Sabhashya Tattvarthadhigama Sutra me Pratyaksha Praman

Author(s): Shreeprakash Pandey
Publisher: Z_Nirgrantha_1_022701.pdf and Nirgrantha_2_022702.pdf and Nirgrantha_3_022703.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229100/1

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sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra meM 'pratyakSa pramANa' zrIprakAza pANDeya tattvArthAdhigamasUtra kA bhASya vAcaka umAsvAti (I. san 365-400) dvArA racita svopajJa kRti hai / yaha jaina Agamika-dArzanika sAhitya kA eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa grantha hai / pUre jaina vAGmaya meM yadi koI eka grantha cunanA ho jo jainadarzana ke lagabhaga pratyeka AyAmoM para prakAza DAlatA ho to vaha vAcaka umAsvAti racita tattvArthAdhigamasUtra hI hai, jise jaina vAGmaya kA prathama saMskRta grantha hone kA gaurava bhI prApta hai / sUtrazailI meM nibaddha dazAdhyAyAtmaka isa ladhukAya grantha meM AcArya umAsvAti ne tattva sambaddha samasta jaina tattvajJAna ko saMkSepa meM gAgara meM sAgara kI taraha bhara diyA hai jo unakI asAdhAraNa prajJA, kSamatA evaM unake vizAla jJAnabhaMDAra kA paricAyaka hai / jaina paramparA ke sabhI sampradAyoM meM isa grantha ko samAnarUpa se mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai / zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM sampradAyoM ke AcAryoM ne isa grantha para, vRtti evaM TIkAe~ likhI tathA sUtroM kA avalambana lekara apane-apane abhISTa matapradarzaka siddhAMta pratiphalita kie / paraMtu isa sabake bAvajUda eka vastu nirvivAda rahI hai : vaha hai grantha kI upAdeyatA ! tattvArthAdhigamasUtra kA saMkalana Agamika dRSTi se jitanA adhika sundara aura AkarSaka huA hai usake racayitA ke viSaya meM utane hI adhika vivAda haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja bhI isa grantha ke racayitA umAsvAti haiM yA gRdhrapiccha isako lekara vivAda kAyama hai / usI prakAra tattvArthAdhigamasUtrabhASya kI racanA ko lekara bhI vivAda ke bAdala pUrvavat chAye hue haiM / / tattvArthAdhigamasUtra aura usake bhASya ke kartA ke rUpa meM umAsvAti kA nAma sAmAnyatayA zvetAmbara paraMparA meM sarvamAnya hai | kintu paM0 phUlacaMdajI 'siddhAMtazAstrI' prabhRti digambara vidvAnoM ne tattvArthasUtra ke kartA ke rUpa meM umAsvAti ke sthAna para gRdhrapicchAcArya ko svIkAra kiyA hai / unake zabdoM meM "vAcaka umAsvAti ne tattvArthAdhigama zAstra kI racanA kI thI kintu yaha nAma tattvArthasUtra kA na ho kara tattvArthabhASya kA hai" / isa sandarbha meM unhoMne SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalATIkA meM vIrasena (9vIM zatI uttarArdha) dvArA uddhRta tattvArtha ke eka sUtra, 'tahagiddhapichAiriyAppayAsida taccatthasuttevi vartanA pariNAmakriyAH paratvA paratve ca kAlasya, vidyAnanda (20vIM zatI pUrvArdha) dvArA unake tattvArthazlokavArtika' meM 'etena gRddhapicchAcAryaparyanta munisUtreNa vyabhicAratA nirastA' ke AdhAra para tattvArtha ke kartA ke rUpa meM gRdhrapiccha kA ullekha evaM vAdirAjasUri dvArA pArzvanAthacarita meM 'gRdhrapiccha nato'smi' isa taraha kie gae ina tIna ullekhoM ko apanA AdhAra banAyA hai / inameM eka pramANa navIM zatI ke uttarArdha, eka dazavIM zatI ke pUrvArdha kA evaM eka pramANa gyArahavIM zatI kA hai / paraMtu jahA~ digambara paramparA meM tattvArtha ke kartA ke rUpa meM 9vIM zatI ke uttarArdha se gRdhrapicchAcArya ke aura 12vIM zatI se 'gRdhrapiccha umAsvAti' aise ullekha milate haiM vahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA meM tattvArthabhASya (cauthI zatI) tathA siddhasenagaNi (8vIM zatI) aura haribhadra (8vIM zatI) kI prAcIna TIkAoM meM bhI usake kartA ke rUpa meM umAsvAti kA spaSTa nirdeza pAyA jAtA hai| yahI nahIM, unake vAcaka vaMza aura uccairnAgara zAkhA kA bhI ullekha hai, jise zvetAmbara paramparA apanA mAnatI hai / tattvArthasUtra ke kartA umAsvAti hI haiM aura gRdhrapiccha unakA vizeSaNa hai isa bAta ko digambara vidvAn paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai / paM0 nAthUrAma premI jaise taTastha vidvAnoM ne bhI tattvArthabhASya ko svopajJa mAnakara usake kartA ke rUpa meM umAsvAti ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai / paM0 phUlacaMda siddhAntazAstrI ne sambhavata: isa bhaya ke kAraNa ki tattvArtha ke kartA umAsvAti ko svIkAra karane para kahIM bhASya ko bhI svopajJa na mAnanA par3e, usake kartA ke rUpa meM gRdhrapicchAcArya kA ullekha kiyA hai / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki tattvArthAdhigamasUtrabhASya vAcaka umAsvAti dvArA

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252 racita prastuta zAstra para unhIM kI svopajJa kRti hai / cUMki hamArA mukhya vivecya grantha kA kartA aura usakA samaya nahIM hai isaliye hama ina vivAdoM meM na par3akara apane mUlavivecya tattvArthAdhigamasUtrabhASya ke anusAra pratyakSa pramANa kA vivecana kareMge / sabhASyatattvArthAdhinamasUtra..... I dArzanika cintanadhArA meM pramANa ko eka atyanta vicAragardhya viSaya mAnA gayA hai / isIlie sabhI dArzanika nikAyoM meM pramANa ko lekara vistRta vicAra huA hai| 'pramIyate'neneti pramANam" jisake dvArA pramA ( ajJAnanivRtti) ho vaha pramANa hai / 'pramANa' zabda kI isa vyutpatti ke anusAra hI nyAyadarzana ke bhASyakAra vAtsyAyana ne 'jJAnopalabdhi ke sAdhanoM ko pramANa kahA hai| isakI vyAkhyA karanevAloM meM matabheda hai| nyAyavArtikakAra udyotakara artha kI upalabdhi meM sannikarSa ko sAdhakatama mAnakara use hI pramANa mAnate haiN| unake anusAra artha kA jJAna karAne meM sabase adhika sAdhaka sannikarSa hai kyoMki cakSu kA paTa ke sAtha saMyoga hone para hI ghaTa kA jJAna hotA hai, jisa artha kA indriya ke sAtha sannikarSa nahIM hotA, usakA jJAna nahIM hotA / naiyAyika saMyoga, saMyuktasamavAya, saMyuktasamavetasamavAya, samavAya, samavetasamavAya aura vizeSaNavizeSyabhAva ina chaH prakAra ke sannikarSoM ke AdhAra para pramANa kI vyAkhyA karate haiM / isake atirikta naiyAyika kAraka- sAkalya ko bhI pramA kA kAraNa mAnate haiM / jo sAdhakatama hotA hai vaha karaNa hai aura artha kA vyabhicAra rahita jJAna karAne meM jo karaNa hai, vaha pramANa hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki jJAna kisI eka kAraka se nahIM hotA apitu samagra kArakoM ke hone para niyama se hotA hai| isaliye kAraka-sAkalya hI jJAna kI utpatti meM karaNa hai ataH vahI pramANa hai ! sAMkhya artha kI pramiti meM indriya-vRtti ko sAdhakatama mAnate hue use hI pramANa mAnatA hai| indriyA~ jaba viSaya kA AkAra pariNamana karatI haiM tabhI ve apane pratiniyata zabda Adi kA jJAna karAtI haiN| indriyoM kI viSayAkAra pariNIta vRtti hI pramANa hai / mImAMsaka jJAtRvyApAra ko pramANa mAnate haiM-tatra vyApArAcca pramANatA * / unakA mAnanA hai ki jJAtRvyApAra ke binA padArtha kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA / kAraka tabhI kAraka kahA jAtA hai, jaba usameM kriyA hotI hai| isalie kriyA se yukta dravya ko kAraka kahA gayA hai, jaise rasoI pakAne ke lie cAvala, pAnI, Aga Adi aneka kAraka jo pahale se taiyAra hote haiM, unake mela se rasoI taiyAra hotI hai, usI prakAra AtmA, mana, indriya aura padArtha ina cAroM kA mela hone para jJAtA kA vyApAra hotA hai jo padArtha ke jJAna meM sAdhakatama kAraNa hai / ataH jJAtRvyApAra hI pramANa hai / Nirgrantha bauddha pramANa ko ajJAta artha yA anadhigata viSaya kA jJApaka athavA prakAzaka mAnate haiN| bauddhoM ke anusAra pramANa kA lakSaNa hai- 'arthasArUpya' arthasArUpyamasya pramANam (nyAyabindu - 1.20 ) / ve mAnate haiM ki artha ke sAtha jJAna kA jo sAdRzya hotA hai, vahI pramANa hai / unake sArUpya lakSaNa pramANa kA tAtparya hai ki buddhi pramANa hai, indriyA~ nahIM, kyoMki heya yA upAdeya vastu ke tyAga yA grahaNa karane kA atizaya sAdhana jJAna hI hai ataH vahI pramANa hai isa prakAra bauddha jJAna ko pramANa mAnate haiM kintu unake anusAra jJAna ke do bheda haiM nirvikalpaka aura savikalpaka bauddha mata meM pratyakSarUpa jJAna nirvikalpaka hotA hai aura anumAnarUpa jJAna savikalpaka ye do hI pramANa bauddha mAnate haiM kyoMki unake anusAra viSaya bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai (1) svalakSaNarUpa evaM (2) sAmAnyalakSaNarUpa / svalakSaNa kA artha hai vastu kA svarUpa jo zabda Adi ke binA hI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / sAmAnyalakSaNa kA artha hai aneka vastuoM ke sAtha gRhIta vastu kA sAmAnya rUpa jisameM zabda kA prayoga hotA hai / svalakSaNa, pratyakSa kA viSaya hai aura sAmAnyalakSaNa anumAna kA / jo kalpanA se rahita abhrAnta kiMvA nirbhrAnta jJAna hotA hai, use bauddha darzana meM pratyakSa kahA gayA hai / I * lekhaka ne granthAdhAra nahIM diyA hai / (saMpAdaka) -- -

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Vol. II- 1997-2002 zrIprakAza pANDeya 253 jaina dArzanikoM ne pramANa ke sambandha meM ukta matoM ko asvIkAra kiyA hai / jainoM ke anusAra naiyAyikoM dvArA mAnya sannikarSAdi ko pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki ukta sannikarSAdi (jar3a) ajJAnarUpa haiM aura ajJAna se ajJAnanivRtti rUpa pramA sambhava nahIM hai / ajJAna nivRtti meM ajJAna kA virodhI jJAna hI kAraNa ho sakatA hai jisa prakAra aMdhakAra kI nivRtti meM aMdhakAra kA virodhI prakAza / indriya sannikarSAdi jJAna kI utpati meM sAkSAt kAraNa ho sakate haiM para pramA meM sAdhakatama to jJAna hI ho sakatA hai / dUsare, jisake hone para jJAna ho aura nahIM hone para na ho, vaha usameM sAdhakatama mAnA jAtA hai, jabaki sannikarSa meM aisI bAta nahIM hai / kahIM-kahIM sannikarSa ke hone para bhI jJAna nahIM hotA, jaise ghaTa kI taraha AkAza Adi ke sAtha bhI cakSu kA saMyoga rahatA hai phira bhI AkAza kA jJAna nahIM hotA / eka jJAna hI hai jo binA kisI vyavadhAna ke apane viSaya kA bodha karAtA hai| ataH vahI pramiti meM sAdhakatama hai aura isa liye vahI pramANa hai, sannikarSAdi nahIM / tIsare, yadi sannikarSAdi ko pramANa mAnA jAya to sUkSma vyavahita aura viprakRSTa padArthoM ke sAtha indriyoM kA sambandha na hone se unake dvArA una padArthoM kA jJAna asambhava hai; phalataH sarvajJatA kA abhAva ho jAyegA / isake atirikta indriyA~ alpa-kevala sthUla, vartamAna aura Asanna viSayaka haiM aura jJeya sUkSma aparimiti hai / aisI sthiti meM indriyoM aura sannikarSa se samasta jJeyoM kA jJAna kabhI nahIM ho sakatA / cakSu aura mana ye donoM aprApyakArI hone ke kAraNa sabhI indriyoM kA padArthoM ke sAtha sannikarSa bhI saMbhava nahIM / cakSu spRSTa kA grahaNa na karane aura yogya dUra sthita aspaSTa kA grahaNa karane se aprApyakArI hai / yadi cakSu prApyakArI ho to use svayaM meM lage aMjana ko bhI dekha lenA cAhie" / ataH sannikarSa aura indriyAdi pramANa nahIM ho sakate / usI prakAra kAraka-sAkalya ko bhI pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / kAraka-sAkalya ko pramANa mAnane para prazna uThatA hai ki kAraka-sAkalya mukhya rUpa se pramANa hai yA upacAra se / vaha mukhya rUpa se pramANa nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki kAraka-sAkalya ajJAna rUpa hai aura jo ajJAna rUpa hai vaha sva aura para kI pramiti meM mukhya rUpeNa sAdhakatama nahIM ho sakatA / pramiti meM mukhya sAdhakatama to ajJAna kA virodhI jJAna hI ho sakatA hai / kyoMki jJAna aura pramiti ke bIca meM kisI dUsare kA vyavadhAna nahIM hai / jJAna ke hote hI padArtha kI pramiti ho jAtI hai / kintu kAraka-sAkalya meM yaha bAta nahIM hai / kAraka-sAkalya jJAna ko utpanna karatA hai, taba padArtha kI pramiti yA jAnakArI hotI hai / ataH kAraka-sAkalya aura pramiti ke bIca meM jJAna kA vyavadhAna hone se kAraka-sAkalya ko mukhya rUpa se pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / sAMkhyoM ke indriyavRtti ko bhI pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki indriyavRtti acetana hai aura jo acetana hai vaha padArtha ke jJAna meM sAdhakatama nahIM ho sakatA / indriyavRtti kyA hai ? indriyoM kA padArtha ke pAsa jAnA, padArtha kI ora abhimukha honA athavA padArthoM ke AkAra kA ho jAnA / prathama pakSa ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki indriyA~ padArtha ke pAsa nahIM jAtIM anyathA dUra se hI kisI padArtha ke jJAna kI upapatti nahIM ho pAyegI | dUsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki indriyoM kA padArtha kI ora abhimukha honA jJAna kI utpatti meM kAraNa hone se upacAra se pramANa ho sakatA hai, vAstava meM to pramANa jJAna hI hai / tIsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki indriyoM kA padArtha ke AkAra kA honA pratIti viruddha hai / jaise darpaNa padArtha ke AkAra ko apane meM dhAraNa karatA hai vaise zrotra Adi indriyA~ padArtha ke AkAra ko dhAraNa karate nahIM dekhI jAtIM / phira bhI yadi indriyavRtti hotI hai, aisA mAna bhI liyA jAya to prazna uThatA hai ki vRtti indriya se bhinna hai yA abhinna / yadi abhinna hai to use indriya hI kahA jAnA cAhie kyoMki taba indriya aura unakI vRtti eka hI huI / paraMtu nidrAvasthA meM yadi indriya aura usake vyApAra yA vRtti kI abhinnatA mAnI jAya to supta aura jAgrat avasthA meM koI antara nahIM rahegA / yadi vRtti ko indriya se bhinna mAneM to indriya vRtti kI hI upapatti nahIM ho pAtI to phira use pramANa kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai| bauddhoM ke nirvikalpaka jJAna ko bhI pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki nirvikalpaka jJAna ko pramANa mAnane para vikalpa ke AdhAra para liye jAne vAle loka-vyavahAra Adi saMbhava nahIM ho sakeMge / yadi bauddha yaha kaheM ki

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254 sabhAdhyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra.... Nirgrantha nirvikalpaka jJAna meM savikalpaka jJAna utpanna karane kI zakti hai ataH vaha pravartaka hai aura pravartaka hone se pramANa hai, to prazna uThatA hai ki jo svayaM nirvikalpaka hai vaha vikalpa ko kaise utpanna kara sakatA hai; kyoMki nirvikalpaka hone aura vikalpa utpanna karane kI sAmarthya kA paraspara virodha hai| 1 yadi kahA jAye ki vikalpa vAsanA kI apekSA lekara nirvikalpaka pratyakSa vikalpaka ko utpanna kara sakatA hai to vikalpavAsanA sApekSa artha hI vikalpa ko utpanna kara degA, donoM ke bIca meM eka nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai aura yadi nirvikalpaka, vikalpa ko utpanna nahIM karatA to bauddhoM kA yaha kathana ki "yatraiva janayedenAM tatraivAsya pramANatA" arthAt 'jisa viSaya meM nirvikalpaka pratyakSa savikalpaka buddhi ko utpanna kara sakatA hai, usI viSaya meM vaha pramANa hai' unakI hI mAnyatA ke virodha meM AtA hai / phira bhI yadi savikalpaka buddhi ko utpanna karane para hI nirvikalpaka kA prAmANya abhISTa hai to savikalpaka ko hI bauddha pramANa kyoM nahIM mAna lete kyoMki vaha avisaMvAdaka hai, artha kI prApti meM sAdhakatama hai aura anizcita artha kA nizcayAtmaka bhI hai / ataH nirvikalpaka jJAna ko bhI sannikarSa kI taraha pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA5 / usI prakAra mImAMsakoM ke jJAtRvyApAra ko bhI pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / kyoMki jJAtRvyApAra kI sattA pratyakSa, anumAnAdi kisI bhI pramANa se siddha nahIM ho sakatI / phira bhI yadi jJAtRvyApAra kA astitva mAneM to prazna uThatA hai ki vaha kArakoM se janya hai yA ajanya / ajanya to ho nahIM sakatA kyoMki vaha eka vyApAra hai / vyApAra to kArakoM se hI janya huA karatA hai / yadi janya hai to, vaha bhAvarUpa hai yA abhAvarUpa / abhAvarUpa ho nahIM sakatA kyoMki yadi abhAvarUpa jJAtavyApAra se bhI padArthoM kA bodha ho jAtA hai to usake liye kArakoM kI khoja karanA hI vyartha hai / puna: jJAtRrUpa vyApAra, jJAnarUpa hai yA ajJAnarUpa / yadi vaha jJAnarUpa hai to atyanta parokSa nahIM ho sakatA jaisA ki mImAMsaka mAnate haiM aura yadi jJAtRrUpa vyApAra ajJAnarUpa hai, to vaha ghaTa-paTa kI taraha pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| uparokta sabhI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna hetu jaina dArzanika jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnate haiM / 'pramIyate'staiiriti pramANAni' arthAt jisake dvArA padArthoM ko bhalI prakAra se jAnA jAya, vaha pramANa hai / isa vyutpatti ke AdhAra para AcArya umAsvAti ne samyagjJAna ko pramANa kahA hai / unhoMne mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala ina pA~ca jJAnoM ko samyak jJAna kahakara unheM spaSTatayA pramANa pratipAdita kiyA hai / umAsvAti ke paravartI AcArya samantabhadra (I. san 575-625) ne apane pramANa kI paribhASA meM umAsvAti kA hI AdhAra grahaNa karate hue tattvajJAna ko pramANa mAnA hai / pramANa ko unhoMne do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai - (1) yugapatsarvabhAsI (2) kramabhAsI jo syAvAda naya se susaMskRta hotA hai / yadi dhyAna diyA jAye to umAsvAti aura samantabhadra ke pramANa lakSaNoM meM zabdabheda ko chor3akara koI maulika arthabheda pratIta nahIM hotA kyoMki samyaktva aura tattva kA eka hI artha hai - satya-yathArtha / AcArya samantabhadra ne tattvajJAna ko anyatra 'svaparAvabhAsakaM yathA pramANaM bhuvibuddhi lakSaNam" kahakara svaparAvabhAsaka jJAna ke rUpa meM upanyasta kiyA hai / vastutaH svaparAvabhAsaka jJAna kA abhiprAya bhI samyagjJAna hI hai kyoMki jJAna kA sAmAnya dharma hI hai apane svarUpa ko jAnate hue parapadArtha ko jAnanA / samantabhadra kI isa paribhASA meM nyAyAvatArakartA (nyAyAvatAra ke kartA siddhasena divAkara nahIM haiM)8 ne 'bAdhavivarjita' pada jor3akara 'pramANaM svaparabhAsi jJAnaM bAdhavivarjitam" khaa| kintu 'bAdhavivarjita' pada vizeSaNa se jisa artha kI upapatti hotI hai usakA saMketa AcArya umAsvAti ne samyagjJAna meM prayukta 'samyak' zabda ke dvArA hI kara diyA thA / umAsvAti ke samyAjJAna pramANa kI uparokta paribhASA ko hI AdhAra mAnakara sarvArthasiddhikAra pUjyapAda , bhaTTa akalaMkara (7vIM zatI), vidyAnanda (vi. 10vIM zatI), mANikyanandI22 (vi. 10vIM zatI), hemacandra tathA anaMtavIrya Adi paravartI AcAryoM ne bhI apanI pramANa sambandhI paribhASAe~ diiN| + lekhaka ne mUla stotra kA jikra nahIM kiyA hai / (saMpAdaka)

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Vol. III - 1997-2002 zrIprakAza pANDeya 255 pramANa ke prakAra prAcIna kAla se hI pramANa ke pratyakSa aura parokSa ye do bheda nirvivAda rUpa se cale A rahe haiM / yadi hama pramANabheda kI carcA ko aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi meM dekheM to Agamika sAhitya meM sthAnAMga aura vyAkhyAprajJapti meM pratyakSa evaM parokSa ina do pramANoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jinameM ina do mukhya pramANoM ke antargata hI paMcajJAnoM kI yojanA kI gaI hai / paraMtu sAtha hI inameM cAra pramANoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai|5 / isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pramANoM ke ye do bheda ina donoM granthoM meM niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ke bAda hI dAkhila hue hoMge kyoMki Avazyakaniyukti, jo bhadrabAhukRta mAnI jAtI hai aura jisakA AraMbha hI jJAna carcA se hotA hai, usameM mati, zruta Adi vibhAga se jJAna carcA to hai paraMtu pratyakSAdi pramANabheda kI carcA kA sUcana taka nahIM hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki niyukti ke samaya taka jainAcArya jJAnacarcA karate to the paMcajJAna ke hI rUpa meM, kintu anya darzanoM meM pratiSThita pramANa carcA se pUrNataH anabhijJa bhI nahIM the / isakA pramANa hameM usI bhadrabAhukRta dazavaikAlikaniyukti 26 meM mila jAtA hai jisameM parArthAnumAna kI carcA kI gaI hai, yadyapi vaha avayavAMza meM anya darzanoM kI parArthAnumAna zailI se anokhI hai / sambhavataH sabase pahale anuyogadvAra meM nyAya sammata pratyakSa anumAnAdi cAra pramANoM ko dAkhila kiyA gyaa| isake pUrva to jainAcAryoM kI mukhyavicAra dizA pramANadvaya vibhAga kI ora hI rahI hai / isI paramparA ke anusAra AcArya umAsvAti ne tattvArthAdhigamasUtrabhASya8 meM pratyakSa evaM parokSa do pramANoM kI hI carcA kI hai aura pramANacatuSTaya vibhAga, jo mUlataH nyAyadarzana' kA hai, ko 'nayavAdAntareNa' kahakara pramANadvaya vibhAga ko hI jaina paramparA sammata mAnA hai / unhoMne ina do pramANoM meM hI darzanAntarIya anya pramANoM ko bhI antarbhUta mAnA hai / bhAratIya darzana ke anya dArzanika nikAyoM meM cArvAka eka mAtra pratyakSa ko hI pramANa mAnatA hai / bauddha aura vaizeSika pratyakSa aura anumAna ye do pramANa mAnate haiM / sAMkhyadarzana pratyakSa, anumAna aura zabda ina tIna pramANoM ko mAnatA hai / naiyAyika sAMkhya ke tIna bhedoM meM upamAna ko jor3akara cAra bheda svIkAra karate haiM / mImAMsakoM meM prabhAkarAnuyAyI cAra bhedoM meM arthApatti ko jor3akara pA~ca evaM kumArila bhaTTAnuyAyI aura vedAntI pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna, zabda, arthApatti aura anupalabdhi ke cha: pramANa mAnate haiM / paurANika loga 'sambhava' aura 'aitihya' ko milAkara ATha evaM tAMtrika isameM 'ceSTA' nAmaka eka pramANa jor3akara nau pramANoM ko svIkAra karate haiM / umAsvAti ne ina sAre pramANoM kA antarbhAva jaina darzana ke pratyakSa va parokSa ina do pramANoM meM hI mAnA hai / _parokSa :- AcArya umAsvAti ne mati, zruta, avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevala ina pA~ca jJAnoM meM 'AdyeparokSam'33 kahakara Adi ke matijJAna aura zrutajJAna ko parokSa pramANa mAnA hai / inako parokSa pramANa kyoM kahate haiM ? isake uttara meM unakA kahanA hai ki ye donoM hI jJAna nimitta kI apekSA rakhate haiM isalie ye parokSa haiM / parokSa jJAna meM indriya aura mana ina donoM ko nimitta mAnA gayA hai / / pratyakSa :- 'pratyakSa' zabda kI vyutpatti do zabdoM se milakara huI hai * prati + akSa = pratyakSa / 'akSa zabda kI vyutpatti 'az' dhAtu se hotI hai jisakA artha vyApta honA hai / isa prakAra "aznute vyApnoti viSayAn svavRttyA saMyogena vA akSa" pada prApta hotA hai jisakA artha hai jo jJAna rUpa se sabhI vastuoM meM vyApta yA vidyamAna hotA hai arthAt jIva / 'az' dhAtu se bhI 'akSa' zabda kI utpatti saMbhava hai / 'az' kA artha hai bhojana karanA / cUMki jIva sabhI padArthoM kA bhoktA hai isalie isa vyutpattilabhya artha ke anusAra bhI 'akSa' kA artha AtmA hI huA / 'akSa' zabda kA artha indriya bhI kiyA jAtA hai / nyAyadarzana meM pratyakSa kI jo paribhASA dI gayI hai, usameM prayukta 'akSa' zabda indriya artha kA hI dyotaka hai- "akSasyA'kSasya prativiSayaM vRttiH pratyakSama / " yahA~ 'akSa

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256 sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra.... Nirgrantha zabda kA artha indriya aura vRtti kA artha hai sannikarSa arthAt indriya kA artha ke sAtha sambandha hone para utpanna jJAna pratyakSa hai, aisA nyAyadarzana' kA mata hai / jaina paramparA 'akSa' zabda kA artha jIva yA AtmA karatI hai aura tadanusAra indriya nirapekSa aura kevala AtmaparokSa jJAna ko hI pratyakSa mAnatI hai aura indriyAzrita jJAna ko parokSa / kahIM-kahIM 'akSa' zabda kA indriya artha lekara bhI vyutpatti kA Azraya liyA gayA hai para vaha darzanAntara prasiddha paramparA tathA lokavyavahAra ke saMgraha kI dRSTi se / pUjyapAda 'akSa' zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhate haiM ki- "akSNoti vyApnoti jAnatItyakSa AtmA"37 / 'akSa', 'vyApa' aura 'jJA' ye dhAtue~ ekArthaka haiM, isalie akSa kA artha AtmA hotA hai aura "tamevaprAptavRkSayopazamaM prakSINAvaraNaM vA pratiniyataM vA pratyakSaM"38 arthAt kSayopazamavAle yA AvaraNa rahita kevala AtmA ke prati jo niyata hai yA jo jJAna bAhya indriyAdi kI apekSA na hokara kevala kSayopazamavAle yA AvaraNarahita AtmA se hotA hai, vaha pratyakSa jJAna kahalAtA hai 'akSaM pratiniyatimiti parApekSA nivRttiH' arthAt pratyakSa jJAna meM para kI apekSA nahIM hotii| AcArya umAsvAti ne isI AdhAra para AtmasApekSa aura indriyAdi kI apekSA ke binA honevAle jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA hai / tattvArthAdhigamasUtrabhASya meM unhoMne indriya aura mana ke nimitta se hone vAle jJAna ko parokSa kahA hai aura matijJAna aura kSutajJAna ko chor3akara avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala ko pratyakSa kahA hai9 / bAda ke sabhI jainAcAryoM ne umAsvAti kI isI paribhASA ko AdhAra banAkara pratyakSa aura parokSa pramANa kA vivecana kiyA hai / nyAyAvatArakartA ne aparokSa rUpa se grahaNa kiye jAne vAle jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA hai aparokSatayA'rthasya grAhakaM jJAnamIdRzam / pratyakSamitirajjJeyaM parokSaM grahaNekSayA / / parokSa kyA hai, 'asAkSAdartha grAhakaM jJAnaM parokSamiti' arthAt asAkSAt artha kA grAhaka parokSa hai evaM jo aparokSa arthAt sAkSAt artha kA grAhaka hai vaha pratyakSa hai / bhaTTa akalaMka ke anusAra "indriya aura mana kI apekSA ke binA jo vyabhicAra rahita sAkAra grahaNa hotA hai use pratyakSa kahate haiM indriyAnindriyApekSamatItavyabhicAraM sAkAra grahaNaM pratyakSa2 / " nyAyavinizcaya meM unhoMne 'pratyakSalakSaNaM' prAhuH spaSTa sAkAramaJjasA kahakara pratyakSa ko paribhASita kiyA hai arthAt jo jJAna spaSTa hai, vahI pratyakSa hai / isa paribhASA meM uparokta paribhASA meM Aye 'sAkAra' pada ke sAtha eka 'aJjasA' pada bhI AyA hai / sAkAra kA artha hai savikalpakajJAna kyoMki nirvikalpakajJAna ko jaina darzana meM pramANa nahIM mAnA gayA hai / 'aJjasA' pada pAramArthika dRSTi kA sUcaka hai / pratyakSa jJAna ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha paramArtha meM bhI vizada ho / vaizadya kA lakSaNa karate hue laghIyalaya meM unhoMne kahA hai ki / anumAnAvyatirekeNa vizeSapratibhAsanam / tadvaizadyaM mataM buddheravezadyamataH param / / arthAt anumAnAdi se adhika niyata deza, kAla aura AkAra rUpa se pracuratara vizeSoM ke pratibhAsana ko vaizadya kahate haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM jisa jJAna meM kisI anya jJAna kI sahAyatA apekSita na ho vaha jJAna vizada kahalAtA hai / anumAna meM liMgAdi kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai paraMtu pratyakSa meM kisI anyajJAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / avadheya hai ki bauddha dArzanika bhI vizada jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnate haiM paraMtu ve kevala nirvikalpaka jJAna ko hI pratyakSa kI sImA meM rakhate haiN| pratyakSa kI unakI paribhASA hai-'kalpanApoDham bhrAntaM pratyakSam' arthAt pratyakSa jJAna ko kalpanA svabhAva, aura kisI bhI prakAra ke viparyaya yA bhrAMti se rahita honA cAhie / jaina dArzanika paramparA

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Vol. III - 1997-2002 zrIprakAza pANDeya 257 ko bauddhoM kA ukta nirvikalpaka yA kalpanApoDha pratyakSa lakSaNa mAnya nahIM hai / bhaTTa akalaMka, vidyAnanda, prabhAcandra aura hemacandrAcArya tathA abhinavabhUSaNa ne bauddhoM ke ukta pratyakSa kA khaNDana kiyA hai / kalpanApoDha arthAt nirvikalpaka pratyakSa yadi sarvathA kalpanApoDha hai, to pramANa jJAna hai, pratyakSakalpanApoDha hai, ityAdi kalpanAyeM bhI usameM nahIM kI jA sakeMgI aura isa prakAra usake astitva Adi kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sakegI / usakA 'asti' isa prakAra se bhI sadbhAva siddha nahIM hogA evaM yadi usameM ina kalpanAoM kA sadbhAva mAnA jAtA hai to vaha svavacana vyAghAta hai / ata: jaina dArzanika savikalpaka jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnakara vizada jJAna ko pratyakSa kI koTi meM rakhate haiN| vizadatA aura nizcayatA vikalpa kA apanA dharma hai aura vaha jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama ke anusAra isameM pAyA jAtA hai / ata: jina vikalpajJAnoM kA viSayabhUta padArtha bAhya meM nahi milatA ve vikalpAbhAsa haiM, pratyakSa nahIM / mANikyanandI", vAdidevasUri, tathA hemacaMdra ne pratyakSa ko kramazaH nimnaprakAra se paribhASita kiyA hai / (ka) vizadaM pratyakSamiti (kha) spaSTaM pratyakSa (ga) vizadaH pratyakSaM mANikyanandI vizada kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM ki "pratItyannarAvyavadhAnena vizeSoktayA vA pratibhAsanaM vaizadyamiti" arthAt vaha jJAna jo anya jJAna ke vyavadhAna se rahita hotA hai tathA jo vizeSaNoM ke sAtha pratibhAsita hotA hai, use vaizadya kahate haiM / hemacaMdrAcArya ke anusAra jisakA pratibhAsana binA kisI anya pramANa ke hotA hai yA yaha 'idantayA' pratibhAsita hotA hai, use vaizadya kahate haiM 'pramANAntarAnapekSedantayA pratibhAso vA vaizadyam'50 pramANAntara kI apekSA nahIM hone kA kathana mANikyanandI evaM prabhAcandra kA anusaraNa pratIta hotA hai / kintu idantayA pratibhAsa pratyakSa meM hI hotA hai, anumAnAdi meM nahIM / ata: vizadatA kI yaha nayI vizeSatA kahI jA sakatI hai / prazna uThatA hai ki jaina darzana meM indriya-vyApAra se janita jJAna ko anya bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI bhA~ti pratyakSa evaM indriya-vyApAra se rahita jJAna ko parokSa kyoM nahIM kahA gayA ? pUjyapAda ne jaina jJAnamImAMsA ke AdhAra para isakA samAdhAna prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki jaina darzana meM sarvajJa AptapuruSa pratyakSa-jJAna dvArA samasta padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| yadi sarvajJa kA pratyakSa indriya ke nimitta se ho to sarvajJa samasta padArthoM ko pratyakSa pUrvaka nahIM jAna sakegA, kintu AptapuruSa sarvajJa hai tathA vaha samasta padArthoM kA pratikSaNa pratyakSa karatA hai| usakI yaha pratyakSatA tabhI siddha ho sakatI hai, jaba vaha mAtra AtmA dvArA samasta arthoM ko jAnatA ho. a / pUjyapAda ke samAdhAna ko akalaMka ne bhI puSTa kiyA hai|50 aba prazna uThatA hai ki indriyAdi ke binA AtmA ko bAhyArthoM kA pratyakSa kisa prakAra hotA hai ? akalaMka ne isakA samAdhAna prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki jisa prakAra ratha kA nirmAtA tapovizeSa ke prabhAva se RddhivizeSa prApta karake bAhya upakaraNAdi ke binA bhI ratha kA nirmANa karane meM sakSama hotA hai, usI prakAra AtmA bhI jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama vizeSa athavA pUrNakSaya se indriyAdi bAhya sAdhanoM ke binA hI bAhyArthoM ko jAnane meM sakSama hotA hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki pratyakSa pramANa kA mukhya lakSaNa 'AtmasApekSa evaM vizada yA spaSTa jJAna' hI jaina paramparA meM mAnya hai / pratyakSa ke prakAra : tattvArthAdhigama sUtra meM umAsvAti ne pratyakSa pramANa meM avadhi, mana:paryaya evaM kevala ina tIna jJAnoM kA hI samAveza kiyA hai aura inhIM kI vyAkhyA pratyakSa pramANa ke rUpa meM kI hai / 'akSa' zabda kA artha AtmA mAna lene

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258 sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra.... Nirgrantha para evaM tadanusAra kevala Atma sApekSa jJAna ko pratyakSa mAna lene para loka-vyavahAra meM pratyakSa rUpa se prasiddha indriyapratyakSa aura mAnasa pratyakSa kI samasyA ke samanvaya hetu umAsvAti ke uttaravartI AcAryoM ne pratyakSa ke sAMvyavahArikapratyakSa evaM pAramArthika-pratyakSa ye do bheda kiye / ina donoM bhedoM kA koI sUcana tattvArthAdhigama sUtra yA bhASya meM nahIM milatA / umAsvAti ne spaSTa rUpa se indriyAdi nimitta se hone vAle jJAna ko parokSa kI saMjJA dI hai, pratyakSa kI nhiiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bAda ke AcAryoM ne kamobeza naiyAyikoM se prabhAvita hokara apanI pratyakSa pramANamImAMsA meM indriya-pratyakSa kA samAveza kiyA aura umAsvAti ke batAye avadhi, manaHparyaya evaM kevala ko pAramArthika-pratyakSa kI saMjJA dI / ataH hama prathamatayA avadhi, mana:paryaya kI aura kevala kI hI vivecanA kareMge evaM yathAsthAna sAMvyavahArika-pratyakSa ko bhI saMkSipta vyAkhyA kareMge / [1] avadhijJAna : __ avadhi kA artha hai - sImA yA maryAdA, arthAt vaha maryAdita jJAna jo dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA kevala rUpI padArthoM ko spaSTa rUpa se jAnatA hai, avadhi jJAna hai / yaha jJAna avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se utpanna hotA hai / avadhijJAna do prakAra kA hai| - (1) bhavapratyaya (2) guNapratyaya (kSayopazamanimittaka) (1) bhavapratyaya :- nAraka aura devoM ko jo avadhijJAna hotA hai use bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna kahate haiM | 'bhava' kahate haiM-AyunAma karma ke udaya kA nimitta pAkara honevAle jIva ke paryAyoM ko, aura 'pratyaya' zabda kA artha hai-hetu athavA nimitta kAraNa | ataH bhava hI jisameM nimitta ho, vaha bhavapratyaya hai ! nAraka aura devoM ke avadhijJAna meM usa bhava meM utpanna honA hI kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| jaise pakSiyoM kA AkAza meM gamana karanA svabhAva se yA usa bhava meM janma lene mAtra se hI A jAtA hai, usake lie zikSA yA tapa kAraNa nahIM hai usI prakAra jo jIva narakagati yA devagati ko prApta hote haiM unheM avadhijJAna bhI svataH hI prApta ho jAtA hai / umAsvAti ne jo 'yathAyogya zabda kA nirdeza kiyA hai usakA tAtparya hai ki sabhI deva athavA nArakiyoM ko avadhijJAna samAna nahIM hotA / jisameM jitanI yogyatA hai usake anusAra unheM utanA hI hotA hai | avadheya hai ki tIrthaMkara ko janma se avadhi jJAna hone para bhI unake avadhijJAna ko bhavapratyaya nahIM mAnate kyoMki ukta avadhijJAna meM tIrthaMkara kI AtmA ke guNa kAraNabhUta haiN| prazna uThatA hai ki devoM tathA nArakoM ko usa bhava meM janmagrahaNa karane mAtra se avadhijJAna prApta ho jAtA hai, unheM vrata niyamAdi pAlana karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI to manuSyAdi ko isake lie prayAsa kyoM karanA par3atA hai ? vastutaH kSayopazama to sabhI ke lie Avazyaka hai / antara sAdhana meM hai / jo jIva kevala janma mAtra se kSayopazama kara sakate haiM unakA avadhijJAna bhavapratyaya hai evaM jinheM isake lie vizeSa prayatna karanA par3atA hai, unakA avadhijJAna kSayopazama nimittaka yA guNapratyaya hai| umAsvAti 'devanArakANAma' pada se samyagdRSTiyoM kA grahaNa ka kyoMki sUtra meM avadhipada kA grahaNa hai / mithyAdRSTiyoM kA jJAna vibhaMgajJAna kahalAtA hai / ata: umAsvAti yaha mAnate haiM ki deva va nArakiyoM meM bhI unhIM ko bhava ke prathama samaya se avadhijJAna hotA hai, jo samyagdRSTi hote haiM / mithyAdRSTiyoM ko vibhaMgajJAna hotA hai|6 / / (2) guNa pratyaya (kSayopazamanimittaka):- kSayopazamanimittaka jJAna zeSa do gativAle jIva-tiryaJca aura manuSya ko hotA hai / avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma ke dezaghAtI spardhakoM kA udaya rahate hue sarvaghAtI spardhakoM kA udayAbhAvI kSaya aura anudaya prApta inhIM ke sadavasthArUpa upazama ina donoM ke nimitta se jo hotA hai vaha kSayopazamanimittaka avadhijJAna hai|8 / tiryazca aura manuSya ko honevAlA yaha guNapratyaya-avadhijJAna sabako nahIM hotA, unameM bhI jinako

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Vol. III-1997-2002 zrIprakAza pANDeya 259 sAmarthya hai unhIM ko hotA hai| asaMjJI aura aparyAtakoM ko yaha sAmarthya nahIM hai| saMjJI aura paryAptakoM meM bhI sabako yaha sAmarthya nahIM hotI, kevala unako, jinake samyagdarzanAdi nimittoM ke milane para avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma zAnta evaM kSINa ho gayA ho" / kSayopazama nimittaka avadhijJAna cha prakAra kA hotA hai (1) anAnugAmI (2) anugAmI (3) hIyamAnaka (4) vardhamAnaka (5) anavasthita aura (6) avasthita / AcArya umAsvAti ne ina chaH jJAnoM ko isI krama meM rakhA hai| devanandi evaM bhaTTa akalaMka ne kramazaH sarvArthasiddhi" aura tattvArthavArtika" meM ise bhinna krama meM rakhA hai yathA- anugAmI, ananugAmI, vardhamAna, hIyamAna, avasthita evaM anavasthita / (1) anAnugAmI" jo avadhijJAna kevala apane utpatti sthala meM hI yogya viSayoM ko jAnatA hai, anAnugAmI avadhijJAna hai / jaise- kisI jyotiSI yA nimittajJAnI Adi ke viSaya meM dekhA jAtA hai ki vaha eka nizcita sthAna para hI praznoM kA uttara de sakatA hai sarvatra nahIM usI prakAra anAnugAmI avadhijJAna jisa sthAna para utpanna hotA hai usase anyatra vaha kAma nahIM kara pAtA / 1 (2) anugAmI" jo avadhijJAna apane utpatti sthala aura sthAnAntara donoM hI jagaha apane yogya viSayoM ko jAnatA hai, vaha AnugAmI avadhijJAna hai / jaise sUrya pUrva dizA ke sAtha-sAtha anya dizAoM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai| - (3) hIyamAnaka" asaMkhyAta dvIpa samudra, pRthvI, vimAna aura tiryaka, Upara athavA nIce jitane kSetra kA pramANa lekara utpanna huA hai, krama se usa pramANa se ghaTate ghaTate jo avadhijJAna aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga pramANa taka ke kSetra ko viSaya karane vAlA raha jAya to use hIyamAnaka avadhijJAna kahate haiN| jaise agni prajvalita ho jAne para bhI yadi usase yogya IMdhana Adi na mile to dhIre-dhIre bujhane yA kama hone lagatI hai / - (4) vardhamAnaka" jo avadhijJAna aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga Adi ke barAbara pramANa lekara utpanna huA ho aura usa pramANa se bar3hatA hI calA jAya to use vardhamAnaka avadhijJAna kahate haiM / (5) anavasthita" jo avadhijJAna eka rUpa na rahakara aneka rUpa dhAraNa kare vaha anavasthita avadhijJAna hai| yaha avadhijJAna utpanna pramANa se kabhI ghaTatA hai, kabhI bar3hatA hai aura kabhI chUTa bhI jAtA hai| jaise kisI jalAzaya kI lahareM vAyuvega kA nimitta pAkara kabhI U~cI-nIcI yA kabhI utpanna to kabhI naSTa huA karatI haiM usI prakAra zubha athavA azubharUpa jaise bhI pariNAmoM kA isako nimitta milatA hai usake anusAra isa avadhijJAna kI hAni, vRddhi Adi aneka avasthAe~ huA karatI haiM / (6) avasthita "vaha avadhijJAna jo jitane pramANa kSetra ke viSaya meM utpanna ho, usase vaha tabataka nahIM chUTatA jabataka ki kevalajJAna kI prApti na ho jAya yA usakA vartamAna manuSya janma chUTakara use bhavAntara kI prApti na ho jAya, avasthita avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai arthAt jise avasthita avadhijJAna hotA hai, usase vaha tabataka nahIM chUTatA jabataka kI usako kevalajJAnAdi kI prApti na ho jAya kyoMki kevala jJAna kSAyika hai, usake sAtha kSAyopazamika jJAna nahIM raha sakatA / yadi usI janma meM kevala jJAna na ho, to vaha janmAntara meM bhI usa jIva ke sAtha hI jAtA hai / gommaTasAra meM avadhijJAna ke sAmAnya se tIna bheda kie gaye haiM- dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi / bhavapratyaya avadhi niyama se dezAvadhi hI hotA hai tathA paramAvadhi evaM sarvAvadhi niyama se kSayopazamanimittaka yA guNapratyaya hI hote haiN| gommaTasAra meM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ko lekara bhI avadhijJAna kA eka vivecana milatA hai jisake anusAra japanya bheda se lekara utkRSTa bheda paryanta avadhijJAna ke jo asaMkhyAta lokapramANa bheda haiM ve saba hI dravya, kSetra, kAla bhAva kI apekSA se pratyakSatayA rUpI dravya ko hI grahaNa karate haiM tathA usake sambandha se saMsArI jIva dravya ko bhI jAnate haiM kintu sarvAvadhijJAna meM jaghanya utkRSTa Adi bheda nahIM haiM / vaha nirvikalpa

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260 sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra.... Nirgrantha eka prakAra kA hai / Avazyakaniryukti meM avadhijJAna ko kSetra, saMsthAna, avasthita, tIvra, maMda ityAdi caudaha dRSTikoNoM se vivecita kiyA gayA hai / vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva evaM bhava ina sAta nikSepoM ke mAdhyama se avadhijJAna ko vizleSita kiyA gayA hai / [2] mana:paryayajJAna : jIva ke dvArA gRhIta aura mana ke AkAra meM pariNIta dravyavizeSarUpa manovargaNAoM ke Alambana se vicArarUpa paryAyoM ko binA indriyAdi sAdhanoM ke sAkSAt jAna lenA mana:paryaya jJAna hai / sampUrNa pramAdoM se rahita aura jise mana:paryaya jJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama prApta ho cukA hai use hI yaha atyaMta viziSTa kSAyopazamika kintu pratyakSa jJAna prApta hotA hai / jisase vaha manuSya lokavartI manaHparyApti" dhAraNa karanevAle paMcendriya prANimAtra ke trikAlavartI manogata vicAroM ko binA indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke hI jAna sakatA hai / Avazyakaniryukti ke anusAra manaH paryaya jJAna kA adhikArI kevala manuSya hI hotA hai aura manuSyoM meM bhI, vaha jo cAritravAna hotA hai / nandIsUtra" meM dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA se mana:paryayajJAna kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 'dravyAdi kI dRSTi se mana:paryayajJAna ke antargata ve pudgala dravya jo mana ke rUpa meM parivartita hote haiM, ve Ate haiM, kSetra kI dRSTi se yaha manuSya kSetra meM pAyA jAtA hai, kAla kI dRSTi se yaha asaMkhyAta kAla taka sthita rahatA hai aura bhAva kI dRSTi se inameM manovargaNAoM kI ananta avasthAe~ dekhI jA sakatI haiN| saMyama kI vizuddhatA mana:paryayajJAna kA bahiraMga kAraNa hai aura mana:paryayajJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama aMtaraMga kAraNa hai / ina donoM kAraNoM ke milane para utpanna hone vAlA jJAna indriya- anIndriya kI sahAyatA ke binA manuSya ke manogata vicAroM ko jAna letA hai / viSayabheda kI apekSA se isa jJAna ke do bheda haiM: (1) Rjumati (2) vipulamati Rjumati, jIva ke dvArA grahaNa meM AyI huI aura mana ke AkAra meM pariNata dravya vizeSa rUpa manovargaNAoM ke avalaMbana se vicAra rUpa paryAyoM ko indriya aura anindriya kI apekSA ke binA hI jAnatA hai / Rjumati, Rju - sAmAnya - do-tIna evaM kevala vartamAna paryAyoM" ko hI grahaNa karatA hai / jabaki vipulamati mana:paryaya jJAna trikAlavartI, manuSya ke dvArA ciMtita, aciMtita evaM arddhaciMtita aise tInoM prakAra kI paryAyoM ko jAna sakatA hai / ye donoM hI prakAra ke jJAna darzanapUrvaka nahIM huA karate jabaki avadhijJAna pratyakSa hokara bhI darzanapUrvaka hotA hai / mana:paryaya jJAna ke ina donoM bhedoM meM umAsvAti ne do vizeSatAe~ aura batAI hai - (1) vizuddhakRta ( 2 ) apratipAtakRta / Rjumati mana:paryayajJAna kI apekSA vipulamati mana:paryayajJAna adhika vizuddha huA karatA hai tathA vipulamati apratipAtI hai / kyoMki Rjumati mana:paryayajJAna utpanna hokara chUTa bhI jAtA hai, aura eka hI bAra nahIM aneka bAra utpanna hokara chUTa jAtA hai paraMtu vipulamati apratipAtI hone se utpanna hone ke bAda bhI jabataka kevalajJAna prakaTa na ho tabataka nahIM chUTatA / mana:paryayajJAna kI grahaNazakti ke sambandha meM do paramparAe~ dekhI jAtI haiM (1) sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArtharAjavArtika" Adi granthoM meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki AtmA ke dvArA mana:paryayajJAna meM mana ke ciMtita artha kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / (2) vizeSAvazyakabhASya" ke anusAra mana:paryayajJAna meM AtmA ke dvArA mana kI paryAyoM kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai phira usake AdhAra para ciMtita artha ke sambandha meM anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / avadhijJAna aura mana:paryayajJAna meM antara :- umAsvAti ne ina donoM jJAnoM meM vizuddhikRta, kSetrakRta,

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261 Vol. III-1997-2002 zrIprakAza pANDeya svAmikRta aura viSayakRta ina cAra bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / (1) vizuddhikRta - vizuddhi kA artha nirmalatA hai / avadhijJAna kI apekSA mana:paryayajJAna kI vizuddhi yA nirmalatA adhika hotI hai kyoMki vaha apane viSaya ko avadhijJAna se adhika vizada rUpa meM jAnatA hai| (2) kSetrakRta - donoM meM kSetrakRta vizeSatA yaha hai ki avadhijJAna kA kSetra aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga se lekara sampUrNa loka paryanta hai / jabaki manaHparyayajJAna kA kSetra manuSya loka pramANa hai, vaha utane kSetra ke bhItara hI saMjJI jIvoM kI manogata paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai / (3) svAmIkRta-avadhijJAna saMyamI sAdhu, asaMyamI jIva tathA saMyatAsaMyata zrAvaka ina sabhI ko ho sakatA hai tathA cAroM hI gativAle jIvoM ko ho sakatA hai; jabaki manaHparyayajJAna pramatta saMyata se lekara kSINakaSAya-guNasthAna taka ke utkRSTa cAritra se yukta jIvoM meM hI pAyA jAtA hai / / (4) viSayakRta-jJAna dvArA jo padArtha jAnA jAya use jJeya athavA viSaya kahate haiM / viSaya kI dRSTi se avadhijJAna, rUpI dravyoM evaM usakI asampUrNa paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai paraMtu avadhi ke viSaya kA anantavA~ bhAga manaHparyaya kA viSaya hai| ataH avadhi kI apekSA manaHparyayajJAna kA viSaya ati sUkSma hai / [3] kevalajJAna: kevalajJAna kA viSaya sampUrNa dravya aura unakI sabhI paryAyeM hai / jIva, ajIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina sabhI dravyoM kI pRthak-pRthak tInoM kAloM meM honevAlI anaMtAnta paryAyeM haiM / ataH jo jJAna ina sabako jAnatA hai vaha kevalajJAna hai / vaha dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva viziSTa tathA utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya yukta sabhI padArthoM ko grahaNa karatA hai aura sampUrNa loka-aloka ko viSaya karatA hai / isase utkRSTa aura koI bhI jJAna nahIM hai aura na hI koI aisA jJeya hai jo kevalajJAna kA viSaya na ho / ise kevala, paripUrNa, samagra, asAdhAraNa, nirapekSa, vizuddha, sarvabhAvajJApaka lokAloka viSaya aura anantaparyAyajJAna bhI kahate haiM / yaha apanI taraha kA akelA jJAna hai isalie ise kevala jJAna kahate haiM / sAMvyavahArika evaM pAramArthika-pratyakSa :- umAsvAti ne pratyakSa ke andara avadhi, manaHparyaya evaM kevala ina tIna AtmasApekSa evaM indriya-anindriya kI sahAyatA ke binA honevAle jJAnoM ko hI liyA hai / bAda meM jaba Agamika vicAra prakriyA meM tArkikatA kA praveza huA to aisA mahasUsa kiyA jAne lagA ki lokavyavahAra meM prasiddha indriyapratyakSa aura mAnasapratyakSa kI samasyA ke samanvaya hetu inheM bhI pratyakSa meM zAmila kiyA jAnA cAhie / nandIsUtrakAra ne sambhavataH sabase pahale ina donoM jAnoM ko pratyakSa meM zAmila kara pratyakSa ke indriyapratyakSa aura noindriyapratyakSa nAmaka do vibhAga kiye / isake bAda jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne apane vistRta bhASya meM dvividha pramANa vibhAga meM Agamika paMcajJAna vibhAga (mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya, kevala) kA tarkapurassara samAveza kiyA aura anuyogadvArakartA evaM nandIkAra dvArA svIkRta indriyajanya evaM noindriyajanyarUpa se vividha pratyakSa ke varNana meM Ane vAle use virodha kA parihAra sAMvyavahArika evaM pAramArthika pratyakSa aise do nAma dekara sarvaprathama karane kA prayAsa kiyA, jise bhaTTa akalaMka, hemacandrAcArya Adi paravartI vidvAnoM ne bhI apanI pramANa mImAMsA meM sthAna diyA / ina donoM pratyakSoM kA saMkSipta paricaya yahA~ aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA / (1) sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa - bAdhArahita pravRtti-nivRtti aura logoM kA bolacAla rUpa vyavahAra, saMvyavahAra kahalAtA hai| isa saMvyavahAra ke lie jo pratyakSa mAnA jAya vaha sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hai / yaha apAramArthika pratyakSa pA~ca indriyoM evaM mana kI sahAyatA se utpanna hotA hai / yaha do prakAra kA hai - (1) indriyaja (2) anindriyaja"1

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262 sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra.... Nirgrantha cakSu Adi indriyoM se utpanna honevAle ko indriyaja aura manojanita ko anindriyaja kahate haiM / dhyAtavya hai ki indriyajanita jJAna meM bhI mana kA vyApAra hotA hai tathApi mana vahA~ sAdhAraNa kAraNa evaM indriya asAdhAraNa kAraNa hone se use indriyaja yA indriya sAMvyavahArika-pratyakSa kahate haiM / indriya aura anindriya kI sahAyatA se hone vAle jJAna ko AcArya umAsvAti ne-tadindriyAnindriyanimittam kahakara ise matijJAna kI zreNI meM rakhA hai aura ise pratyakSa na mAnakara parokSa jJAna kahA hai / indriya nimittaka aura anindriyanimittaka jJAnarUpa matijJAna ke 4 bheda kie gae haiM- (1) avagraha (2) IhA (3) avAya (apAya) aura (4) dhAraNA / indriya aura artha ke sambandhita hone para jo sAmAnyajJAna hotA hai, jisameM koI vizeSaNa, nAma yA vikalpa nahIM hotA use avagraha kahate haiM / yaha do prakAra kA hai - vyaMjanAvagraha evaM arthAvagraha / IhA - avagraha dvArA gRhIta jJAna ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnane kI icchA IhA hai / avAya (apAya) - IhA ke dvArA jAne hue padArtha ke viSaya meM nirNayAtmaka jJAna avAya hai / dhAraNA - avAya se jisa artha kA bodha hotA hai usakA adhika kAla taka sthira rahanA yA smRtirUpa ho jAnA dhAraNA hai / (2) pAramArthika yA mukhya-pratyakSa :- pAramArthika-pratyakSa pUrNarUpeNa vizada hotA hai / jo jJAna apanI utpatti meM mAtra AtmA ke hI vyApAra kI apekSA rakhatA hai, mana aura indriyoM kI sahAyatA jisameM apekSita nahIM hai, vaha pAramArthika pratyakSa hai / pAramArthika pratyakSa ke tIna bheda haiM - (1) avadhi (2) manaHparyaya aura (3) kevala jisakA vivecana hama pUrva pRSThoM meM kara cuke haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra meM pratyakSa pramANa kI jo vyAkhyA AcArya umAsvAti ne kI hai usakA mukhya AdhAra Agamika paramparA mAnya pramANadvaya hI rahA hai, isIlie unhoMne pramANa ke pratyakSa aura parokSa do hI bheda kiye / pratyakSa ke antargata unhoMne sIdhe AtmA se hone vAle avadhi, manaHparyaya evaM kevala ina tIna jJAnoM ko hI liyA aura indriya tathA mana kI sahAyatA se hone vAle jJAna ko parokSa kI koTi meM rakhA / paravartI AcAryoM ne indriya aura mana sApekSa pratyakSa ko sAMvyavahArika-pratyakSa kI saMjJA dI evaM avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala ko pAramArthika-pratyakSa kahA / vastutaH dekhA jAya to yaha indriya-mana pratyakSa bhI anumAna ke samAna parokSa hI hai, kyoMki unameM saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya ho sakate haiM jaise-asiddha, viruddha aura anekAntika anumAna / jaise zAbda jJAna saMketa kI sahAyatA se hotA hai aura anumAna vyApti ke smaraNa se utpanna hotA hai, ataeva ve parokSa haiM usI prakAra sAMvyavahArika-pratyakSa indriya aura mana tathA AtmavyApAra kI sahAyatA se utpanna hotA hai, ata: vaha bhI parokSa hI hai / saMbhavataH umAsvAti ko ina tathyoM kA jJAna thA isalie unhoMne indriya aura mana ke nimitta se hone vAle jJAna ko 'tadindriyAnindriyanimittam' kahakara use parokSa kI koTi meM rakhA / bhaTTa akalaMka, hemacaMdra Adi AcArya jinhoMne indriyamanonimittaka pratyakSa ko sAMvyavahArika-pratyakSa kI saMjJA dI, una para nandIsUtrakAra ke indriya-anindriya rUpa se kie gaye pratyakSa vibhAga tathA naiyAyikoM ke 'indriyArthasannikarSotpannaM jJAnamavyapadezyamavyabhicAri vyavasAyAtmaka pratyakSa rUpa se kI gaI pratyakSa kI paribhASA kA prabhAva spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotA hai| aisA nahIM thA ki umAsvAti naiyAyikoM kI pramANamImAMsA se paricita nahIM the kyoMki 'nayavAdAntareNa' kahakara tathA pratyakSa aura parokSa ke atirikta anumAna-upamAnAdi pramANoM ko naiyAyikoM kA kahakara, una sAre pramANoM ko inhIM do mukhya pramANoM meM antarbhUta mAnA hai, para yaha jarUra thA ki unase ve prabhAvita nahIM the / phira umAsvAti kI pratyakSa kI paribhASA meM aisA koI doSa parilakSita nahIM hotA jisakA parihAra sAMvyavahArika-pratyakSa ko mAnalene mAtra se ho gayA ho / kyoMki paravartI AcArya bhI avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala ko pAramArthika pratyakSa to mAnate hI haiM / ataH umAsvAti dvArA

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Vol. III- 1997-2002 zrIprakAza pANDeya 263 pratyakSa pramANa vivecana jo tattvArthAdhigamasUtrabhASya meM huA hai, vaha apane Apa meM pUrNa hai isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai| saMdarbhasUcI : 1. sarvArthasiddhi saMpA. paM0 phUlacaMda siddhAntazAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI 1991, "prastAvanA" pR0 62. 2. SakhaNDAgama (dhavalA TIkA evaM hindI anuvAda sahita) : puSpadanta bhUtabali, jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaMDa kAryAlaya, prathama AvRtti, amarAvatI 3. tattvArthazlokavArtika, saMpA. zrI vidyAnanda manoharalAla zA, rAmacandra natharaMgajI gAMdhI, mAMDavI, bambaI 1918, pR. 6. 4. paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, vIrasevA mandira sarasAvA, sahAranapura 1956, pR. 202. 5. sAgaramala jaina, tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA, pArzvanAtha zodha-pITha, vArANasI 1994, pR. 4. 6. pramANaparIkSA, saMpA. darabArIlAla koThiyA, vIrasevA mandira TrasTa prakAzana, vArANasI 1977, pR. 9. (a) pramiNoti pramIyate'nena pramitimAtraM vA pramANam / pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi, 1/10, pR. 70. (ba) pramIyante'staiiriti pramANAni / umAsvAti, sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa 1932, 1/12. 7. nyAyabhASya, saMpA. AcArya DhuMDhirAja zAstrI, caukhambhA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI vi0 saM0 2039, pR. 18. 8. nyAyamajarI, jayanta bhaTTa, saMpA0 ke0 esa0 varadAcArya, Oriental Research Institute, Mysore, 1969, p. 12. 9. nyAyabindu, caukhambhA sirIja kAzI pR0 13. 10. atha saMnikarSe pramANe sati indriye vA ko doSaH / yadi saMnikarSaH pramANam, sUkSmavyavahitaviprakRSTAnAmAnAm agrahaNaprasaMgaH / sarvArthasiddhi, 1/10 pR. 69. 11. vahI - 1/19. 12. jainanyAya, saMpA. pa. kailAzacandra zAstrI, zrI gaNezavarNI digambara jaina saMsthAna, vArANasI 1988, pR0 27. 13. nyAyakumudacandra : prabhAcandrAcArya, saMpA. pa. mahendrakumAra nyAyazAstrI, mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI vI. ni. sa. 2464 / IsvI 1937, pR. 50. 14. vahI, pR0 33. 15. jainanyAya, pR. 72. 16. matizruta-avadhimanaHparyayakevalAni jJAnam / tatpramANe / - sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra - 1/9-10. 17. (a) samantabhadra, bRhatsvayaMbhUstotra. saMpA. pa0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, vIrasevA mandira sarasAvA, sahAranapura 1951, kA0 63. (ba) tattvajJAnaM pramANaM te yugapatsarvabhAsanam / kramabhAvi ca yajjJAnaM syAdvATyasaMskRtam / / AptamImAMsA, samantabhadra, zrI gaNeza varNI digambara jaina saMsthAna, nariyA, vArANasI 1975, gA0 101. 18. (1) Since the Nyayavatara (wrongly ascribed to Siddhasena) incorporates verses from the Buddhist dialections Dingnaga (c. A. D. 480-560 or earlier), Samantabhadra (c. A. D. 575-625), Yogindra (c. 7th Century) and Patrakesari (c. A.D. 700), all Digambar Saints, it was rightly thought to be a late work by Digambar scholars. What Siddhasena wrote was, Dvadasaranayacakra of Maliavadi according to the commentary by Simha-Sura Ksamasramana (c. A. D. 675) on (c. A. D. 525-575) a work entitled "Nayavatara' not "Nyayavatara', the latter in all probability being the work by Siddharsi (late 9th early 10th century) not Siddhasena. Cf. M. A. Dhaky.- 'The Jina Image and Nirgrantha agamic and hymnic imagery' A paper presented in Seminar on 'The Sastric Tradition in

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264 sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra.... Nirgrantha Indian Art' footnote p. 102, Heidelberg 1985%; also his The Date and Authorship of Nyayavatara' in Nirgrantha. Vol. 1, 1995, p. 45. 19. nyAyAvatAra, saMpA0 satIzacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNa evaM DaoN. satyaraMjana banarjI, saMskRta buka DipATa, kalakattA 1981, kA0 1. 20. "pramANamavisaMvAdijJAnamanadhigatArthAdhigamalakSaNatvAt / " aSTasahasrI, vidyAnanda (anu0 AryikA zrI jJAnamatI), digambara jaina triloka saMsthAna, hastinApura-meraTha 1974, pR. 175. 21. gRhItamagRhItaM vA yadi svArthaM vyavasyati / tatraloke na zAkheSu vijahAti pramANatAm / 179 tattvArthazlokavArtikAlaMkAra, saMpA. AcArya kunthUsAgara, kunthUsAgara granthamAlA, solApura vIra saM0 2495 / IsvI 1968, tRtIya khaNDa, pR. 98. 22. svApUrvArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam / parIkSAmukha : mANikyanandi, saMpA. paM0 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI, prakAzaka : zrI bAlacanda jaina zAstrI, banArasa 1928. 1/1. 23. duvihe nANe paNNate - taM jahA-paccakkhe ceva parokkhe ceva / __ sthAnAMga, saMpA. muni jambUvijaya, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, mumbaI 1985, bIyaM ajjhayaNaM, paDhamo uddezo-60, granthAMka 3. 24. se kiM taM pamANe ? pamANe caubihe paNNatti taM jahA paccakkhe jahA aNuoga dAre tahA NeyavvaM / viyAhapaNNatti, mahAvIra jainavidyAlaya, mumbaI 1978, 5/3/2 pR0 111, granthAMka 4. 25. (a) ahavA heu caubvihe paM. taM paccakkhe aNumANe, ovamme Agame / - sthAnAMga - 413/336 50 149. (ba) pamANe caubvihaM paNNatti-viyAha-paNNatti-5/3/2 pR. 111. 26. dazavakAlikaniyukti mahAvIra jainavidyAlaya, bambaI 1977, gAthA-50. 27. anuyogadvAra, nandIsUtra anuyogadArAI, saMpA. paM. becaradAsa dozI, mahAvIra jainavidyAlaya, bambaI 1978, sU. 59. 28. tattvArthasUtra, umAsvAti, saMpA. paM. sukhalAlajI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI 1976, 1/10-12. 29. nyAyasUtra, saMpA. zrImad jIvAnanda vidyAsAgara evaM zrInityabodha vidyAratna, caukhambhA saMskRta pratiSThAna, dillI 1986, 1/1/3. 30. sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra- 1/6 31. (a) vaizeSikasUtra, saMpA. AcArya DhuMDhIrAja zAstrI, caukhambhA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI 1977, 9/2/3. (ba) sAMkhyakArikA, IzvarakRSNa, saMpA0 ramAzaMkara tripAThI, bhadainI, vArANasI 1978, kA0 4. (sa) nyAyasUtra, 1/1/3. (da) prakaraNapaMcikA : zAlikanAtha, caukhambhA saMskRta sirIja, vArANasI, pR0 44. (ya) zAnadIpikA, saMpA. pArthasArathi mizra, nirNayasAgara, prathama saMskaraNa, muMbaI 1915, pR. 246. 32. sarvANyetAni matizrutayorantarbhUtAnIndriyArthasannikarSanimittatvAt / sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra-1/12. 33. vahI 1/11. 34. nyAyadarzanam (vAtsyAyana bhASya), saMpA. AcArya DhuMDhIrAja zAstrI, caukhambhA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI vi0 saM0 2039, 1/1/3. 35. indriyArthasannikarSotpannaM jJAna....pratyakSam / - nyAyadarzanam 1/1/4. 36. (a) sarvArthasiddhi-1/12. (ba) 'jIvo akkho atthavvAvaNamoyaNa guNaNNio jeNa' vizeSAvazyakabhASya, saMpA0 paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA evaM paM0 becaradAsa dosI, lA. da. bhA. sa. vi. maMdira, ahamadAbAda 1968, pR. 89. (sa) tathA ca bhagavAna bhadrabAhu jIvo akho taM paI jaM vaTTai taM tu hoipaccakkhaM - nyAyAvatAra Ti. pa. 95. (da) 'akSaNoti vyApnoti jAnAti' iti akSa AtmA /

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Vol. III - 1997-2002 zrIprakAza pANDeya 265 tattvArthavArtika, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda-kalakattA 1939, 1/12. 37. sarvArthasiddhi-1/12. 38. vahI 1/12. 39. sabhASya tattvArthAdhigamasUtra-1/12. 40. nyAyAvatAra kA. 4. 41. nyAyAvatAravivRtti kA0 4. pR. 3. 42. indriyAnindriyAnapekSamatItavyabhicAraM sAkAragrahaNaM pratyakSam / - tattvArthavArtika 1/12. 43. nyAyavinizcaya-zloka-3. 44. laghIyastraya, saMpA0 nyAyakumudacandra, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda-kalakattA 1939, 4. 45. pratyakSa kalpanApoDaM vedyate'tiparisphuTam tattvasaMgraha : kamalazIla, saMpma0 dvArikAdAsa zAstrI, bauddha bhAratI, prathama saMskaraNa, vArANasI 1968, kA0 1242. 46. tacca jJAnarUpavedanamAtmanaH sAkSAtkAri nirvikalpaM abhrAMtaM ca / tataH pratyakSaM / nyAyabindu, saM. pI. AI. tarkasa, nUtana mudraNAlaya, akolA 1952, 1.10. 47. parIkSAmukha 2-3. 48. pramANa-naya-tattvAloka, anuvAdaka paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla, nyAyatIrtha, AtmajAgRti kAryAlaya, byAvara 1942, 2.2. 49. pramANamImAMsA, hemacandrAcArya, saMpA. jinavijayajI, siMghI jaina jJAnapITha, ahamadAbAda-kalakattA 1939, 1/1/13. 50. 'idantayA pratibhAso vA' iti idantayA vizeSaniSThatayA yaH pratibhAsaH samyagarthanirNayasya so'pi vaizadyam / pramANamImAMsA-1/1/14. 50. a- sarvArthasiddhi-1/12. 50. ba- tattvArthavArtika, akalaMka, sampA. mahendra kumAra 'nyAyAcArya', bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, kAzI 1953, bhAga-1, pR. 53-54. 50. ka- vahI pR0 53. 51. dvividho'vadhiH / sabhAdhyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra-1/21. 52. nArakANAM devAnAM ca yathAtvaM bhavapratyayamavadhijJAnaM bhavati / vahI-1/22. 53. vahI-1/22. 54. yathAsvaM bhavapratyayamavadhijJAnaM bhavati / vahI-1/22. 55. devAnAmapi yad yasya sambhavati tacca yathAsvamiti vijJeyam bhavapratyayaM bhavakAraNaM adho'dho vistRtaviSayamavadhijJAnaM bhavati / ___ tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (zrI siddhasenagaNibhASAnusAriNITIkA) saMzodhaka eca. Ara. kApaDiyA, seTha devacaMda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaNDa, granthAMka-67, bambaI 1926, bhAga-1. 1/22 pR. 96. 56. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra 1/32. 57. zeSANAmiti nArakadevebhyaH zeSANAM tiryamyonijAnAM manuSyANAM ca 1 - sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra-1/23. 58. sarvArthasiddhi 1/22 pR. 90. 59. yathoktasamyagdarzanAdinimittasaMnidhAne sati zAntakSINakarmaNAM tasyopalabdhirbhavati / vahI 1/22, pR. 90. 60. tadyathA-anAnugAmika, AnugAmika, hIyamAnakaM, vardhamAnakaM, anavasthitam, avasthitamiti / - sabhASyatattvArthAdhi01/23. 61. sarvArthasiddhi 1/22. 62. tattvArthavArtika 1/22. 63. sabhASyatattvArthAdhi01/22.

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266 sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra.... Nirgrantha 64. vahI 1/22. 65. vahI 1/22. 66. vahI 1/22. 67. vahI 1/22. 68. vahI 1/22. 69. desohI, paramohI, samvohi tti ya tidhA ohI / gommaTasAra-jIvakANDa, 372, zrIparamazruta prabhAvaka maMDala zrImad rAjacaMdra Azrama, agAsa vi. saM. 2041/I. san 1985. 70. gommaTasAra-jIvakANDa-376. 71. Avazyakaniyukti, zrI bherulAla kanaiyAlAla koThArI, dhArmika TrasTa, muMbaI vi0 saM0 2038/ I.sa. 1982, 26-28.76. 72. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA0 580. 73. sabhASya tattvArthAdhigamasUtra 1/24, pR0 42. 74. AhArasarIriMdiyapajjattI ANapANabhAsa mANo / - gommaTasAra-jIvakANDa, 118. 75. Avazyakaniyukti, 76. 76. nandIsUtra (nandIsUtra anuyogadArAI), 23-25. 77. RjuvipulamatI manaHparyAya: / - sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra, 1/24. 78. gommaTasAra-jIvakANDa-440.. 79. sarvArthasiddhi-1/9, tattvArtharAjavArtika-1. 26. 80. vizeSAvazyakabhASya-84. 81. sabhAdhyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra-1/26. 82. vahI 1/28. 83. taddantabhAge manaHparyAyasya / / vahI-1/29. 84. vahI 1/30. 85. nandIsUtra-3. 86. eganteNa parokkhaM liMgiya mohAiyaM ca paccakkhaM / indiya maNobhavaM jaM taM saMvavahArapaccakkhaM / / - vizeSAvazyakabhASya. gA. 95. 87. (a) tatrasaMvyavahArikaM indriyAnindriyam pratyakSam ! - laghIyamaya-4. (ba) mukhyasAMvyavahArikabhedena dvaividhyaM pratyakSasya... - pramANamImAMsA-1/14. (sa) pratyakSa dvividhaM-sAMvyavahArika pAramArthika ceti / jaina tarkabhASA, saMpA. paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI, sarasvatI pustaka bhaMDAra, ahamadAbAda 1993, pR0 2. 88. etacca dvividha-indriyajam, anindriyajaM ca / - vahI, pR. 2. 89. sabhAdhyatattvArthAdhi. 1/14. 90. avagrahehApAyadhAraNAbhedAccaturvidham- - jainatarkabhASA. pR. 3. 91. pramANanayatattvAloka 2.8. 92. svotpattAvAtmavyApAramAtrApekSaM pAramArthikam / - jainatarkabhASA. pR07.