Rajasthani Bhasha me Prakrit Apbhramsa ke Prayog

Author(s): Prem Suman Jain
Publisher: Z_Anandrushi_Abhinandan_Granth_012013.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/211839/1

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DA0 premasumana jaina, ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0 (saMskRta vibhAga, udayapura vizvavidyAlaya) rAjasthAnI bhASA meM prAkRta-apabhraMza ke prayoga Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM ke vikAsa meM saMskRta ke atirikta prAkRta evaM apabhraMza bhASAoM kA paryApta prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| rAjasthAnI evaM gujarAtI bhASAe~ sAhitya kI dRSTi se paryApta vikasita ho cukI haiN| dhvanivijJAna evaM rUpavijJAna kI apekSA se inakA svatantra astitva hai| kintu ina bhASAoM ke vikAsa-krama evaM prAcIna svarUpa ko jAnane ke lie ina para prAkRta evaM apabhraMza ke prabhAva kA adhyayana karanA Avazyaka hai| isase prAcIna evaM arvAcIna bhASAoM kA sambandha bhI spaSTa ho skegaa| utpatti evaM sambandha vidvAnoM kA yaha sAmAnya mata hai ki vibhinna Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAe~ alaga-alaga apabhraMzoM se utpanna huI haiN|' jise Aja 'rAjasthAnI' kahA jAtA hai vaha bhASA nAgaraapabhraMza se utpanna mAnI jAtI hai, jo madhyakAla meM pazcimottara bhArata kI kathya bhASA thii| rAjasthAnI bhASA ke kSetra aura vividhatA , ko dhyAna meM rakhakara DA0 sunItikumAra caTA -isakI janaka bhASA ko saurASTra-apabhraMza tathA zrI ke0 ema0 munzI gurjarI-apabhraMza kahate haiN| rAjasthAnI bhASA bahuta samaya taka gujarAtI bhASA se abhinna rahI hai isalie usakI utpatti ko vibhinna apabhraMzoM se jor3A jAtA hai| vastutaH chaThI zatAbdI se 11vIM zatAbdI taka pazcimottara bhArata meM jo sAmAnya vicAra-vinimaya kI kathya-bhASA thI, usI se rAjasthAnI vikasita huI hai| vidvAn use 'purAnI hindI' nAma se bhI abhihita karate haiN| rAjasthAnI bhASA rAjasthAna aura mAlavA ke atirikta, madhyapradeza, paMjAba tathA sindha ke kucha bhAgoM meM bolI jAtI hai| ataH kaI upabhASAoM kA sAmAnya nAma rAjasthAnI hai, jo Adhunika vidvAnoM ne sthira kiyA hai| isakA prAcIna nAma 'marubhASA' thA jisakA sarvaprathama ullekha udyotanasUri ne 'kuvalayamAlAkahA' meM kiyA hai / uttarakAlIna granthoM meM isa bhASA ke lie 'marubhASA' marubhUmibhASA, mArubhASA, marudezIyAbhASA, maruvANI, DiMgala Adi nAma prayukta hae haiN| inase spaSTa hai ki rAjasthAnI mukhyata: mAravAr3a-bhUbhAga kI bhASA hai / yadyapi usakA prabhAva par3ausI prAntoM kI bhASA para bhI hai| mandarmanaMERARMANAS Mo v ememewmarana mmammomaonewhiamananews

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d. ````h w mr mr yf flymy `r`r `r`r `zh jm`y fy w`dh jnh dl` yd ` mr`y tyyh GE l AcAryapravAsa AcAryaprabhi zrIAnandagrantha zrIAnandA andha52 86 prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya rAjasthAnI bhASA ke antargata kaI boliyA~ haiM, jinakA vibhAjana vidvAnoM ne kaI dRSTiyoM se kiyA hai| DA0griyarsana kA vibhAjana adhika upayukta hai| pUrvI rAjasthAnI-dRDhAr3I evaM hAr3otI, dakSiNI rAjasthAnI-mAlavI nimAr3I, uttarI rAjasthAnI-mevAtI tathA pazcimI rAjasthAnI-mAravAr3I evaM mevaadd'ii| ina saba meM mAravAr3I sAhityika dRSTi se adhika samRddha hai| rAjasthAnI bhASA kI ina sabhI boliyoM para prAkRta-apabhraMza kA prabhAva par3A hai / inake kaI prayoga Aja bhI rAjasthAnI meM dekhe jA sakate haiN| prAkRta evaM apabhraMza ke jo tatva rAjasthAnI bhASA meM upalabdha haiM, ve do prakAra ke haiM-(i) rAjasthAnI kA jo prAcIna sAhitya hai usake granthoM kI bhASA para tathA (ii) vartamAna kI bola-cAla evaM sAhityika rAjasthAnI pr| kisI bhI bhASA para anya bhASA kA prabhAva do prakAra se par3atA hai-dhvani-parivartana dvArA evaM vyAkaraNa ke AdhAra pr| rAjasthAnI meM prAkRta evaM apabhraMza ke ye donoM prakAra ke tatva upalabdha haiN| dhvani-tatva rAjasthAnI meM bhASA-vijJAna kI dRSTi se aneka dhvani-parivartana hue haiN| kintu rAjasthAnI ke parivartita rUpoM kA mUla apabhraMza yA prAkRta-rUpa kyA thA, kaha pAnA kaThina hai| ina bhASAoM ke sAhitya meM prayukta kucha zabdoM ke AdhAra para rAjasthAnI bhASA ke dhvani-parivartanoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| svara AcArya hemacandra ne apabhraMza kA niyojana karate hue eka sUtra diyA hai syAdau dIrgha svau // 330 |-arthaat si-su Adi vibhaktiyA~ pare raheM to saMjJA zabdoM ke antyasvara kA prAya: dIrgha yA hrasva ho jAtA hai| yahI pravRtti rAjasthAnI meM upalabdha hai / yathA (i) dIrgha kA hrasva honA-dhaNaPage #3
rAjasthAnI bhASA meM prAkRta apabhraMza ke prayoga 87 isI prakAra svarAgama, vyaMjanAgama, viparyaya Adi ke rUpa bhI rAjasthAnI meM khoje jA sakate haiM / vastutaH yaha pUrA viSaya bhASAvaijJAnika adhyayana kA hai / tabhI rAjasthAnI ke dhvani-parivartanoM ko pUrNatayA spaSTa kiyA jA sakegA / vyAkaraNa-tatva rAjasthAnI bhASA ke vyAkaraNamUlaka adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki isa samudAya kI boliyoM meM zabda- samUha, vAkya saMracanA, kriyApada Adi ke stara para aneka navInatAe~ vikasita ho gayI haiN| phira bhI mUla bhASA prAkRta evaM apabhraMza ke vyAkaraNa ke tatvoM kA prabhAva inameM adhika hai / yadyapi saMskRta vyAkaraNa kA prabhAva bhI kama nahIM hai 15 saMjJA rAjasthAnI ke saMjJA rUpoM kI racanA para prAkRta kA sIdhA prabhAva hai / prAkRta meM prathamA vibhakti ke eka vacana pare rahate akAra ko okAra hotA hai / yathA - rAmo < rAmaH, sujjo Page #4
-:-ARADAALALASAGAINMadan - NAMAttrug - da -. -:. .. ... .. 88 prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya Fa ha rAjasthAnI kI mAravAr3I bolI meM kartA eka vacana meM pratipAdika hI pada ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA hai tathA bahavacanasUcaka rUpima (Magphemes) jor3A jAtA hai| kartA kI koI vizeSa vibhakti nahIM hotii| mAravAr3I ke udAharaNa dRSTavya haiM (i) choro roTI khA ryo hai / (ii) chorA roTI khA ryA hai| ina vAkyoM meM 'choro' eka vacana meM hai, usakI (kartA) koI vibhakti nahIM hai / isI prakAra 'chorA' meM 'A' bahuvacana sUcaka hai, kintu kartA meM koI vibhakti nahIM hai / isa prakAra anya vibhaktiyoM ke udAharaNa bhI rAjasthAnI meM khoje jA sakate haiM, jinakA prayoga nahIM hotaa| vibhakti kI adarzana-pravRtti se prabhAvita hokara prAkRta-apabhraMza meM nipAta evaM parasargoM kA prayoga hone lagA thA / prAkRta vaiyAkaraNa puruSottama ne DA (18) aura Du (20) pratyayoM kA prayoga bahuvacana meM batalAyA hai / hemacandra ne bhI a, DaDa, Dulla ina pratyayoM kA prayoga saMjJA zabdoM ke sAtha batalAyA hai / 14 udAharaNa diyA hai 'maha kantaho ve dosaDA' (mere kanta ke do doSa haiN)| rAjasthAnI meM dosaDA, divahaDA, rukkhaDA, sandesaDA Adi prayoga Aja bhI hote haiN| strIliMga meM rAjasthAnI meM yaha pratyaya DI ho jAtA hai / lokagItoM meM 'goraDI' rUpa baha-prayukta hai| sarvanAma prAkRta ke sarvanAmoM kI saMkhyA apabhraMza meM na kevala kama huI hai, apitu unameM saralIkaraNa bhI huaa| hai| rAjasthAnI meM apabhraMza ke bahuta se sarvanAma yathAvat A gaye haiM athavA unameM bahuta kama parivartana huA hai| kucha udAharaNa dRSTavya haiM 'hauM manda buddhi NigguNu Niratthu / ' (bhavisayatta kahA 1/2) 'hau~ puNu jANami' (dohAkosa, 144) yahA~ maiM ke lie hara zabda prayukta huA hai| gujarAtI meM haM ke aneka prayoga milate haiN| rAjasthAnI meM sAhitya evaM bolacAla donoM meM isakA prayoga hotA hai| yathA 'hau~ UjAlisi AyaNA' (acaladAsa khIcI-rI vacanikA 14-5) 'hauM kosIsA kaMta' (14-6) 'haM pApI heklau, sujasa naha jANAM saaNmii|' 'hUM vedAM vAharu kisana' (pIradAna granthAvalI, pR0 51-53) 'haM pAThavI tINai tUa pAsi' (sadayavatsa vIraprabandha, 486) isI prakAra anya sarvanAmoM meM bhI sAmya dRSTigocara hotA hai| hemacandra ne 'kimaH kAIkavaNI vA' / / 367 / / sUtra dvArA kahA hai ki apabhraMza meM kim zabda ke sthAna para 'kAI' aura 'kavaNa' vikalpa se Adeza hote haiM / yathA

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rAjasthAnI bhASA meM prAkRta-apabhraMza ke prayoga 86 A COPTION MP 'kAI adhomuMha tujjhu' 'tAI pArAI kavaNa 'ghRNa' Adi rAjasthAnI ke boliyoM meM isake vividha prayoga milate haiN| yathA-DhUMDhAr3I meM 'kAI chai' mevAr3I meM 'kaMDa hai' tathA mAravAr3I meM 'kaI hao' Adi / sAhitya meM isake prayoga dekhe jA sakate haiM yathA-- 'tu kAI hiMgoli' 'tamhai kAMi mAnau ApaNA' (a0 khIcI0 rI0 ba0, 1-1-21.6) kavaNa ke yathAvata prayoga bhI dekhane ko milate haiM / yathA-- 'kavaNa vajra jheliyaI' 'kauNa siri vIja sahArai' (vahI. 24) boliyoM meM DhUMDhAr3I kA 'kUNa', mevAr3I aura mAravAr3I kA 'kaNa' apabhraMza 'kavaNa' ke hI rUpAntara haiM, jisakA hindI meM 'kauna' ho gayA hai| inakA vikAsa isa krama se haA pratIta hotA hai ka:puna:>ko uNa>kavuNa>kavaNa>kauNa>kuNa>kUNa>kauna / gujarAtI ke 'kema' 'ema' bhI sIdhe apabhraMza se Aye haiM / hemacandra ke 'kathaM-yathA-tathA thAderememeheghADitaH // 401 // sUtra ke anusAra apabhraMza meM kathaM, yathA, tathA ke 'thA' ko 'ema' aura 'ima' Adeza hote haiM / yathA 'kema sagappau duThTha diNu' gujarAtI ke 'kema che', 'ema che' Adi prayogoM meM yahI pravRtti dekhI jA sakatI hai / gujarAtI kA 'amheM' sarvanAma bhI apabhraMza ke amhe yA amhaI se AyA hai| rAjasthAnI ke uttama puruSa meM bahuvacana ke sarvanAma mhe, mhAM Adi bhI apabhraMza ke etad sadRza sarvanAmoM meM viparyaya se vikasita hue haiN| dhAturUpa rAjasthAnI bhASA kI aneka dhAtue~ prAkRta evaM apabhraMza se gRhIta haiN| yathA-kAr3haPage #6
Paruanmmarairmawesome ---mararerinarwarendramanALAJADAranMAADAALAJaatra a FORSC zrAmAnanda AegA vivhamiyaw.wwwmviravivartamatarmovie prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya bIhai jaMpai rAjasthAnI (DiMgalagIta) prAkRta hindI ghar3e (pR0 7) ghar3a banAtA hai jAce (21) jAMcaI mAMgatA hai khAMDe (37) khaNDai tor3atA hai ghArai (36) dhArai dhAratA hai bIhai (45) DaratA hai pUrai (47) pUrai pUrA karatA hai jaMpai (46) bolatA hai isa prakAra kI aneka kriyAe~ rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM khojI jA sakatI haiN| inake atirikta anya kriyAoM meM bhI sAmya dekhA jA sakatA hai| rAjasthAnI kA prayoga hai - 'kaMi kIdhau' yahAM kIdhau prAkRta kI kido (kRtaH) kA rUpAntara hai / DiMgala gIta hai 'kIdhau te kopa sAjhiyau kAnau / ' (vahI, pR0 3) kIdhau ke samAna dene ke artha meM 'dIdhau' kA prayoga bhI hotA hai| yathA-'rir3amala ne dIdhau teM raaj|' na kevala rAjasthAnI meM apitu sindha kI kacchI ke muhAvaroM meM bhI ina zabdoM kA prayoga hotA hai| yathA kAma kIdau bhlau| DAMr3a dIdI bhlau| rAjasthAnI meM na kevala vartamAna kAla kI kriyAoM meM, apitu bhaviSyat kAla kI kriyAoM meM bhI prAkRta evaM apabhraMza ke prayoga dRSTigocara hote haiM / hemacandra ne 'vayaMti-syasya saH' / / 388 / / sUtra dvArA nirdeza kiyA hai ki apabhraMza meM bhaviSyat artha meM 'ti' Adi meM 'sya' ke sthAna para 'sa' vikalpa se Adeza hotA hai / isake anusAra prAkRta kI kriyA hohii (bhaviSyati) apabhraMza meM hosai ho jAtI hai / ___ mAravAr3I aura DhUMDhArI ke hosI, jAsI, karasI evaM bahuvacana meM hAsyAM jAsyAM, karasyAM Adi rUpa apabhraMza ke hAsai jaise rUpoM se hI niSpanna haiN| rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM 'hoisauM' rUpa bhI milatA hai| ___to ADI hoisa' (acaladAsa khIcirI vacanikA 14,6) pUrvakAlika kriyArUpoM ke sambandha meM hemacandra ne kahA hai ki apabhraMza meM ktvA pratyaya ke sthAna para i, iDa aura ivi aura avi ye cAra Adeza hote haiM (436) / rAjasthAnI meM i ko chor3akara anya pratyaya vAle rUpa nahIM banate / i pratyaya se banane vAle rUpa apabhraMza ke anurUpa haiM / yathAapabhraMza rAjasthAnI 'jai puNa mAri marAhuM, 'jAi ne AUM' (to phira mArakara hI mareMge) (jAkara aura AU~gA) 'melhI kari' (chor3a kara) isI i vAle kari se hindI meM kara pratyaya jar3A hai| yathA-khAkara, jAkara, Adi / / parA

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rAjasthAnI bhASA meM prAkRta-apabhraMza se prayoga 61 isake atirikta rAjasthAnI kI dhAtuoM ke bahata se zabda apabhraMza zabdasamUha se hI Aye haiN| udAharaNa ke lie cholanA kriyA ko liyA jA sakatA hai| cholanA kriyA kA sambandha saMskRta ke kisI rUpa se nahIM jor3A jA sktaa| jabaki janabhASA apabhraMza meM 'cholanA' isI rUpa meM prayukta hotA thaa| hemacandra ke 'takSyAdInAM chollAdayaH // 365 // sUtra ke anusAra takSi Adi dhAtuoM ko cholla Adi Adeza hote haiN| yathA 'jai sasi chollijjantu' (yadi candra ko chIlA jAtA) mevAr3I evaM mAravAr3I meM cholanA isI artha meM prayukta kriyA hai|16 ziSTa hindI meM yahI chIlanA ho gayA hai| zabda-samUha rAjasthAnI bhASA meM uparyukta prAkRta evaM apabhraMza ke tatvoM ke atirikta aneka aise zabda prayukta hote haiM, jo kiMcita dhvani-parivartanoM ke sAtha prAkRta evaM apabhraMza se grahaNa kara lie gaye haiM / avyaya, taddhita evaM saMkhyAvAcI kucha aise zabdoM kI nimna tAlikA se yaha pravRtti adhika spaSTa ho jAtI hai : yathAAgalojaugaha >jaughara>jauhara>jauhara / 'acaladAsa khIcI rI vacanikA' meM 'jauhara' zabda prayukta bhI haA hai| kintu rAjasthAnI ke anya granthoM meM isake lie 'jamahara' zabda kA prayoga huA hai (hammIrAyaNa 262, 273 aadi)| 'jamahara' yamagRha-mRtyu kA bodhaka hai| ata: jauhara isI zabda kA apabhraMza mAnanA cAhie / taba usakA vikAsa-krama isa prakAra hogA yamagRha >jamagRha jamaghara>jamahara>jaMbahara>jauhara>jauhara / 17 pailoPage #8
AcAryapravI zrAAnandagrantha zrAAnandAgranthaH prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya womanmomvivarwavimirmwoman.avir www.in 12 RATE 128 bArAM