Sangit Samaysar ke Sandarbh me Gayak Gan Dosh Vivechan

Author(s): Vachaspati Moudgalya
Publisher: Z_Deshbhushanji_Maharaj_Abhinandan_Granth_012045.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/212090/1

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saMgItasamayasAra ke sandarbha meM gAyaka-guNa-doSa-vivecana zrI vAcaspati maudagalya saMgItasamayasAra digambara jainAcArya pArzvadeva, jinakA samaya terahavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha mAnA jAtA hai', ke dvArA viracita saMgIta-viSayaka adbhuta grantha hai| yaha grantha apane Apa meM pUrvAcAryoM ke matoM ke sAtha-sAtha samasAmayika matoM ko bhI samAhita kie hae hai| gambhIra, vistRta tathApi rocaka zailI, granthakartA kI vizeSatA mAnI jAnI cAhiye / apane prakANDa-pANDitya ke kAraNa lekhaka ne yatra tatra parvAcAryoM ke sAtha vimata prakaTa karate hue apane matoM ko jisa prAMjala tathA suspaSTa vidhi se prasthApita kiyA hai ve apane meM nidarzanabhUta sthala bana par3e haiN| inhoMne pUrvAcAryoM ke mata kA anusaraNa bhI kiyA hai, parantu vahAM apane kartRttva tathA vidvattA kI chApa avazya chor3I hai / prastuta lekha meM aise hI prakaraNa kA adhyayana upasthita hai jo svayaM granthakartA ke anusAra mahAn saMgItAcArya mataMgamuni (baha zokAra) ke dvArA vaNita viSaya thA parantu bhAratIya-sAhitya ke durbhAgya se mataMgamunipraNIta prakhyAta grantha bahuddezI khaNDita rUpa meM hI upalabdha hai tathA usake upalabdhabhAga meM prastuta prakaraNa kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM hai ataH sAMgItika kalAkAroM ke guNa-doSAnusAra una kI varIyatA-nirdhAraNa ke mAnadaNDa jAnane ke liye saMgItasamayasAra ekamAtra prAmANika-graMtha hai| prastuta lekha meM unhIM mAnadaNDoM ke anusAra, pUrvAcAryoM evaM svayaM AcArya pArzvadeva ke anusAra vaNita gAyakoM ke guNAvaguNa ke AdhAra para gAyakoM kI uttamamadhyamAdhama zreNiyoM kA vizleSaNa prastuta karane kA vinamra prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| mAnava ke svabhAvAnusAra jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM mAnavoM meM paraspara pratispardhA dRSTigocara hotI hai| saMgIta kA kSatra bhI isa janmajAta, IrSyAlu tathA pratispardhAtmaka-pravRtti se achUtA nahIM hai| adhika dhana-saMpatti kI icchA, IrSyA, svAmivinoda, nijI goSThiyoM meM parAjaya athavA kAraNAntara se vaira, matabhinnatA, spahA, asUyA, yazaskAmitA athavA vidyAmada Adi kucha mUla kAraNa haiM jinake liye do gAyaka-kalAkAra paraspara parIkSA ke liye udyata ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra ke udyama ko AcAryoM ne tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai ve haiM, (1) vAda (2) jalpa (3) vitaNDA / ina parIkSaNa-vidhAoM meM nirNAyaka kI bhUmikA atyanta hI mahatvapUrNa hai / nirNAyaka svayaM vivekazIla hote hue bhI nirNayArtha vAdasabhA meM kucha sahAyakoM kI apekSA rakhatA hai / nirNAyaka sahita ina sahAyakoM Adi ko vAda ke aGga nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| vAda ke (1) vAdI, (2) prativAdI, (3) sabhApati, evaM (4) sabhya nAma se cAra Avazyaka ghaTaka dIkha par3ate haiM jinakI paribhASA nimna rUpa meM dI jA sakatI hai :vAdI : pratipakSI kI bAta ko tatkSaNa anUdita kara sakane vAlA, subuddhi, zAstra kA adhikArI vidvAn tathA pratipakSI ke dUSaNoM kA tatkAla nirAkaraNa karake svapakSa ko siddha karane vAlA 'vAdI' kahalAtA hai| prativAdI : suvaktA, zAstrajJa, subuddhi, bahuzruta evaM vAdipakSa kA khaNDana kara sakane vAlA prativAdI kahA jA sakatA hai| sAmAnyataH vAdI meM upalabdha sabhI guNa prativAdI meM bhI upalabdha hone cAhiye / ' 1. prAcArya ehaspati, saMgItasamayasAra bhUmikA pRSTha-13.1977 saMskaraNa, kundakunda bhAratI dillI dvArA prakAzita / 2. saMgItasamayasAra 6.3. 3. vahI 1.22-23. 1. nyAyasUtra 1/2. 1.11 tulanIya kAvyamImAMsA dvitIyAdhyAya (caukhambA 1964 saM0 gagAsAgararAya) 5. saMgItasamayasAra . 6. vahI 6.2.. .. bahI 6.21. baina prAcya vidyAeM 205

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sabhApati :-- __paramparA tathA upalabdha vRttAntoM ke AdhAra para sabhApati sAdhAraNatayA rAjA hI hotA hai| saMbhavataH isaliye kyoMki rAjA kA nirNaya sarvamAnya hotA hai tathA nirNaya ke ullaMghana kI dhaSTatA karane vAle ke prati rAjA daNDapAta bhI kara sakatA hai| lekina sabhApati evaM nirNAyaka-maNDala-adhyakSa ke rUpa meM rAjA meM kucha guNa vAMchanIya haiM jinake anusAra rAjA, citravicitra-sundara-vitAnoM se AcchAdita sugandhita sabhAsthala meM pUrvAbhimukha-siMhAsana para ArUr3ha ho zrImAn, dAtA, guNagrAhaka, bhAvajJa, kIrtilampaTa, satyavaktA, zRgAra karane vAlA, mArgI evaM dezI dvividha saMgIta kA samyak jJAtA, buddhimAna, sarvakalAdhyakSa, pAritoSika dene vAlA saMgItAdigaNadoSajJa, sarvabhASAbhijJa evaM priyavaktA ho|' sabhya : sabhyoM meM anekavidha darzaka evaM vidvAna abhISTa haiN| ve haiM : (1) mahArAnI, (2) vilAsinI nAriyAM, (3) saciva, (4) darzaka, (5) kavi, (6) rasika / ina kA vivaraNa adha:prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. mahArAnI rAjA ke vAmabhAga meM sthita, rUpayauvanasaMpannA sadAzRgAralobhinI, saubhAgyavatI, pati ke mana tathA netroM ke bhAvoM ke anusAra AcaraNa karane vaalii| 2. vilAsinI nAriyAM rUpa yauvana sampanna, sarvavidhAbhUSaNoM se vibhUSita, hAva-bhAva-vilAsoM se bharapUra, ratikrIr3AdinipuNa, vilAsinI nAriyAM sabhApati ke Asana para upaviSTa rAjA ke pRSTha bhAga meM baiThAI jAeM / ' 3. saciva __ kAryAkAryavibhAgajJa, nItizAstravizArada, sarvavidhakAryoM ke niSpAdana meM niSNAta, catura aura svAmibhakta hoN|' 4. darzaka sAmAnyataH sabhyAparaparyAyavAcI ina darzakoM athavA zrotAoM meM nimna guNa apekSita haiM -ve saMgItazAstrajJa, lakSyalakSaNazAstrajJa, anuddhata, madhyastha tathA guNadoSanirUpaNasamartha hoN| 5. kavi aise kavi jo rasabhAvajJa, chandAlaMkArajJa, tIvrabuddhi, pratibhAsampanna tathA rItinirvAha meM nipuNa hoN| 6. rasika kAvyanATakAdi se udbhUta rasa ke AsvAdana kI dRDhecchA vAle tathA sUkSmabhAvoM aura arthoM ke jJAna se Anandita mana vAle hoN| yaha sabhI yathAyogya rAjA ke dakSiNa bhAga meM baiThAe jaaeN| inake atirikta rAjA ke vAmabhAga kI ora anya vAggeyakAra, kavitAkAra, nartaka Adi tattadvidyApArINa vidvAna rAjA ke samIpavartI AsanoM para yathocita upaviSTa hoN| yaha saba bhI lakSyalakSaNa-zAstrajJa evaM saMgItAMgoM meM niSNAta hoN| isa prakAra kI sabhA meM upaviSTa sabhApati ko cAhiye ki vaha strI-puruSa, vRddha-yuvA, daridra-dhanI, vinayazIla-uddhata, duHkhIprasanna, ziSya-guru, paraspara asamAna vidyAvAle, bhIru-vIra Adi janoM ko vAda karane kI anumati na de cAhe isake kitane bhI Thosa kAraNa athavA AdhAra upasthita kyoM na hoM kyoMki dhana, vidyA, vaya tathA sampradAya-paramparA Adi meM samAnajanoM kA hI paraspara vAda abhISTa hai| 1. saMgItasamayasAra 68-6. 2. vahI 6.10-11. 3. vahI 6.11-12. 4. vahI 6.13. 5. vahI 6.14-16. 6. vahI 6.24-26. 206 AcAryaratna zrI dezabha SaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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vAdiyoM dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA vAda paraspara paNabandha se (zarta bAMdha kara) hotA hai| prAya: vAdI-prativAdI vAdakAla meM kie gae paNabandha meM atyukti, dehadaNDa, sarvasvaharaNa, abhadra vAkya Adi sabhyavyavahArAnucita aisI vidhiyoM kA Alambana kara baiThate haiM jo vAda meM nahIM apitu jalpa athavA vitaNDA Adi zAstrArtha-prakAroM meM sannihita kI jA sakatI haiN| yaha jalpa athavA vitaNDAdi zAstrArtha-prakAra jainAcAryoM ko paramparayA abhISTa nahIM haiM / jaina-paramparA mUlata: zAntipriya rahI hai ataH usa paramparA ke AcArya bhI paraspara zAstrArtha kAla meM pUrNata: zAntiparaka jJAnatattvAnveSiNI vidhA kA avalambana karake kevala vAda nAmaka zAstrArthaparamparA ke mAdhyama se hI zAstrArthanirNaya kI svIkRta dete haiM / ina kAraNoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI sabhApati ko vAdanirNaya karate samaya kalAkAroM ke gaNa-doSoM kA tAratamya jAnakara na kevala jaya-parAjaya-nirNaya karanA cAhiye apitu paNabandha meM kiye gae atyukti, dehadaNDa, sarvasvaharaNa aura abhadravAkya Adi kA nivAraNa bhI sapadi kara denA cAhiye / saMgItazAstra meM "saMgIta" pada se gIta, vAdya evaM nRtta ina tInoM kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| inameM nRta ko vAdya tathA vAdya ko gIta kA anuvartI mAna kara gIta arthAt gAyana vidhA ko zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| saMgItazAstra meM prAyaH sarvatra gAyana kA mahatva evaM upayoga suvaNita hai / ' ata: gAyana ke mAdhyamabhUta "gArakoM" meM saMgItazA striyoM ne vibhinna vizeSa AkAMkSAoM ko parikalpita kiyA hai jinheM parata: gAyaka-vAdanirNaya" ke AdhArarUpa meM bhI svIkAra kiyA gyaa| ina vizeSatAoM meM prathamata: gAyaka meM "sazArIra" dhvani kI AkAMkSA kI jAtI hai / isakA mahatva isake lakSaNa se hI spaSTa hai jo sabhI AcAryoM meM nivivAda tathA eka-sA hI hai "binA kisI abhyAsa ke hI, prArambhika evaM mukhyAdi svarasaMniveza se yukta tattad rAgoM ko, visvaratA aura saMkaratA prabhati doSoM se bacAkara prakaTa karane kI sAmarthya se yukta aisI dhvani jo zarIra ke sAtha ho udbhUta hotI hai, zArIra ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| uparyukta sAmarthya eka viziSTa saMskAra kA nAma hai jo rAgAbhivyakti kA bIja hai jisake binA yA to rAga kA prakAzana hI nahIM ho pAyegA athavA yathAkathaMcit prakAzana hone para nizcita rUpa meM vaha hAsya kA kAraNa hogaa| yaha sAmarthya abhyAsa se prApta nahIM ho sakatI lekina vikasita avazya ho sakatI hai| isa zArIra dhvani meM jaba tArasthAna meM bhI mAdhurya, snigdhatA, gAmbhIrya, mArdava, raMjakatA, puSTatA, kAntimattva evaM anuraNanAtmakatA Adi guNa vidyamAna raheM to ise hI suzArIra ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yaha suzArIra dhvani, vidyA ke dAna se tapasyA se athavA pArvatIpati bhagavAn zaMkara kI bhakti se utpanna atyadhika bhAgyodaya ke kAraNa hI prApta ho sakatI hai| anyathA sAmAnyataH saMsAra meM anuraNanarahitatA, rUkSatA, raMja katArAhitya, nirbalatA, visvaratA, kAkitva (kaue sI AvAja honA), mandramadhyatArAdi sthAnoM meM se kisI eka meM gAyana na kara sakanA, dhvani kA kRza evaM karkaza honA Adi doSoM se yukta "kuzArIra" dhvani vAle anekaza: gAyaka dRSTigocara hote haiN| yaha nizcita rUpa meM tyAjya hI mAne jAte haiN| AcArya pArzvadeva ne bhI ina sabhI viSeSatAoM athavA doSoM ko mAnA hai parantu inakA vargIkaraNa pRthak-pRthak kiyA hai jo pUrvAcAryoM se nizcita hI inakA matavaibhinya darzAtA hai| unake anusAra zArIradhvani ke cAra bheda haiM : (i) kaDAla, (ii) madhura, (ii) pezala (iv) bahubhaGgI / inakA vivaraNa nimna prakAra se diyA gayA hai 1. draSTavya-prameyakamalamArtaNDa, jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA prakaraNa (1941) nirNayasAgara prs| 2. saMgItasamayasAra-6.206, 3. saMgItaratnAkara-1976 saMskaraNa, prADyAra lAIbrerI madrAsa, svaragatAdhyAya padArthasaMgrahaprakaraNa 24-30. saMgItaratnAkara 3,82. tulanIya saMgItadarpaNa, 1652 madrAsa gavarnamenTa moriyaNTala sIrija 317.318, tathA saMgItasamayasAra 2.32. saMgItaratnAkara 3.82 para kallinAthI TIkA sagItaratnAkara 3.83.84. tulanIya saMgItadarpaNa 318-319. 7. saMgItaratnAkara 3.86 tulanIya saMgItadarpaNa 321. 8. saMgItaratnAkara-3.84.85 tulanIya saMgItadarpaNa 320-321. jaina prAcya vidyAeM 207

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"bahubhaGgI" dhvani ko hI kaNThagata guNoM athavA doSoM ke AdhAra para punaH aSTaprakAraka kahA gayA hai / ve ATha prakAra haiM(i) mAdhurya, (ii) zrAvakatva, (iii) snigdhatva, (iv) ghanatva, (v) sthAnakatrayazobhA, (vi) kheTi, (vii) kheNi, (viii) bhagna zabda / inameM se pUrva pAMca kaNTha ke guNa tathA paravartI tIna kaNTha ke doSa kahe gae haiN| ina upayukta vargIkRta zArIra bhedoM ko pUrvAcAryoM dvArA varNita guNa-doSoM meM saMnihita kiyA jA sakatA hai mAtra ISat prayAsa tathA tAttvika vivecana hI isake lie apekSita hai| ativistArabhaya se isa prasaMga ko yahA~ nahIM kahA jA rahA hai parantu AcArya pAzvadeva dvArA prastuta vargIkaraNa ise eka nayA raMga detA hai| (i) kaDAla - mandra, madhya evaM tAra ina tInoM svarasthAnoM meM tIkSNatA yukta dhvani, (ii) madhuramandra evaM madhya svarasthAnoM meM madhuratAyukta, - (iii) pezala - tAra meM rAga prakAzaka dhvani, (iv) bahubhaGagI - uparyukta tInoM prakAroM kA mizraNa / uparyukta cAroM prakAroM meM se bahubhaGgI nAmaka caturtha prakAra ke punaH cAra bheda haiM(i) kAlamapura (ii) madhurapezala (iii) DAlapezala evaM (iv) shaariirtrymidhk| isake atirikta amvarathAnoM para bhI AcArya pAzvadeva gAyakoM ke guNa-doSoM kA vargIkaraNa prastuta karate samaya pUrvAcAyoM se bhinya prastuta karate haiN| pUrvAcAryoM meM bharata muni ke pazcAt hue saMgIta ke sarvamAnya AcArya zAha deva (13vIM zatI) kA bhI AcArya pAdadeva yathAvat anusaraNa nahIM karate haiN| saMgIta kI, AcArya pArzvadeva se pUrvavartI paramparA, jisakA pAlana saMgItaratnAkara tathA saMgItadarpaNa Adi granthoM ke khyAtanAmA racayitAoM ne bhI kiyA hai, meM gAyaka ke guNadoSoM kA varNana eka krama se prApta hotA hai / isa paraMparA kA pAlana karane vAle caturadAmodara paMDita (16vIM zatI) Adi vidvAnoM ke hone para bhI saMgItaratnAkara sadRza mahAn graMtha kI vikhyAta "sudhAkara" TIkA ke racayitA siMhabhUpAla (14vIM zatI) tathA "kalAnidhi" TIkA ke racayitA kallinAtha dvArA saMgItasamayasArakRta ke uddharaNoM ko apanI TIkA meM uddhRta karate hue AcArya pArzvadeva dvArA vivRta guNa-doSoM Adi viSayoM ko ina paramparAvAdI AbAdI ke mata ke sAtha-sAtha anya mata ke rUpa meM sthApita karanA, inake dvArA prasthApita vargIkaraNa para svIkRti ko mohara lagAne sadRza kArya mAnA jAnA cAhiye / pUrvAcAryoM dvArA svIkRta guNa nimnakrama se haiM : gAyakoM meM AkAMkSita guNa : 3 (1) zabda (2) suzArIra, (3) grahamovicakSaNa, (4) rAgarAgAGgabhASAGgakriyAGgopAGgakovida (5) prabandhAna niSNAta, (6) vividhAlaptitattvavit, (7) sarvasthAnotthagamakeSvanAyAsala sadgati, (8) vazyakaNTha, (6) tAlajJa, (10) sAbadhAna, (11) jitazrama, ( 12 ) zuddhacchAyAlagAbhijJa, (13) sarvakAkuvizeSavit (14) anekasthAyasaMcAra, (15) sarvadoSavivarjita, (16) kriyApara, (17) yuktalaya, (18) sughaTa, (16) dhAraNAnvita, (20) sphUrjannirjavana : (21) hAri, (22) rahaH kRt, (23) bhajanoddhura, (24) susaMpradAya / ina pAribhASika padoM kA vivaraNa nimnaprakAra se kramazaH prastuta hai : (1) hRdyazabda dUdha, arthAt ramaNIya zabda arthAt dhvani hai jisakI yahA~ zabda se dhvani ho abhipreta hai| vaiyAkaraNa bhI matAntara meM dhvani ko zabda mAnate haiM / " (2) suzArIra 1 hogA ki supArI (3) grahamokSavicakSaNa : graha tathA mokSa se kramazaH gIta ko AraMbha karane vAlA svara tathA gIta ko samApta karanA, abhISTa artha haiN| yahI artha saMgItaratnAkara ke donoM TIkAkAroM ko bhI iSTa hai| inameM vilakSaNatA varSAt brahAlayAdi ke anusAra gItakA nirvAha kara sktaa|' 4. prastuta lekha meM isako sarvamukhya mAnate hue varNana pUrva hI kiyA jA cukA hai| usa AdhAra para yaha kahanA anucita na se virahita gAyaka acchA gAyaka ho hI nahIM sakatA / 1. saMgItasamayasAra - 2.33-43. 2. saMgItaratnAkara 3, 13-18. 3. draSTavya pAtaMjala vyAkaraNamahAbhASya paspazAhnika "zabdaM kuru / mA zabdaM kArSIH zabdakAryaM yaM mANavakaH / iti dhvani kurvannevamucyate tasmAdvaniH zAbdaH " draSTavya saMgItaratnAkara para kallinAthIya tathA siMhabhUpAlIya TokAeM kramaza: saMgItaratnAkara bhAga do pRSTha 153 tathA 155. 208 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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(4) rAgarAgAGgabhASAGa, gakriyAMgopAMgakovida : "rAga" pada ko sAmAnyataH raMjana karane vAlA rAga hai ( raMjanAdrAgaH ) isa lakSaNa se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / bRhaddezIkAra AcArya - mataGga dvArA kRta "rAga" kI zAstrIya paribhASA ke anusAra - "svaroM tathA varNoM (gAna kriyA) Adi se vibhUSita janacittaraMjaka dhvanivizeSa ko rAga kahA gayA hai / " "raJjana karane ke kAraNa rAga hai" yaha isakA vyutpattisabhya artha hai / ' AcArya pArzvadeva ke anusAra :-- "sajjana use rAga mAnate haiM jo svaravarNAdi ke vaiziSTya athavA dhvanibheda ke kAraNa sajjanamanoraMjana kara ske| "rAgAGaga" pada mUla rAgoM ke avayayaikadeza kA vAcaka hai kyoMki inameM grAmaprakaraNa meM ukta rAgoM kI chAyAmAtra dRSTigocara hotI hai / "" "jisameM samAna bhASAoM kI chAyA kA Azraya kara liyA jAtA hai vaha stutikArAdikoM ke dvArA geya "bhASAGga" kahe jAte haiM / * vAstava meM uparyukta rAgAGga Adi sabhI rAga hI mAne jAte haiM parantu inakA vargIkaraNa meM bheda hai rAga pada se grAmarAgoM kA grahaNa kiyA gayA athavA mArga" saMgIta meM gAe jAne vAle mUlarAga rAga" isa abhidhA se abhihita hai jabaki rAgAGga Adi ina rAgoM para Azrita hote haiM parantu inake hI bheda hokara yaha mAtra dezI saMgIta paddhati meM gAe jAte haiN|" inako "raMjanAdrAgaH " isa sAmAnya paribhASA ke antargata saMnihita karake rAga mAnA jAtA hai| isI prasaMga meM yaha spaSTa karanA bhI samIcIna hogA ki mataMgAcArya ne upAGgoM kA antarbhAva rAgAmoM meM hI karake upAgoM kA pRthaka parikalpana nahIM kiyA hai jabaki, saMgItaratnAkarakAra AcArya 'unakI paravartI paramparA ke AcAryoM ne upAGgoM kA pRthak parikalpana kara inheM rAgabheda mAnA hai / " gadeva tathA ina sabhI uparyukta mArgI evaM dezI rAgoM tathA rAgabhedoM ke prayoga meM niSNAta / (5) prabandhagAnacatura : saMgItazAstra paramparA meM 'raMjakasvara- saMdarbha vAlA" gIta mAnA jAtA hai / isake (i) gAndharva, tathA (ii) gAna yaha do bheda mAne gae haiN| (i) jo anAdikAlika saMpradAya-paramparA se yukta hai, nizcita rUpa meM kalyANa karatA hai vaha gandharvoM dvArA prayojya gIta "gAndharva" kahalAtA hai| ise hI mAgaMgIta bhI kahate haiM / " (ii) jo vAgvakAra ( saMgIta tathA bhASAvid kavi ) ke dvArA lakSaNAnusAra janaraMjanArtha dezI rAgAdikoM meM viracita racanA hotI hai use "gAna" kahA jAtA hai / isa gAna ke punaH (i) nibaddhagAna, tathA (ii) anibaddhagAna ke nAma se do bheda kiye jAte haiM (i) sAmAnyataH bhASAbaddha sAMgItika racanA ko nibaddhagAna, tathA (ii) bandhanahIna ko anibaddhagAna athavA Alapti bhI kahA jAtA hai / nibaddhagAna ke tIna nAma kahe jAte haiM (i) prabandha (ii) vastu, tathA (iii) rUpaka / inameM prabandha kA lakSaNa sarvataH spaSTa rUpa meM saMgItasamayasAra meM kahA gayA hai| tadanusAra catuvidha pAtuoM tathA viSa aMgoM se bAMdhA jAne ke kAraNa vidvAnoM ne ise prabandha kahA hai| ina cAra dhAtuoM ke nAma haiM(1) udgrAha, (2) melApaka, (3) dhruva, (4) Abhoga, tathA chaha aMgoM ke nAma haiM, (1) svara, (2) pada, (3) viruda, (4) pATa (pATha) (5) tenaka, (6) tAna 3. jinameM karuNa, utsAha, zokAdi se udbhUta kriyA hotI hai vaha kriyAGga' tathA- gAja kI chAyA kA anusaraNa karane vAle upA" kahe jAte haiN| 1. 2. saMgItasamayasAra 1.58. saMgItaratnAkara bhAga do pRSTha 15 para uddhRta yaha padya upalabdha bRhaddezI meM anupalabdha haiN| tulanIya saMgItasamayasAra 4. 1 3. vahI, vahI rAgavibodha - 1.6, zrADyArasaMskaraNa 1645. vahI 1.7. saMgItaratnAkara (bhAga do) pRSTha 15; pRSTha 155 para uddhRta saMgIta sudhAkara TIkA bhI draSTavya hai / vahI pRSTha 15 / vahI bhAga do pRSTha 15 para kallinAthI TIkA / vahI prabandhAdhyAya, 2 para kallinAthI TIkA / 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. e. bRhaddezI 281 tathA 283. 10. 11. jaina prAcya vidyAe~ 206

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ina saba se yukta prabandha kahIM-kahIM melApaka tathA Abhoga se rahita bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai / isa prabandha kI pAMca jAtiyAM hotI haiM jinake nAma haiM (1) medinI (2) AnandinI (3) dIpanI (4) bhAvanI, tathA (5) tArAvalI / vaha prabandha (1) aniyukta, evaM (2) niryakta ina do bhedoM vAlA mAnA jAtA hai / (1) chanda tAla Adi ke niyamoM se vihIna prabandha aniyukta tathA (2) inake niyamoM meM baMdhA huA prabandha niyukta kahalAtA hai| prabandha ke punaH tIna bheda haiN| (1) sUDastha, (2) AlisaMzraya, evaM (3) viprakIrNa / saMkSapa meM vaNita ina prabandhoM ke gAyana meM niSNAta / (6) vividhAlaptitattvavit : vividha AlaptiyoM ke tattva ko jAnane vAlA / Alapti kA tAtparya hai rAga kA Alapana arthAt prakaTIkaraNa / isake mUlataH do bheda haiM--(1) rAgAlapti, tathA (2) rUpakAlapti / (1) "rAgAlapti" ke svarUpa kA varNana karate hue zAstrakAroM kA kahanA hai ki jisameM "rUpaka" nAmaka prabandha kI anapekSA karate hue cAra "svasthAnoM" kA prayoga kiyA jAya use rAgAlapti kahate haiM / ina svasthAnoM kA vivaraNa denA Avazyaka hai| SaDjAdi svaroM meM se jisa kisI svara meM rAga kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai use sthAyI athavA aMzasvara kahate haiN| aMzasvara se caturthasvara ko "dvayadhaM" nAma se jAnA jAtA hai tathA sthAyisvara se aSTama svara ko dviguNa kahA jAtA hai / dvayardha tathA dvigaNasvaroM ke madhyavartI svara ardhasthita saMjJaka hote haiM jaba sthAyI athavA aMzasvara se prArambha karake vyardhasvara se nIce hI mukhacAlana karake rAga kA prakaTana kiyA jAya to prathamasvarasthAna kahA jAtA hai| dvayardhasvara paryanta mukhacAlana se rAga prakaTana ke pazcAta sthAyI para nyAsa (AlapanasamApti) dvitIyasvarasthAna kahalAtA hai| dvayardha tathA dvigaNa svaroM ke madhyasthita "ardhasthita" nAmaka svaroM meM Alapana ke pazcAta sthAyI para nyAsa se tRtIyasvarasthAna kahalAtA hai, isameM dviguNa svara kA sparza nahIM kiyA jaataa| dviguNa svara sahita "ardhasthita" svaroM meM mukhacAlana dvArA rAga-prakaTana karake sthAyI svara para nyAsa kara denA catarthasvarasthAna kahalAtA hai| isa prakriyA kA pAlana karate samaya yaha dhyeya hotA hai ki choTe-choTe rAgAvayava rUpI sthAyoM dvArA bahavidhacAturya se aMzasvara kI mukhyatA se yukta karake rAga kI sthApanA kI jAya / (2) rUpakAlapti--rUpaka prabandha kA hI apara nAma hai / rUpaka meM vidyamAna rAga tathA tAla ke antargata kI gaI Alapti ko rUpakAlapti kahA jAtA hai / isake (1) pratigrahaNikA, tathA (2) bhaMjanI yaha do bheda haiN| bhaMjanI ke punaH do bheda haiM-(i) sthAyabhaMjanI, evaM (ii) ruupkbhNjnii| ina sabhI prakAra kI AlaptiyoM meM yaha bAta dhyAna rakhane yogya hotI hai ki inako varNa, alaMkAra, sthAya, gamaka Adi vividha bhaGgimAoM se citrita karake prayukta karanA cAhiye / aisA karane vAlA hI acchA gAyaka mAnA jAtA hai| (7) sarvasthAnotthagamakeSvanAyAsalasadgati : gamaka" pada se svara ke viziSTa DhaMga se kampana kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| yaha zrotRcitta ko sukha dene vAlA mAnA gayA hai| usake pandraha bheda haiM-(1) tiripa, (2) sphurita, (3) kampita, (4) lIna, (5) Andolita, (6) vali, (7) tribhinna,(8) kurula (8) Ahata, (10) ullAsita, (11) plAvita, (12) huMphita, (13) mudrita,(14) nAmita, tathA(15) mizrita, yaha mukhya bheda haiM / inameM se mizrita ke bahuta se bheda saMbhava hai| saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jAnA ucita hogA ki vaha gAyaka jo apane gAyana meM sarvasthAnoM arthAt mandramadhyatArasaptakarUpI svarasthAnoM se udbhUta gamakoM meM binA prayatna ke gati kara sakatA hai vaha guNI gAyaka hai| (8) AyattakaNTha-vazyakaNTha : jo gAyaka apane kaNTha se jaba jaisI cAhe vaisI hI gAyana-vidyA kA prayoga kara sake, kallinAtha ke anusAra svAdhInadhvani / 1. saMgItaratnAkara prabandhAdhyAya 1-23 tathA ina para kallinAtha tathA siMhabhUpAla kI ttiikaae'| 2. vahI, prakIrNakAdhyAya 67. 3. vahIM-186-202. vahI, 87-86. 5. saMgItaratnAkara bhAga do pRSTha-154.] 210 AcAryaratna zrI dazabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana pranya

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anaka (6) tAlajJa : tAla kA sambandha laya se hai| isameM nipuNatA gAyana ke sarvapramukha gugoM meM se anyatama hai| yAjJavalkya kA kahanA hai ki vINAvAdana tattvajJa, zrutijAtivizArada tathA tAla kA jJAtA binA prayAsa ke hI mukti ko prApta kara letA hai / "vINAvAdanatattvajJaH, zratijJAtivizAradaH tAlajJazcAprayAsena mokSamArga prayacchati / " ataH tAla arthAt laya meM nipuNatA gAyaka kA guNa mAnA gayA hai| (10) sAvadhAna : sAvadhAnatA ko bhI gAyaka kA guNa mAnA gayA hai| isakA bhAva spaSTa karate hue siMhabhUpAla kahate haiM ki sAvadhAnatA kA tAtparya hai zrutinizcaya kA jnyaataa| bhAvArtha yaha hai ki kisa-kisa rAga meM kisa-kisa zruti kA prayoga hogA yaha nizcita jAnane vAlA hI "sAvadhAnaH" pada se abhihita hogaa| (11) jitazrama : aneka prakAra ke prabandhoM kA gAyana karane ke pazcAt bhI jisake kaNTha meM se thakAvaTa kA cihna prakaTa na ho vaha guNI gAyaka "jitazramaH" nAma se abhihita hai| (12) zuddhacchAyAlagAbhijJa : sAdhAraNatayA vaha rAga jina para kisI anya rAga kA prabhAva nahIM hotA zuddha tathA jinapara anya rAga kA prabhAva spaSTa dRSTigocara hotA hai vaha chAyAlaga ke nAma se jAne jAte haiN| parantu yahA~ sihabhapAla ke anusAra zuddha kA tAtparya mArgIsUDa tathA chAyAlaga kA tAtparya sAlaga sUDa se hai| sUDa prabandha kA hI eka bheda mAnA gayA hai jo elA, karaNa, DhekI, vartanI, jhombaDa, lambha, rAsaka ekatAlI Adi aMgoM se yukta hotA hai jinako vistArabhaya se yahA~ kahanA ucita na hogaa| lekina yadi zuddha ko anya rAga kI chAyA se rahita 'evaM chAyAlaga ko anya rAga kI chAyA se yukta yaha sAdhAraNa artha mAna liyA jAya to bhI siMhabhapAla ke dvArA ukta mata ucita hai kyoMki mArgI saMgIta hI pUrNata: zuddhasvarUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai evaM rAgAGaga Adi ke rUpa meM upalabdha dezI saMgIta, mUlasaMgota (mAgI) kI chAyAoM ko antanihita kie hue janamanaraMjanakArakatva kI sAmAnyatA se rAga padabhAjaka hotA hai| ina donoM ke viSaya ko samyaka prakAra se jAnane vAlA zuddhacchAyAlagAbhijJa kahalAtA hai| (13) sarvakAkuvizeSavit : "kAku" bhAratIya zAstroM vizeSataH sAhityazAstra meM ati prasiddha takanIkI pada hai jisakA vahA~ artha hotA "bhinna kaNThadhvanitva'' / arthAt kaNTha ke dvArA isa prakAra se zabda kA vyavahAra karanA jisase vaha abhidheyArtha se anya kisI viziSTa artha kA bAdha karAne lge| ise dhvanivikAra bhI kahA jAtA hai| saMgItazAstra meM ise isI artha meM jAnA jAtA hai| kAku kA antarbhAva saMgItazAstra ma sthAyoM meM kiyA jAtA hai| ise chAyA' bhI kahA jAtA hai| isake chaha bheda kahe gae haiN| ve haiM-(1)svarakAku,(2) rAgakAku, (3) rAgAnyakAkU, (4) dezakAku, (5) kSetrakAku, (6) yntrkaaku| sAmAnyatayA saMkSepa meM vicAra karane para yaha nAda kA vaha guNa hai jisake dvArA vyaktiyoM tathA yantroM Adi kI dhvani ko sunakara hapa yaha jJAta kara lete haiM ki yaha 'rAga hai athavA yaha sitAra baja rahI hai, Adi isI ke dvArA hama tattaddezIya uccAraNoM kA bhI anumAna kara lete haiN| (14) anekasthAyasaMcAra : rAga ke avayavoM ko "sthAya" kahA jAtA hai / inake prayoga meM bhI nyAsAdi para vizramaNa se yuktatA tathA aMzI svara Adi sahita kucha svaroM kA samUhatva dhyAtavya hotA hai| inake saMkIrNa tathA asaMkIrNa koTiparaka chayAnave bheda mAne gae haiN| inameM se anekoM meM saMcaraNa kara sakane vAlA, guNI gAyanAcArya mAnA jAtA hai|| 1. saMgItaratnAkara bhAga do pRSTha 155. 2. vhii| 3. saMgItaratnAkara prabandhAdhyAya 23 kA uttarAdhaM 24 kA pUrvArdha / 4. vahI, prakoNakAdhyAya kallinAthI TIkA, pRSTha 175. 5. vahI, 120 ke uttarAdhaM se 126 ke pUrvArdha taka / 6. vahI, prakIrNakAdhyAya, 67-112 pUrvArdha taka / jaina prAcya vidyAe~ 211

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(15) sarvadoSavivajitaH : se rahita / (16) yAra: kallinAtha evaM siMhabhUpAla ina donoM ke anusAra kriyApara se tAtparya abhyAsalagna gAyaka se hai jo sadA abhyAsa karane meM tyaktAlasya ho paraMtu AcArya siMhabhUpAla ne isa viSaya ko adhika spaSTa karate hue saMgItasamayasAra kA bhI uddharaNa dete hue kahA hai ki :" mArgI tathA dezI dvividha saMgIta kA zAstrAnusAra nirdoSa gAyana karane vAlA kriyApara hai / vAstava meM to abhyAsa ke binA vyakti saMsAra meM sAdhAraNa paThana-pAThana meM bhI kramazaH jaDatva ko prApta karatA jAtA hai phira saMgIta jaisI nAdabrahmAtmaka vidhA kA to kahanA hI kyA hai / isameM to abhyAsa hI sarvaprakAraka pANDitya athavA cAturya kA mUla hai, parantu kallinAtha tathA saMgItasamayasAra ina donoM ke dvArA prastuta "kriyApara" pada kI vyAkhyA meM mUlabhUta antara hai| yadi zabda se udbhUta vyutpattilabhya artha kA grahaNa kiyA jAya to "kriyAyAM para:" isa vigraha se kiyA arthAt gAyana kiyA meM sadA lIna yaha kallinAthAbhimata artha hI adhika saMgata pratIta hogaa| astu kriyApara honA sugAyana mAnA jAtA hai isameM koI vivAda nahIM hai / (17) muktalaya : saMgItazAstra meM tAla ko kAlakriyAmAna arthAt kAla yA samaya kI gati kA mApana kahA jAtA hai (1) yaha managata, tathA (2) hastagata bhedoM se dvividha hai| kAla kA mApana karane ke liye pratyakSataH hastagata kriyA kA Alambana mRdaGgAdi ke dvArA athavA mAtra hasta se hI kiyA jAtA hai / hasta ke AghAtoM meM jo antarAla bana jAtA hai use laya kahate haiM kyoMki vaha do AghAtoM ke andara lIna ho jAtA hai isake tIna bheda haiN| (1) dUta, (2) madhya evaM (2) vilambita "yuktalaya" pada ke zabdArthakA vivecana karane para jo laya meM 'yukta arthAt juTA huA hai athavA laya se yukta hai yaha sAmAnyArtha prApta hotA hai jisake anusAra sarvavidha tAlagati meM niSNAta gAyaka yuktalaya mAnA jAyagA / parantu siMhabhUpAla ke anusAra "gAyaka kI prasiddhi se raMjanakArI gAyana" yuktalayatA kA tAtparya hai / vicAra karane para isase uparyukta zAbdika artha kI saMgati isa prakAra baiThatI hai ki jo gAyaka vibhinna kAlagatiyoM arthAt layoM (doguNa tiguna Adi) kA pradarzana atyaMta niSNAtatA se evaM prasiddha yanusAra kare vaha "yuktalaya" guNAnvita gAyaka kahA jAyegA / prAyaH zAstrakAroM ne gAyana meM paccIsa doSa mAne haiM ve saMdaSTa udghaSTa Adi doSa Age varNita kie jAyeMge una sarvavidha doSoM (18) sughaTa : jisa bhI vidhi se gAyana meM saundarya A sake aisA prayatna karane vAlA sughaTa kahalAtA hai| ise hI bhASA meM "sughar3a" kahate hai / " kallinAtha ke isa mAnya artha ke atirikta saMgItasamayasAra kA zAstrIya pakSa bhI dekhanA ucita hogA jisake anusAravaha gAyaka jo svara, varNa tathA tAla ina tInoM gIta ke aMgoM ko spaSTa rUpa se ghaTita vyakta karatA hai tathA sundara dhvani se yukta kaNTha vAlA (hRdyazabdaH) bhI hotA hai / " tattvataH ina donoM matoM meM koI antara nahIM / saMgItasamayasAra meM sughaTatva meM vAMchanIya sundaradhvani ko saMgItaratnAkara meM hRdayazabdatva ke dvArA pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai| mUla bAta to gAyana ke sundara rUpa se saMghaTana kI hai jo donoM matoM meM samAna hai / (19) dhAraNAnvita: 1. saMgItaratnAkara bhAga do pRSTha 154 tathA 155. 2. vahI, pRSTha 155. 3. sulanIya saMgItasamayasAra, 6.56 utta0, 57 pUrvArdhaM / 4 7. 8. dhAraNA zakti kA saMgItazAstrIya artha saMgItasamayasArakRt AcArya pAzvadeva ne nimna prakAra se diyA hai ki saMgItasamayasAra 8.2. 5. vahI, 8, 17. 6. saMgItaratnAkara bhAga do, pRSTha 155. vahI, pRSTha 154, kallinAthI TIkA / saMgItasamayasAra, 6.56-60. 212 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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"anutAra se paravartI svaroM meM eka zrutipraskhalana (svara kA kama raha jAnA) Adi hone para bhI jisa gAyaka kI dhvani kI gADhatA-saghanatA kama nahIM hotI hai use dhAraNA zakti ke nAma se saMgItazAstriyoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai|" sAmAnya rUpa meM yadi ise yU' kahA jAya ki jisa gAyaka kI "anutAra" gAyana meM bhI dhvani kamajora na par3e vaha dhAraNAnvita gAyaka hotA hai / cAhe isa gAyana meM rAga kA abhISTa svara na laga rahA ho| (20) sphUrjannirjavana : nirjavana' pada kI vyAkhyA do prakAra se prApta hotI hai / sAmAnyata: jo artha sarvamAnya hai vaha hai "apratihatagatitva" / ' isakA eka apara svarUpa saMgItasamayasAra ne diyA hai vaha hai "vAsa para vijaya prApta karake gAnA nirjabana kahalAtA hai| ye donoM mAyA gAyakaniSTha haiM / zAstraniSTha athavA prabandhaniSTha vyAkhyA ke anusAra "ve sthAya jinameM svara kramazaH atisakSamasvarUpa ko prApta karatA jAtA hai, saralatA, komalatA tathA raktimatva guNoM se yukta hotA hai, nirjavanAnvita sthAya kahe jAte haiN|" tatvadaSTyA vicAra karane para yaha bhI gAyakaniSTha vastu ho jAtI hai- 'jo gAyaka sthAyoM kA prayoga karate samaya svara meM saralatA, komalatA tathA raktimattva ko banAe rakhakara svara ko kramazaH atisakSamatA kI ora le jAtA hai vaha nirjavanAnvita hai aura yaha kArya zvAsasAdhya hai ata: isa kArya ke liye apratihatagatitva evaM jitazvAsatva Avazyaka haiN| (21) hAri: jisakA gAyana mana ko haraNa kara lene vAlA ho| (22) rahaHkRta : isa pada kI vyAkhyA meM saMgItaratnAkara ke donoM TIkAkAroM kA mata bhinna hai| siMhabhUpAla ke anusAra "rahaHkRt" kA tAtparya vega se gAyana karanA hai / jo vAstava meM "nirjavana" ke varNana ke prasaMga meM kallinAtha dvArA svIkRta artha hai| kallinAtha ke anasAra "rahaH" pada kA tAtparya dhotRjanamohana' hai ataH zrotRjanamohana kAraka gAyaka ko rahaHkat kahanA cAhiye / vAstava meM yaha artha bhI mala meM ukta "hAri" pada ke dvArA prakaTa ho cukA hai| yA to kallinAtha ne hAri ko pRthak na mAnate hue "hArirahaHkRt" yaha eka pada mAnakara isakA tAtparyAtha zrota janamohana le liyA hai anyathA "hAri" kA bhI artha manohAri karanA tathA pUnaH rahaHkRta se bhI zrota janamohana artha prakaTa karanA saMbhavataH granthakAra AcArya zAGgaMdeva tathA anya AcAryoM ko bhI abhISTa na hogA kyoMki yaha mAtra vinokhaNahI hai| isI prakAra nirjavana" tathA rahaHkRt" ina donoM padoM kA artha vega se gAyana karanA bhI piSTapeSaNa hI hai| ina sabhI prakAra ke arthoM ko eka tarapha rakhakara yadi hama eka anya dRSTi se vicAra kareM to pAte haiM ki rahas kA tAtparya maithana athavA rati hotA hai| ataH jisa prakAra koI mAnava ratyartha upasthita strI ke sAtha sneha se vyavahAra karatA hai usI prakAra gAyanavidhA ke prakaTana ke ya svaroM, varNoM Adi ke sAtha snehila vyavahAra karane vAlA "raha kRt" ho sakatA hai / bhAvArtha yaha hai ki gAyaka ko gAyana ke samaya sAndradhvani kA prayoga karanA cAhiye / (23) bhajanoddhara : mazArIra dhvani ke kAraNa rAga kI sundara samabhivyakti ko bhajana kahA jAtA hai / isameM utkaTa arthAt pracaMDa pravINalA vaalaa| isI bhajana kA upalabdha saMgItasamayasAra meM bhajavaNA ke nAma se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| (24) susaMpradAya : jisakA supratiSThita saMpradAya se saMbaMdha ho| yahI saMpradAya paramparA saMbhavataH paravartI evaM Adhunika kAla meM gharAnoM ke nAma se abhihita kI gaI hai| 1. saMgItasamayasAra, 3.62 (gharaNi ke nAma se ukta hai) 2. saMgItaratnAkara bhAga do, pRSTha 154 kallinAthI ttiikaa| 3. saMgItasamayasAra, 3.88 (nijavaNa ke nAma se ukta hai) 4. saMgItaratnAkara prakIrNakAdhyAya, 145-46. 5. saMgItaratnAkAra bhAga do, pRSTha 156 siMhabhUpAla kI ttiikaa| 6. vahI, pRSTha 155, kallinAthI TIkA, 7. iMgliza hindI DiksanarI dvArA goDe aura krve| 5. saMgItaratnAkara bhAga 2. siMhabhapAla TIkA, pa.STha 156. 9. saMgItasamayasAra, 3.88. jaina prAcya vidyAe~

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ina gaNoM vAle gAyakoM ko zreSTha, inameM se kucha guNoM se hIna parantu doSarahita gAyakoM ko madhyama tathA eka bhI doSa se yukta gAyaka cAhe sarvaguNasampanna kyoM na ho use adhama gAyaka mAnA jAtA hai| gAyaka ke mUlata: pAMca bheda haiM / (1) zikSAkAra, (2) anukAra, (3) rasika, (4) raMjaka tathA (5) bhAvaka / inakA vivaraNa nimna prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai : (1) zikSAkAra-binA kisI nyUnatA ke sarvavidha gAyana vidhAoM ko sapadi zikSita kara sakane vaalaa'| TIko prakAra bhI vivRta kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jo "zaddha arthAta gArgI tathA sAlaga arthAt dezI sUDoM ko zIghratA se viSama evaM prAMjala gIta ko sikhA sakatA / (2) anukAra-dUsare gAyakoM kI gAna bhaGgimAoM kA anukaraNa karane vaalaa| (3) rasika-gAyana samaya meM gIta ke rasa se AviSTa hokara rasapUrNa gAyana karane vaalaa| aise samaya meM zra saMkIrNa tathA pulakita bhI ho sakatA hai| (4) raMjaka-janamanaraMjana karane vaalaa| saMgItasamayasAra meM isakA suvistRta varNana yoM kiyA gayA hai ki jo "manabhAvana gIta ke dvArA zrotA kA manobhAva samajhakara gIta meM nATya ke aMza ko bhI sammilita karake use raMjaka banA detA hai vAstava meM use raMjaka kahate haiM / bhAvaka zrotA ke abhiprAya ko jAnakara nIrasa ko sarasa tathA bhAvahIna ko bhAvAnvita karake gAne vAlA bhAvaka kalAkAra dRSTavya hai ki isa sampUrNa gAyaka bheda prasaMga meM kallinAtha tathA siMhabhUpAla ina donoM kI TIkA upalabdha siMhabhUpAla isa prakaraNa meM mAtra saMgItasamayasAra ko uddha ta karake vyAkhyA karate haiN|" gAyana kI kSamatA ke anusAra gAyaka ko punaH tIna bhedoM meM bAMTA gayA hai: (1) ekalagAyaka, (2) yamalagAyaka kI vRndagAyaka / inakA vivaraNa" nAmAnusArI hai (1) ekalagAyaka-vaha gAyaka jo ekAkI gAyana meM sakSama hai, isI ko AMglabhASA meM Solo singer kahate haiN| (2) yamala-jo do gAyaka mila kara gA sakate hoM unheM yamalagAyaka kahate haiM / AMglabhASA meM Ajakala isa vidhAko Duet kahA jAtA hai| (3) vandagAyaka-jo gAyaka samUha ke sAtha gAyana meM sakSama ho / gAyana kI isa vidhA ko AMglabhASA meM Choran Singing kahA jAtA hai| gAyana meM sRSTi ke Arambha se hI striyAM bhI pramukhataH bhAga letI rahI haiN| ataH gAyakoM ke ukta vaNita guNa athavA vaNya doSa gAyikAoM meM bhI yathAvat samajhe jAne cAhiye parantu guNoM kI saMkhyA karane para jo guNa unameM adhika hone cAhiye ve haiM 1. saMgItaratnAkara prakIrNakAdhyAya, 18-19. 2. vahI, 19-20 3. bahI, 20. 4. saMgItasamayasAra,6.61-62. 5. saMgItaratnAkAra, prakIrNakAdhyAya-21. saMgItasamayasAra, 6.62-63. 7. saMgItaratnAkara, 3.21. saMgItasamayasAra, 6.64-65. 6. vahIM, 6. 63-64. 10. saMgItaratnAkara bhAga-2, pRSTha 156. 11. vahIM, prakIrNakAdhyAya-22, 23. 214 AcAryaratta zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana granya

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(1) rUpasvitA, (2) yauvana, (3) mAdhuryadhurINatA, (4) caturAI, (5) caturapriyAtva, / ' tabhI gAyikAe uttama kahI jA sakatI haiN| ina grAhya guNoM kI pUrvAcAryaparamparAnusAra parigaNanA ke pazcAt AcArya pArzvadeva ke dvArA svIkRta guNagaNanA kA vivecana karane para hama yaha pAte haiM ki prAya: inhIM, kucha inase atirikta tathA kucha inhIM meM se anya nAmoM se guNa AcArya pArzvadeva ne svIkAra kiye haiM / udAharaNArtha kriyAparatva, sUghaTatva, bhAvakatva, zikSAkAratva, rasikatva, raMjakatva, grahamokSadakSatA, sthAnatrayaprayogadakSatA, vividhAlapti janA gambhIramadharadhvanitva, rAgarAgAGgavyavahArakozala, jitadhamatva, vazyakaNThatva, avadhAraNAzaktimatva, sapAdhyAyaprApta(sasaMpradAyatva) Adi kucha gaNa donoM ora samAna rUpa meM prApta haiM, jabaki nimna vizeSatAeM saMgItasamayasAra meM adhika ginAI * sarekhatA, kramasthatva, gatisthatva, susaMcatva, pararItijJatva, rItAlatva (vitAlatva), sugandhatva, aniyamatva, caupaTatva, vibandhatva. to ina atirikta vizeSatAoM kA varNana karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai : sarekhatA-saMbhavata: vividhasvarasamUhoM (sthAyoM) ke prayoga ke dvArA zrotRcitta meM vibhinna prakAra ke rekhAcitra utpanna kara vAmandara rekhA arthAta zarIra vAlA honA arthAt nevAnandakAraka zarIra vAlA honA hI surekhatA se abhipreta hai kyoMki AcArya pAvaMdeva ne isakA mAtra parigaNana hI kiyA hai, vivaraNa nahIM diyA hai| zramasthala-uttamottamasUDa Adi sarvavidhasUDoM ko kramaza: pratirUpaka paryanta gAne kI kSamatA honA / isa lekha meM prabandha kA varNana karate hae usake tIna bheda kahe gae haiM-sUDastha, AlisaMzraya, viprakIrNa / sUDa kA lakSa Na nimna prakAra se kiyA jAtA hai elA, karaNa, DheGa kI, vartanI, jhombaDa, lambha, rAsaka, ekatAlI; ina ATha prakAra ke gAyana prabaMdhoM ko sUDa ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| anya AcAryoM dvArA anirgadita eka viziSTa vargIkaraNa prastuta karate hue AcArya pArzvadeva ne sUDa ke pAMca bheda kahe haiM / (1) atijaghanya, (2) jaghanya, (3) madhyama, (4) uttama tathA (5) atyuttama athavA uttamottama / vistArabhaya se ina sabakA saMkhyApana mAtra kiyA jA rahA hai| ina sabhI prakAra ke sUDastha prabaMdhoM ko rUpaka (prabaMdha ke eka bheda) taka gAne kI kSamatA rakhane vAlA kramastha kahalAtA hai|' gatistha-kaNTha ke vaza meM hone ke kAraNa jo gAyaka sarvAdhika gamakoM ko pRthak-pRthaka lakSaNAnusAra pradarzita kara ske| sasaMca-prazasya-zArIra dhvani kA svAmI hone ke kAraNa tattadrAgoM kI Alapti karane meM samartha jo gAyaka anAyAsa hI gIta ko jAna letA hai vaha susaMca kahalAtA hai| parItijJa-gIta tathA zarIra dhvani kI ceSTAoM kA Alapti meM anukaraNa karane vAlA evaM gIta sambandhI uttama guNoM vAlA pararItijJa kahalAtA hai / 1. saMgItaratnAkara prakIrNakAdhyAya-24. 2. vahI, prabandhAdhyAya, 23-24. 3. saMgItasamaya sAra, 5. 60-62. 4. vahI, 6. 57, 58. 5. vahI, 6. 58, 56. 6. vahI, 6. 60-61. 7. vahI, 6. 65-66. jaina prAcya vidyAe~ 215

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rotAla (vitAla ) - jisake dhvani evaM zArIra meM nAnAdezIyarItiyAM (svaravyavahAraprakAra ) prApta hote haiM vaha rItAla kahA jAtA hai / " sugandha - viSama tathA prAMjala prakAra ke gAna prabaMdhoM kA cirakAla taka gAte hue bhI jisake kaMTha kA mAdhurya kSINa nahIM hotA sugandha kahate haiN| yaha guNaprakAra vAstava meM suzArIradhvani se saMyukta vyakti meM prabandhagAna niSNAtatA, vazyakaNThatva, hRdyazabdatva Adi guNoM kI samaSTirUpa meM upasthiti kI kalpanA hai-aisA mAnanA ucita hogA / use aniyama -- yadyapi AcArya pArzvadeva ne aniyama kA parigaNana to kiyA hai parantu upalabdha grantha meM isakA vivaraNa nahIM diyA gayA hai / phira bhI sabhI guNoM kA tAttvika dRSTi se vicAra karane para aniyama se yaha samajhA jA sakatA hai ki jo gAyaka kisI nizcita gAyana prakAra ( prabaMdha, jAti, Alapti Adi) ke bhItara baMdhA na rahe tathA samaya evaM vAtAbaraNa ke anusAra gAyanarasa Adi kA vicAra karake rAga evaM gAyana prakAra kA cayana kare vaha aniyama se abhihita kiyA jAnA cAhiye (svamata ) / caupaTa - zuddha evaM chAyAlaga zreNI ke rAgoM meM AlaptipUrvaka gIta gA sakane vAlA / ' nibandha - dhvani meM (gAyanakAla meM ) vibhinna gatimArgoM kA cintana karane vaalaa| isase nizcita rUpa se jo gAyana samaya meM vibhinna layoM kA pradarzana karatA hai tathA vibhinna chanda jisake gAyana se kaTa kaTa kara ubhara rahe hoM yahI zabda saMgItajJoM tathA rasikoM meM prayukta kiyA jAtA hai) / mizra - binA kisI doSa kA avakAza diye jo eka rAga meM anya rAga kI chAyA ko mizrita kara sakatA hai vaha atyanta cAturyayukta gAyaka mizra ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai|" yahAM yaha dhyAtavya hai doSavarNana prakaraNa meM sabhI AcAryoM meM mizraka nAma se aghama gAyaka kI kalpanA kI hai| mizratva nAmaka guNa evaM mizrakatva nAmaka doSa hotA hai, yaha yahAM spaSTa karanA Avazyaka hai| donoM kI prakriyA meM koI antara nahIM hai| apitu mizraNa kI koTi kA antara hai| yadi mizraNa itanA adhika kara diyA jAya ki mUlarAga kI apekSA mizrita, rAga pradhAna ho jAya to vaha garhaNIya doSa hai parantu yadi rAga meM rAgAntara kI chAyAmAtra cAturya se mizrita karake rasika, zrotRvRnda ko camatkRta kara diyA jAya to vaha mizraNa eka prazasya guNa hogA / striyoM meM ina sabhI guNoM athavA varNya-doSoM ko yathAvat kalpanA karake AcArya pArzvadeva unameM kucha atirikta vizeSatAoM ko atyanta mukharita lekhanI se nirUpita karate hue kahate haiM ki, bhAvArtha yaha hai ki (Adhunika kAla meM "puruSoM evaM striyoM kI pradhAnatA kA nirNaya karate samaya yaha nizcita jAna lenA cAhiye ki gAyana meM sadA hI striyoM kA prAdhAnya hai tathA puruSa to apavAdarUpeNa striyoM se adhika prazasya ho sakate haiN| striyoM kI ceSTAeM prItikara hotI haiM, unakI gAnapAThAdi kriyAoM meM visvaratA nahIM hotI tathA aGgaviceSTita evaM kaMThamAdhurya bhI striyoM meM hI svabhAvataH vidyamAna rahatA hai jabaki puruSoM meM sarvavidhasauSThava vyAyAma evaM abhyAsa ke nityakaraNa tathA nairantarya se arjita hotA hai isaliye striyoM meM puruSAzrita prayoga bAhulya se karane cAhiyeM / isI prasaMga meM Adibharata ke mata kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jisake anusAra vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki yadi striyoM meM vAdya athavA pATha guNa tathA puruSoM meM gAna- madhuratva dikhAI deM to yaha samajhanA cAhiye ki yaha unakA alaGkArabhUta guNa hai na ki svAbhAvika / " prAyaH dekhA gayA hai ki devamandira, pArthiva, senApati tathA mukhya-mukhya anya puruSoM ke bhavanoM meM puruSavihita evaM strI saMcAlita prayoga hote haiN|' 1. saMgItasamayasAra, 6. 70-71. 2. vahI, 6.66-67. 3. vahI, 6.66-70. 4. vahI, 6.71-72. 5. vahI, C. 73. 6. vahI, 6. 106 107. 7. vahI, 6 112-115. 8. vahI, 6. 105. 6. vahI, 6.111. 216 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha

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isa sampUrNa upayukta vivaraNa se uttama gAyaka ke grAhya guNoM kI parigaNanA ke anantara varNya-doSoM kA bhI vivaraNa Avazyaka hai ataH sabhI AcAryoM ne apane mata isa viSaya para prastuta kiye haiM / ina AcAryoM meM guNoM kI bhAMti doSoM kI saMkhyA para bhI matabhinnatA daSTigocara hotI hai| eka ora to saMgItaratnAkara kI paramparA vAle AcArya doSoM kI saMkhyA nimna prakAra se paccIsa mAnate haiM : (1) saMdaSTa, (2) uddhRSTa, (3) sUtkAri, (4) bhIta, (5) zaGikata, (6) kampita, (7) karAlI, (8) vikala, (8) kAkI, (10) vitAla, (11) karabha, (12) udbhaTa, (13) jhombaka, (14) tumbakI, (15) vakrI, (16) prasArI, (17) minimIlaka, (18) virasa, (16) apasvara, (20) avyakta, (21) sthAnabhraSTa, (22) avyavasthita, (23) mizraka, (24) anavadhAna, (25) sAnunAsika / dUsarI ora AcArya pArzvadeva ne upayukta meM se, (1) vikala, (2) karama, (3) tumbakI, (4) virasa, (5) apasvara, (6) avyakta, tathA (7) sthAnabhraSTa-ina sAta doSoM kA nAmAMkana nahIM kiyA hai, anya aThAraha ko bhI yathAvat na mAnate hae unake vivaraNa meM kahIM-kahIM antara karate hue uSTrakI nAmaka eka navIna doSa kA ullekha kiyA hai| saMgItaratnAkarakAra Adi ne jisa doSa ko tambakI ke nAma se mAnA hai usI vivaraNa vAle doSa ko saMgItasamayasArakRta ne jhombaka ke nAma se svIkAra kiyA hai| saMgItaratnAkarakAra dvArA svIkRta ubhaTa nAmaka doSa ko AcAya pArzvadeva ne udghaGa nAma se vivRta kiyA hai| isa prakAra AcArya pArzvadeva ne doSoM kI saMkhyA mAtra unnIsa mAnI hai| samprati uparyukta sarvavidha doSoM kA vivaraNa prastuta hai 1. saMdaSTa-dAMta pIsa kara gAne vAlA, 2. uddhaSTa-nIrasa udghoSa karane vAlA, noTa :-saMgItaratnAkara ke "ADyAra saMskaraNa" meM "visarodghoSaH" pATha diyA gayA hai jo ucita pratIta nahIM hotA / tulanA kiye jAne para "madrAsa sarakAra oriyaNTala sIrIja' se prakAzita saMgItadarpaNakAra ke dvArA diye gae vivaraNa se jJAta hotA hai ki vAstava meM "virasodghoSaH" pATha samucita hai tathA prastuta prakaraNa meM saMgata bhI hai| 3. satkAri-gAyana samaya meM sU-sU zabda karane vAlA, 4. bhIta-bhaya yukta hokara gAne vAlA, 5. zaMkita-bahuta zIghratA se gAne vAlA, 6. kampita--svabhAvataH hI kaNTha, mukha evaM zabdoM ko kampana karAte hae gAne vAlA / yahA~ vizeSa bAta jAna lenI cAhiye ki kampana gamaka ko bhI kahate haiM parantu yaha sArvatrika nahIM apitu sthAnasApekSa honI cAhiye / 7. karAlI-vikarAla rUpa meM mukha kA udghATana karake gAyana karane vAlA, 8. vikala-svara kI nizcita zrutiyoM se kama athavA adhika zrutiyoM ko gAne vAlA, 6. kAkI-jaisA ki nAma se hI spaSTa hai-kaue ke samAna rUkSa gAyana karane vAlA, 10. vitAla-tAla se vicyuta ho jAne vAlA=betAla, 11. karabha--kandhe tathA gardana UMcI karake gAne vAlA, 1. saMgItaratnAkara, 3. 25-27. tulanIya saMgItadarpaNa, 327. 2. saMgIta samayasAra, 6.76 (pUrvArdha). jaina prAcya vidyAe~ 217

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12. udbhaTa-ArohI athavA avarohI svaroM meM kampana honA "vahanI" nAmaka sthAna kA lakSaNa hai|' vahanI kA gAyana aja kI taraha Thor3I hilA-hilAkara karane vAlA adhama koTi kA gAyaka udbhaTa ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isI ko AcArya pArzvadeva ne udghaDa kahA hai| unake anusAra yaha gAyaka upahAsa ke yogya hai| 13. jhombaka-gAyana samaya meM jisake mAthe, mukha evaM grIvA kI zirAeM phUla jAeM tathA mukhAdi raktAbha lAla ho jAeM, 14. tumbako-tumbe ke samAna grIvA phulAkara gAne vaalaa| AcArya pArzvadeva ne isI ko jhombaka ke nAma se mAnA hai| ke anusAra jisakA galA, nAsikA evaM nayana gAyana samaya meM phUla jAeM vaha jhombaka hotA hai| saMgItazAstra ke anama pratyeka saptaka sthAna ke svaroM ke udbhAvana kA sthAna zArIravINA meM nizcita hai| isa krama ke anyathA ho jAne vyartha hI zArIrika bala kA prayoga karanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| zArIrika bala kA atiprayoga jaba gAyana meM hone lagA hai taba gAyaka ke gale, nAsikA, bhAla Adi kI nasa-nAr3iyAM phUla jAtI haiM jo dekhane meM acchA nahIM lgtaa| ataH inheM ho mAnA gayA hai| AcArya pArzvadeva ina donoM doSoM ko eka meM hI samAhita karanA cAhate haiM, aisA tattvadaSTyA vicAra karane para unakI bhAvanA jJAta hotI hai| 15. vakrI-male ko Ter3hA karake gAne vAlA, 16. prasArI-saMgItaratnAkara kAra ke anusAra hAtha-pAMva adhika phailA-phailA kara tathA gItAdi kA atyadhika prasAra karanA vAlA prasArI kahalAtA hai / saMgItadarpaNakAra ne mAtra zarIra ke prasAra se prasArI doSa kA saMjJApana kiyA hai tathA saMgIta samayasArakAra ke anusAra gIta kA itanA adhika prasAra kara dene vAlA ki geya vastu sundara tathA sarasa hotecI "sImAMta upayogitA" ke dvArA anta meM zrotA ko ubAne vAlI bana jAya "prasArI" doSayukta gAyaka hai| 17. vinimIlaka-gAyanakAla meM netra mUda lene vAlA, 18. virasa--rasahIna gAyana karane vaalaa| yahAM yaha spaSTa karanA apekSita hai ki "uddhRSTa" nAmaka doSa meM gAyaka kI kaNThAnadhvani nIrasa hotI hai jabaki "virasa" nAmaka doSa meM gAyaka dvArA prastUyamAna gAyana kisI anya kAraNavaza bahatara zrotRvarga ko nIrasa pratIta hotA hai| 16. apasvara-rAga ke prayoga meM rAga meM vajita vivAdI-svara jo rAga ke zatru ke samAna mAnA jAtA hai| kA prayoga kara dene vAlA, 20. avyakta-gadgadadhvani se avyakta varNoM vAlA arthAt jisake zabdAdi samajha na A sakeM, 21. sthAnabhraSTa-jo mandra, madhya tathA tAra ina tInoM saptakasthAnoM kA prayoga karane meM sakSama na ho, 22. avyavasthita-sthAnakoM kA avyavasthita prayoga karane vAlA, 23. mizraka-zuddha athavA chAyAlaga rAgoM kA paraspara atyadhika evaM avAMchanIya sImA taka mizraNa kara dene vAlA, 24. niravadhAnaka-rAga ke avayavabhUta sthAyoM ke prayoga meM sAvadhAna na rahane vAlA, 25. sAnunAsika- geya vastu ke gAna meM nAsikA kA atyadhika sAhAyya lene vaalaa| 1. saMgItaratnAkAra, 3. 114-115. 2. saMgItasamayasAra-6.65. 3. vahI, 6.81. 4. vahI, 6. 82. 5. rAgavibodha, 1. 38. 218 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana pranyA

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uparyukta krama se vaNita doSoM ke atirikta AcArya pArzvadeva dvArA pRthak rUpa meM udbhAvita "uSTrako" nAmaka doSa kA vivaraNa uSTrakI :- gAyana samaya meM uSTra kI taraha baiThA huA gAyaka' / uSTra baiThate samaya apanI cAroM TAMgoM ko ulTA mor3a kara baiThatA hai| manuSya ke liye aise baiThanA na kevala asvAsthyakara hai apitu kucha loga ise apazakuna bhI mAnate haiM / nimna hai AcArya pArzvadeva ke anusAra sarvaguNayukta gAyaka uttama, dvitra guNoM se hIna madhyama evaM cAra yA pAMca guNoM se hIna adhama kahalAtA hai / yahAM saMgItaratnAkarakArAdi se pArzvadeva kA mata bhinna hai / adhama gAyaka kI kalpanA karate hue saMgItaratnAkara Adi granthoM meM doSayukta gAyaka ko adhama kahA gayA hai cAhe anyathA yaha sarvaguNasampanna hI kyoM na ho| isa viSaya meM tattvadRSTyA vicAra karane para una donoM matoM meM eka mUlabhUta antara dRSTigocara hotA hai| jahAM saMgItaratnAkarakA rAdi ke dvArA eka Adarzasthiti kI kalpanA kI gaI hai vahA~ saMgItasamayasAra ne usa Adarza ko vyavahAra kA sparza dete hue guNoM ke Adhikyanyauntya ke dvArA hI uttamamadhyamAdhama gAyakoM kI 'parikalpanA kara dI hai / ' arthAt yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki doSayukta gAyaka hI adhama hogA / jaisA ki prastuta lekha meM pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki prastuta saMdarbha meM uparyukta guNa-doSoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue gAyana kSamatA ke anusAra gAyakoM kA yaha vargIkaraNa hI AcArya pArzvadeva kI svayaM meM eka anUThI dena hai| isa gAyana kSamatA ke anusAra hI eka evaM vRndagAyakoM meM se ekala gAyaka ko prazasyatama, yamala ko prazasyatara evaM vRndagAyaka ko prazasya mAtra hI mAnA gayA hai / " isa gAyana kSamatA ke AdhAra para hI pUrvokta uttamamadhyamAdhama zreNI ke gAyakoM kA punaH tIna-tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| vaha vibhAjana vivaraNa pUrvaka nimna rUpa meM prastuta hai (1) uttamottama (2) uttamamadhyama (3) uttamAdhama (4) madhyamottama (2) madhyamadhyama (6) madhyamAdhama, (7) adhamottama, (8) adhamamadhyama, ( 9 ) adhamAdhama / (1) uttamottama - zuddha tathA chAyAlA dvividha gIta ko AlaptipUrvaka mandramadhyatAra ina tInoM svarasaptakasthAnoM meM gA saka vAlA, (2) uttamamadhyama -- uparyukta prakAraka gItoM ko kinhIM do svarasthAnoM meM hI AlaptipUrvaka gA sakane vAlA, (3) uttamAdhama -- inhIM gItoM ko AlaptipUrvaka kevala eka hI svarasthAna meM gAne kI kSamatA vAlA, (4) madhyamottama zuddha rAgoM ke gItoM ko AvatipUrvaka tInoM svarasthAnoM meM gA sakane vAlA, (5) madhyamadhyama zuddha rAmoM ke gItoM ko AsaptipUrvaka kinhIM do hI svarasthAnoM meM yA sakane vAlA, (6) madhyamAdhama- zuddharAgIya gIta ko AlaptipUrvaka kisI eka hI svara sthAna meM gA sakane vAlA, (7) adhamosama - chAyAlaga prakAra ke rAMga meM samyak AlaptipUrvaka gIta kA tInoM svarasthAnoM meM gAyaka, (8) adhamamadhyama - isI prakAra ke gIta ko mAtra do svarasthAnoM meM gA sakane vAlA, (6) adhamAdhama - isI prakAra ke gIta ko kevala eka hI svarasthAna meM gA sakane vAlA / " 1. saMgItasamayasAra 684 2. vahI, 6. 63-65 3. saMgItaratnAkara, 3.16. 4. saMgItasamayasAra, 6.60 5. vahI, 6.86. 6. vahI, 6. 65. 7. vahI, 6. 65 - 101. jaina prAcya vidyAe~ 216

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isa vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki "sthAnabhraSTa' nAmaka doSa (jisameM gAyaka tInoM svarasthAnoM kA prayoga karane meM asamartha hotA hai) se yukta gAyaka bhI uttama kahalA sakatA hai cAhe uttamatA meM usakI koI bhI zreNI kyoM na ho| ataH gAyana kI kSamatAmAtra se hI uttamamadhyamAdhamatvanirdhAraNa AcArya pArzvadeva ko abhISTa hai| ina sampUrNa gaNoM, doSoM, kSamatA Adi kA tAratamya samyaka prakAra se jAnakara vAdI-prativAdiyoM meM se jo adhika guNavAn athavA prazasyatara ho use vijayI ghoSita karanA sabhApati kA kArya hai| usa tAratamya kA nizcaya karane ke liye gAyakoM ke pArasparika vAda meM ubhaya pakSI gAyakoM ko zuddha rAgoM meM gAyana ke liye elAdiviSamasUDa, tAdRzIhIAlapti tathA ekAdazAGgula sthAya kA prayoga nidaza denA caahiye| gAyikAoM ke pArasparikavAda meM ina kSamatAoM kA dhyAna rakhate hue bhI unake liye pRthak parIkSaNa-prabandha nirdhArita kie gae haiN| tadanusAra unheM zuddha rAga meM sUDa, Alapti Adi pUrvavat dekara sthAyI parIkSaNa ke liye caturdazAGgula sthAyI denI caahiye| chAyAlaga meM bhI sUDa evaM Alapti gAyakoM ke samAna hI dekara dvAdazAGgulasammata sthAyI prayogArtha denA abhISTa mAnA gayA hai| anta meM vAdI-prativAdiyoM ko eka cetAvanI denI Avazyaka hai ki vaha isa prakAra ke gAyana se baceM jo aise beDhaba gIta se yukta ho jisameM tAla evaM pATa alakSita hoM, gamaka kI adhikatA ho, rUkSatA ho yA viSamatA ho| isa prakAra ke gIta pratiyogI ko atyanta priya hote haiM kyoMki yaha prayoktA kI chavi ko bigAr3akara pratiyogI kI vijaya kA mArga prazasta kara dete haiN| niSkarSa rUpa meM prastuta lekha dvArA vAdI-prativAdiyoM ke madhya udabhayamAna vivAda kA nirNaya karane ke jo nidaMza, AcArya pArzvadeva sammata athavA anya pUrvAcAryoM dvArA vaNita viSayoM para AdhArita svarUpAnusAra prastuta kiye gae haiM vaha nizcaya hI kisI bhI saMgIta ke rasika tathA jijJAsu athavA adhikArI vidvAn ke dvArA avazya hI jJAtavya hai isameM kicinmAtra sandeha kA avakAza nahIM honA cAhiye, aisA merA mata hai| saMgIta aura sAhitya saMgIta aura sAhitya meM ghanA sambandha hai| sAhitya saMgIta ko vANI detA hai| saMgIta use apanI laya para taraMgita kara dizAMta ko bhara detA hai| sAhitya zabda aura cintana pradhAna hai, saMgIta svara aura nAdapradhAna / sAhitya ko saMgIta mukharita karatA hai, parantu saMgIta kI samIkSita vivekAviveka kI bhUmi sAhitya prastuta karatA hai, use zAstrIya kI rUparekhA meM, usakI madhura sImAoM meM ba~dhatA hai / vANI sAhitya kA vilAsa hai / dhvani mAtra ko saMgIta nahIM kahate / zravaNa usakA mAdhyama hotA huA bhI usake paricayAtmaka avayava sAhitya pradatta haiN| bhajana, kIrtana, mArga, dezI, darabArI, grAma, dhrupadIya, philmI, dhArmika, kAmuka, uttarI, karnATakI saba prakAra ke gItoM ko sAhitya ne zabda aura vANI kI kAyA dI hai| lalita padAvaliyA~ unako zabdabhUmi haiN| bhakti aura tasavvupha ne bhArata kI saMskRti meM madhya kAla meM eka krAMti upasthita kara dI thii| usa kAla ke sAmAjika samanvaya draSTA RSiyoM ke pada se bhakti aura tasavvupha ke Andolana mukharita hue| kavIra aura raidAsa, bhikhArI aura dAdU, mIrA aura sUra, tulasI aura sikkha guru sabhI ne apanI-apanI rIti se samAja, rahasya aura anucita ke pratikAra ke upAya ko dekhA, vANI meM dhvanita kiyA aura saMgIta use apane paMkha para DAla diganta ko le udd'aa| caitanya aura caMDIdAsa utane hI dhvani-sampanna padakAra the jitane jayadeva aura vidyApati rahe the| kAlidAsa ne vikramorvazIya ke cauthe aMka meM apabhraMza ke gIta likhakara usake gAne ke rAga bhI sujhA diye / jayadeva ne gItagobinda ke pratyeka gIta para rAga ko sUcita kara diyaa| vidyApati ne bAharamAse gAye, khusarU ne khayAla, rahIma khAnakhAnA ne brvN| tInoM sAhitya ke prabala stambha the| mIrA, sUra aura tulasI ke pada gAne ke hI lie the| aneka sAhityakAra aura kavi svayaM gItakAra bhI the, gAyaka bhI / khusarU, mIrA aura tAnasena, husenazAha zarkI, rUpamatI aura bAjabahAdura isI paramparA ke the| aura jaise uttara meM huA vaise hI dakSiNa meM bhI huaa| vizeSakara vaiSNava bhaktoM ne to apane padoM ke saMgIta se dakSiNa kA vAyumaMDala bhara diyaa| lavAroM ne dakSiNa meM vahI kiyA jo uttara meM bhakta padakAroM ne kiyaa| sAhitya aura saMgIta eka prANa do kAyA hue| DaoN. bhagavatazaraNa adhyAya, bhAratIya kalA aura saMskRti kI bhUmikA, 150-152 se sAbhAra 1. saMgItasamayasAra, 6. 104-105. 2. vahI, 6.101-104. 3. vahI, 6. 116-117. 120 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha