJAnaM ) para AsthA rakhatI hai, bAharI cAkacikA ko nakAra detI hai| vaha siddhAntoM ke bhaTakAva kI sthiti nahIM utpanna karatI / vaha to jIvana ko santrAsa, kuNThA, anAsthA, visaMgati Adi durbhAvanAoM ke ghAta pratighAtI se bacane ko prerita karatI hai, tAki mAnava apanI mAnavatA kI carama pariNati ke sumeru para virAjamAna ho sake, siddhazilA para AsIna hokara palyopama bhUmi ko Ayatta kara sake / Aja kA mAnava nitAnta parigrahI ho gayA hai| usane apane irda-girda aneka ADambara cipakA rakhe haiM / ajJAnatA aura dayAhInatA ke kAraNa vaha anapekSita AbhijAtya bhAvanA meM par3akara mAnavatA kI garimA se paricyuta ho gayA hai| vaha bAhya jagat meM akarma ko karma aura karma ko akarma mAna baiThA hai| bhautikatA se atiparicaya ke kAraNa vaha AdhyAtmikatA kI avajJA kara rahA hai| usakA koI bhI kathana na to sucintita hotA hai, na hI vaha koI suvicArita
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________________ kArya kara pAtA hai / kula milAkara, Adhunika mAnava samAja meM Atmapradarzana kI mithyA gatAnugatikatA kI aisI lahara chA gaI hai ki vaha sivAya dUsare kA chInane ke alAvA aura kucha soca hI nahIM sakatA / zramaNa saMskRti ne isIlie, asteyabhAvanA ko sAmAjika jIvana meM pratiSThA dI hai| IzopaniSad kI 'tena tyaktena bhuJjajIthA mA gRdhaH kasya sviddhanam' jaisI sAmAjika bhAvanA ko ubuddha karane vAlI cetAvanI ko Aja ke mAnava ne najaraandAja kara diyA hai, isIlie usameM coryavRtti A gaI hai| Atmadhana kI apekSA paradhana ke prati tRSNA se vaha nirantara AkulavyAkula ho rahA hai / phalataH, usake saMyama kA cAbuka bekAra ho gayA hai aura indriyoM ke ghor3e belagAma ho gaye haiM / usake jaisA kAmagRdhra vyakti kAma se hI kAma ko zAnta karanA cAhatA hai / ghI se Aga ko ThaNDA karanA cAhatA hai ! aura isake lie vaha cauryavRtti se hI apane sukha santoSa kI sAmagrI juTAne meM prabala puruSArtha mAna rahA hai aura hiMsA tathA mithyAtva ke prati ekAnta AgrahazIla ho uThA hai / sArasvata meM bhI Aja ajIba chInA-jhapaTI cala rahI hai| gItA kI 'svadharme nidhanaM zreyaH paradharmo bhayAvahaH' kI cetAvanI bhI use yAda nahIM raha gaI hai| phalataH, usakI jindagI kI gAr3I samatala sar3aka ko chor3akara ubar3akhAbar3a rAste meM daur3a par3I hai| kRtrima pAzcAtya saMskRti kI cakAcauMdha meM par3a usane apanI sahaja prAcya saMskRti kI upekSA kara dI hai| yahA~ taka ki apanI bhASA aura sAhitya ko bhI vaha mUlyahIna mAnane lagA hai| usake mUlyAMkana kI tulA hI abhAratIya ho gaI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki Adhunika mAnava vibhinna matavAdoM aura sAmpradAyika rUr3hiyoM kI vAtyA meM viluNThita ho rahA hai| usakA apanA jJAnabodha ahaMkAra ke a~dhere meM DUba gayA hai / aisI sthiti meM zramaNa-saMskRti ke paMcayAma dharma kI projjvala prabhA usake timirAvRtta hRdaya ko bhAsvara banA sakatI hai| usake digbhraSTa jIvana-pota ke lie anekAnta jayapatAkA dizAsUcaka yantra kA kAma kara sakatI hai| kyoMki, zramaNa saMskRti ke paMcayAma dharma meM mAnava kI cetanA ko anAvazyaka Agraha se alaga kara apekSita anAgraha ke jyotiSpatha kI ora le calane kI aparimita zakti hai / kahanA na hogA ki zramaNasaMskRti meM jIvana ke vidhAyaka aneka mahattvapUrNa pakSa - jaise avarNavAda, dhArmika AcaraNa ke nAma para hiMsA evaM parigrahamUlaka ADambaroM kA pratikSepa, saiddhAMtika matoM kA samanvaya, sAmAjika jIvana meM samatAvAda kI sthApanA ke dvArA strI-puruSoM ke lie samAna pragati kI yojanA, adhika dhana kA pratyAkhyAna aura prApta dhana kA svAmitva - hIna samAna vitaraNa, pU~jIvAda kA virodha, U~ca-nIca aura spRzyAspRzya jaisI samAjotthAna-virodhI bhAvanA kA nirAkaraNa Adi - pratinihita haiM, jinase usake udAtta dRSTikoNa kA pratyakSa parijJAna prApta hotA hai / zramaNa saMskRti meM zramaNa, brAhmaNa, muni aura tApasa ke lie kisI nirdhArita veza- vizeSa kI AvazyakatA nahIM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne inakI paribhASA upasthita karate hue nirdeza kiyA hai : na vi muNDieNa samaNo na oMkAreNa bambhaNo / na muNI raNNavAseNa kusacIreNa na tAvaso | samayAe samaNo hoi bambhacereNa bambhaNo / NANeNa ya muNI hoi tatreNaM hoi tAvaso // nissandeha, kevala sira mur3A lene se koI zramaNa nahIM hotA, na hI oMkAra ke japa se brAhmaNa / jaMgala meM rahane se hI muni nahIM hotA aura na kuza tathA cIvara dhAraNa karane se tapasvI / vastutaH, jo samatA se sampanna hai, vahI zramaNa hai, brahmacarya kA upAsaka hI brAhmaNa hai, jJAnI hI muni hai| aura tapa karanevAlA hI tapasvI / isa prakAra, zramaNa-saMskRti ne pratyeka vyakti ko utthAna ke mArga kA adhikArI ghoSita kiyA hai| / apanI sAdhanA se sarvasAmAnya vyakti bhI pAramezvarya kI siddhi sulabha kara sakatA hai| zramaNa saMskRti ne Izvara ke kartRva ko nakArate hue mAnava ke ajeya puruSArtha ke prati aDiga AsthA abhivyakta kI hai| Atmazakti ke prati avizvAsa [ 21
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________________ ho jAne ke kAraNa hI vaha kisI pAramezvarI zakti kI jIvana-darzana zramaNa-saMskRti ke jIvana-darzana kA hI kalpanA kara usake prati samarpita ho jAtA hai| paravattI- paravartI vyApaka vistAra hai, jisakI udAtta vicAradhArA kAlIna bhakta kavi caNDIdAsa kI prasiddha kAvya-paMkti- paramparAnukrama se vikasita hokara Aja kI sAmAjika evaM 'sabAra Upare mAnusa satya meM zramaNa-saMskRti kA hI udAtta Arthika abhyutthAnamUlaka rASTrIya yojanA viMzasUtrI kAryadRSTikoNa samAhita hai| krama se A jur3I hai| isalie yaha kahanA atizayokti na . hogA ki rASTrIya abhiyAna ke pratyeka par3Ava para yA zramaNa-saMskRti ke udAtta vicArapradhAna dArzanika sAmAjika jIvana ke hara mor3a para pragati aura utkarSa kA cintana ne rASTrapitA mahAtmA gA~dhI ko bhI anukUlita mantra phUMkanevAlI zramaNa-saMskRti ko kisI viziSTa deza, kiyA thA aura gA~dhIjI ke prasiddha gyAraha vratoM meM prArambha kAla, Ayu, nAma, gotra Adi kI sImA meM rakhakara dekhane ke pA~ca vrata bhagavAna mahAvIra ke hI paMcayAma dharma se kI apekSA sampUrNa vizva ke sandarbha meM maMgalakArI udAtta Akalita haiN| kahanA yaha cAhie ki mahAtmA gA~dhI kA dRSTikoNa kA hI paryAya samajhanA samIcIna hai| 22 ]