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________________ 'pramANa mImAMsA" Abhyantara svarUpa prastuta grantha pramANa mImAMsA kA ThIka-ThIka aura vAstavika paricaya pAne ke lie yaha anivArya rUpa se jarUrI hai ki usake Abhyantara aura bAhya svarUpa kA spaSTa vizleSaNa kiyA jAe tathA jaina tarka sAhitya meM aura taddvArA tArkika darzana sAhitya meM pramANa mImAMsA kA kyA sthAna hai, yaha bhI dekhA jAe / prAcArya ne jisa dRSTi ko lekara pramANa mImAMsA kA praNayana kiyA hai aura usameM pramANa, pramAtA, prameya Adi jina tattvoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai usa dRSTi aura una tattvoM ke hArda kA spaSTIkaraNa karanA yahI grantha ke Abhyantara svarUpa kA varNana hai / isake vAste yahA~ nIce likhe cAra mukhya muddoM para tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAtA hai (1) jaina dRSTi kA svarUpa (2) jaina dRSTi kI aparivartiSNutA (3) pramANazakti kI maryAdA (4) prameya pradeza kA vistAra / 1. jaina dRSTi kA svarUpa ____ bhAratIya darzana mukhyatayA do vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita ho jAte haiM / kucha to haiM vAstavavAdI aura kucha haiM avaastvvaadii| jo sthUla arthAt laukika pramANagamya jagata ko bhI vaisA hI vAstavika mAnate haiM jaisA sUkSma lokottara pramANagamya jagata ko arthAt jinake matAnusAra vyAvahArika aura pAramArthika satya meM koI bheda nahIM, satya saba eka koTi kA hai cAhe mAtrA nyUnAdhika ho arthAt jinake matAnusAra bhAna cAhe nyUnAdhika aura spaSTa aspaSTa ho para pramANa mAtra meM bhAsita honevAle sabhI svarUpa vAstavika haiM tathA jinake matAnusAra vAstavika rUpa bhI vANI prakAzya ho sakate hai-ve darzana vAstavavAdI haiN| inheM vidhimukha, idamitthaMvAdI yA evaMvAdI bhI kaha sakate haiM-jaise cArvAka, nyAya-vaizeSika, pUrvamImAMsA, sAMkhyayoga, vaibhASikasautrAntika bauddha aura mAdhvAdi vedAnta / jinake matAnusAra bAhya dRzya jagata mithyA hai aura Antarika jagata ho parama 1 AcArya hemacandra kRta 'pramANa mImAMsA' kI prastAvanA, I0 1636 /
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________________ 350 jaina dharma aura darzana satya hai; arthAt jo darzana satya ke vyAvahArika aura pAramArthika athavA sAMvRtika aura vAstavika aise do bheda karake laukika pramANagamya aura vANIprakAzya bhAva ko avAstavika mAnate haiM, ve avAstavavAdI haiN| inheM niSedhamukha yA anevAdI bhI kaha sakate haiN| jaise zUnyavAdI-vijJAnavAdI bauddha aura zAMkaravedAnta zrAdi drshn| prakRti se anekAntavAdI hote hue bhI jaina dRSTi kA svarUpa ekAntataH vAstavavAdI hI hai kyoMki usake matAnusAra bhI indriyajanya matijJAna Adi meM bhAsita honevAle bhAvoM ke satyatva kA vahI sthAna hai jo pAramArthika kevalajJAna meM bhAsita honevAle bhAvoM ke satyatva kA sthAna hai arthAt jaina matAnusAra donoM satya kI mAtrA meM antara hai, yogyatA va guNa meM nhiiN| kevala zAna meM dravya aura unake ananya paryAya jisa yathArthatA se jisa rUpa se bhAsita hote haiM usI yathArthatA aura usI rUpa se kucha dravya aura unake kucha hI paryAya matijJAna Adi meM bhI bhAsita ho sakate haiN| isI se jaina darzana aneka sUkSmatama bhAvoM kI anirvacanIyatA ko mAnatA huA bhI nirvacanIya bhAvoM ko yathArtha mAnatA hai, jaba ki zUnyavAdI aura zAMkara vedAMta Adi aisA nahIM maante| 2. jaina dRSTi kI aparivartiSNutA jaina dRSTi kA jo vAstavavAditva svarUpa Upara batAyA gayA vaha itihAsa ke prAraMbha se aba taka eka hI rUpa meM rahA hai yA usameM kabhI kisI ke dvArA thor3A bahuta parivartana huA hai, yaha eka bar3e mahatva kA prazna hai| isake sAtha hI dUsarA prazna yaha hotA hai ki agara jaina dRSTi sadA eka sI sthitizIla rahI aura bauddha vedAnta dRSTi kI taraha usameM parivartana yA cintana vikAsa nahIM huA to isakA kyA kAraNa ? bhagavAna mahAvIra kA pUrva samaya jaba se thor3A bahuta bhI jaina paramparA kA itihAsa pAyA jAtA hai taba se lekara Ajataka jaina dRSTi kA vAstavavAditya svarUpa bilakula aparivartiSNu yA dhruva hI rahA hai / jaisA ki nyAya-vaizeSika, pUrva mImAMsaka, sAMkhya yoga Adi darzanoM kA bhI vAstavavAditva aparivartiSNu rahA hai / vezaka nyAya vaizeSika Adi ukta darzanoM kI taraha jaina darzana ke sAhitya meM bhI pramANa prameya Adi saba padArthoM kI vyAkhyAoM meM lakSaNa praNayana meM aura unakI upapatti meM uttarottara sUkSma aura sUkSmatara vikAsa tathA spaSTatA huI hai, yahA~ taka ki navya nyAya ke pariSkAra kA Azraya lekara bhI yazovijayajI jaise jaina vidvAnoM ne vyAkhyA evaM lakSaNoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai phira bhI isa sAre aitihAsika samaya meM jaina
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________________ jaina dRSTi kI aparivartiSNutA 351 dRSTi ke vAstavavAditva svarUpa meM eka aMza bhI pharka nahI par3A hai jaisA ki bauddha aura vedAMta paraMparA meM hama pAte haiM / bauddha paraMparA zurU meM vAstavavAdI hI rahI para mahAyAna kI vijJAnavAdI aura zUnyavAdI zAkhA ne usameM AmUla parivartana kara DAlA / usakA vAstavavAditva aikAntika vAstavavAditva meM badala gayA / yahI hai bauddha paraMparA kA dRSTi parivartana | vedAntaparaMparA meM bhI aisA hI huA / upaniSadoM aura brahmasUtra meM jo vAstavavAditva ke aspaSTa bIja the aura jo vAstavavAditva ke spaSTa sUcana the una saba kA ekamAtra avAstavavAditva artha meM tAtparya batalAkara zaMkarAcArya ne vedAMta meM vAstavavAditva kI spaSTa sthApanA kI jisake Upara Age jAkara dRSTisRSTibAda Adi aneka rUpoM meM aura bhI dRSTi parivartana va vikAsa huA / isa taraha eka tarapha bauddha aura vedAnta do paraMparAoM kI dRSTi parivartiSNutA aura bAkI ke saba darzanoM kI dRSTi aparivartiSNutA hameM isa bheda ke kAraNoM kI khoja kI ora prerita karatI hai / sthUla jagata ko satya yA vyAvahArika satya mAnakara usase bhinna AMtarika jagata ko hI parama satya mAnanevAle vAstavavAda kA udgama sirpha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba ki vizleSaNa kriyA kI parAkASThA AtyantikatA ho yA samanvaya kI parAkASThA ho / hama dekhate haiM ki yaha yogyatA bauddha paraMparA aura vedAnta paraMparA ke sivAya anya kisI dArzanika paraMparA meM nahIM hai / buddha ne pratyeka sthUla sUkSma bhAva kA vizleSaNa yahA~ taka kiyA ki usameM koI sthAyI dravya jaisA tattva zeSa na rahA / upaniSadoM meM bhI saba bhedoM kA vividhatAoM kA samanvaya eka brahma - sthira tattva meM vizrAnta huA / bhagavAna buddha ke vizleSaNa ko Age jAkara unake sUkSmaprajJa ziSyoM ne yahA~ taka vistRta kiyA ki anta meM vyavahAra meM upayogI honevAle akhaNDa dravya yA dravya bheda sarvathA nAma zeSa ho gae / kSaNika kintu anirvacanIya parama satya hI zeSa rhaa| dUsarI ora zaMkarAcArya ne aupaniSada parama brahma kI samanvaya bhAvanA ko yahA~ taka vistRta kiyA ki anta meM bhedapradhAna vyavahAra jagata nAmazeSa yA mAyika hI hokara rahA / bezaka nAgArjuna aura zakarAcArya jaise aikAntika vizleSaNakArI yA aikAntika samanvayakartA na hote to ina donoM paraMparAoM meM vyAvahArika aura paramasatya ke bheda kA AviSkAra na hotA / phira bhI hameM bhUlanA na cAhie ki vAstavavAdI dRSTi kI yogyatA bauddha aura vedAMta paraMparA kI bhUmikA meM hI nihita rahI jo nyAya vaizeSika Adi vAstavavAdI darzanoM kI bhUmikA meM bilakula nahIM hai / nyAya vaizeSika, mImAMsaka aura sAMkhya- yoga darzana kevala vizlehI nahIM karate balki samanvaya bhI karate haiM / unameM vizleSaNa aura samanvaya
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________________ 352 jaina dharma aura darzana donoM kA samaprAdhAnya tathA samAna balatva hone ke kAraNa donoM meM se koI eka hI satya nahIM hai ataeva una darzanoM meM avAstavavAda ke praveza kI na yogyatA hai aura na saMbhava hI hai / ataeva unameM nAgArjuna zaMkarAcArya Adi jaise aneka sUkSmaprajJa vicAraka hote hue bhI ve darzana vAstavavAdI hI rahe / yahI sthiti jaina darzana kI bhI hai / jaina darzana dravya dravya ke bIca vizleSaNa karate-karate aMta meM sUkSmatama paryAyoM ke vizleSaNa taka pahu~catA hai sahI, para yaha vizleSaNa ke aMtima pariNAma svarUpa paryAyoM ko vAstavika mAnakara bhI dravya kI vAstavikatA kA parityAga bauddha darzana kI taraha nahIM krtaa| isa taraha vaha paryAyoM aura dravyoM kA samanvaya karate karate eka sat tattva taka pahu~catA hai aura usakI vAstavikatA ko svIkAra karake bhI vizleSaNa ke pariNAma svarUpa dravya bhedoM aura paryAyoM kI vAstavikatA kA parityAga, bahAvAdI darzana kI taraha nahIM krtaa| kyoMki vaha paryAyArthika aura dravyArthika donoM dRSTiyoM ko sApekSa bhAva se tulyabala aura samAna satya mAnatA hai / yahI sababa hai ki usameM bhI na bauddha paraMparA kI taraha zrAtyantika vizleSaNa huA aura na vedAnta paraMparA kI taraha Atyantika samanvaya / isase jaina dRSTi kA vAstavavAditya svarUpa sthira hI rahA / 3. pramANa zakti kI maryAdA vizva kyA vastu hai, vaha kaisA hai, usameM kauna-se-kauna-se aura kaise-kaise tattva haiM, ityadi praznoM kA uttara tatva cintakoM ne eka hI prakAra kA nahIM diyA / isakA sababa yahI hai ki isa uttara kA AdhAra pramANa kI zakti para nirbhara hai aura tattvaciMtakoM meM pramANa kI zakti ke bAre meM nAnA mata haiN| bhAratIya tattvaciMtakoM kA pramANa zakti ke tAratamya saMbaMdhI matabheda saMkSepa meM pA~ca pakSoM meM vibhakta ho jAtA hai--- 1 indriyAdhipatya, 2 anindriyAdhipatya, 3 ubhayAdhipatya, 4 aAgamAdhipatya, 5 pramANopaplava / 1-jisa pakSa kA maMtavya yaha hai ki pramANa kI sArI zakti indriyoM ke Upara hI avalambita hai, mana khuda indriyoM kA anugamana kara sakatA hai para vaha indriyoM kI madada ke sivAya kahIM bhI arthAt jahA~ indriyoM kI pahuMca na ho vahA~ kabhI pravRtta hokara saccA jJAna paidA kara hI nahIM sktaa| sacce jJAna kA agara saMbhava hai to indriyoM ke dvArA hI, vaha indriyAdhipatya pakSa / isa pakSa meM cArvAka darzana hI samAviSTa hai| yaha nahIM ki cArvAka anumAna yA zabdavyavahAra rUpa aAgama Adi pramANoM ko jo pratidina sarvasiddha vyavahAra kI vastu hai, use na mAnanA ho phira bhI cArvAka
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________________ 22 pramANa kI maryAdA 353 apane ko pratyakSamAtravAdI kahatA hai; isakA artha itanA hI hai ki anumAna, zabda zrAdi koI bhI laukika pramANa kyoM na ho para usakA prAmANya indriyapratyakSa ke sivAya kabhI saMbhava nhiiN| arthAt indriya pratyaca se bAdhita nahIM aisA koI bhI jJAnavyApAra agara pramANa kahA jAe to isameM cArvAka ko Apatti nhiiN| 2-anindriya ke aMtaHkaraNa-mana, citta aura AtmA aise tIna artha phalita hote haiM, jinameM se cittarUpa anindriya kA Adhipatya mAnanevAlA anindriyAdhipatya pakSa hai / isa pakSa meM vijJAnavAda, zUnyavAda aura zAMkaravedAMta kA samAveza hai| isa pakSa ke anusAra yathArtha jJAna kA saMbhava vizuddha citta ke dvArA hI mAnA jAtA hai| yaha pakSa indriyoM kI satyajJAnajanana zakti kA sarvathA inkAra karatA hai aura kahatA hai ji indriyA~ vAstavika jJAna karAne meM paMgu hI nahIM balki dhokhebAja bhI avazya hai| isake maMtavya kA niSkarSa itanA hI hai ki citta, khAsakara dhyAnazuddhasAttvika citta se bAdhita yA usakA saMvAda prApta na kara sakanevAlA koI jJAna pramANa ho hI nahIM sakatA cAhe vaha bhale hI lokavyavahAra meM pramANa rUpa se mAnA jAtA ho| 3-ubhayAdhipatya pakSa vaha hai jo cArvAka kI taraha indriyoM ko hI saba kucha mAnakara indriya nirapekSa mana kA asAmarthya svIkAra nahIM karatA aura na indriyoM ko paMgu yA dhokhebAja mAnakara kevala anindriya yA citta kA hI sAmarthya svIkAra karatA hai| yaha pakSa mAnatA hai ki cAhe mana kI madada se hI sahI para indriyA~ guNasampanna ho sakatI haiM aura vAstavika jJAna paidA kara sakatI haiN| isI taraha yaha mAnatA hai ki indriyoM kI madada jahA~ nahIM hai vahA~ bhI anindriya yathArtha jJAna kara sakatA hai| isI se ise ubhayAdhipatya pakSa kahA hai| isameM sAMkhya-yoga, nyAyavaizeSika, mImAMsaka, Adi darzanoM kA samAveza hai / sAMkhya-yoga indriyoM kA sAdaguNya mAnakara bhI aMtaHkaraNa kI svataMtra yathArtha zakti mAnatA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika Adi bhI mana kI vaisI hI zakti mAnate haiM para pharka yaha hai ki sAMkhyayoga AtmA kA svataMtra pramANa sAmarthya nahIM mAnate kyoMki ve pramANa sAmarthya buddhi meM hI mAnakara puruSa yA cetana ko niratizaya mAnate haiM / jaba ki nyAya-vaizeSika cAhe Izvara ke AsmA kA hI sahI para AtmA kA svataMtra pramANasAmarthya mAnate haiM / arthAt ve zarIra-mana kA abhAva hone para bhI Izvara meM jJAnazakti mAnate haiN| vaibhASika aura sautrAMtika bhI isI pakSa ke aMtargata hai / kyoMki ve bhI indriya aura mana donoM kA pramANasAmarthya mAnate hai / 4-aAgamAdhipatya pakSa vaha hai jo kisI na kisI viSaya meM Agama ke sivAya
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________________ 354 jaina dharma aura darzana kisI indriya yA anindriya kA pramANasAmarthya svIkAra nahIM karatA / yaha pakSa kevala pUrva mImAMsaka kA hI hai / yadyapi vaha anya viSayoM meM sAMkhyayogAdi kI taraha ubhayAdhipatya pakSa kA hI anugAmI hai / phira bhI dharma aura adharma ina do viSayoM meM vaha zrAgama mAtra kA hI sAmarthya mAnatA hai / yadyapi vedAMta ke anusAra brahma ke viSaya meM Agama kA hI prAdhAnya hai phira bhI vaha zrAgamAdhipatya pakSa meM isalie nahIM A sakatA ki brahma ke viSaya meM dhyAnazuddha aMtaHkaraNa kA bhI sAmarthya use mAnya hai / 5 - pramANopaplava pakSa vaha hai jo indriya, anindriya yA zrAgama kisI kA sadguNya yA sAmarthya svIkAra nahIM krtaa| vaha mAnatA hai ki aisA koI sAdhana guNasampanna hai hI nahIM jo abAdhita jJAna kI zakti rakhatA ho / sabhI sAdhana usake mana se paMgu yA vipralaMbhaka haiM / isakA anugAmI tattvopapavAdI kahalAtA hai jo grAkhirI hada kA cArvAka hI hai / yaha pakSa jayarAzikRta tattvopallava meM spaSTatayA pratipAdita huA hai / ukta pAMca meM se tIsarA ubhayAdhipatya pakSa hI jainadarzana kA hai kyoMki vaha jisa taraha iMdriyoM kA svataMtra sAmarthya mAnatA hai usI taraha vaha anindriya arthAt mana aura AtmA donoM kA alaga-alaga bhI svataMtra sAmarthya mAnatA hai / AtmA ke svataMtra sAmarthya ke viSaya meM nyAya-vaizeSika Adi ke maMtavya se jaina darzana ke maMtavya meM pharka yaha hai ki jaina darzana sabhI AtmAoM kA svataMtra pramANasAmarthya vaisA hI mAnatA hai jaisA nyAya Adi Izvara mAtra kA / jainadarzana pramANopallava pakSa kA nirAkaraNa isalie karatA hai ki use pramANasAmarthyaM avazya iSTa hai / vaha vijJAna, zUnya aura brahma ina tInoM vAdoM kA nirAsa isalie karatA hai ki use indriyoM kA pramANasAmarthya bhI mAnya hai / vaha zrAgamAdhipatya pakSa kA bhI virodhI hai so isalie ki use dharmAdharma ke viSaya meM anindriya arthAt mana aura AtmA donoM kA pramANasAmarthya iSTa hai / 4 - prameyapradeza kA vistAra jaisI pramANazakti kI maryAdA vaisA hI prameya kA kSetra vistAra, ataeva mAtra iMdriya sAmarthya mAnane vAle cAvAMka ke sAmane sirpha skUla yA dRzya vizva kA hI prameya kSetra rahA, jo eka yA dUsare rUpa meM anindriya pramANa kA sAmarthya mAnane vAloM kI dRSTi meM anekadhA vistIrNa huA / anindriyasAmarthyavAdI koI kyoM na ho para sabako sthUla vizva ke alAvA eka sUkSma vizva bhI najara AyA / sUkSma vizva kA darzana una satrakA barAbara hone para bhI unakI apanI judI-judI kalpa
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________________ prameyaviSayakavAda 355 nAtroM ke tathA paraMparAgata bhinna bhinna kalpanAoM ke AdhAra para sUkSma prameya ke kSetra meM bhI aneka mata va sampradAya sthira hue jinako hama ati saMkSepa meM do. vibhAgoM meM bA~Takara samajha sakate haiN| eka vibhAga to vaha jisameM jar3a aura cetana donoM prakAra ke sUkSma tatvoM ko mAnanevAloM kA samAveza hotA hai| dUsarA vaha jisameM kevala cetana yA caitanya rUpa hI sUkSma tattva ko mAnanevAloM kA samAveza hotA hai / pAzcAtya tattvajJAna kI apekSA bhAratIya tattvajJAna meM yaha eka dhyAna dene yogya bheda hai ki isameM sUkSma prameya tattva mAnanevAlA abhI taka koI aisA nahIM huzrA jo sthUla bhautika vizva kI taha meM eka mAtra sUkSma jar3a tattva hI mAnatA ho aura sUkSma jagata meM cetana tatva kA astitva hI na mAnatA ho| isake viruddha bhArata meM aise tattvajJa hote Ae haiM jo sthUla vizva ke aMtastala meM eka mAtra cetana tattva kA sUkSma jagata mAnate haiM / isI artha meM bhArata ko caitanyavAdI samajhanA cAhie / bhAratIya tattvajJAna ke sAtha punarjanma, karmavAda aura baMdha-moza kI dhArmika yA AcaraNalakSI kalpanA bhI milI huI hai jo sUkSma vizva mAnane vAle sabhI ko nirvivAda mAnya hai aura sabhI ne apane 2 tattvajJAna ke DhAMce ke anusAra cetana tattva ke sAtha usakA mela biThAyA hai / ina sUkSamatattvadarzI paramparAoM meM mukhyatayA cAra bAda aise dekhe jAte haiM jinake balapara usa usa paraMparA ke prAcAryoM ne sthUla aura sUkSma vizva kA saMbaMdha batalAyA hai yA kAryakaraNa kA mela biThAyA hai | ve vAda ye haiM-1 AraMbhavAda, 2 pariNAmavAda, 3 pratItyasamutpAdavAda, 4 vivartavAda / ArambhavAda ke saMkSepa meM cAra lakSaNa haiM-1-paraspara bhinna aise anaMta mUla kAraNoM kA svIkAra, 2-kArya kAraNa kA AtyaMtika bheda 3-kAraNa nitya ho yA anitya para kAryotpatti meM usakA apariNAmI hI rahanA, 4-apUrva arthAt utpati ke pahale asat aise kArya kI utpatti yA kiJcitkAlIna sattA / pariNAmavAda ke lakSaNa ThIka prAraMbhavAda se ulaTe haiM-1 eka hI mUla kAraNa kA svIkAra 2-kAryakAraNa kA vAstavika abheda, 3-nitya kAraNa kA bhI pariNAmI hokara hI rahanA tathA pravRtta honA 4-kArya mAtra kA apaneapane kAraNa meM aura saba kAryoM kA mUla kAraNa meM tInoM kAla meM astitva arthAt apUrva vastu kI utpatti kA sarvathA inkAra / __pratItyasamutpAdavAda ke tIna lakSaNa haiM--1-kAraNa aura kArya kA zrAtyatika bheda, 2-kisI bhI nitya yA pariNAmIkAraNa kA sarvathA asvIkAra, 3-- prathama se asat aise kAryamAtra kA utpAda / vivartavAda ke tIna lakSaNa ye haiM-1-kisI eka pAramArthika satya kAsvI kAra
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________________ jaina dharma aura darzana jo na utpAdaka hai aura na pariNAmI, 2-sthala yA sUkSma bhAsamAna jagat kI utpatti kA yA use pariNAma mAnane kA sarvathA niSedha, 3-sthUla jagat kA avAstavika yA kAlpanika astitva arthAt mAyika mAsa mAtra / 1 ArambhavAda . isakA maMtavya yaha hai ki paramANu rUpa anaMta sUkSma tattva jude-jude haiM jinake pArasparika saMbaMdhoM se sthUla bhautika jagata kA nayA hI nirmANa hotA hai jo phira sarvathA naSTa bhI hotA hai| isake anusAra ve sUkSma AraMbhaka tattva anAdi nidhana haiM, apariNAmI haiN| agara pheraphAra hotA hai to unake guNadharmoM meM hI hotA hai| isa vAda ne sthUla bhautika jagata kA saMbaMdha sUkSma bhUta ke sAtha lagAkara phira sUkSma cetana tattva kA bhI astitva mAnA hai| usane paraspara bhinna aise anaMta cetana tatva mAne jo anAdinidhana evaM apariNAmI hI haiN| isa bAda ne jaise sUkSma bhata tattvoM ko ApariNAmI hI mAnakara unameM utpanna naSTa hone vAle guNa dharmoM ke astitva kI alaga kalpanA kI vaise hI cetana tattvoM ko apariNAmI mAnakara bhI unameM utpAda vinAzazAlI guNa-dharmoM kA alaga hI astitva svIkAra kiyA hai| isa mata ke anusAra sthUla bhautika vizva kA sUkSma bhUta ke sAtha to upAdAnopAdeya bhAva saMbaMdha hai para sUkSma cetana tattva ke sAtha sirpha saMyoga saMbaMdha hai / 2 pariNAmavAda . isake mukhya do bheda haiM (a) pradhAnapariNAmavAda aura (ba) brahma pariNAmavAda / (a) pradhAnapariNAmavAda ke anusAra sthUla vizva ke aMtastala meM eka sUkSma pradhAna nAmaka aisA tattva hai jo jude-jude anaMta paramANurUpa na hokara unase bhI sUkSmatama svarUpa meM akhaNDa rUpa se vartamAna hai aura jo khuda hI paramANuoM kI taraha apariNAmI na rahakara anAdi anaMta hote hue bhI nAnA pariNAmoM meM pariNata hotA rahatA hai / isa vAda ke anusAra sthUla bhautika vizva yaha sUkSma pradhAna tatva ke dRzya pariNAmoM ke sivAya aura kucha nhiiN| isa bAda meM paramANuvAda kI taraha sUkSma tattva apariNAmI rahakara usameM sthUla bhautika vizva kA nayA nirmANa nahIM hotA / para vaha sUkSma pradhAna tattva jo svayaM paramANu kI taraha jar3a hI hai, nAnA dRzya bhautika rUpa meM badalatA rahatA hai| isa pradhAna pariNAmavAda ne sthala vizva kA sUcama para jar3a aise eka mAtra pradhAna tattva ke sAtha abheda saMbaMdha lagAkara sUkSma jagat meM cetana tattvoM kA bhI astitva svIkAra kiyaa| isa bAda ke cetana tattva prAraMbhavAda kI taraha anaMta hI haiM para pharka donoM kA yaha hai ki AraMbhavAda ke cetana tattva apariNAmI hote hue bhI utpAda vinAza vAle guNa-dharma yukta haiM jaba ki pradhAna pariNAmavAda ke cetana tattva aise guNadharmoM
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________________ pratItyasamutpAdakAda se yukta nhiiN| ve svayaM bhI kUTastha hone se apariNAmI haiM aura nirdharmaka hone se kisI utpAda-vinAzazAlI guNadharma ko bhI dhAraNa nahIM karate / usakA kahanA yaha hai ki utpAda-vinAza vAle guNadharma jaba sUkSma bhata meM dekhe jAte haiM tatra sUkSma cetana kucha vilakSaNa hI honA cAhie / agara sUkSma cetana cetana hokara bhI baise guNa-dharma yukta hoM taba jar3a sUkSma se unakA vailakSaNya kyA rahA ? ataeva vaha kahatA hai ki agara sUkSma cetana kA astitva mAnanA hI hai taba to sUkSma bhUta kI apekSA vilakSaNatA lAne ke lie unheM na kevala nirmaka hI mAnanA ucita hai balki apariNAmI bhI mAnanA jarUrI hai| isa taraha pradhAna pariNAmavAda meM cetana tatva pAe para ve nirmaka aura apariNAmI hI mAne ge| (ba) brahmapariNAmavAda jo pradhAnapariNAmavAda kA hI vikasita rUpa jAna par3atA hai usane yaha to mAna liyA ki sthala vizva ke mUla meM koI sUkSma tattva hai jo sthala vizva kA kAraNa hai| para usane kahA ki aisA sUkSma kAraNa jar3a pradhAna tatva mAnakara usase bhinna sUkSma cetana tattva bhI mAnanA aura vaha bhI aisA ki jo ajAgalastana kI taraha sarvathA akiJcitkara so yukti saMgata nhiiN| usane pradhAnavAda meM cetana tatva ke astitva kI anupayogitA ko hI nahIM dekhA balki cetana tattva me anaMta saMkhyA kI kalpanA ko bhI anAvazyaka smjhaa| isI samajha se usane sUkSma jagat kI kalpanA aisI kI jisase sthUla jagata kI racanA bhI ghaTa sake aura akiJcitkara aise anaMta cetana tattvoM kI niSprayojana kalpanA kA - doSa bhI na rahe / isI se isa vAda ne sthUla vizva ke aMtastala meM jar3a cetana aise paraspara virodhI do tattva na mAnakara kevala eka brahma nAmaka cetana tattva hI svIkAra kiyA aura usakA pradhAna pariNAma kI taraha pariNAma mAna liyA jisase usI eka cetana brahma tattva meM se dUsare jar3a cetanamaya sthUla vizva kA AvirbhAva-tirobhAva ghaTa sake / pradhAna pariNAmavAda aura brahma pariNAmavAda meM pharka itanA hI hai ki pahale meM jar3a pariNAmI hI hai aura cetana apariNAmI hI hai jaba dUsare meM aMtima sUkSma tattva eka mAtra cetana hI hai jo svayaM hI pariNAmI hai aura usI cetana meM se Age ke jar3a cetana aise do pariNAma pravAha cle| 3-pratItyasamutpAdavAda yaha bhI sthUla bhUta ke nIce jar3a aura cetana aise do sUkSma tattvaM mAnatA hai jo kramazaH rUpa aura nAma kahalAte haiN| isa vAda ke jar3a aura cetana donoM sakSma tattva paramANurUpa haiM, zrAraMbhavAda kI taraha kevala jar3a tattva hI paramANu rUpa nhiiN| isa vAda meM paramANu kA svIkAra hote hue
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________________ 358 jaina dharma aura darzana bhI usakA svarUpa prAraMbhavAda ke paramANu se bilakula bhinna mAnA gayA hai| AraMbhavAda meM paramANu apariNAmI hote hue bhI unameM guNadharmoM kI udivinAza paraMparA alaga mAnI jAtI hai| jaba ki yaha pratItyasamutpAdavAda usa guNadharmoM kI utpAdavinAza paraMparA ko hI apane mata meM viziSTa rUpa se DhAlakara usake AdhArabhata sthAyI paramANu dravyoM ko bilakula nahIM maantaa| isI taraha cetana tattva ke viSaya meM bhI yaha vAda kahatA hai ki sthAyI aise eka yA aneka koI cetana tattva nahIM / yadyapi sUkSma jar3a utpAdavinAzazAlI paraMparA kI taraha dUsarI caitanya rUpa utpAdavinAzazAlI paraMparA bhI mUla meM jar3a se bhinna hI sUkSma jagata meM vidyamAna hai jisakA koI sthAyI AdhAra nhiiN| isa vAda ke paramANu isalie paramANu kahalAte haiM ki ve sabase atisakSma aura avibhAjya mAtra haiN| para isa lie paramANu nahIM kahalAte ki ve koI avibhAjya sthAyI dravya hoN| yaha vAda kahatA hai ki guNadharma rahita kUTastha cetana tattva jaise anupayogI hai vaise hI guNadhamoM kA utpAdavinAza mAna lene para usake AdhAra rUpa se phira sthAyI dravya kI kalpanA karanA bhI nirarthaka hai| ataeva isa vAda ke anusAra sUkSma jagata meM do dhArAe~ phalita hotI haiM jo paraspara bilakula bhinna hokara bhI eka dUsare ke asara se khAlI nahIM / pradhAna pariNAma yA brahma pariNAmavAda se isa vAda meM pharka yaha hai ki isameM ukta donoM vAdoM kI taraha kisI bhI sthAyI dravya kA astitva nahIM mAnA jaataa| aisA zaMku yA kIlaka sthAnIya sthAyI dravya na hote hue bhI pUrva pariNAma kSaNa kA yaha svabhAva hai ki vaha naSTa hote-hote dUsare pariNAma kSaNa ko paidA karatA hI jAegA arthAt uttara pariNAma kSaNa vinAzonmukha pUrva pariNAma ke astitvamAtra ke Azraya se Apa hI Apa nirAdhAra utpanna ho jAtA hai| isI mAnyatA ke kAraNa yaha pratItyasamutpAdavAda kahalAtA hai| vastutaH pratItyasamutpAdavAda paramANu vAda bhI hai aura pariNAmavAda bhii| phira bhI tAttvika rUpa meM vaha donoM se bhinna hai| 4-vivartavAda-vivartavAda ke mukhya do bheda -- vivartavAda ke mukhya do bheda haiM--(a) nitya brahma vivarta aura (ba) kSaNika vijJAna vivarta | donoM vivartavAda ke anusAra sthala vizva yaha nirA bhAsamAtra yA kalpanA mAtra hai jo mAyA yA vAsanAjanita hai / vivartavAda kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jagat yA vizva koI aisI vastu nahIM ho sakatI jisameM bAhya aura Antarika yA sthala aura sUkSma tattva alaga-alaga aura khaNDita hoN| vizva meM jo kucha vAstavika satya ho sakatA hai vaha eka hI ho sakatA hai kyoMki vizva vastutaH akhaNDa aura
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________________ prameyaviSayakavAda 356 avibhAjya hI hai / aisI dazA meM jo bAhyatva-zrAntaratva, hRsvatva-dIrghatva, dUratvasamIpatva Adi dharma-dvandva mAlUma hote haiM ve mAtra kAlpanika haiM / ataeva isa vAda ke anusAra loka siddha sthUla vizva kevala kAlpanika aura prAtibhAsika satya hai / pAramArthika satya usakI taha meM nihita hai jo vizuddha dhyAnagamya hone ke kAraNa apane asalI svarUpa meM prAkRtajanoM ke dvArA grAhya nhiiN| nyAya vaizeSika aura pUrva mImAMsaka AraMbhavAdI haiN| pradhAna pariNAmavAda sAMkhyayoga aura caraka kA hai / brahma pariNAmavAda ke samarthaka bhartRprapaJca Adi prAcIna vedAMtI aura Adhunika ballabhAcArya haiN| pratItyasamutpAdavAda bauddhoM kA hai aura vivartavAda ke samarthaka zAMkara vedAntI, vijJAnavAdI aura zUnyavAdI haiN| Upara jina vAdoM kA varNana kiyA hai unake upAdAnarUpa vicAroM kA aitihAsika krama saMbhavataH aisA jAna par3atA hai-zurU meM vAstavika kAryakAraNabhAva kI khoja jar3a jagata taka hI rahI / vahIM taka baha parimita rahA / kramazaH sthUla ke usa pAra cetana tattva kI zodha-kalpanA hote hI dRzya aura jar3a jagata meM prathama se hI siddha usa kArya kAraNa bhAva kI pariNAminityatArUpa se cetana tattva taka pahu~ca huI / cetana bhI jar3a kI taraha agara pariNAminitya ho to phira donoM meM aMtara hI kyA rahA ? isa prazna ne phira cetana ko kAyama rakhakara usameM kUTastha nityatA mAnane kI ora tathA pariNAminityatA yA kAryakAraNabhAva ko jar3a jagata taka hI parimita rakhane kI ora vicArakoM ko prerita kiyaa| cetana meM mAnI jAnevAlI kUTastha nityatA kA parIkSaNa phira zurU huaa| jisameM se aMtatogatvA kevala kUTastha nityatA hI nahIM balki jar3a jagata kI pariNAminityatA bhI lupta hokara mAtra pariNamana dhArA hI zeSa rhii| isa prakAra eka tarapha Atyatika vizleSaNa ne mAtra pariNAma yA kSaNikatva vicAra ko janma diyA taba dUsarI ora AtyaMtika samanvaya buddhi ne caitanyamAtra pAramArthika vAda ko janmAyA / samanvaya buddhi ne aMta meM caitanya taka pahu~ca kara socA ki jaba sarvavyApaka caitanya tattva hai taba usase bhinna jar3a tattva kI vAstavikatA kyoM mAnI jAe ? aura jaba koI jar3a tattva alaga nahIM taba vaha dRzyamAna pariNamana-dhArA bhI vAstavika kyoM ? isa vicAra ne sAre bhed aura jar3a jagata ko mAtra kAlpanika manavAkara pAramArthika caitanyamAtravAda kI sthApanA kraaii| ukta vicAra krama ke sopAna isa taraha rakhe jA sakate haiM1-jar3amAtra meM pariNAminityatA / 2--jar3a cetana donoM meM pariNAminityatA /
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________________ 360 jaina dharma aura darzana 3. ar3a meM pariNAmi nityatA aura cetana meM kUTastha nityatA kA viveka / 4---(a) kUTastha aura pariNAmi donoM nisyatA kA lopa aura mAtra pariNAma pravAha kI stytaa| (ba) kevala kUTastha caitanya kI hI yA caitanya mAtra kI satyatA aura tadbhinna saba kI kAlpanikatA yA asatyatA / jaina paraMparA dRzya vizva ke alAvA paraspara atyaMta bhinna aise jar3a aura cetana ananta sakSma tattvoM ko mAnatI hai / vaha sthUla jagata ko sUkSma jar3a tattvoM kA hI kArya yA rUpAntara mAnatI hai| jaina paraMparA ke sakSma jar3a tattva paramANu rUpa haiM / para ve AraMbhavAda ke paramANu ko apekSA atyaMta sUkSma mAne gae haiM / paramANuvAdI hokara bhI jaina darzana pariNAmavAda kI taraha paramANutroM ko pariNAmI mAnakara sthala jagata ko unhIM kA rUpAntara yA pariNAma mAnatA hai / vastutaH jaina darzana pariNAmavAdI hai| para sAMkhyayoga tathA prAcIna vedAnta Adi ke pariNAmavAda se jaina pariNAmavAda kA khAsa antara hai / vaha antara yaha hai ki sAMkhyayoga kA pariNAmabAda cetana tattva se aspRSTa hone ke kAraNa jar3a taka hI parimita hai aura bhartRprapaJca Adi kA pariNAmavAda mAtra cetanatatvasparzI hai| jaba ki jaina pariNAmavAda jar3acetana, sthUla-sUcama samagra vastusparzI hai / ataeva jaina pariNAmavAda ko sarvavyApaka pariNAmavAda samajhanA caahie| bhartRprapaJca kA pariNAmavAda bhI sarvavyApaka kahA jA sakatA hai phira bhI usake aura jaina ke pariNAmavAda meM antara yaha hai ki bhartRprapaJca kA 'sarva' cetana brahma mAtra hai, tadbhinna aura kucha nahIM jaba ki jaina kA sarva ananta jar3a aura cetana tattvoM kA hai| isa taraha prAraMbha aura pariNAma donoM vAdoM kA jaina darzana meM vyApaka rUpa meM pUrA sthAna tathA samanvaya hai| para usameM pratItyasamutpAda tathA vivartavAda kA koI sthAna nahIM hai / vastu mAtra ko pariNAmI nitya aura samAna rUpa se vAstavika satya mAnane ke kAraNa jaina darzana pratItyasamutpAda tathA vivartavAda kA sarvathA virodha hI karatA hai jaisA ki nyAyavaizeSika sAMkhya-yoga Adi bhI karate haiN| nyAya-vaizeSika sAMkhyayoga Adi kI taraha jaina darzana cetana bahutvavAdI hai sahI, para usake cetana tatva aneka dRSTi se bhinna svarUpa vAle haiN| jainadazana, nyAya, sAMkhya Adi kI taraha cetana ko na sarvavyApaka dravya mAnatA hai aura na viziSTAdvaita zrAdi kI taraha aNumAtra hI mAnatA hai aura na bauddha darzana kI taraha jJAna kI nidravyakadhArAmAtra / jainAbhimata samagra cetana tattva madhyama parimANavAle aura saMkocavistArazIla hone ke kAraNa isa viSaya meM jar3a dravyoM se atyanta vilakSaNa nahIM / nyAya-vaizeSika aura yoga darzana mAnate haiM ki Atmatva yA cetanatva samAna hone
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________________ pramANamImAMsA kA bAhyarUpa 361 para bhI jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA ke bIca maulika bheda hai arthAt jIvAtmA kabhI 'paramAtmA yA Izvara nahIM aura paramAtmA sadA se hI paramAtmA yA Izvara hai kabhI jIva-baMdhanavAna nahIM hotaa| jaina darzana isase bilakula ulTA mAnatA hai jaisA ki vedAnta Adi mAnate haiN| vaha kahatA hai ki jIvAtmA aura Izvara kA koI sahaja meda nahIM / saba jIvAtmAoM meM paramAtmazakti eka sI hai jo sAdhana pAkara vyakta ho sakatI hai aura hotI bhI hai | alabattA jaina aura vedAMta kA isa viSaya meM itanA antara avazya hai ki vedAnta eka paramAtmavAdI hai jaba jainadarzana cetana bahutvavAdI hone ke kAraNa tAttvikarUpa se bahuparamAtmavAdI hai| jaina paraMparA ke tattvapratipAdaka prAcIna, arvAcIna, prAkRta, saMskRta koI bhI graMtha kyoM na hoM para una saba meM nirUpaNa aura vargIkaraNa prakAra bhinna-bhinna hone para bhI pratipAdaka dRSTi aura pratipAdya prameya, pramAtA Adi kA svarUpa vahI hai jo saMkSepa meM Upara spaSTa kiyA gayA / 'pramANa mImAMsA' bhI usI jaina dRSTi se unhIM jaina mAnyatAoM kA hArda apane DhaMga se pragaTa karatI hai / 2---bAhyasvarUpa prastuta 'pramANa mImAMsA' ke bAhyasvarUpa kA paricaya nimnalikhita muddoM ke varNana se ho sakegA-zailI, vibhAga, parimANa aura bhASA / pramANa mImAMsA sUtrazailI kA grantha hai / vaha kaNAda sUtroM yA tattvArtha sUtroM kI taraha na daza adhyAyoM meM hai aura na jaiminIya sUtroM kI taraha bAraha adhyAyoM meM / bAdarAyaNa sUtroM kI taraha cAra adhyAya bhI nahIM aura pAtaJjala sUtroM kI taraha cArapAda hI nahIM / vaha akSapAda ke sUtroM kI taraha pA~ca adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai aura pratyeka adhyAya kaNAda yA akSapAda ke adhyAya kI taraha do do bAhikoM meM vibhakta hai| hemacandra ne apane jude-jude viSaya ke graMthoM meM vibhAga ke jude-jude krama kA avalambana karake apane samaya taka meM prasiddha saMskRta vAGmaya ke pratiSThita sabhI zAkhAoM ke granthoM ke vibhAgakrama ko apane sAhitya meM apanAyA hai| kisI meM unhoMne zradhyAya aura pAda kA vibhAga rakhA, kahIM adhyAya mAtra kA aura kahIM parva, sarga. kANDa Adi kA / pramANa mImAMsA tarka graMtha hone ke kAraNa usameM unhoMne akSapAda ke prasiddha nyAyasUtroM ke adhyAya-Ahnika kA hI vibhAga rakhA, jo hemacaMdra ke pUrva akalaMka ne jaina vAGmaya meM zurU kiyA thA / pramANa mImAMsA pUrNa upalabdha nahIM / usake mUla sUtra bhI utane hI milate haiM jitanoM kI vRtti labhya hai| ataeva agara unhoMne saba mUla sUtra race bhI hoM
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________________ 362 . jaina dharma aura darzana taba bhI patA nahIM cala sakatA hai ki unakI kula saMkhyA kitanI hogii| upalabdha sUtra sau hI haiM aura utane hI sUtroM kI vRtti bhI hai| aMtima upalabdha 2-135 kI vRtti pUrI hone ke bAda eka nae sUtra kA utthAna unhoMne zurU kiyA hai aura usa adhUre utthAna meM hI khaNDita labhya graMtha pUrNa ho jAtA hai| mAlUma nahIM ki isake Age kitane sUtroM se vaha Ahnika pUrA hotA ? jo kucha ho para upalabdha graMtha do adhyAya tIna Ahnika mAtra hai jo svopajJa vRtti sahita hI hai| yaha kahane kI to jarUrata hI nahIM ki pramANa mImAMsA kisa bhASA meM hai, para usakI bhASA viSayaka yogyatA ke bAre meM thor3A jAna lenA jarUrI hai| isameM saMdeha nahIM ki jaina vAGmaya meM saMskRta bhASA ke praveza ke bAda uttarottara saMskRta bhASA kA vaizAradya aura prAJjala lekhapATava bar3hatA hI pA rahA thA phira bhI hemacaMdra kA lekha-vaizAradya, kama se kama jaina vAGmaya meM to mUrdhanya sthAna rakhatA hai| vaiyAkaraNa, AlaMkArika, kavi aura koSakAra rUpa se hemacaMdra kA sthAna na kevala. samagra jaina paraMparA meM balki bhAratIya vidvatparaMparA meM bhI asAdhAraNa rahA / yahI unakI aptAdhAraNatA aura vyavahAradakSatA pramANa-mImAMsA kI bhASA va racanA meM spaSTa hotI hai| bhASA unakI vAcaspati mizra kI taraha napI-tulI aura zabdA.. Dambara zUnya sahaja prasanna hai / varNana meM na utanA saMkSepa hai jisase vaktavya aspaSTa rahe aura na itanA vistAra hai jisase graMtha kevala zobhA kI vastu banA rahe / 3-jaina tarka sAhitya meM pramANa mImAMsA kA sthAna jaina tarka sAhitya meM pramANa mImAMsA kA sthAna kyA hai, ise samajhane ke lie jaina sAhitya ke parivartana yA vikAsa saMbaMdhI yugoM kA aitihAsika avalokana karanA jarUrI hai| aise yuga saMkSepa meM tIna haiM-1-aAgamayuga, 2-saMskRta praveza yA anekAMtasthApana yuga, 3-nyAya-pramANa sthApana yuga / / pahalA yuga bhagavAna mahAvIra yA unake pUrvavartI bhAgavAn pArzvanAtha se lekara Agama saMkalanA-vikramIya paMcama-SaSTha zatAbdI taka kA karIba hajAra bAraha sau varSa kA hai| dUsarA yuga karIba do zatAbdiyoM kA hai jo karIba vikramIya chaThI zatAbdI se zurU hokara sAtavIM zatAbdI taka meM pUrNa hotA hai| tIsarA yuga vikramIya AThavIM zatAbdI se lekara aThArahavIM zatAbdI taka karIba eka hajAra varSa kA hai| sAMpradAyika saMgharSa aura dArzanika tathA dUsarI vividha vidyAoM ke vikAsa
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________________ jainasAhitya ke yuga 363 vistAra ke prabhAva ke sababa se jaina paraMparA kI sAhitya kI aMtarmukha yA bahirmukha pravRtti meM kitanA hI yugAMtara jaisA svarUpa bheda yA parivartana kyoM na huA para jaisAhamane pahale sUcita kiyA hai vaisA hI atha se iti taka dekhane para bhI hameM na jaina dRSTi meM parivartana mAlUma hotA hai aura na usake bAhya - AbhyaMtara tAttvika maMtavyoM meM / -Agama yuga isa yuga meM bhASA kI dRSTi se prAkRta yA loka bhASAoM kI hI pratiSThA rahI jisase saMskRta bhASA aura usake vAGmaya ke parizIlana kI ora AtyaMtika upekSA honA sahaja thA jaisA ki bauddha paraMparA meM bhI thA / isa yuga kA prameya nirUpaNa zrAcAralakSI hone ke kAraNa usameM mukhyatayA svamata pradarzana kA hI bhAva hai / rAjasabhAoM aura itara vAdagoSThiyoM meM vijaya bhAvanA se prerita hokara zAstrArtha karane kI tathA khaNDanapradhAna graMthanirmANa kI pravRtti kA bhI isa yuga meM abhAva sA hai / isa yuga kA pradhAna lakSaNa jar3a-cetana ke bheda-prabhedoM kA vistRta varNana tathA ahiMsA, saMyama, tapa Adi AcAroM kA nirUpaNa karanA hai / nAgamayuga aura saMskRta yuga ke sAhitya kA pArasparika aMtara saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki pahile yuga kA jaina sAhitya bauddha sAhitya kI taraha apane mUla uddezya ke anusAra lokabhogya hI rahA hai / jaba ki saMskRta bhASA aura usameM nibaddha tarka sAhitya ke adhyayana kI vyApaka pravRtti ke bAda usakA nirUpaNa sUkSma aura vizada hotA gayA hai sahI para sAtha hI sAtha vaha itanA jaTila bhI hotA gyaa| ki aMta meM saMskRta kAlIna sAhitya lokabhogyatA ke mUla uddezya se cyuta hokara kevala vidvadbhagya hI banatA gayA / 2- saMskRta praveza yA anekAntasthApana yuga saMbhavataH vAcaka umAsvAti yA tatsadRza anya AcAryoM ke dvArA jaina vAGmaya meM saMskRta bhASA kA praveza hote hI dUsare yuga kA parivartanakArI lakSaNa zurU hotA hai jo bauddha paraMparA meM to aneka zatAbdI pahile hI zurU ho gayA thaa| isa yuga meM saMskRta bhASA ke abhyAsa kI tathA usameM graMthapraNayana kI pratiSThA sthira hotI hai| isameM rAjasabhA praveza, paravAdiyoM ke sAtha vAdagoSThI aura paramata khaMDana kI pradhAna dRSTi se svamatasthApaka graMthoM kI racanA - ye pradhAnatayA najara Ate haiN| isa yuga meM siddhasena jaise eka Ava AcArya ne jaina-nyAya kI vyavasthA darzAne vAlA eka zrama graMtha bhale hI racA ho para tra taka isa yuga meM
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________________ 264 jaina dharma aura darzana jaina nyAya yA pramANazAstroM kI na to pUrI vyavasthA huI jAna par3atI hai aura na tadviSayaka tArkika sAhitya kA nirmANa hI dekhA jAtA hai| isa yuga ke jaina tArkikoM kI pravRtti kI pradhAna dizA dArzanika kSetroM meM eka aise jaina maMtavya kI sthApanA kI ora rahI hai jisake trikhare hue aura kucha spaSTa aspaSTa cIja zrAgama meM rahe aura jo maMtavya Age jAkara bhAratayI sabhI darzana paraMparA meM eka mAtra jaina paraMparA kA hI samajhA jAne lagA tathA jisa maMtavya ke nAma para Aja taka sAre jaina darzana kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai, vaha maMtavya hai anekAMtavAda kA / dUsare yuga meM siddhasena ho yA samaMtabhadra, mallabAdI ho yA jinabhadra sabhI ne darzanAMtaroM ke sAmane apane jainamata kI anekAMta dRSTi tArkika zailI se tathA paramata khaMDana ke abhiprAya se isa taraha rakhI hai ki jisase isa yuga ko anekAMtasthApana yuga hI kahanA samucita hogA / hama dekhate haiM ki ukta AcAryoM ke pUrvavartI kisI ke prAkRta yA saMskRta graMtha meM na to vaisI anekAMta kI tArkika sthApanA hai aura na anekAMta mUlaka saptabhaMgI aura nayabAda kA vaisA tArkika vizleSaNa haiM, jaisA hama sammati, dvAtriMzatdvAtriMzikA, nyAyAvatAra svayaMbhUstotra, AptamImAMsA, yuktyanuzAsana, nayacakra aura vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM pAte haiN| isa yuga ke tarka - darzana niSNAta jaina zrAcAryoM ne nayavAda, saptabhaMgI aura anekAMtavAda kI prabala aura spaSTa sthApanA kI aura itanA adhika puruSArtha kiyA ki jisake kAraNa jaina aura jainetara paraMparAoM meM jaina darzana anekAntadarzana ke nAma se hI pratiSThita huA / bauddha tathA brAhmaNa dArzanika paNDitoM kA lakSya anekAMtakhaNDana kI ora gayA tathA ve kisI na kisI prakAra se apane graMthoM meM mAtra anekAMta yA samabhaMgI kA khaNDana karake ho jaina darzana ke maMtavyoM ke khaNDana kI itizrI samajhane lage / isa yuga kI anekAMta aura tanmUlaka vAdoM kI sthApanA itanI gaharI huI ki jisa para uttaravartI aneka jainAcAyoM ne anekadhA pallavana kiyA hai phira bhI usameM naI maulika yuktiyoM kA zAyada hI samAveza huA hai / do sau varSa ke isa yuga kI sAhityika pravRtti meM jainanyAya aura pramANazAstra kI pUrva bhUmikA to taiyAra huI jAna par3atI hai para isameM usa zAstra kA vyavasthita nirmANa dekhA nahIM jAtA / isa yuga kI paramatoM ke sayuktika khaNDana aura darzanAMtarIya samartha vidvAnoM ke sAmane svamata ke pratiSThita sthApana kI bhAvanA ne jaina paraMparA meM saMskRta bhASA ke tathA saMskRtanibaddha darzanAMtarIya pratiSThita graMthoM ke parizIlana kI prabala jijJAsA paidA kara dI aura usI ne samartha jaina AcAryo kA lakSya apane nijI nyAya tathA pramANazAstra ke nirmANa kI ora khIMcA jisakI kamI bahuta hI khara rahI thI /
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________________ jainasAhitya ke yuga 3- nyAya-pramANa sthApana yuga usI paristhiti meM se kalaMka jaise dhuraMdhara vyavasthApaka kA janma huA / sambhavataH akalaMka ne hI pahale pahala socA ki jaina paraMparA ke jJAna, jJeya, jJAtA Adi sabhI padArthoM kA nirUpaNa tArkika zailI se saMskRta bhASA meM vaisA hI zAstrabaddha karanA Avazyaka hai jaisA brAhmaNa aura bauddha paraMparA ke sAhitya meM bahuta pahale se ho gayA hai aura jisakA adhyayana anivArya rUpa se jaina tArkika karane lage haiM / isa vicAra se kalaGka ne dvimukhI pravRtti zurU kii| eka to bauddha aura brAhmaNa paraMparA ke mahattvapUrNa granthoM kA sUkSma parizIlana aura dUsarI ora samasta jaina maMtavyoM kA tArkika vizleSaNa / kevala paramatoM ko nirAsa karane hI se kalaGka kA uddezya siddha nahIM ho sakatA thA / zrataeva darzanAMtarIya zAstroM ke sUkSma parizIlana meM se aura jainamata ke talasparzI jJAna se unhoMne choTe-choTe para samasta jaina tarka pramANa ke zAstra ke AdhArastambhabhUta aneka nyAya pramANa viSayaka prakaraNa race jo diGnAga aura khAsakara dharmakIrti jaise bauddha tArkikoM ke tathA udyotakara, kumArila Adi jaise brAhmaraNa tArkikoM ke prabhAva se bhare hue hone para bhI jaina maMtavyoM kI bilakula nae sire aura svataMtra bhAva se sthApanA karate haiM / kalaMka ne nyAya pramANazAstra kA jaina paraMparA meM jo prAthamika nirmANa kiyA, jo paribhASAe~, jo lakSaNa va parikSaNa kiyA, jo pramANa, prameya Adi kA vargIkaraNa kiyA aura parArthAnumAna tathA vAdakathA yadi paramata prasiddha vastutroM ke saMbaMdha meM jo jaina-praNAlI sthira kI, saMkSepa meM aba taka meM jaina paraMparA meM nahIM para anya paraMparAoM meM prasiddha aise tarkazAstra ke aneka padArthoM ko jainadRSTi se jaina paraMparA meM jo sAtmIbhAva kiyA tathA zrAgamasiddha apane maMtavyoM ko jisa taraha dArzanikoM ke sAmane rakhane yogya banAyA, vaha saba choTe-choTe graMthoM meM vidyamAna unake asAdhAraNa vyaktitva kA tathA nyAya pramANa sthApana yuga kA dyotaka hai| kalaGka ke dvArA prArabdha isa yuga meM sAkSAt yA paraMparA se akalaGka ke ziSya-praziSyoM ne hI unake sUtra sthAnIya graMthoM ko bar3e-bar3e TIkA graMthoM se vaise hI alaMkRta kiyA jaise dharmakIrti ke graMthoM ko unake ziSyoM ne I 365 anekAMta yuga kI mAtra padyapradhAna racanA ko kalaGka ne gadya-padya meM parivartita kiyA thA para unake uttaravartI anugAmiyoM ne usa racanA ko nAnA rUpoM meM parivartita kiyA, jo rUpa bauddha aura brAhmaNa paraMparA meM pratiSThita ho cuke the / mANikyanaMdI kalaGka ke hI vicAra dohana meM se sUtroM kA nirmANa karate haiM /
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________________ 366 jaina dharma aura darzana vidyAnaMda akalaGka ke hI sUktoM para yA to bhASya racate haiM yA padyavArtika banAte haiM yA dUsare choTe 2 aneka prakaraNa banAte haiM / anantavIrya, prabhAcandra aura vAdirAja jaise to akalaGka ke saMkSipta sUktoM para itane bar3e aura vizada tathA jaTila bhASya va vivaraNa kara DAlate haiM ki jisase taba taka meM vikasita darzanAMtarIya vicAra paraMparAoM kA eka taraha se jaina vAGmaya meM samAveza ho jAtA hai| dUsarI tarapha zvetAmbara paraMparA ke prAcAya bhI usI akalaGka sthApita praNAlI kI ora jhukate haiN| haribhadra jaise Agamika aura tArkika granthakAra ne to siddhasena aura samaMtabhadra Adi ke mArga kA pradhAnatayA anekAMtajayapatAkA Adi meM anusaraNa kiyA para dhIre 2 nyAya-pramANa viSayaka svataMtra grantha praNayana kI pravRtti bhI zvetAmbara paraMparA meM zurU huii| zvetAmbara prAcArya siddhasena ne nyAyAvatAra racA thaa| para vaha nirA prArambha mAtra thA / akalaGka ne jaina nyAya kI sArI vyavasthA sthira kara dii| haribhadra ne darzanAMtarIya saba vArtAtroM kA samuccaya bhI kara diyA / isa bhUmikA ko lekara zAMtyAcArya jaise zvetAmbAra tArkika ne tarkavArtika jaisA choTA kintu sAragarbha grantha rcaa| isake bAda to zvetAmbara paraMparA meM nyAya aura pramANa granthoM ke saMgraha kA, parizIlana kA aura nae nae grantha nirmANa kA aisA pUra pAyA ki mAnoM samAja meM taba taka aisA koI pratiSThita vidvAn hI na samajhA jAne lagA jisane saMskRta bhASA meM khAsa kara tarka yA pramANa para mUla yA TIkA rUpa se kucha na kucha likhA na ho| isa bhAvanA meM se hI abhayadeva kA vAdArNava taiyAra huzrA jo saMbhavataH taba taka ke jaina saMskRta granthoM meM saba se bar3A hai| para jaina paraMparA poSaka gujarAta gata sAmAjika-rAjakIya sabhI baloM kA saba se adhika upayoga vAdideva sUri ne kiyaa| unhoMne apane graMtha kA syAdvAdaratnAkara yathArtha hI nAma rakhA / kyoMki unhoMne apane samaya taka meM prasiddha sabhI zvetAmbara-digambaroM ke tArkika vicAroM kA dohana apane graMtha meM rakha diyA jo syAdvAda hI thaa| sAtha hI unhoMne apanI jAnIva se brAhmaNa aura bauddha paraMparA kI kisI bhI zAkhA ke maMtavyoM kI vistRta carcA apane graMtha meM na chodd'ii| cAhe vistAra ke kAraNa vaha graMtha pAThya rahA na ho para tarka zAstra ke nirmANa meM aura vistRta nirmANa meM pratiSThA mAnanevAle jainamata kI badaulata eka ratnAkara jaisA samagra maMtavyaratnoM kA saMgraha bana gayA jo na kevala tattvajJAna kI dRSTi se hI upayogI hai para aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI bar3e mahattva kA hai| Agamika sAhitya ke prAcIna aura ati vizAla khajAne ke uparAMta tattvArtha se lekara syAdvAdaratnAkara taka ke saMskRta va tArkika jaina sAhitya kI bhI bahuta bar3I rAzi hemacandra ke parizIlana patha meM AI jisase hemacandra kA sarvAGgINa
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 367 sarjaka vyaktitva saMtuSTa hone ke bajAya eka aise nae sarjana kI ora pravRtta huA jo taba taka ke jaina vAGmaya meM pUrva sthAna rakha sake / diGnAga ke nyAyamukha, nyAyapraveza Adi se prerita hokara siddhasena ne jaina paraMparA meM nyAya- parArthAnumAna kA avatAra kara hI diyA thaa| samaMtabhadra ne akSapAda ke prAcAdukoM (adhyAya caturtha ) ke matanirAsa kI taraha zrAsa kI mImAMsA ke bahAne saptabhaMgI kI sthApanA meM parapravAdiyoM kA nirAsa kara hI diyA thA / tathA unhoMne jainetara zAsanoM se jaina zAsana kI vizeSa sayuktikatA kA anuzAsana bhI yuktyanuzAsana meM kara hI diyA thaa| dharmakIrti ke pramANavArtika, pramANavinizcaya zrAdi se bala pAkara tIkSNa dRSTi kalaGka ne jaina nyAya kA vizeSanizcayavyavasthApana tathA jaina pramANoM kA saMgraha arthAt vibhAga, lakSaNa zrAdi dvArA nirUpaNa aneka' taraha se kara diyA thA / kalaGka ne sarvajJatva jIvatva Adi kI siddhi ke dvArA dharmakIrti jaise prAjJa bauddhoM ko javAba bhI diyA thA / sUkSmapraza vidyAnaMda ne kI, patra kI aura pramANoM kI parIkSA dvArA dharmakIrti kI tathA zAMtarakSita kI vividha parIkSAoM kA jaina paraMparA meM sUtrapAta bhI kara hI diyA thA / mANikyanaMdI ne parIkSAmukha ke dvArA nyAyaviMdu ke se sUtragraMtha kI kamI ko dUra kara hI diyA thA / jaise dharmakIrti ke anugAmI vinItadeva, dharmottara, prajJAkara, rca Adi prakhara tArkikoM ne unake sabhI mUla graMthoM para choTe-bar3e bhASya yA vivaraNa likhakara unake graMthoM ko paThanIya tathA vicAraNIya banAkara bauddha nyAyazAstra ko prakarSa kI bhUmikA para pahu~cAyA thA vaise hI eka tarapha se digambara paraMparA meM alaGka ke saMkSita para gahana sUktoM para unake anugAmI anaMtavIrya, vidyAnaMda, prabhAcaMdra aura vAdirAja jaise vizArada tathA puruSArthI tArkikoM ne vistRta va gaddana bhASya-vivaraNa Adi racakara jaina nyAya zAstra ko atisamRddha banAne kA silasilA bhI jArI kara hI diyA thA aura dUsarI tarapha se zvetAmbara paraMparA meM siddhasena ke saMskRta tathA prAkRta tarka prakaraNoM ko unake anugAmiyoM ne TIkAgraMthoM se bhUSita karake unheM vizeSa sugama tathA pracAraNIya banAne kA bhI prayatna isI yuga meM zurU kiyA thaa| isI silasile meM se prabhAcaMdra ke dvArA prameyoM ke kamala para mArtaNDa kA prakhara prakAza tathA nyAya ke kumudoM para caMdra kA saumya prakAza DAlA hI gayA thA / abhayadeva ke dvArA tattvabodhavidhAyinI TIkA yA vAdArNava racA jAkara tattvasaMgraha tathA pramANavArtikAlaMkAra jaise bar3e graMthoM ke prabhAva kI pUrti kI gaI thI / vAdideva ne ratnAkara racakara usameM sabhI pUrvavartI jainagraMtharatnoM kA pUrNatayA saMgraha kara diyA thA / yaha saba hemacaMdra ke sAmane thA / para unheM mAlUma huA ki usa nyAya pramANa viSayaka sAhitya meM kucha bhAga to aisA hai jo
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________________ 368 jaina dharma aura darzana ati mahattva kA hote hue bhI eka eka viSaya kI hI carcA karatA hai yA bahuta hI saMkSipta hai| dUsarA bhAga aisA hai ki jo hai to sarva viSaya saMgrAhI para vaha uttarottara itanA adhika vistRta tathA zabda kliSTa hai ki jo sarvasAdhAraNa ke abhyAsa kA viSaya bana nahIM sakatA / isa vicAra se hemacaMdra ne eka aisA pramANa viSayaka graMtha banAnA cAhA jo ki unake samaya taka carcita eka bhI dArzanika viSaya kI carcA se khAlI na rahe aura phira bhI vaha pAThyakrama yogya madhyama kada kA ho| isI dRSTi meM se pramANamImAMsA kA janma huaa| isameM hemacaMdra ne pUrvavartI AgamikatArkika sabhI jaina maMtathyoM ko vicAra va manana se pacAkara apane DhaMga kI vizada va punarukta sUtrazailI tathA sarvasaMgrAhiNI vizadatama svopajJavRtti meM sanniviSTa kiyA / yadyapi pUrvavartI aneka jaina graMthoM kA susambaddha dohana isa mImAMsA meM hai jo hindI TippaNiyoM meM kI gaI tulanA se spaSTa ho jAtA hai phira bhI usI adhUrI tulanA ke AdhAra se yahA~ yaha bhI kaha denA samucita hai ki prastuta graMtha ke nirmANa meM hemacaMdra ne pradhAnatayA kina kina graMthoM yA granthakAroM kA zrAzraya liyA hai / niyukti, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya tathA tattvArtha jaise Agamika grantha tathA siddhasena, samaMtabhadra, akalaGka, mANikyanaMdI aura vidyAnaMda ko prAyaH samasta kRtiyA~ isakI upAdana sAmagrI banI haiN| prabhAcaMdra ke mArtaNDa kA bhI isameM pUrA asara hai / agara anaMtavIrya sacamuca hemacaMdra ke pUrvavartI yA samakAlIna vRddha rahe hoMge to yaha bhI sunizcita hai ki isa grantha kI racanA meM unakI choTI sI prameyaratnamAlA kA vizeSa upayoga huA hai / vAdidevasUri kI kRti kA bhI upayoga isameM spaSTa hai phira bhI jaina tArkikoM meM se kalaMka aura mANikyanaMdI kA hI mArgAnugamana pradhAnatayA dekhA jAtA hai| upayukta jaina graMthoM meM Ae hue brAhmaNa bauddha graMthoM kA bhI upayoga ho jAnA svAbhAvika hI thA / phira bhI pramANa mImAMsA ke sUkSma avalokana tathA tulanAtmaka abhyAsa se yaha bhI patA cala jAtA hai ki hemacaMdra ne bauddha brAhmaNa paraMparA ke kina kina vidvAnoM kI kRtiyoM kA zravyayana va parizIlana vizeSarUpa se kiyA thA jo pramANa mImAMsA meM upayukta hunA ho / diGnAga, khAsakara dharmakIrti, dharmottara, zrarcaTa aura zAMtarakSita ye bauddha tArkika inake adhyayana ke viSaya avazya rahe haiM / karaNAda, bhAsarvajJa, vyomaziva, zrIdhara, akSapAda, vAtsyAyana, udyotakara, jayaMta, vAcaspati mizra, zabara, prabhAkara, kumArila Adi judI 2 vaidika paraMparAoM ke prasiddha vidvAnoM kI saba kRtiyA~ prAyaH inake adhyayana kI viSaya rahI / cArvAka ekadezIya jayarAzi bhaTTa kA tattvopaplava bhI inakI dRSTi ke bAhara nahIM thA / yaha saba hote hue bhI hemacandra kI bhASA tathA nirUpaNa zailI para dharmakIrti, dharmottara, arcaMTa, bhAsarvajJa, vAtsyAyana, jayaMta, vAcaspati, kumArila
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________________ 24 pramANazAstra ko dena ..366 Adi kA hI AkarSaka prabhAva par3A huAA jAna par3atA hai / ataeva yaha adhUre rUpa meM upalabdha pramANamImAMsA bhI aitihAsika dRSTi se jaina tarka sAhitya meM tathA bhAratIya darzana sAhitya meM eka viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai / bhAratIya pramANazAstra meM 'pramANa mImAMsA' kA sthAna bhAratIya pramANazAstra meM pramANa mImAMsA kA tattvajJAna kI dRSTi se kyA sthAna hai ise ThIka 2 samajhane ke lie mukhyatayA do praznoM para vicAra karanA hI hogA / jaina tArkikoM kI bhAratIya pramANazAstra ko kyA dena hai jo pramANa mImAMsA meM sanniviSTa huI ho aura jisako ki binA jAne kisI taraha bhAratIya pramANazAstra kA pUrA adhyayana ho hI nahIM sakatA / pUrvAcAryoM kI usa dena meM hemacandra ne apanI ora se bhI kucha vizeSa arpaNa kiyA hai yA nahIM aura kiyA hai to kina muddoM para ? (1) jainAcAryoM kI bhAratIya pramANazAstra ko dena 1- anekAMtavAda -- sabase pahalI aura sabase zreSTa saba denoM kI cAbI rUpa jainAcAryoM kI mukhya dena hai anekAMta tathA nayavAda kA zAstrIya nirUpaNa / tattva-ciMtana meM anekAMtadRSTi kA vyApaka upayoga karake jaina tArkikoM ne apane zrAgamika prameyoM tathA sarvasAdhAraNa nyAya ke prameyoM meM se jo-jo maMtavya tArkika dRSTi se sthira kiye aura pramANa zAstra meM jinakA nirUpaNa kiyA unameM se thor3e aise maMtavyoM kA bhI nirdeza udAharaNa ke taura para yahA~ kara denA jarUrI hai jo eka mAtra jaina tArkikoM kI vizeSatA darasAne vAle haiMpramANa vibhAga, pratyakSa kA tattvikatva, indriyajJAna kA vyApArakrama, parokSa ke prakAra, hetu kA rUpa, avayavoM kI prAyogika vyavasthA, kathA kA svarUpa, nigrahasthAna yA jayaparAjaya vyavasthA, prameya aura pramAtA kA svarUpa, sarvajJatvasamarthana Adi / 2 - pramANa vibhAga jaina paraMparA kA pramANaviSayaka mukhya vibhAga do dRSTiyoM se anya paraMparAoM use anyatra mudrita kiyA punarAvRtti nahIM kI gaI 1 'anekAMtavAda' kA isa prasaMga meM jo vistRta UhApoha kiyA gayA hai gayA hai| dekho pR0 161 - 173 / zrataH yahA~ usakI saMpAdaka / 2 - pramANa mImAMsA 1-1-10 tathA TippaNa pR0 16 paM0 26 /
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________________ jaina dharma aura darzana 370 kI apekSA vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai / eka to yaha ki aise sarvAnubhavasiddha vailakSaNya para mukhya vibhAga avalaMbita hai jisase eka vibhAga meM AnevAle pramANa dUsare vibhAga se saMkIrNa rUpa meM alaga ho jAte haiM- jaisA ki itara paraMparAoM ke pramANa vibhAga meM nahIM ho pAtA / dUsarI dRSTi yaha hai ki cAhe kisI darzana kI nyUna yA adhika pramANa saMkhyA kyoM na ho para vaha saba binA khIMcatAna ke isa vibhAga meM samA jAtI hai / koI bhI jJAna yA to sIdhe taura se sAkSAtkArAtmaka hotA hai yA sAkSAtkArAtmaka, yahI prAkRta-paMDitajana sAdhAraNa anubhava hai / isI anubhava ko sAmane rakhakara jaina cintakoM ne pramANa ke pratyakSa aura parokSa aise do mukhya vibhAga kiye jo eka dUsare se bilakula vilakSaNa haiM / dUsarI isakI yaha khUbI hai ki isameM na to cArvAka kI taraha parokSAnubhava kA apalApa hai, na bauddhadarzana saMmata pratyakSa anumAna dvaividhya kI taraha zrAgama zrAdi itara pramANa vyApAroM kA apalApa hai yA khIMcAtAnI se anumAna meM samAveza karanA par3atA hai aura na trividha pramANavAdI sAMkhya tathA prAcIna vaizeSika, caturvidha pramANavAdI naiyAyika, paMcavidha pramANavAdI prabhAkara, SaD vidha pramANavAdI mImAMsaka, saptavidha yA aSTavidha pramANavAdI paurANika Adi kI taraha apanI 2 zrabhimata pramANasaMkhyA ko sthira banAe rakhane ke lie itara saMkhyA kA apalApa yA use tor3a-maror3a karake apane meM samAveza karanA par3atA hai| cAhe jitane pramANa mAna lo para ve sIdhe taura para yA to pratyakSa hoMge yA parokSa | isI sAdI kintu upayogI samajha para jainoM kA mukhya pramANa vibhAga kAyama huA jAna par3atA hai / 3 - pratyakSa kA tAttvikatva --- pratyeka cintaka indriyajanya jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnatA hai / jaina dRSTi kA kahanA hai ki dUsare kisI bhI jJAna se pratyakSa kA hI sthAna U~cA va prAthamika hai / indriyAM jo parimita pradeza meM atisthUla vastuoM se Age jA nahIM sakatIM, unase paidA honevAle jJAna ko parokSa se U~cA sthAna denA indriyoM kA ati mUlya AMkane ke barAbara hai / indriyAM kitanI hI paTu kyoM na hoM, para ve antataH haiM to paratantra hI / ataeva paratantrajanita jJAna ko sarvazreSTha pratyakSa mAnane kI apekSA svatantrajanita jJAna ko hI pratyakSa mAnanA nyAyasaMgata hai / isI vicAra se jaina cintakoM ne usI jJAna ko vastutaH pratyakSa mAnA hai jo svatantra AtmA ke zrAzrita hai / yaha jaina vicAra tatvaciMtana meM maulika hai| aisA hote hue bhI lokasiddha pratyakSa ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahakara unhoMne anekAnta dRSTi kA upayoga kara diyA hai /
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________________ pramANazAstra ko dena 4 - indriya jJAna kA vyApArakrama sarva darzanoM meM eka yA dUsare rUpa meM thor3e yA bahuta parimANa meM jJAna vyApAra kA krama dekhA jAtA hai / isameM aindriyaka jJAna ke vyApAra krama kA bhI sthAna hai / parantu jaina paraMparA meM sannipAtarUpa prAthamika indriya vyApAra se lekara antima indriya vyApAra taka kA jisa vizleSaNa aura jisa spaSTatA ke sAtha anubhava siddha prativistRta varNana hai vaisA dUsare darzanoM meM nahIM dekhA jAtA / yaha jaina varNana hai to ati purAnA aura vijJAna yuga ke pahile kA, phira bhI Adhunika mAnasa zAstra tathA indiya - vyApArazAstra ke vaijJAnika abhyAsiyoM ke vAste yaha bahuta mahattva kA hai / 371 5 - parokSa ke prakAra kevala smRti, pratyabhijJAna aura zrAgama ke hI prAmANya - zraprAmANya mAnane meM matabhedoM kA jaMgala na thA; balki anumAna taka ke prAmANya zraprAmANya meM vipratipatti rahI / jaina tArkikoM ne dekhA ki pratyeka pakSakAra apane pakSa ko Atyantika khIMcane meM dUsare pakSakAra kA satya dekha nahIM pAtA / isa vicAra meM se unhoMne una saba prakAra ke jJAnoM ko pramANa koTi meM dAkhila kiyA jinake bala para vAstavika vyavahAra calatA hai aura jinameM se kisI eka kA apalApa karane para tulya yukti se dUsare kA apalApa karanA anivArya ho jAtA hai| aise sabhI pramANa prakAroM ko unhoMne parokSa meM DAlakara apanI samanvaya dRSTi kA paricaya karAyA' / 6 - hetu kA rUpa hetu ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM matabhedoM ke aneka akhAr3e kAyama ho gae the| isa yuga meM jaina tArkikoM ne yaha socA ki kyA hetu kA eka hI rUpa aisA mila sakatA hai yA nahIM jisa para satra matabhedoM kA samanvaya bhI ho sake aura jo vAstavika bhI ho| isa cintana meM se unhoMne hetu kA eka mAtra anyathAnupapatti rUpa nizcita kiyA jo usakA nirdoSa lakSaNa bhI ho sake aura saba matoM ke samanvaya ke sAtha jo sarvamAnya bhI ho| jahA~ taka dekhA gayA hai hetu ke aise eka mAtra tAttvika rUpa ke nizcita karane kA tathA usake dvArA tIna, cAra, pA~ca aura chaH, pUrva prasiddha hetu rUpoM ke yathAsaMbhava svIkAra kA zreya jaina tArkikoM ko hI hai / 1 pramANa mImAMsA 1-2-2
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________________ 372 jaina dharma aura darzana 7-avayavoM kI prAyogika vyavasthA--- parArthAnumAna ke avayavoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM bhI pratidvandvIbhAva pramANa kSetra meM kAyama ho gayA thA / jaina tArkikoM ne usa viSaya ke pakSabheda kI yathArthatAayathArthatA kA nirNaya zrotA kI yogyatA ke AdhAra para hI kiyA, jo vastutaH saccI kasauTI ho sakatI hai| isa kasauTI meM se unheM avayava prayogakI vyavasthA ThIka 2 sUjha AI jo vastutaH anekAnta dRSTimUlaka hokara sarva saMgrAhiNI hai aura vaisI spaSTa anya paramparAoM meM zAyada hI dekhI jAtI hai / 8-kathA kA svarUpa zrAdhyAtmikatA mizrita tattvaciMtana meM bhI sAmpradAyika buddhi dAkhila hote hI usameM se AdhyAtmikatA ke sAtha asaMgata aisI carcAe~ joroM se calane lagI, jinake phalasvarUpa jalpa aura vitaMDA kathA kA calAnA bhI pratiSThita samajhA jAne lagA jo chala, jAti Adi ke asatya dAva-pecoM para nirbhara thaa| jaina tArkika sAmpradAyikatA se mukta to na the, phira bhI unakI paraMparAgata ahiMsA va vItarAgatva kI prakRti ne unheM vaha asaMgati sujhAI jisase prerita hokara unhoMne apane tarkazAstra meM kathA kA eka vAdAtmaka rUpa hI sthira kiyA, jisameM chala Adi kisI bhI cAlabAjI kA prayoga vayaM hai aura jo eka mAtra tattva jijJAsA kI dRSTi se calAI jAtI hai| ahiMsA kI prAtyantika samarthaka jaina paraMparA kI taraha bauddha paraMparA bhI rahI, phira bhI chala Adi ke prayogoM meM hiMsA dekhakara niMdya ThaharAne kA tathA eka mAtra vAda kathA ko hI pratiSThita banAne kA mArga jaina tArkikoM ne prazasta kiyA, jisakI ora tattva-cintakoM kA lakSya jAnA jarUrI hai| ha-nigrahasthAna yA jayaparAjaya vyavasthA - vaidika aura bauddha paraMparA ke saMgharSa ne nigraha sthAna ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM vikAsasUcaka bar3I hI bhArI pragati siddha kI thii| phira bhI usa kSetra meM jaina tArkikoM ne praveza karate hI eka aisI naI bAta sujhAI jo nyAyavikAsa ke samagra itihAsa meM bar3e mArke kI aura aba taka sabase antima hai| vaha bAta hai jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA kA nayA nirmANa karane kI / vaha nayA nirmANa satya aura ahiMsA donoM tattvoM para pratiSThita huA jo pahale kI jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA meM na the| 10-prameya aura pramAtA kA svarUpa . prameya jar3a ho yA cetana, para satra kA svarUpa jaina tArkikoM ne anekAnta dRSTi .
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________________ pramANazAstra ko dena c. kA upayoga karake hI sthApita kiyA aura sarvavyApaka rUpa se kaha diyA ki vastu mAtra pariNAmI nitya hai / nityatA ke aikAntika graha kI dhuna meM anubhava siddha nityatA kA inakAra karane kI zakyatA dekhakara kucha tattva-ciMtaka guNa, dharma Adi meM anityatA ghaTAkara usakA jo mela nitya dravya ke sAtha khIMcAtAnI se biThA rahe the aura kucha tattvaciMtaka anityatA ke aikAntika graha kI dhuna meM anubhavasiddha nityatA ko bhI jo kalpanA mAtra batalA rahe the una donoM meM jaina tArkikoM ne spaSTatayA anubhava kI AMzika asaMgati dekhI aura pUre vizvAsa ke sAtha balapUrvaka pratipAdana kara diyA ki jaba anubhava na kevala nityatA kA hai aura na kevala anityatA kA, taba kisI eka aMza ko mAnakara dUsare aMza kA balAt mela baiThAne kI apekSA donoM aMzoM ko tulya satyarUpa meM svIkAra karanA hI nyAyasaMgata hai / isa pratipAdana meM dikhAI denevAle virodha kA parihAra unhoMne dravya aura paryAya yA sAmAnya aura vizeSa grAhiNI do dRSTiyoM ke spaSTa pRthakkaraNa se kara diyA / dravya paryAya kI vyApaka dRSTi kA yaha vikAsa jaina paramparA kI hI dena hai / 373 jIvAtmA, paramAtmA aura Izvara ke saMbandha meM sadguNa-vikAsa yA zrAcaraNasAphalya kI dRSTi se asaMgata aisI aneka kalpanAe~ tattva-ciMtana ke pradeza meM praca for thIM / eka mAtra paramAtmA hI hai yA usase bhinna aneka jIvAtmA cetana bhI haiM, para tattvataH ve sabhI kUTastha nirvikAra aura nirlepa hI haiM / o kucha doSa yA baMdhana hai vaha yA to nirA bhrAMti mAtra hai yA jar3a prakRti gata hai / isa matalaba kA tattvaciMtana eka ora thA dUsarI ora aisA bhI ciMtana thA jo kahatA ki caitanya to hai, usameM doSa, vAsanA Adi kA lagAva tathA usase alaga hone kI yogyatA bhI hai para usa caitanya kI pravAhabaddha dhArA meM koI sthira tattva nahIM hai / ina donoM prakAra ke tatvaciMtanoM meM sadguNa-vikAsa aura sadAcAra sAphalya kI saMgati saralatA se nahIM baiTha pAtI / vaiyaktika yA sAmUhika jIvana meM sadguNa vikAsa aura sadAcAra ke nirmANa ke sivAya aura kisI prakAra se sAmaMjasya jama nahIM sakatA / yaha socakara jaina ciMtakoM ne AtmA kA svarUpa aisA mAnA jisameM eka hI paramAtmazakti bhI rahe aura jisameM doSa, vAsanA Adi ke nivAraNa dvArA jIvana-zuddhi kI vAstavika javAbadehI bhI rahe / zrAtma-viSayaka jaina-ciMtana meM vAstavika paramAtma zakti yA Izvara-bhAva kA tulya rUpa se sthAna hai, anubhavasiddha zrAgantuka doSoM ke nivAraNArthaM tathA sahaja buddhi ke AvirbhAvArtha prayatna kA pUrA avakAza hai / isI vyavahAra - siddha buddhi meM se jIvabhedavAda tathA dehapramANavAda sthApita hue jo sammilita rUpa se ekamAtra jaina paraMparA meM hI haiM / -
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________________ 374 . jaina dharma aura darzana 11-sarvajJatva samarthana pramANa zAstra meM jaina sarvajJavAda do dRSTiyoM se apanA khAsa sthAna rakhatA hai| eka to yaha ki vaha jIva-sarvajJavAda hai jisameM hara koI adhikArI kI sarvajJatva pAne kI zakti mAnI gaI hai aura dUsarI dRSTi yaha hai ki jainapakSa nirapavAda rUpa se sarvazavAdI ho rahA hai jaisA ki na bauddha paraMparA meM huA hai aura na vaidika paraMparA meN| isa kAraNa se kAlpanika, akAlpanika, mizrita yAvat sarvajJatvasamarthaka yuktiyoM kA saMgraha akele jaina pramANazAstra meM hI mila jAtA hai| jo sarvajJatva ke saMbandha meM hue bhUtakAlIna bauddhika vyAyAma ke aitihAsika abhyAsiyoM ke tathA sAMpradAyika bhAvanAvAloM ke kAma kI cIja hai / 2. bhAratIya pramANa zAstra meM hemacandra kA arpaNa .. paraMparAprApta uparyukta tathA dUsare aneka choTe-bar3e tattvajJAna ke muddoM para hemacandra ne aisA koI viziSTa ciMtana kiyA hai yA nahIM aura kiyA hai to kisa 2 mudde para kisa prakAra hai jo jaina takazAstra ke alAvA bhAratIya pramANazAstra mAtra ko unakI dena kahI jA ske| isakA javAba hama 'pramANamImAMsA' ke hiMdI TippaNoM meM usa 2 sthAna para aitihAsika tathA tulanAtmaka dRSTi dvArA vistAra se de cuke haiN| jise duharAne kI koI jarUrata nhiiN| vizeSa jijJAsu usa usa mudde ke TippaNoM ko dekha leN|