Praman Lakshano ki Tarkik Parampara

Author(s): Sukhlal Sanghavi
Publisher: Z_Darshan_aur_Chintan_Part_1_2_002661.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229017/1

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pramANa lakSaNoMkI tArkika paramparA pramANasAmAnyalakSaNakI tArkika paramparAke upalabdha itihAsameM kaNAMdakA sthAna prathama hai / unhoMne 'aduSTaM vidyA' ( 6.2.12 ) kahakara pramANasAmAnyakA lakSaNa kAraNazuddhi mUlaka sUcita kiyA hai| akSapAdake sUtroM meM lakSaNakrama meM pramANasAmAnyalakSaNa ke prabhAvakI truTiko vAtsyAyana' ne 'pramANa' zabda ke nirvacana dvArA pUrA kiyaa| usa nirvacanameM unhoMne kaNAda kI taraha kAraNa zuddhiko tarapha dhyAna nahIM rakhA para mAtra upalabdhirUpa phalakI ora najara rakhakara 'upalabdhihetutva' ko pramANasAmAnyakA lakSaNa batalAyA hai / vAtsyA nake isa nirvacanamUlaka lakSaNa meM AnevAle doSoMkA parihAra karate hue bAcaspati mizra ne 'artha' padakA saMbandha jor3akara aura 'upalabdhi' padako jJAnasAmAnyabodhaka nahIM para pramANarUpa jJAna vizeSabodhaka mAnakara pramANasAmAnyake lakSaNako paripUrNa banAyA, jise udayanAcArya ne kusumAJjali meM 'gautamanayasammata' kahakara apanI bhASA meM paripUrNa rUpase mAnya rakhA jo pichale sabhI nyAya-vaizeSika zAstroM meM samAnarUpase mAnya hai / isa nyAya-vaizeSikakI paramparA ke anusAra pramANa sAmAnyalakSaNa meM mukhyatayA tIna bAteM dhyAna dene yogya haiM inf 1- kAraNadoSa ke nivAraNa dvArA kAraNa zuddhikI sUcanA / 2 - viSayabodhaka artha padakA lakSaNa meM praveza / 3 --- lakSaNa meM sva- paraprakAzatvakI carcAkA abhAva tathA viSayakI apUrvatA - zranadhigatatA ke nirdezakA abhAva / yadyapi prabhAkara" aura unake anugAmI mImAMsaka vidvAnoMne 'anubhUti' 1. 'upalabdhisAdhanAni pramANAni iti samAkhyAnirvacanasAmarthyAt boddhavyaM pramIyate anena iti karaNArthAbhidhAno hi pramANazabdaH ' - nyAyabhA0 1.1.3. 2. ' upalabdhimAtrasya arthAvyabhicAriNaH smRteranyasya pramAzabdena zrabhidhAnAt ' - tAtparya0 pR0 21. 3. 'yathArthAnubhavo mAnamanapekSatayeSyate // mitiH samyak paricchittiH tadvattA ca pramAtRtA / tadayogavyavacchedaH mAmANyaM gautame mate // ' nyAyaku* 4.1.5. / 4. 'anubhUtizca naH pramANam' - bRhatI 1. 1. 5,

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118 mAtrako hI pramANarUpase nirdiSTa kiyA hai tathApi kumArila evaM unakI paramparAvAle anya mImAMsakoMne nyAya -vazeSika tathA bauddha donoM paramparAoM kA saMgrAhaka aisA pramANakA lakSaNa racA' hai; jisameM 'praduSTakAraNArabdha' vizeSaNase kaNAdakathita kAraNadoSakA nivAraNa sUcita kiyA aura 'nirbAdhatva' tathA 'apUrvA - fer' vizeSaNa ke dvArA bauddha paramparAkA bhI samAveza kiyA / "tatrA pUrvArthavijJAnaM nizcitaM bAghavarjitam / aduSTakAraNArabdhaM pramANaM lokasammatam // " yaha zloka kumArilaka ka mAnA jAtA hai / isameM do bAteM qhAsa dhyAna dene kI haiM- 1-lakSaNameM zranadhigatabodhaka 'apUrva' padakA zrarthavizeSaNarUpase praveza / 2 - sva- paraprakAzasyakI sUcanAkA abhAva ! bauddha paramparAmeM diGnAgara ne pramANasAmAnyake lakSaNa meM 'svasaMvitti' padakA phalake vizeSaNarUpase niveza kiyA hai / dharmakIrtti ke pramANavArttikavAle lakSaNa meM vAtsyAyana 'pravRttisAmarthya' kA sUcaka tathA kumArila AAdike nirvAveer paryAya 'visaMvAditva' vizeSaNa dekhA jAtA hai aura unake nyAyavinduvAle lakSaNa meM diGnAgake arthasArUpyakA hI nirdeza hai ( nyAyavi0 1.20 . ) / zAntaracitake lakSaNa meM diGnAga aura dharmakIrti donoMke aAzayakA saMgraha dekhA jAtA hai - 1. 'zrIpattikagirA doSaH kAraNasya nivAryate / zrabAdho'dhyatirekeNa svatastena pramANatA || sarvasyAnupalabdhe'rthe prAmANyaM smRtiramyathA // zlokavA0 zrIsa0 zlo0 10, 11. ' etacca vizeSaNatrayamupAdadAnena sUtrakAre kAraNa doSabAdhakazAnarahitam zragRhItagrAhi jJAnaM pramANam iti pramANalakSaNaM sUcitam ' -- zAstrAdI0 pR0 123. 'anadhigatArthagantR pramANam iti bhaTTa - mImAMsakA zrAhuH' si0 candro0 pR0 20. 2. 'ajJAtArthajJApakaM pramANam iti pramANasAmAnyalakSaNam / ' pramAesa0 TI0 pU0 11. 3. 'svasaMvittiH phalaM cAtra tadrUpAdarthanizcayaH / viSayAkAra evAsya pramANaM tena mIyate // ' pramANasa0 1. 10. 4. 'pramANamavisaMvAdi zAnamarthakriyAsthitiH / zravisaMvAdanaM zAbdeSyabhiprAyanivedanAt // ' - pramANavA0 2. 1.

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119 "viSayAdhigatizcAtra prmaannphlmissyte| svavittirvA pramANaM tu sArUpyaM yogyatApi vA // " -tattvasaM. kA. 1344 / isameM bhI do bAteM khAsa dhyAna dene kI haiM-- 1- abhI taka anya paramparAoMmeM sthAna nahIM prApta 'svasaMvedana' vicArakA praveza aura tadvArA jJAnasAmAnyameM sva-paraprakAzasvakI sUcanA / __asaGga aura vasubandhune vijJAnavAda sthApita kiyaa| para diGnAgane usakA samarthana bar3e joroMse kiyA / usa vijJAnavAdakI sthApanA aura samarthana paddhatimeM hI svasaMviditatva yA svaprakAzasvakA siddhAnta sphuTatara huzrA jisakA eka yA dUsare rUpameM anya dArzanikoMpara bhI prabhAva par3A-dekho Buddhist Logio rol. I. P. 12. 2-mImAMsakakI ta { spaSTa rUpase anadhigatArthaka jJAnakA hI prAmANya / : zvetAmbara digambara noM jaina paramparAoM ke prathama tArkika siddhasena aura samantabhadra ne apane-apane lakSaNa meM sva-paraprakAzArthaka 'sva-parAvabhAsaka' vizeSaNakA samAnarUpase niveza kiyA hai| siddhasena ke lakSaNa meM 'bAdhavivarjita' pada usI artha meM hai jisa arthameM mImAMsakakA 'bAdhavarjita' yA dharmakIrtikA 'avisaMvAdi' pada hai| jaina nyAyake prasthApaka akalaMkane' kahIM 'anadhigatArthaka' aura 'avisaMvAdi' donoM vizeSaNoMkA praveza kiyA aura kahIM 'svaparAvabhAsaka' vizeSaNakA bhI samarthana kiyA hai / akalaMka ke anugAmI mANikyanandI ne eka hI vAkyameM 'sva' tathA 'apUrvArtha pada dAkhila karake siddhasena-samantabhadrakI sthApita aura akalaMkake dvArA vikasita jaina para 1. 'pramANaM svaparAbhAsi jJAnaM bAdhavivarjitam / ' -nyAyA0 1. 'tatvajJAnaM pramANaM te yugapatsarvabhAsanam / ' -AptamI0 101. 'svaparAvabhAsakaM yathA pramANaM bhuvi buddhilakSaNam'-bR0 svayaM0 63. ____2. 'pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnam , anadhigatArthAdhigamalakSaNatvAt |'assttsh* aSTasa* pR0 175. uktaM ca-'siddhaM yanna parApevaM siddhau svapararUpayoH / tat pramANaM tato nAnyadavikalpamacetanam / ' nyAyavi. TI. pR. 63. ukta kArikA siddhivinizcaya kI hai jo akalaMka ko hI kRti hai| 3. 'svApUrvArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam / ' -parI0 1.1

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120 parAkA saMgraha kara diyA / vidyAnanda ne akalaMka tathA mANikyanandI kI usa paramparAse alaga hokara kevala siddhasena aura samantabhadrakI vyAkhyA ko apane 'svArtha vyavasAyAtmaka' jaise zabda meM saMgrahIta kiyA aura 'anadhigata' yA 'apUrva' pada jo akalaMka aura mANikyanandIkI vyAkhyA meM haiM, unheM chor3a diyA / vidyAnandakA vyavasAyAtmaka' pada jaina paramparA ke pramANalakSaNameM prathama hI dekhA jAtA hai para vaha akSapAda ke pratyakSalakSaNa meM to pahile hI se prasiddha rahA hai / sanmati ke TIkAkAra abhayadeva ne vidyAnandakA hI anusaraNa kiyA para 'vyavasAtha' ke sthAna meM 'nirNIti' pada rakhA / vAdI devasUrine to vidyAnaMda ke hI zabdoM ko doharAyA hai / 0 hemacandra ne uparyukta jaina- jainetara bhinna-bhinna paraM parAkA zraucitya anaucitya vicArakara apane lakSaNa meM kevala 'samyak', 'artha' aura 'nirNaya' ye tIna pada rakhe / uparyukta jaina paramparAtroM ko dekhate hue yaha kahanA par3atA hai ki A* hemacandra ne apane lakSaNa meM kATa-chA~Ta ke dvArA sazodhana kiyA hai / unhoMne 'sva' pada jo pUrvavartI sabhI jainAcAryoMrne lakSaNa meM sanniviSTa kiyA thA, nikAla diyA / 'avabhAsa', 'vyavasAya' zrAdi padoMko sthAna na dekara abhayadeva ke 'nirNIti' padake sthAna meM 'nirNaya' pada dAkhila kiyA aura umAsvAti, dharmakIti tathA mAsarvaMzake samyak padako apanAkara apanA 'samyagarthanirNaya' lakSaNa nirmita kiyA hai / - Arthika tAtparya meM koI khAsa matabheda na honepara bhI sabhI digambara zvetAmbara zrAcAryoM ke pramANalacaNa meM zAbdika bheda hai, jo kisI aMza meM vicAra vikAsakA sUcaka aura kisI aMza meM tatkAlIna bhinna-bhinna sAhityake abhyAsakA pariNAma hai / yaha bheda saMkSepameM cAra vibhAgoM meM samA jAtA hai / pahile vibhAgameM 'sva-parA 1. ' tatsvArtha vyavasAyAtmajJAna mAnamitIyatA / lakSaNena gatArthatvAt vyarthamanyadvizeSaNam // ' - tattvArthazlo0 1. 10 77. pramANapa0 pR0 53. 2. 'indriyArthasannikarSotpannaM jJAnamavyapadezyamavyabhicAri vyavasAyAtmakaM pratyakSam / ' -nyAya sU0 1. 1. 4. 3. 'pramANaM svArthanirNItisvabhAvaM jJAnam / ' sanmatiTI0 pR0 518. 4. 'svapavyavasAyi jJAnaM pramANam / ' 5. 'samyagdarzana jJAnacaritrANi mokSamArgaH / ' jJAnapUrvikA sarvapuruSArthasiddhiH / pramANam / ' nyAyasAra pR0 1. pramANana0 1. 2. tattvArtha0 1. 1. 'sabhyanyAyavi0 1. 1. 'samyaganubhavasAdhanaM -

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vabhAsa' zabdavAlA siddhasena samantabhadrakA lakSaNa aAtA hai jo saMbhavataH bauddha vijJAnavAdake sva-parasaMvedanakI vicArachAyAse khAlI nahIM hai, kyoMki isake pahile aAgama graMthoM meM yaha vicAra nahIM dekhA jaataa| dUsare vibhAgameM akalaMkamANikyanandIkA lakSaNa zrAtA hai jisameM 'zravisaMvAdi', anadhigata' aura 'apUrva' zabda Ate haiM jo asaMdigdha rUpase bauddha aura mImAMsaka graMthoM ke hI haiN| tIsare vibhAgameM vidyAnanda, abhayadeva aura devasUrike lakSaNakA sthAna hai jo vastutaH siddha sena-samantabhadrake lakSaNakA zabdAntara mAtra hai para jisameM avabhAsa ke sthAna meM 'vyavasAya' yA 'nirNIti' pada rakhakara vizeSa artha samAviSTa kiyA hai / antima vibhAgameM mAtra prA. hemacandrakA lakSaNa hai jisameM 'sva', 'apUrva', 'anadhigata' Adi saba ur3Akara pariSkAra kiyA gayA hai / I. 1636 ] [pramANa mImAMsA