Sat Asat

Author(s): Nagin J Shah
Publisher: Z_Bharatiya_Tattva_gyan_001201.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/249534/1

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sat-asata bhAratIya darzanakAro satu-asat, nitya-anitya, sAmAnya-vizeSa, abhilApyaanabhilAkha A yugalo upara dhyAna kendrita karI tAttvika carcAo kare che. AcArya haribhadde anekAntajayapatAkAmAM A yugalonuM ja jaina daSTibiMduthI vizleSaNa karyuM che. ahIM ApaNe sat-asat e yugalane laI teno vividha dArzanika siddhAnto ghaDavAmAM kevo phALo che te kramazaH joIzuM. satu-asanA dvandano ItihAsa rasika che ane cheka RgvadathI te zarU thAya che. TvedamAM indra, agni, pUSanuM, varuNa vagere bahu devo hatA. te devomAM bhaluM vyaktiAH bheda hoya paraMtu svarUpataH koI bheda nathI evuM keTalAkane sUjhayuM, ane temaNe kahyuM : ' viAI vasuthA vati.' badhA ja devo satu che ane e samAna dharma badhAmAM hoI e apekSAe badhA eka che, eka jAtinA che. jenonA saMgrahanaya jevuM A che. ahIM satno artha sAmAnya evo ghaTe che. paraMtu A sAmAnya te taiyAyikonI sattA jevuM deza-kAla-vyApI nitya sAmAnya nahi. ahIM deza ke kALane gaNatarImAM lIdhA vinA mAtra badhI vyaktio astitva dharAve che -- sat che - svarUpasat che ane eTalA arthamAM badhI eka che evuM abhipreta lAge che. badhI vyaktio sat che tema chatAM tene judAM judAM nAma ApavAnI vAta karI che. eka ja vastune apAtAM judAM judAM nAma paryAyo che ane te zabdaparyAyo vastuparyAyone- te vastunA vizeSone sucave che, te vizeSone ApaNe ahIM asat nAma ApI zakIe. sAmAnyano artha kAraNa ane viroSano artha kArya thaI zake che paNa ahIM saasatvane kArya-kAraNanA arthamAM sAmAnya vizeSa tarIke gaNavA te yogya lAgatuM nathI; kAraNa, RvedamAM ja eka sthaLe sat ane asane ekabIjAnI sAthe janma pAmatAM nirUpyAM che. ane sahotpannanI vacce kArya-kAraNabhAva to saMbhavato nathI. Ama ukta arthamAM ja sat-asatvano artha sAmAnya-vizeSa levo ucita lAge che. sAthe sAthe kALane lakSamAM rAkhIneya satu-asat vize vicAra thato rahyo lAge che. RgvadanA nAsadIyasUktamAM zarUmAM ja kahyuM che ke sRSTi pUrvena to satu hatuM ke na to asatu. ahIM eka bAju sat ke asat ane bIjI bAju sRSTi e benI vaccenA saMbhavita kAryakAraNabhAvano ADakataro nirdeza maLe che, paraMtu haju sudhI svayaM sat ane asat e benI vaccenA kArya-kAraNabhAvanuM sUcana sarakhuMya maLatuM nathI. AvuM sUcana ApaNane 'chA-dogya upaniSamAM maLe che. temAM eka evA matano ullekha che jenA anusAra

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna asatumAMthI satanI utpatti thAya che. Ano svAbhAvika artha e thAya ke taddana zUnyamAMthI sRSTi thAya che. nyAyadarzanamAMya abhAvamAMthI bhAvanI utpatti mAnanAra AvA ja eka matano ullekha ane tenuM khaMDana che. svayaM "chAndogya upaniSad' mAM A matano prativAda karavAmAM Avyo che. temAM kahyuM che ke sarvathA asatumAMthI satnI utpatti thaI zake ja nahi; AthI mAnavuM rahyuM ke sauprathama sat ekaluM ja hatuM, tene vicAra thayo ke huM ekamAMthI aneka thAuM ane pachI temAMthI kramaza: teja, jaLa, anna vagere utpanna thayAM.' TIkAkAroe asamAMthI sanI utpattine samajAvavA asatuno artha avyakta ane sano artha vyakta karyo che, ane kahyuM che ke asatamAMthI sat utpanna thAya che eno artha e che ke avyakta dazAmAMthI vyakta dazA thAya che. dArzanika yugamAM Avo prazna paNa rahyo che ke kArya e utpatti pahelAM kAraNamAM sat che ke asatu. sAMkhyoe kahyuM ke kArya kAraNamAM sat che paNa te tirohita - avyakta che. jyAre amuka sAmagrI prApta thAya che tyAre te vyakta thAya che. A che satkAryavAda. A vAka pramANe kArya ane kAraNa vacce cit abheda che ane ene laIne emano kArya-kAraNano siddhAnta kramika AMtarika vikAsano (gradual organic growth) siddhAnta banI jAya che. ane eTale ja emanAM kAryakAraNanAM daSTAntomAM bIja aMkura jevAM daSTAnto ja hoya che. naiyAyikoe mULa praznanA uttaramAM javAba vALyo ke kArya kAraNamAM sat nathI, kAraNamAM kArya zaktirUpe ke avyaktarUpe paNa nathI; paraMtu amuka sAmagrI UbhI thatAM, pUrve kAraNamAM vidyamAna nahi evuM kArya utpanna thAya che. A che asatkAryavAda. A vAda pramANe kArya ane kAraNa vacce atyanta bheda manAyo che ane ene laIne emano kArya-kAraNano siddhAMta yAMtrika (mechanical) banI jAya che. amuka avayavo amuka rIte goThavAI jAya eTale te avayavothI taddana bhinna eka avayavI utpanna thAya che. ahIM avayavo kAraNa che ane avayavI kArya che. emanI kArya-kAraNabhAvanI AvI yAMtrika kalpanAne laIne emanAM kArya-kAraNanAM daSTAnto paNa tantumAMthI paTa ane kapAlamAMthI ghaTa jevAM hoya che. keTalAka satkAryano artha evo kare che ke kAryamAM kAraNa sat che. kAraNabhUta brahmasat badhAM ja kAryomAM anusmRta che. A che vedAnI mata. bhagavAna buddha vibhajyavAdane AdhAre nitya dravyanI kalpanAne prAptisat kahI phagAvI dIdhI ane mAtra dharmone ja sat kahyA. AgaLa upara prazna Ubho thayo ke bhUta, vartamAna ane bhaviSyan badhA ja dhamone sat mAnavA ke mAtra vartamAna dharmone ja sat. mAnavA? sAMkhya siddhAntathI prabhAvita vaibhASikoe badhAne ja sat gaNyA ane enA samarthanamAM buddhavacanoya TAMkyAM. Ama teo sarvAstivAdI TharyA ane kahevAyA. sautrAntika boddho temanA A matanuM khaMDana karI e buddhavacanono anukULa artha ghaTAvI mAtra vartamAna dhamone ja sata tarIke svIkAre che. vaizikSikadarzananA asatkAryavAdanI

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satasat ra chAyA AmAM dekhAya che. vijJAnavAdI bauddho badhI ja kSaNika vastuone sat nahi mAnatAM mAtra kSaNika vijJAnane ja sat mAne che. mAtra vijJAna yA cetanane ja sat mAnavAnI A vAta temane zAMkara vedAntIonI samAna bhUmikAe mUke che paraMtu te banne vacce bheda e che ke vijJAnavAdIonuM vijJAna kSaNika che, uparAMta teo vijJAnanA nAnA santAnomAM mAne che; jyAre zAMkara vedAntIo vijJAnane brahmane phUTasthanitya ane eka ja mAne che. vijJAnavAdIo satnI traNa koTio svIkAre che : paramArtha sat, saMskRti sat ane parikalpita sat. ApaNe kahI chIe ke emane mate kSaNika vijJAna ja paramArtha sat, bAhya kSaNika vastuo saMvRtti sat ane nitya dravya Adi parakalpita sat. saMskRti sat ane parikalpita satne jema sattA prakAro kahyA che tema temane asattA prakAro paNa gaNI zakAya. zUnyavAdIo zUnyane arthAt prajJAne ja sat mAne che. teo paNa satnI traNa koTi svIkAre che : pariniSpatra, paratantra ane parikalpita. jeno svabhAva svataMtra che te pariniSpanna, jeno svabhAva paratantra che te paratantra ane jeno svabhAva kalpita che te parikalpita. vijJAnavAdI ane zUnyavAdInI vacce jo koI khAsa bheda hoya to te eTalo ja che ke eka paramArtha sattne vijJAna kahe che jyAre bIjo paramArtha sattne zUnya - prajJA kahe che; uparAMta, eka mAne che ke dhyAnanI sAdhanA dvArA vijJAnanI prApti thAya che jyAre bIjo mAne che ke buddhi dvArA buddhinI kSudratAnuM bhAna thatAM prajJAno sAkSAtkAra thAya che. 0 prAraMbhika kALamAM ApaNe satnI vyAkhyA bAMdhavAnA prayatnonI apekSA na rAkhI rAkIe. te kALe to darzanakAronuM kArya svasammata sat tattvone gaNAvavAnuM ja rahetuM. nyAya-vaizeSiko sat ane asat be tattvomAM mAne che.' dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, viroSa ane samavAya A cha bhAva padArtho sat tattvanA vibhAgo che: abhAva padArtha e eka asat tattva che. bhAva padArthomAMthIya 'artha' nAma to teo dravya, guNa ane karmane ja Ape che. sAMkhyakAro phUTasthanitya puruSa ane pariNAmI prakRti bannene sat gaNe che. vedAntIo mAtra puruSane ja sat tarIke svIkAre che. jaino jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma ane AkAza A pAMca dravyone astikAyarUpe varNave che. bauddho mAtra dharmone sat gaNe che. satnI vyAkhyA ApavAnuM to A pachI zarU thayuM. bauddhoe satna lakSaNa kSaNikatva bAMdhyuM. temaNe kahyuM ke, 'yat sat tat kSaLivat / ' ethI taddana UlaTuM zaMkare satnuM lakSaNa trikAlAbAdhitatva ApyuM arthAt emane mate phUTasthanityatA ja sallakSaNa che. Ama bauddhoe mAtra paryAyo ke vikArone ja sat mAnyA jyAre zaMkare amuka khAsa viziSTa arthamAM mAtra dravyane ja sat gaNyuM. jainoe dravya ane paryAya bannene vastunA svabhAvabhUta gaNyAM che ane tethI emaNe satnI vyAkhyA utpAda-vyayadhrauvyayogitA karI che. utpAda-vyaya paryAyanA thAya che ane dravya dhruva rahe che. Ama

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bhAratIya tattavAna sapa vastu dravyaparyAyAtmaka hoI te utpAda-vyaya-dhavyayukta siddha thAya che. jainasammata sallakSaNagata dhrauvyano artha sAMpanI jema mAtra svabhAvAsyuti ja levAya che ane nahi ke phUTasyanityatA. alabatta, e dhyAnamAM rAkhavuM joIe ke sAMkhya sanA be dhoraNo - pariNAminityatA ane kUTasthanityatA - svIkAre che jyAre jena ekadhArI rIte sanuM eka ja dhoraNa - pariNAminityatA - svIkAre che, jenane mate AtmA-puruSa paNa svabhAve pariNAminitya ja che, sAMkhyanI jema kUTanitya nahi. nyAyavaizeSikoe sanuM lakSaNa sattAyogitva ApyuM che. temanA kahevAno Azaya e che ke sattA mahAsAmAnya jemAM samavAyasaMbaMdhathI rahe te sat che. A sanI vyAkhyAonuM paravAdIoe khaMDana paNa karyuM che. jenonI sanI vyAkhyA upara evo AkSepa karavAmAM Avyo ke parasparavirodhI dharmo eka vastumAM saMbhave ja nahi. nyAyavaizeSikonI satunI vyAkhyAne lakSI kahevAyuM ke te vyAkhyA pramANe to svasammata ja keTalAka sat- bhAva padArtho asat Thare kAraNa ke sattA temane mate mAtra dravya, guNa, karmamAM ja rahe che." zAMkara vedAntIonI ane boddhonI vyAkhyAonA virodhamAM kahevAmAM AvyuM ke koI paNa jAtanA pariNamanathI rahita phUTasthanitya vastu ke niranvaya kSaNika vastu e koInAya anubhavanI vAta nathI. Ama dArzaniko aMdaroaMdara ekabIjAnA sanA lakSaNanuM khaMDana karatA hatA evAmAM baudro taraphathI eka evuM lakSaNa mUkavAmAM AvyuM je lagabhaga badhA ja dArzanikoe mAnya rAkhyuM ane te lakSaNa te arthakriyAkAritva. alabatta, darzanakAroe potapotAne mAnya antima tatva ke tatvomAM tene lAgu karavA bhAre jahemata lIdhI. bauddhoe tapura:sara siddha karyuM ke kSaNika vastu ja akriyAkArI che, vedAntIoe puravAra karavA prayatna karyo ke nitya vastu ja arthakriyAkArI che ane jenoe sAbita karyuM ke nityAnitya vastu ja arthakriyAkArI che. ApaNe joyuM tema AcArya zaMkara trikAlAbAdhita phUTasthanityane sat kahe che. te paNa vijJAnavAdI ane zunyavAdInI mAphaka sanI traNa koTi svIkAre che : pAramArthika, vyAvahArika ane pratibhAsika. temane mate phUTasthanitya brA cetana ja paramArtha sat che kAraNa ke te trikAlasyAyI che; gha8, paTa Adi vyAvahArika sat che kAraNa ke te vyavahArakAlamAtrasyAyI che paraMtu tattvajJAnanAya che; zuktiratAdi prAtimAsika sat che kAraNa ke te pratibhAsakAla mAtrasthAyI che paraMtu adhiSThAnajJAnanAya che. AcArya zaMkara vyAvahArika sadUpa jagatanA pariNAmI upAdAnakaraNa tarIke avidyA nAmanA tattvane svIkAre che. tene teo sat-asavilakSaNa kahIne varNave che. te satuM nathI kAraNa ke te bAdhita thAya che, te asat nathI kAraNa ke te sapajagatkAryanuM upAdAnabhUta kAraNa che. A satu-asavilakSaNatAsiddhAMtanAM mULa cheka 'nAsaThIyasUkta'mAM jovA

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sat-asat hoya to joI zakAya. tyAM kahyuM che ke sRSTinI-jaganI utpatti pahelAM sat paNa na hatuM ke asatu paNa na hatuM; arthAt sRSTinuM upAdAnakAraNa sat paNa nahi, asat paNa nahi kiMtu arthapattithI sat-asavilakSaNa karyuM. sadasadvilakSaNatAvAdanuM bhagavAna buddhanA 'AvyAkRta' tathA zunyavAdanA catuSkoTivinimuMktatvasiddhAMta sAthe paNa sAmya che. 'yato vAco nivartante aprApya manasA saha' (taittirIyopaniSad), 'naiSA tarkeNa matirApaneyA' (koniSa) A upaniSavAkyone, 'paramArtho di mAryA tU nmAva:' A candrakIrtivacanane ane 'ta tanya 1 vijha (nAvAra sUtra) A AgamavAkyane paNa A. saMdarbhamAM dhyAnamAM levA joIe. jaina tarkazAstranI prasiddha saptabhaMgImAMya sadasadvilakSaNatAvAdano caturtha bhaMga 'avaktavyamAM svIkAra thayo che. vastu svadravyakSetra-kAla-bhAvathI sat che ane paradravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAvathI asat che. paraMtu A be dharmI yugapad vANImAM bolI zakAtA nathI e arthamAM vastu avaktavya che. jo be vaNa eka sAthe na bolI zakAya to be zabdo to kyAMthI eka sAthe bolI zakAya? paraMtu A artha e kaMI vastasvarUpadyotaka nathI. vastunA sat ane asat dharmone yugapa jANIto zakIe chIe paNa bolI nathI rAktA eTaluM ja-Avo Ano artha thAya. kadAca Ane laIne ja keTalAka Adhunika jaina vidvAnoe avaktavyanI bIjI vyAkhyA evI karI ke vastumAM sapeya anaMta dharmo che ane asaddhapeya anaMta dharmo che ane ApaNe na to badhA sapadhama jANI zakIe chIe ke na to badhA asalUpa dhama jANI zakIe chIe. Ama zarUAtamAM sa-asat deza-kAlanA saMbaMdhathI nirapekSapaNe sAmAnyavizeSanA arthamAM vaparAtAM, pachI sRSTi ane satu ke asat vaccenA saMbhavita kAryakAraNabhAvanuM sUcana maLyuM ane vicAramAM kAlatattvanuM paurvAparya dAkhala thayuM, tyAra bAda svayaM sat ane asanA pArasparika saMbaMdhanI carcA thaI, darzanakALamAM kArya kAraNamAM sat che ke asatuM e prazna vizeSe carcAyo, sAthe sAthe satnI traNa koTio pADavAmAM AvI, tadanantara sanI vyAkhyAo ghaDAI ane temanuM khaMDanamaMDana cAlyuM, vaLI saasatnA yugalanA anusaMdhAnamAM ja sadasadvilakSaNatAvAda Ubho thayo. A rIte satvaasat yugalanI AsapAsa ghaNuM tAttvika maMthana thayuM ane emAMthI aneka vicAravAdo bhAratIya darzanane sAMpaDyA. jema ahIM sat-asat yugalane laI enI paraMparAmAM ApaNane zuM prApta thayuM te joyuM tema koI samAnadharmA bIjA yugalone laI temanI paraMparAmAMthI ApaNane zuM prApta thayuM che te darzAvaze to AnaMda thaze.' - TippaNa * A lekhanA sahalekhaka che paMDita sukhalAlajI. 1. asacca sacca parame vyoman dakSasya janmannaditerupasthe / Rgveda, 10.5.

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna 2 matanA mAlI tA tApamavatA cho3, 26, 2. juo taittira upa0 2.7 3 abhAvAdbhAvotpattirnAnupamRdya prAdurbhAvAt / vyAghAtAdaprayogaH / nyAyasUtra, 4. 1. 14-15. mAta: vArta trayaM la.. bANa, cA sU0 4.2 4. 4 kathamasata: sajjAyeteti sattveva somyedamana AsIdekamevAdvitIyam / tadaikSata bahu syA, prajAyeyeti tattejo'sRjata tatteja aikSata bahusyAM prajAyeyeti tdpo'sRjt...| chAndo0 6.2. 5 asaditi vyAkRtanAmarUpavizeSaviparItamavyAkRtaM brahma ucyate... tataH asata: vai sat pravibhaktanAmarUpavizeSam ajAyata utpannam / zAMkarabhASya, taitti0 upa0, 2.7. , kiM punastattvam ? satazca sadbhAvo'satazcAsadbhAvaH / nyAyabhASya (kAzI saM. sirijha), pR02 7 artha iti dravyaguNakarmasu / vaizeSikasUtra, 8.2.3. 8 tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam / tattvArthasUtra, 5.30 & naikasminnasambhavAt / brahmasUtra, 2.2.33 10 satAmapi syAt kvacideva sattA / anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA, 8. . 11 varaM catarthayAritve sarvAnaprasiddhamAte... | Six Buddhist Nyaya Tracts, pR. 22. 12 upara satu ane asatu e be dArzanika kalpanAonI saMkSepe carcA karI che. e sAthe ahIM umeravuM joIe ke sat ane asatnI kalpanAnA vicAravikAsamAM bIjAM aneka tattvo samAyelAM che. ane te aneka rIte sUkSmatAthI carcAmAM paNa che. dosta, nityatva ane aniyatvanI dArzanika carcA sat ane asat kalpanAnA kAlika pAsAmAMthI udbhavI che, jyAre ekatva ane pRthakatvanI dArzanika carcA saMkhyAnA pAsAmAMthI UpasI che. e ja rIte abhilApyatva ane anabhilApyatvanI dArzanika vicArasaraNI sat ane asanA zabdagamyatva ane zabdAmyatva pAsAmAMthI vistarI che. paraMtu sAmAnya ane viroSa athavA dravya ane paryAyanI carcA kAlika, dezika Adi badhAM pAsAone Avare che. A rIte bhAratIya darzanomAMnI prasiddha sat, asatu Adi kalpanAono aitihAsika vikAsanI dRSTie abhyAsa karavAmAM Ave to lagabhaga badhI ja dArzanika mULabhUta kalpanAonI samajaNa vizada bane.