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________________ gItikA botharA samyak cAritra samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ke anusAra yathArtharUpa se ahiMsA, satya Adi sadAcAroM kA pAlana karanA hI samyakcAritra hai| isake do bheda haiN| (1) dezavirati aura (2) sarvavirati / 1. dezavirati --- deza -aMza, virati-tyAga arthAt hiMsAdi pApoM kA AMzika tyAga karanA tathA vratoM kA maryAdita pAlana karanA dezavirati cAritra dharma kahalAtA hai| samyagdarzana prApta karane ke bAda jIva ko saMsAra, AraMbha, parigraha, viSaya- vicAra ityAdi jahara jaise lagate haiN| vaha jIva pratidina vicAra karatA hai ki "kaba vaha isa pApa bhare saMsAra kA tyAga kara, muni banakara darzana, jJAna, cAritra kI ArAdhanA karegA ? yadyapi vaha ekadama saMsAra kA parityAga karade, yaha sambhava nahIM hotA tathApi vicAra hI calatA rahatA hai aura jabataka sarvataH pApoM kA tyAgakara sAdhu- - jIvana na apanA le tabataka vaha jIva zakya pApa tyAga rUpa dezavirati zrAvaka dharma kA avazya pAlana karatA hai| isameM samyaktvavrata pUrvaka sthUlarUpa se hiMsAdi kA tyAga tathA sAmAyikAdi dharma-sAdhanA karane kI pratijJA kI jAtI hai| " " mArgAnusArI jIvana jaise 'dezavirati' ityAdi AcAradharmoM kI prApti ke lie samyagdarzana kA honA Avazyaka hai, vaise samyagdarzana se pUrva 'mArgAnusArI jIvana' Avazyaka hai| samyag darzana- jJAna- cAritra, mokSa mArga hai usake prati anusaraNa karAne vAlA' usake lie yogya banAne vAlA jIvana mArgAnusArI jIvana hai jaise mahala ke lie zikSA - eka yazasvI dazaka majabUta nIMva kI AvazyakatA hai, vaise dhArmika vikAsa krama ke lie mArgAnusArI jIvana pUrva bhUmikA hai| ataH yahA~ deza virati-dharma kI carcA karane se pahile mArgAnusArI jIvana ke bAre meM batAyA jAtA hai| zAstra meM mArgAnusArI jIvana ke 35 guNa batAye haiN| ina 35 guNoM ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai| (1) 11 karttavya (2) 8 doSa (3) 8 guNa (4) 8 sAdhanA 11 karttavya : (1) nyAya - sampatra - vibhava gRhastha jIvana kA nirvAha karane ke liye dhana kamAnA Avazyaka hai| kintu nyAya-nIti se dhana kA upArjana karanA yaha mArgAnusArI-jIvana kA prathama kartavya hai / (2) Ayocita - vyaya - Aya ke anusAra hI kharca karanA / tathA dharma ko bhUlakara anucita kharca na karanA yaha 'ucita kharca' nAmaka dUsarA kartavya hai| (3) ucita - veza - apanI mAna maryAdA ke anurUpa ucita vezabhUSA rakhanA atyadhika tar3akIle bhaDakIle, aMgoM kA pradarzana ho tathA dekhanevAloM ko mor3a va kSobha paidA ho aise vastroM ko kabhI bhI nahIM phinnaa| (4) ucita - makAna -- jo makAna bahuta dvAravAlA na ho, jyAdA U~cA na ho tathA ekadama khulA bhI na ho aise makAna ucita makAna haiN| cora DAkuoM kA bhaya na ho| par3osI acche hoM, aise makAna meM rahanA caahie| (5) ucita - vivAha -- gRhastha jIvana ke nirvAha ke liye yadi zAdI karanA par3e to bhinna gotrIya kintu kucha aura zIla meM samAna tathA samAna AcAravAle ke sAtha kreN| isase jIvana meM sukha-zAnti rahatI hai| pati-patnI ke bIca matabheda nahIM hotaa| (6) ajINe bhojana tyAga - jabataka pahile khAyA huA bhojana na pace tabataka bhojana kreN| (7) ucita bhojana -- nizcita samaya para bhojana kreN| prakRti ke 'anukUla hI khaayeN| nizcita samaya para bhojana karane se bhojana accI taraha pacatA hai, prakRti se viparIta bhojana karane se tabiyata bigar3a jAtI hai| bhojana meM bhakSya - abhakSya kA bhI viveka kreN| tAmasI, vikArotpAdaka evaM uttejaka padArthoM kA sarvathA tyAga kreN| (8) mAtA-pitA kI pUjA - mAtA-pitA kI sevA bhakti kreN| unake khAne ke bAda khAyeM, sone ke bAda soyeM unakI AjJA kA premapUrvaka pAlana kreN| (9) poSya - pAlaka poSaNa karane yogya svajana- parijana, dAsIdAsa ityAdi kA yathAzakti pAlana kreN| vidvata khaNDa/ 125
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________________ (10) atithi-pUjaka-gurujana, svadharmI, dIna evaM dukhiyoM kI (2) lajjA-akArya karate hue lajjA kA anubhava ho| yathAyogya sevA krnaa| isase akArya karate hue vyakti ruka jAte haiN| bhaviSya meM sarvathA (11) jJAnI-cAritrI kI sevA-jo jJAnavAna, cAritrI, akArya kA parityAga ho jAtA hai| tapasvI, zIlavAn evaM sadAcArI hoM, usakI sevA bhakti kre| (3) saumyatA-AkRti saumya-zAnta ho, vANI madhura evaM 8 doSoM kA tyAga : zItala ho, hRdaya pavitra ho| jo vyakti aisA hotA hai, vaha sabakA (1) nindA tyAga--kisI kI bhI nindA na kreN| nindA mahAn sneha, sadbhAva evaM sahAnubhUti pAtA hai| doSa hai| isase hRdaya meM dveSa-IrSyA bar3hatI hai| premabhaMga hotA hai| nIca (4) lokapriyatA-apane zIla, sadAcAra Adi guNoM ke dvArA gotra karma baMdhatA hai| lokoM kA prema saMpAdana karanA caahiye| kyoMki lokapriya dharmAtmA (2) nindya pravRtti kA tyAga-mana, vacana yA kAyA se aisI dUsaroM ko dharma ke prati niSThAvAna aura AsthAvAlA banA sakatA hai| dUsarA kA koI pravRtti na kareM jo dharma-viruddha ho| anyathA nindA hotI hai, (5) dIrghadarzI-kisI bhI kArya ko karane se pahile, usake pApabaMdha hotA hai| pariNAma para acchI taraha vicAra karanevAlA ho, jisase bAda meM dukhI (3) indriya-nigraha-ayogya viSaya kI ora dauDatI huI na honA pdd'e| indriyoM ko kAbU meM rkhnaa| indriyoM kI gulAmI meM na pdd'naa| (6) balAbala kI vicAraNA-kArya cAhe kitanA bhI acchA ho (4) Antara-zatru para vijaya--kAma, krodha, mada, lobha, mAna kintu usake karane se pUrva soceM ki usa kArya ko pUrNa karane kI evaM unmAda ye cha: Antara zatru haiN| ina zatruoM para vijaya prApta mere meM kSamatA hai yA nhiiN| apanI kSamatA kA vicAra kiye bagaira kArya prArambha kara dene meM nukasAna hai| eka to kArya ko bIca meM chor3a denA karanA caahie| anyathA vyAvahArika-jIvana meM nukasAna hotA hai aura AdhyAtmika jIvana meM pApabaMdha hotA hai| par3atA hai, dUsarA lokoM meM ha~sI hotI hai| (5) abhiniveza tyAga-mana meM kisI bhI bAta kA kadAgraha (7) vizeSajJatA-sAra-asAra, kArya-akArya, vAcya-avAcya, lAbha-hAni Adi kA viveka karanA, tathA naye-naye AtmahitakArI jJAna nahIM rakhanA cAhiye, anyathA apakIrti hotI hai| satya se vaMcita rahanA prApta krnaa| saba dRSTiyoM se bhalI prakAra jAna lenA vizeSajJatA hai| par3atA hai| (8) guNapakSapAta-hamezA guNa kA hI pakSapAtI honaa| cAhe (6) trivarga meM bAdhA kA tyAga-dharma, artha, kAma meM paraspara phira ve guNa svayaM meM hoM yA dUsaroM meM hoN| bAdhA pahu~ce, aisA kucha bhI nahIM kreN| ucita rIti se tInoM puruSArthoM 8. sAdhanA :ko abAdhita sAdhanA karanevAlA hI sukha zAnti prApta kara sakatA hai| (1) kRtajJatA--kisI kA jarA bhI upakAra ho to use kadApi (7) upadravayukta sthAna kA tyAga--jisa sthAna meM vidroha paidA nahIM bhUlanA caahiye| usake upakAroM kA smaraNa karate hue yathAzakti huA ho athavA mahAmArI, plega ityAdi upadrava ho gayA ho, aise sthAna usakA badalA cukAne ko tatpara rahanA caahiye| kA tyAga kara denaa| (2) paropakAra-yathAzakya dUsaroM kA upakAra kreN| (8) ayogya-deza-kAla caryA tyAga-jaise dharma viruddha pravRtti (3) dayA-hRdaya ko komala rakhate hue, jahA~ taka ho sake, kA tyAga Avazyaka hai, vaise hI vyavahAra zuddhi evaM bhaviSya meM pApa tana-mana-dhana se dUsaroM para dayA karate rahanA caahiye| se bacane ke liye deza, kAla tathA samAja se viruddha pravRtti kA tyAga (4) satsaMga-saMgamAtra dukha ko bar3hAnevAlA hai| kahA hai bhI Avazyaka hai| jaise eka sajjana vyakti kA vezyA yA badamAzoM "saMyogamUlA jIveNa pattA dukkha prNpraa"| kintu sajjana puruSoM kA, ke muhalle se bAra-bAra AnA jaanaa| AdhI rAta taka ghUmanA-phiranA santoM kA saMga bhavadukha ko dUra karane vAlA evaM sanmArga preraka hotA svayaM badamAza na hote hue bhI badamAzoM kI saMgati karanA ityAdi deza hai, ata: hamezA satpuruSoM kA satsaMga karanA caahiye| kAla evaM samAja ke viruddha hai, ata: aisA nahIM karanA caahiye| (5) dharmazravaNa-niyamita rUpa se dharmazravaNa karanA caahiye| anyathA kalaMka ityAdi kI sambhAvanA hai| jisase jIvana meM prakAza aura preraNA milatI rhe| isase jIvana 8. guNoM kA Adara : sudhArane kA avasara milatA hai| (1) pApa bhaya-"mere se pApa na ho jAya" hamezA yaha bhaya (6) buddhi ke ATha guNa-dharma zravaNa karane meM, vyavahAra meM banA rhe| pApa kA prasaMga upasthita ho to-"hAya, merA kyA hogA?" tathA kisI ke iMgita. AkAra evaM ceSTAoM ko samajhane meM buddhi ke yaha vicAra aaye| aisI pApabhIrUtA AtmotthAna kA prathama pAyA hai| ATha gaNa honA ati Avazyaka hai| vidvata khaNDa/126 zikSA-eka yazasvI dazaka
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________________ zuzrUSA zraghaNaM caiva, grahaNaM dhAraNaM tathA / UhApoho'rthavijJAnaM, tattvajJAnaM ca dhIguNAH / / (ka) zuzrUSA-zravaNa karane kI icchA honA zuzrUSA hai| icchA ke binA sunane meM koI rasa nahIM aataa| (kha) zravaNa-zuzrUSApUrvaka zravaNa krnaa| isase sunate samaya mana idhara-udhara nahIM daur3atA hai| ekAgratA AtI hai| (ga) grahaNa-sunate hue usake artha ko barAbara samajhate jaanaa| (gha) dhAraNa-samajhe hue ko mana meM barAbara yAda rkhnaa| (Ga) Uha-sunI huI bAta para anukUla tarka dRSTAMta dvArA vicAra krnaa| (ca) apoha-sunI huI bAta kA pratikUla-toM dvArA parIkSaNa karanA ki yaha bAta kahA~ taka satya hai? (cha) arthavijJAna-anukUla pratikUla tarkoM se jaba yaha nizcaya ho jAya ki bAta satya hai yA asatya hai? yaha artha vijJAna hai| (ja) tattvajJAna-jaba padArtha kA nirNaya ho jAya taba usake AdhAra para siddhAnta nirNaya, tAtparya nirNaya, tattva nirNaya ityAdi karanA tattva jJAna hai| (7) prasiddha-dezAcAra kA pAlana-jisa deza meM rahate ho, vahA~ ke (dharma se aviruddha) prasiddha AcAroM kA avazya pAlana kreN| socane kI bAta (8) ziSTAcAra-prazaMsA-hamezA ziSTapuruSoM ke AcAra kA aba ina do meMDhakoM kI bhI suna lIjie jo kisI dugdhazAlA prazaMsaka rheN| ziSTapuruSoM kA AcAra 1-loka meM nindA ho, aisA ma jA le| kArya kabhI na krnaa| 2-dIna dukhiyoM kI sahAyatA krnaa| 3-jahA~ bahuta dera taka bAhara nikalane ke lie vyartha hI hAtha paira mArane taka ho sake kisI kI ucita prArthanA bhaMga na krnaa| 4-nindaatyaag| ke bAda unameM se eka TarrAyA, "acchA ho, hAtha pA~va mAranA bhI chor3a 5-gunn-prshNsaa| 6-Apatti meM dhairy| 7-saMpatti meM nmrtaa| deN| aba to hama gae hI smjho|" 8-avasarocitta kaary| 9-hit-mit-vcn| 10-styprtijny| 11-Ayocita vyy| 12-satkArya kA aagrh| 13-akArya kA dUsare ne kahA, "pA~va calAte raho, hama kisI na kisI taraha tyaag| 14-bahunidrA, viSaya kaSAya, vikathAdi pramAdoM kA tyaag| __ isa jhaMjhaTa se nikala hI jaaeNge|" 15-aucitya Adi ziSToM ke AcAra haiN| hamezA inakI prazaMsA "koI phAyadA nahIM," pahalA bolaa| "yaha itanA gAr3hA hai ki karanA, tAki hamAre jIvana meM bhI ye A jaayeN| hama taira nahIM skte| itanA patalA bhI hai ki hama isa para se chalAMga ___ isa prakAra dhArmika jIvana ke prArambha meM mArgAnasAritA ke 35 nahIM lagA skte| itanA cikanA hai ki reMga kara nikala nahIM skte| guNoM se jIvana otaprota honA Avazyaka hai| kyoMki hamArA lakSya hameM dera sabera hara sUrata meM maranA hI hai, to kyoM na Aja kI hI rAta zrAvakadharma kA pAlana karate hue saMsAra tyAga kara sAdhu jIvana jIne shii|'' aura vaha nAMda kI peMdI meM DUba kara mara gyaa| kA hai, vaha ina guNoM ke abhAva meM prApta nahIM ho sktaa| ina guNoM lekina usakA dosta pA~va calAtA rahA, calAtA rahA, calAtA ke abhAva meM yadi vyakti kisI taraha usa ora bar3ha bhI jAya to rhaa| aura subaha hote na hote vaha makkhana ke eka lode para baiThA huA bhI vahA~ se punaH usake patana kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| mArgAnusArI guNoM thA jise usane apane Apa matha kara nikAlA thaa| aba vaha zAna se kA itanA mahatva hote huye bhI koI jarurI nahIM hai ki ina guNoM vAle baiThA cAroM tarapha se TUTa kara par3a rahI makkhiyoM ko khA rahA thaa| vyakti meM samyagdarzana ho hii| kintu ina guNoM kI vidyamAnatA meM dazana hA ho| kintu ina guNoM ko vidyamAnatA meM vAstava meM usa nanheM meMDhaka ne vaha bAta jAna lI thI jise vyakti samyagdarzana ko pAne yogya bhUmikA para avazya A jAtA hai| adhikAMza loga nalATAja kA jAte hai. agara Apa kisI kAma ina guNoM se dhArmika jIvana zobhanIya ho uThatA hai| meM niraMtara juTe raheM, to vijayazrI Apake hAtha avazya lgegii| 16, bonaphilDa lena, kolakAtA-1 zikSA-eka yazasvI dazaka vidvata khaNDa/127