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________________ zramaNa-sAdhanA DaoN0 zobhanAtha pAThaka mAnava ko mAnavatA kI tulA para gurutara hone ke lie sAdhanA-sampannatA apekSita hai| sAdhanApatha kaMTakAkIrNa avazya hotA hai kintu sAdhaka ke kaThora tapa-saMyama-saMkalpa Adi ke samanvayAtmaka sambala se patha kA prazasta honA svAbhAvika hai aura sAdhaka apane gantavya taka pahuMca jAtA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI satya, ahiMsA, asteya, aparigraha aura brahmacarya kI varIyatA ko samajhAte hue pratyeka sAdhaka ke lie Avazyaka batAyA hai| sAdhaka kI sAdhanA va prAtmavizvAsa para samasta siddhiyAM usake caraNa camatI haiN| arhanta bhI kevalajJAna aura siddhi prApta karane ke lie kisI anya kI sahAyatA na lekara svayaM kI sAdhanA se kevalajJAna prApta karate haiM / tabhI to kahA gayA hai nApekSA cakrire'rhantaH parasAhAyika kvacit , kevalaM kevalajJAnaM, prApnuvanti svavIryataH / / svavIryeNaiva gacchaMti jinendrAH paramaM padam / ' tAtparya yaha hai ki jaina dharma meM kaThoratama saMyama-sAdhanA ko sarvocca prAthamikatA dI gaI hai, jisake sambala se zramaNa-zramaNI (sAdhu-sAdhviyA~) asIma prAdhyAtmika upalabdhiyA~ ajita kara samAja ko saMvArate hue aMtataH paramapada (nirvANa) ko prApta karate haiN| zramaNa-sAdhanA prANiyoM ke abhyudaya ko jo utkarSa pradAna karatI hai, saMbhavataH anyatra aisI mahattA nahIM hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne lokopakAra kI bhAvanA se tabhI to caturvidha saMgha kI vyavasthA kA upadeza diyA thA jisako tIrtha va mahAtIrtha kI mahattA pradAna kI gayI hai| yathA titthaM puNa cAuvannAinne samaNasaMgho, taMjahA-samaNA, samaNIo, sAvayA, saaviyaao|' zramaNa, zramaNI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA hI jaina dharma kI dhurI haiN| 'zramaNa' zabda hI sAdhanA kA paricAyaka hai| tapa aura kheda (parizrama) arthavAlI 'zram' dhAtu se zramaNa zabda banatA hai| prAcArya haribhadra sUri ne kahA hai ki 'zrAmyantIti zramaNA tapasyantItyarthaH' arthAt jo tapa karatA hai vaha zramaNa hai| prAcArya raviSeNa ne tapa ko hI zrama kahA hai jisase rAjA loga bhI apane vaibhavapUrNa jIvana ko tyAga abhibhUta hue parityajya napo rAjyaM, zramaNo jAyate mahAna / tapasA prApya sambandhastapo hi zrama ucyate / 1. tri, za. pu. ca. 10 / 29 se 33 2. bhagavatIsUtra saTIka, zataka 2, 3, 8, sUtra 682, patra 146 3. padmacarita, 62 dhammo dIvo saMsAra samupa meM dharma hI dIpa jahelibrary.org
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________________ caturtha khaNDa / 294 rAjA loga rAjya kA parityAga kara tapa se jur3akara "zramaNa bana jAne meM gaurava kI anubhUti karate the| kyoMki tapa hI zrama hai|" 'zrama' dhAtu ke tapa aura kheda artha ko dhyAna meM rakha kara 'abhidhAnarAjendra koza' meM 'zramaNa' zabda kI vyutpatti isa prakAra batAI gaI hai, yathA "zramamAnayati paJcendriyANi manazceti vA zramaNaH, zrAmyati saMsAraviSayeSu khinno bhavati tapasyati vA sa shrmnnH|" zramaNa kA mUla prAkRta rUpa "samaNa" hai| isakA saMskRta rUpAntara-zramaNa, samana, zamana tathA zrama hai / zama aura sama zramaNasaMskRti kA mUlAdhAra hai| zramaNa sAdhaka hai, vaha siddhatva ke lie zrama karatA hai, tathA svayaM apane zrama se bhavabaMdhanoM ko tor3akara svayaM ko mukta karatA hai| 'samana' zabda 'sama' upasarga pUrvaka 'aNa' dhAtu se banatA hai jisakA artha hai sabhI prANiyoM para samAnatA kA bhAva rakhane vaalaa| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai-'samayAe samaNo hoi'' arthAta samatA se hI zramaNa hotA hai / isI tathya ko isI meM parakhiye Natthi ya se koI veso, pio ya samvesu jIvesu / eeNa hoi samaNo, eso anno vipjjaao| arthAt jo kisI se dveSa nahIM karatA, jisako sabhI jIva samAna bhAva se priya haiM, vaha samaNa hai / TIkAkAra hemacandra ne ukta pada ke 'samaNaM' zabda kA nirvacana 'samamana' kiyA hai jisakA tAtparya hai sabhI jIvoM ke prati samAna mana arthAt samabhAva / nirukta vidhi ke anusAra 'samamana' eka makAra kA lopa hokara 'samana' ho gayA arthAt "sarveSvapi jIveSu samamanastvAt" anena bhavati samaM mano'syeti niruktavidhinA 'samanA' ityeSo'nyo'pi paryAya: so samaNo jai sumaNo, bhAveNa jai Na hoi pApamaNo / sayaNe ajaNe ya samo, samo amANAvamANesu // 3 "samaNa" sumanA hotA hai| vaha kabhI bhI pApamana nahIM hotA / arthAt jisakA mana sadaiva prasanna-svaccha nirmala rahatA hai, kabhI bhI kaluSita nahIM hotA tathA jo svajana evaM parajana meM, mAna va apamAna meM sarvatra sama rahatA hai, santulita rahatA hai, vaha 'samaNa' hai| Aja ke hiMsaka vAtAvaraNa meM samaNa kI bhUmikA aura bhI upayogI hai jo logoM ko 'ahiMsA' kI mahattA se paricita karAye / tabhI to kahA gayA hai jaha mama Na piyaM duvaktaM, jANia emeva savvajIvANaM / Na haNai Na haNAvei, a samamaNai teNa so smnno||4 arthAta jisa prakAra du:kha mujhe acchA nahIM lagatA, usI prakAra saMsAra ke anya saba jIvoM ko bhI acchA nahIM lagatA hai| yaha samajha kara jo na svayaM hiMsA karatA hai, na dUsaroM se karavAtA 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 2 / 3 2. sthAnAGgasUtra-6 3. sthAnAGgasUtra-3 4. suutrkRtaangg-1|16|2
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________________ zramaNa-sAdhanA / 295 hai, sarvatra sama rahatA hai vaha 'samaNa' hai / sUtrakRtAGga meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki prAsakti rahita hokara kisI bhI prakAra kA parigraha nahIM rakhatA, kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA nahIM karatA, jhUTha nahIM bolatA, kAma, krodha, lobha, mada, moha, rAga, dveSa tathA prANAtipAta Adi jitane bhI karmAdAna aura AtmA ke patana ke hetu haiM, una sabase nivRtta rahatA hai tathA jitendriya, zuddha saMyamI va mamatva se rahita hai vahI samaNa hai / bhagavAna buddha ne bhI 'dhammapada' meM isI bhAva ko vyakta kiyA hai yathA: na muNDakena samaNo, avvato alikaM mnno| icchAlobhasamApanno, samaNo ki bhavissati // ' tathyata: zramaNa zramaNI kA kaThoratama tapomayI jIvana samAja meM AdhyAtmikatA ke utthAna, naitikatA ke nikhAra, sarvAGgINa samAnatA ke saMvAra hetu samarpita hotA hai| yuganirmANa kA bahuta bar3A uttaradAyitva isa varga para hai jabaki Aja kA aNu-pAkula aMtasa zAMti kI khoja meM bhaTaka rahA hai| vaibhava vilAsa kI cakAcauMdha meM bhAgatI huI pIr3hI ke lie to Aja adhyAtma va saMyama kA sambala aura bhI Avazyaka hai / ata: mAnavatA ke kalyANa hetu svayaM ko tapAkara sadAcAra kI sudhA pravAhita karanA zramaNa-zramaNI (sAdhu-sAdhvI) kA uttaradAyitvapUrNa pAvana kartavya hai| "zramaNa" kA strIliMga prAkRta meM "samaNI" hai tathA saMskRta meM zramaNI, zramaNA, zravaNA hai / "zramaNA"-kumArI sAdhvI tathA zramaNI-suhAgina strI sAdhvI / kahane kA tAtparya hai ki strI zramaNoM ko 'zramaNA' va 'zramaNI' zabda se sambodhita karate haiM yathA:"padamAkhyA zramaNImukhyA vizrANya zramaNIpadam"2 tathA "zramaNA dharmanipuNAmabhigacchati rAghava" aneka ullekhoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jo strI-puruSa kumArAvasthA meM hI zramaNa dIkSA grahaNa kara lete the ve kramazaH kumArazramaNA aura kugArazramaNa kahe jAte the yathA "kumAra: zramaNAdibhiH" tathA "kumAraH zramaNAdinA" / vaidika granthoM meM bhI isa zabda kA prayoga kaThoratama sAdhanA ke pariprekSya meM kiyA gayA hai / zramaNa sAdhanA kA gaMbhIra viSaya atyadhika garimAmaya va vistIrNa hai kintu saMkSiptataH isa choTe se lekha meM mujhe yahI kahanA hai ki 'zramaNasAdhanA atyadhika kaThora va lokopakArI hai| mAnavatA ke maMgala hetu zramaNa-zramaNI kaThoratama sAdhanA karake apanI kaMcana sI kAyA ko tapa kI lau meM tapAkara aisA rUpa pradAna karate haiM jisake pravacana ke zravaNa tathA darzana se hI manuSya kA mAkula aMtasa jur3a jAtA hai aura vaha asIma sukha zAMti kI anubhUti karatA hai| ata: prAja ke praNa prAyudhoM kI hor3a meM, bhautikatA va vaibhava ke bhaTakAva meM, dina pratidina bar3hatI hiMsAtmaka pravRtti ke zamana hetu, sAdhu-santoM kA kRpA-sambala saMsAra ke lie varadAnasvarUpa siddha ho sakatA hai, jisake lie samaSTimaya prayAsa Avazyaka hai| pAMca vratoM kA pracAra-prasAra karake mAnavatA ke maMgala kA AhvAna Aja kI anivAryatA hai| 0 -46, phatehagar3ha, bhopAla (ma. pra.) 1. dhammapada (dhammaTThavagga) 9-10 2. kSatracUDAmaNi-11-16 3. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa-1-1-56 dhammo dIvo saMsArasama .