Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ arcanArcana pAtaMjala yoga aura jaina yoga : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana [ DaoN. lAlacandra jaina bhAratIya darzana eka prAdhyAtmika darzana hai / yahA~ ke cintakoM aura manISiyoM ke jIvana kA parama lakSya sukha prApta karanA rahA hai| sukha se tAtparya indriya-sukha se nahIM hai, kyoMki indriya-sukha vAstava meM sukha nahIM hai| vaha to parAdhIna, kSaNabhaMgura zraura bandha kA kAraNa hone se duHkha rUpa hI hai / ' unhoMne aise sukha ko prApta karanA cAhA hai jo zrAtma-janya, ananta aura avinAzI ho| isa sukha kI prApti kA artha hai - mokSa kI prApti / yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya vicArakoM ne cAra puruSArthoM meM mokSa ko hI mahAn aura upAdeya batalAyA hai / mokSa kI prApti yoga se ho sakatI hai, bhoga se nahIM / yaha yoga samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna zrIra samyakcAritra rUpa hai / yogasAdhanA atyanta prAcIna aura anAdi hai / ise kisI na kisI rUpa meM prAyaH bhAratIya darzana kI sabhI paramparAoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha satya hai ki vibhinna darzanoM meM yoga kA lakSya eka nahIM pratIta hotA hai / kisI ne yoga kA zradhyAsa Rddhi-siddhiyoM, (alaukika ) zaktiyoM ko prApta karane Adi ke lie mAnA hai to anya ne sAMsArika bandhanoM ko tor3ane ke lie | yoga ke puraskartA - jisa yoga ko zrAcAryoM 4 ne kalpataru, uttama cintAmaNi evaM samasta dharmoM meM pradhAna dharma kahA hai aura jisa yoga se janma rUpI bIja naSTa ho jAtA hai, karma 1. saparaM bAdhAsahidaM vicchiNNaM baMdhakAraNaM savisayaM / jaM iMdiyehi laddhaM taM saukkhaM dukkhameva tadhA // - prAcArya kundakunda, pravacanasAra, 176 2. praisamamAdasamutthaM visayAtIdaM zraNa vimamaNataM / bucchiNaM va suhaM suddhavayogappasiddhANaM || 3. hemacandra, yogazAstra 1 / 15 vahI, jJA13 4. ( ka ) prA0 haribhadra, yogabindu, zloka 36-67 / (kha) hemacandra, yogadarzana yogazAstra, 105 - 14 5. yogaH kalpataruH zreSTho yogazcintAmaNi paraH / yogaH pradhAnaM dharmANAM yogaH siddheH svayaMgrahaH || - yogabindu, padya - 3
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pAtaMjala-yoga aura jana-yoga : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana / 7 me malina aAtmA vizuddha ho jAtI hai, cirasaMcita pApa naSTa ho jAte haiM, samasta vipattiyAM naSTa ho jAtI haiM, yogI kA kapha, viSThA, sparza Adi auSadhi rUpa ho jAte haiM, aNimA, laghimAdi RddhiyAM prApta ho jAtI haiM, vAraNavidyA, prAzIviSalabdhi, avadhijJAna, mana:paryayajJAna, kevalajJAna evaM mokSa kI prApti ho jAtI hai, samasta mahApApa naSTa ho jAte haiM aura "yoga" ina do akSaroM ko na sunane vAle manuSya kA janma pazu ke samAna nirarthaka mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra ke yoga ke viSaya meM yaha jijJAsA honA svAbhAvika hai ki usakA prAdurbhAva kaba aura kahA~ huprA aura usake puraskartA athavA udbhAvaka kauna haiM ? ina praznoM kA uttara denA sarala nahIM hai| punarapi darzanazAstra ke itihAsa kA pAlor3ana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki bhAratavarSa meM sarvaprathama yoga kA udbhava yA prAviSkAra huA thaa| hamAre isa kathana kI puSTi nimnAMkita pramANoM se hotI hai (1) bhAratavarSa kA itihAsa sAkSI hai ki yahA~ prAraMbha se prAdhyAtmika dhArA bahatI rahI hai| anya dezoM meM isa prakAra kI prAdhyAtmikatA kA darzana nahIM hotA hai| pravadhata, tapasvI, parivrAjaka, zramaNa zabda yahAM ke yoga kI prAcInatA ko siddha karate haiN| (2) dUsarA pramANa yaha hai ki sabhI prakAra ke bhAratIya vAGamaya-kAvya, nATaka, upanyAsa, darzana Adi meM yoga ke lakSyabhUta mokSa kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| isa taraha kA vivecana anya dezoM ke vAGamaya meM upalabdha nahIM hai| (3) tIsarA pramANa yaha hai ki yoga kA svarUpa aura usakI prakriyA prAdi kA jitanA sUkSma vivecana bhAratIya yoga-sAhitya meM milatA hai, utanA anyatra nhiiN| (4) Aja bhautikatA kI cakAcauMdha se vyAkula hokara yUropIya dezoM meM yoga ke prati AkarSaNa honA bhI yahI siddha karatA hai ki yoga kA udbhava sarvaprathama bhAratavarSa meM hA hai| (5) paNDita sukhalAla saMghavI ne bhI yoga ke prAviSkAra kA zreya bhAratavarSa ko diyA hai| ve kahate haiM-"yoga kA sambandha prAdhyAtmika vikAsa se hai / ataeva yaha spaSTa hai ki yoga kA astitva sabhI dezoM aura sabhI jAtiyoM meM rahA hai, tathApi inkAra nahIM kara sakatA hai ki yoga ke AviSkAra yA yoga ko parAkASThA taka pahu~cAne kA zreya bhAratavarSa aura prAryajAti ko hai| isake pramANa meM mukhyatayA tIna bAteM haiM-(1) yogI, jJAnI, tapasvI Adi mahApuruSoM kI bahulatA, (2) sAhitya ke prAdarza kI ekarUpatA, (3) lokruci|"" yadyapi bhAratavarSa meM yoga kA udbhava humA lekina isake udbhAvaka kauna the ? Aja bhAratavarSa meM pAtaMjala-yoga bahuta prasiddha hai| isakA prasAra aura pracAra bhI itanA hanA hai ki pAtaMjala-yoga hI "yoga" kA paryAyavAcI bana gayA hai| isase kucha logoM ne anumAna lagAyA hai ki bhagavAna pataMjali hI yogasiddhAMta ke puraskartA haiN| lekina unakA yaha kathana yuktisaMgata pratIta nahIM hotA hai| pataMjali yoga ke anuzAstA haiM-maharSi pataMjali kA samaya vivAdAspada hai| vibhinna vidvAnoM ne vibhinna vicAra vyakta kie haiN| jaikaoNbI aura ema0 hiriyannA ne unakA samaya 1. darzana aura cintana, pR. 232 Asamastha tama Atmastha mama taba ho sake Azvasta jama ,
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ paMcama khaNDa /8 arcanArcana pAMcavIM zatAbdI kA anta mAnA hai|' DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan ne unakA prAcInatama samaya IsA pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI mAnA hai| pataMjali ne "yogasUtra" nAmaka grantha likhA thaa| isake prathama satra "atha yogAnuzAsanam" meM pAye hue.---"anuzAsana' zabda se vidvAnoM ne niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki pataMjali yoga ke pravartaka nahIM haiN| unhoMne apane pUrva pratiSThita yoga-siddhAnta kA paramparAgata anusaraNa kara usameM saMzodhana kara vyavasthita kiyA aura upadeza diyA hai / 3 baladeva upAdhyAya ne likhA bhI hai-"pataMjali ne yoga kA kevala anuzAsana kiyA, arthAta pratipAdita zAstra kA upadeza mAtra diyA hai / ataH ve yoga ke pravartaka na hokara pracAraka yA saMzodhaka mAtra haiN| anuzAsana kA artha hai-upadeza diye gaye siddhAMta kA pratipAdana / pataMjali ne yaha kiyA hai|"4 isase siddha hai ki pataMjali ke pUrva bhI bhArata meM yoga-sAdhanA ke bIja maujUda the| aba prazna hotA hai ki yadi bhagavAn pataMjali yoga ke udbhAvaka nahIM the to unase pahale kisane yoga kA AviSkAra kiyA ? jisakA anuzAsana pataMjali ne kiyA hai| baladeva upAdhyAya, nagendranAtha upAdhyAya prabha ti vidvAnoM ne yAjJavalkya-smRti kA havAlA dete hue hiraNyagarbha ko yoga kA puraskartA mAnA hai| inakA upadeza pratipAdaka zAstra "hiraNyagarbha yoga" ke nAma se prasiddha hai| paNDita sukhalAla saMghavI ne hiraNyagarbha aura unake yoga-siddhAMta ko ni:zaMka rUpa se prAcIna aura pataMjali se pUrva sAMkhyAvalambI yoga mAnA hai| lekina unako yoga-siddhAMta kA AviSkartA nahIM mAnA hai| eka vicAraNIya bAta yaha bhI hai ki tathAkathita yoga ke vaktA hiraNyagarbha kauna haiM ? 'mahAbhArata' meM kRSNa apane ko hiraNyagarbha kahate hue yogiyoM dvArA pUjita batalAte haiN| yadi smRtiyoM ke AdhAra para hiraNyagarbha ko yoga kA puraskartA mAna liyA jAya to prazna yaha uThatA hai ki upaniSadoM aura vedoM meM inake nAma kA ullekha yoga ke pravaktA ke rUpa meM kyoM nahIM milatA hai| yadyapi vahA~ yaugika sAdhanA ke bIja yatra-tatra bikhare hue haiM ? bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA ullekha 'Rgveda' meM milatA hai| 'Rgveda' prAcInatama grantha hai| prataH nizcita hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva hI yoga ke puraskartA the| inakI yogasAdhanA kA vivecana prathamAnuyoga se sambandhita jaina vAGamaya meM upalabdha hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki khajurAho ke saMgrahAlaya meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI yoga avasthA meM mUrti hai| isase bhI siddha hai ki bhagavAn RSabha hI yoga ke puraskartA the / 1. ema. hiriyannA, bhA. da. rU. pRSTha 269 aura usakI pAdaTippaNI 2. DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan , iMDiyana philAsaphI bhAga 2, pRSTha 341 kA pAdaTippaNa 3. mAdhavAcArya, sarvadarzanasaMgraha pRSTha 126 4. baladeva upAdhyAya, bhA. da.pRSTha 285-286 5. (ka) hiraNyagarbho yogasya vaktA nAnyaH puraatnH| -sAMkhyayogadarzana pRSTha 1 (kha) baladeva upAdhyAya, bhA. da. pRSTha 285 (ga) nagendranAtha upAdhyAya, tAMtrika bauddha sAdhanA aura sAhitya pRSTha 8 6. samadarzI prA. haribhadra (gujarAtI saMskaraNa) pRSTha 68-69 7. hiraNyagarbho dyutimAn ya eSacchandasi stutaH / yogaiH sampUjyate nityaM sa evAhaM bhuvi smRtaH / / .-mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva 242 / 96 .
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pAtaMjala-yoga aura jaina-yoga : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana / 9 yoga kA artha-"yoga" kA sAdhAraNa artha jor3anA yA milAnA hotA hai / "yoga" zabda kI niSpatti "yuja" dhAtu se huI hai| yaha dhAtu do arthoM meM prayukta huI hai-jor3anA aura samAdhi / ina donoM arthoM meM yoga zabda bhAratIya vAGamaya meM upalabdha hai| isake bAvajUda adhyAtma-vikAsa ke saMdarbha meM yoga kA artha samAdhi hotA hai| jainadarzana meM "yoga" zabda vibhinna arthoM meM prayukta hamA hai| umAsvAti ne mana, vacana aura kAya kI prakriyA ke artha meM "yoga" zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / ' isI prakAra bhaTTa akalaMkadeva, vIrasena prAdi ke granthoM meM prAtma-pradezoM ke halana-calana aura Atma-pradezoM ke saMkoca-vikoca ke artha meM yoga zabda prayukta huA hai| bhadra prakalaMkadeva ne "yojanaM yogaH" isa nirukti ke anusAra yoga kA artha saMbaMdha kiyA hai| vIrasena ne bhI "yujyata yogaH" isa prakAra yoga kI nirukti karake yoga kA artha saMbaMdha mAnA hai| isI prakAra jaina vAGamaya meM jIva kI zaktivizeSa aura varSAdi kAla kI sthiti ke artha meM bhI yoga zabda kA prayoga milatA hai / lekina adhyAtma-vikAsa ke saMdarbha meM yoga ke uparyukta artha sArthaka nahIM haiN| isakA yaha tAtparya kadApi nahIM hai ki jaina-darzana meM 'yoga' zabda kA artha adhyAtma-vikAsa ke saMdarbha meM upalabdha nahIM hai| prAcArya pUjyapAda, bhaTTa akalaMkadeva, padmanaMdi prabhRti prAcAryoM ne yoga kA artha samAdhi, samyak praNidhAna, dhyAna, sAmya, svAsthya, cittanirodha aura zuddhopayoga kiyA hai| uparyukta arthoM ke alAvA jainadarzana meM yoga ke lie saMvara zabda kA bhI prayoga pracura mAtrA meM humA, vizeSakara pAgama sAhitya aura dravyAnuyoga vAGamaya meM / ataH yoga kA artha saMvara bhI hai| ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki sokhya-yogadarzana meM jisa dhyAna kI prakriyA ko yoga kahA gayA hai, use bauddha-darzana meM samAdhi aura jaina-darzana meM saMvara kahA hai| paMDita sukhalAlajI saMghavI ne kahA bhI hai-"sAMkhya parivrAjakoM kI dhyAna-prakriyA yoga ke nAma se vizeSa prasiddha huI aura buddha kI dhyAna-prakriyA samAdhi ke nAma se vyavahRta huI, to AjIvaka aura nirgrantha paramparA meM isake lie saMvara zabda vizeSa pracAra meM praayaa| isa taraha hama kaha sakate haiM ki yoga, samAdhi, tapa aura saMvara ye cAra zabda AdhyAtyika sAdhanA ke samagra aMga-upAMgoM ke sUcaka haiM aura isI 1. tattvArthasUtra 61 2. bhaTTa akalaMkadevaH, tattvArthavArtika 6 / 1 / 10, pRSTha 505 3. 'ayaM yoga zabda: saMbaMdhaparyAyavAcino draSTavyaH / ' vahI 7 / 13 / 4, pRSTha 540 4. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu. 1, khaM. 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 4, pRSTha 139 5. 'yogazca varSAdikAlasthitiH / ' -darzanapAhaDa, TIkA, 98 6. (ka) yogaH samAdhiH samyak prnnidhaanmityrthH|-praa. pUjyapAda, sa. si. 6 / 13, pRSTha 246 (kha) yujeH samAdhivacanasya yogaH samAdhiH dhyAnamityanAntaram / -bhaTTa prakalaMkadeva, ta. vA. 6 / 1 / 12, pRSTha 505, aura bhI dekheN-6|12|8 pRSTha 522 (ga) sAmyaM svAsthyaM samAdhizca yogshcetonirodhnm| zuddhopayoga ityete bhvntyekaarthvaackaaH| -padamanadi paMcaviMzatikA 4164 Asamastha tama Atmastha mama taba ho sake Azvasta jana www.janelorary.org
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ paMcama khaNDa/10 rUpa meM ve vyavahAra meM pratiSThita bhI hae haiN|"" baidika sAhitya meM yoga-vaidika sAhitya meM sabase prAcIna grantha 'Rgveda' mAnA jAtA hai| usake aneka maMDaloM meM "yoga" zabda kA ullekha hanA hai| yahAM para yoga jor3ane artha meM prayukta huprA hai / arcanArcana upaniSada-Rgveda ke pazcAt upaniSadoM kA anuzIlana karane para vibhinna upaniSadoM meM yoga ke vibhinna rUpa dRSTigocara hote haiN| jahAM kaThopaniSad, taittirIyopaniSada, chAndogya, bRhadAraNyaka Adi meM prAtma-sAkSAtkAra aura samAdhi ke artha meM yoga, dhyAna aura tapa zabda kA prayoga milatA hai, vahIM arvAcIna upaniSadoM meM yoga ke vividha aMgoM kA bhI varNana milatA gItA-gItA meM yoga ke tIna rUpa dRSTigocara hote haiM -karmayoga, bhaktiyoga aura jnyaanyog| isake alAvA yoga prakriyA aura usake siddhAntoM kA vivecana bhI kiyA gayA hai| bauddhadarzana-'visuddhimagga' meM zIla-samAdhi kA vivecana upalabdha hai| bauddhadarzana meM dhyAna kI prakriyA ko samAdhi kahA gayA hai, ata: yahA~ yoga kA artha samAdhi hai / zIla ke dvArA akuzala karma dUra ho jAte haiM aura samAdhi avasthA meM kuzala karmoM kI aora citta ekAgra ho jAtA hai / cita ke ekAgra ho jAne se tRSNA aura vAsanAe~ naSTa ho jAtI haiN| samAdhi do prakAra kI haiupacAra samAdhi aura appanA samAdhi / upacAra samAdhi meM citta ekAgra hotA hai aura appanA samAdhi meM citta ko atyadhika zuddha banAne kI prakriyA hotI hai| isa prakAra kramaza: prajJA utpanna hone para arhat avasthA prApta ho jAtI hai| isake bAda skandhoM, punarjanma, duHkha tathA pIr3A se AtyaMtika nivRtti ho jAtI hai| nyAyadarzana-yadyapi maharSi gautama ke nyAyadarzana meM pramukha rUpa se pramANAdi solaha padArthoM kA vivecana huaA hai lekina yoga sambandhI kucha prakriyA kA bhI isameM ullekha milatA hai| jaise samAdhi vizeSa ke abhyAsa se pratyakSa rUpa se tattvajJAna hotA hai| araNya, parvataguhA, bAlumaya nadI ke kinAre prAdi ekAnta sthAnoM meM yogAbhyAsa karanA caahie| yama aura niyama ke dvArA 1. paM. sukhalAla saMghavI-samadarzI prAcArya haribhadra, rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna jodhapura (rAjasthAna), 1963, pRSTha 69 2. surendradAsa guptA, bhA. da. bhAga1, pR. 234, 3. "yoga AtmA" -te. u. 214 tAM yogamiti manyante sthirAmindriyadhAraNAm / apramattastadA bhavati yogo hi prabhavApyayo / -kaThopaniSad 2 / 3 / 11 zvetAzvataropaniSad 218-15 5. gItA ke adhyAya 6 aura 13 dRSTavya haiN| 6. 'smaadhivishessaabhyaasaat| -nyAyadarzana 4 / 2 / 38 7. araNya-guhApulinAdiSu yogaabhyaasopdeshH| -nyAyadarzana 4 / 2 / 82
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pAtaMjala yoga aura jaina yoga eka tulanAtmaka vivecana 11 AtmasaMskAra arthAt adharma kA nAza aura dharma kI vRddhi ho jAtI hai aura "yogAccAdhyAtmavidhyupAyaiH " arthAt tapazcaryA, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhyAna aura dhAraNA rUpa adhyAtmavidhi se apavarga prApta ho sakatA hai / 1 vaizeSika darzana - maharSi kaNAda ke vaizeSikasUtra meM bhI yoga viSayaka aMgoM kA eka do sUtroM meM ullekha huA hai / jaise abhiSecana, upavAsa, brahmacarya, gurukulavAsa, vAnaprastha, yajJa, dAna, brIhyAdi ke prokSaNa, dizA ke niyama, kAla ke niyama / ye prakArAntara se yoga ke aMga haiM / kapiladarzana - - maharSi kapila ne sAMkhyasUtra kI racanA kI hai| isameM yoga-prakriyA prarUpaka kucha sUtra Ae hue haiN| jaise dhyAna, dhAraNA aura Asana kA svarUpa zrAdi / brahmasUtra - - maharSi bAdarAyaNa ke brahmasUtra meM bhI yogAMgoM kA ullekha milatA hai / 4 pAtaMjala darzana - bhagavAn pataMjali ne yoga kA sAMgopAMga vivecana kiyA hai| unakA 'yogasUtra' yoga viSaya kA zravikala grantha hai / isa para aneka TIkAe~ likhI gaI haiM / * zrataH isa parapaMrA meM yoga siddhAMta nirUpaka vipula sAhitya upalabdha hai / / sAMkhya yogadarzana meM dhyAna ko hI pramukha rUpa se yoga kahA gayA hai dete hue likhA hai ki cittavRtti ke nirodha ko yoga kahate haiM / isake aMga - yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura vivecana upalabdha hai / jainadarzana - jaina zrAgamoM meM yoga ke lie tapa, dhyAna aura saMvara zabdoM kA prayoga bahudhA kiyA gayA hai / prAcArya kundakunda, umAsvAti, pUjyapAda, haribhadra, hemacandra, yogacandra, nAgasena, paM0 AzAdhara, yazovijaya Adi jainAcAryoM ne bhAratIya yogasAhitya ko saMvaddhita kiyA hai / yaha sAhitya nimnAMkita hai-- yoga kI paribhASA pazcAt yoga ke prATha samAdhi kA vistRta zrAcArya umAsvAti : tattvArtha sUtra (9 vA~ adhyAya), : samAdhitaMtra, iSTopadeza, : kArtikeyAnuprekSA, : yogadRSTisamuccaya, yogabindu, yogaviMzikA, yogazataka, SozaDaprakaraNa / , pUjyapAda svAmikArtikeya haribhadra 1. tadarthaM yamaniyamAbhyAmAtmAsaMskAro yogAccAdhyAtmavidhyupAyaiH / jJAnagrahaNAbhyAsastadvidyaizca saha saMvAdaH / -- nyAyadarzana 4 / 2 / 46-47 2. abhiSecanopavAsa- brahmacarya - gurukulavAsavAnaprastha-yajJadAnaprokSaNadiGa, nakSatramantrakAlaniyamAzcA dRSTAya | - vaizeSikadarzana, 6 2 2 3. rAgopatirdhyAnam / - 3 / 30, vRttinirodhAt tatsiddhiH / - 3131, dhAraNAsan svakarmaNA tatsiddhi: / - 3/32, nirodhAzchadividhAraNAbhyAm / - 3 33, sthirasukhamAsanam / --3 / 34 4. zrAsInaH saMbhavAt / dhyAnAzca / yatraikAgratA tatrAvizeSAt / - 4 / 1 / 7-8 aura 11 5. bhA. da. ( saMpAdaka DaoN. na. ki. devarAja) pRSTha saM. 394-395 6. yogasUtra 1 / 2 Asamastha tama Atmastha mana taba ho sake Azvasta jana
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ paMcama khaNDa / 12 / arcanArcana yogendradeva : paramAtmaprakAza, adhyAtmasaMdoha, subhASitaratnasaMdoha, guNabhadra : prAtmAnuzAsana, amitagati : yogasAra, zubhacandra : jJAnArNava, hemacandra : yogazAstra, yogacandra : yogasAra, nAgasena : tattvAnuzAsana, paM0 prAzAdhara :-adhyAtmarahasya, yazovijaya : adhyAtmasAra, adhyAtmanopaniSad, yogalakSaNa, yogaviMzikA / isake alAvA vibhinna bhASAoM meM likhita kAvya, nATaka aura upanyAsoM meM bhI yoga kA vivecana huA hai| itane vipula sAhitya meM yoga siddhAMtoM ke upalabdha hone kA kAraNa jaina dharma darzana kA nivRtti pradhAna honA aura mokSa prApti pradhAna honA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke 'pravacanasAra' meM yoga ke sthAna para upayoga kA prayoga milatA hai / unhoMne upayoga ke tIna bheda-azubhopayoga, zubhopayoga aura zuddhopayoga batalAkara unakA sUkSma vivecana kiyA hai aura zuddhopayoga ko mokSa kA kAraNa pratipAdita kiyA hai|' 'niyamasAra' meM unhoMne yoga kI paribhASA karate hue kahA hai ki viparIta abhiniveza kA tyAga karake jaina-kathita tattvoM meM jo abhiniveza ko lagAtA hai, usakA nija bhAva yoga kahalAtA hai| haribhadra ne apanI kRtiyoM meM yoga kA sUkSma vivecana kiyA hai| 'yogavizikA' meM unhoMne sarva vizuddha dharmavyApAra ko yoga kahA hai|3| yazovijaya ne samiti aura gupti ke sAdhAraNa dharmavyApAra ko yoga kahA hai| zubhacandrAcArya ne janma grahaNa karane se utpanna klezoM ko dUra karane ko yoga kahA hai| uparyukta yoga kI paribhASAoM se spaSTa hai ki saMsArI jIva krodhAdi kaSAyoM se saMtapta hokara duHkhI hai| isa asahanIya duHkha kA vinAza karane ke lie bhavya jIva jisa nirdoSa, niravadya kriyA kA anuSThAna karatA hai, vaha yoga kahalAtA hai / sampUrNa yoga sambandhI vAGamaya meM yahI ekamAtra artha vivakSita hai| ataH yoga kA paryavasAna AtmazaktiyoM ke pUrNa vikAsa meM hai| jainadarzana meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakacAritra-ye tIna yoga ke aMga batalAye 1. pravacanasAra 117, 911-12 2. niyamasAra, paramabhaktyadhikAra, gA. 139 3. mukkheNa joyaNAyo jogo savvo vi dhmmvaavaaro| parisuddho vinnegro ThANAigo viseseNaM / -yogavizikA, 1 4. samitiguptisAdhAraNaM dharmavyApAratvaM yogatvaM / -yogadRSTisamuccaya(gujarAtI) bhUmikA pR.21 5. bhavaprabhavadurvAra-kleza-santApapIDitam / / yojayAmyahamAtmAnaM pathi yogIndrasevite / -zubhacandra, jJAnArNava 1118 aura bhI dekheM za39.
Page #8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pAtaMjala-yoga aura jaina-yoga : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana | 13 haiN|' mahAvrata, gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, parISaha-jaya, cAritra aura tapa samyakcAritra ke prabheda haiM / pAtaMjaladarzana meM yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi, ye yoga ke pATha aMga mAne gaye haiN| yama aura mahAvata-'yamayanti nivartayantIti yamAH' arthAta jo avAMchanIya kAryoM se nivRtta karAte haiM, unheM yama kahate haiN| yama kA artha saMyama hai| asat pravRttiyoM ko rokane ke lie sAmAnya azuddhiyoM ko dUra karanA Avazyaka hotA hai| yogadarzana meM yama pAMca prakAra kA batalAyA gayA hai-ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha / jainadarzana meM "yama" ke lie mahAvrata kA prayoga milatA hai / hiMsA, asatya, corI, abrahma aura parigraha, ina azubha karmoM kA tyAga karanA vrata kahalAtA hai|4 aNuvrata aura mahAvrata kI apekSA se vrata ke do bheda kiye gaye haiN| aNuvrata kA artha hai hiMsAdi kA sthUla rUpa (ekadeza) se tyAga krnaa| isakA pAlana gRhastha karate haiN| mahAvrata kA artha hotA hai hiMsAdi kA sUkSma rUpa se sarvatyAga krnaa| isakA pAlana muni karate haiN| zubhacandrAcArya ne kahA hai ki ahiMsAdi mahAn atIndriya sukha aura jJAna ke kAraNa haiM, mahAn puruSoM ne inakA AcaraNa kiyA hai, mahAna padArtha arthAta mokSa ke dene vAle haiM aura svayaM nirdoSa haiN| isalie ahiMsAdi mahAvrata kahalAte haiN| yama to kevala niSedhAtmaka mAtra haiM aura mahAvrata bhAvAtmaka bhI haiN| pratyeka mahAvrata kI pAMca bhAvanAeM haiN| inakA abhyAsa karane se vairAgya hotA hai aura vrata sthira rahate haiN| aSTa pravacana-mAtA : gupti aura samiti-mahAvratI ko apane vratoM kA dRDhatApUrvaka pAlana karane ke lie aura navIna karmoM ko rokane ke lie mana, vacana evaM kAya gupti tathA IryA, bhASA, eSaNA, prAdAna-nikSepa aura utsarga, ina pAMca samitiyoM kA pAlana karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| gupti kA artha hai rakSA krnaa| jisake dvArA saMsAra ke kAraNoM se prAtmA kI rakSA hotI hai, use gupti kahate haiM / yogI mahAvratI ko mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti para saMyama rakhanA Avazyaka hai| inakI svacchanda pravatti se navIna karmoM kA pAnA nahIM ruka sakatA hai| isalie umAsvAti ne mana-vacana-kAya rUpa yogoM kA acchI taraha se nirodha karane ko gupti kahA hai| 1. 'jJAna-zraddhAna-cAritrarUpaM ratnatrayaM ca sH|' -yogazAstra, 1115. 2. ta0 sU0 9 / 2-3, jJAnArNava 8 / 2-3 3. yogasUtra, 2 / 30 4. umAsvAti, ta0 sa0, 7.1 5. vahI, 72 aura bhI dekheM sarvArthasiddhi TIkA 6. jJAnArNava 181 7. vahI 1812 aura bhI dekheM tattvArthasatra 7 / 3-8 8. ta0 sU0 9 / 4
Page #9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mahAvratI ko kisI na kisI prakAra kI ceSTAe~ karanI par3atI haiM / kI ceSTAe~ karanI cAhie jisase sUkSma prANiyoM ko bhI pIr3A na ho| karmoM kA zrAgamana nahIM hotA hai / isa samyak zrAcaraNa yA pravRtti ko samiti kahate haiM / ' jisa mArga para logoM kA mAnA jAnA zurU ho gayA ho, usa mArga para sUrya kI kiraNoM ke nikalane para jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie nIce dekhakara calanA IryAsamiti hai / paMcama khaNDa | 14 ataH use isa prakAra aisA karane se navIna mahAvratI dvArA saMdeha utpanna karane vAlI dvayarthaka bhASA na bolanA tathA nirdoSa, sarva hitakara, parimita, priya aura sAvadhAnIpUrvaka vacana bolanA bhASAsamiti kahalAtI hai| nirdoSa AhAra grahaNa karanA eSaNAsamiti hai| zAstra prAdi ko bhalIbhAMti dekhakara, pramAdarahita hokara rakhanA uThAnA prAdAnanikSepa samiti hai| nirjIva sthAna para sAvadhAnIpUrvaka kapha, mala, mUtra Adi kA tyAga karanA utsarga samiti hai| hemacandra, zubhacandra Adi dhAcAyoM ne tIna guptiyoM aura pAMca samitiyoM ko bhraSTa pravacanamAtA kahA hai| kyoMki ye yogiyoM ke cAritra kI karma raja se usI prakAra rakSA karatI haiM, jisa prakAra mAtA apane putra ke zarIra kI dhUli se karatI hai| isalie mahAvratI ko inakA pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai|" yogadarzana meM yamoM kI rakSA ke lie isa prakAra kA kathana nahIM hai / niyama-niyama yoga kA dUsarA aMga mAnA gayA hai| 'niyamanti prerayanti niyamA:' isa vyutpatti ke anusAra niyama kA artha hai zubha kAryoM meM pravRtti karanA / AcArya kundakunda ke 'niyamasAra' meM kahA gayA hai ki jo niyama se kiyA jAtA hai vaha jJAna, darzana aura cAritra rUpa niyama hai / 3 yogasUtra meM niyama ke pAMca bheda batalAye gaye haiM-- zauca, saMtoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya aura Izvara praNidhAna / * - / zauca zauca kA artha hotA hai pavitra yA zuddha yogadarzana meM zIca do prakAra kA batalAyA gayA hai bAhya zauca aura prAntarika zauca mRtikA, jala Adi padArthoM se pavitra honA, snAna karanA, pavitra bhojana karanA bAhya zauca hai| maMtrI, karuNA, muditA aura upekSA 1. pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi 99 2. (ka) jananyo yaminAmaSTI ratnatrayavizuddhidAH / etAbhI rakSitaM doSairmunivRndaM na lipyate // - zubhacandra, jJAnArNava 18/19, pR. 178 (kha) etAzcAritragAtrasya jananAt paripAlanAt / saMzodhanAya sAdhUnAM mAtaro'STau prakIrtitA // - hemacandra, yogazAstra 1445 aura bhI dekheM 1146 3. "NiyameNa ya jaM kajjaM tagNiyamaM NANadaMsaNacaritaM / " - niyamasAra gA. 3 4. yogasUtra 2 / 12
Page #10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pAtaMjala yoga aura jaina yoga eka tulanAtmaka vivecana / 15 dvArA cittamaloM ko dhonA zrAntarika zauca kahalAtA hai / " ' jJAtAdharmakathA' meM zuka parivrAjaka isI prakAra ke zocadharma kA vyAkhyAna karatA hai / jaina - paramparA meM yogI ke lie isa prakAra ke bAhya zauca kA koI mahattva nahIM hai / 'jJAtAdharma kathA' meM bAhya zauca kA prAlaMkArika rUpa se nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| mallI cokkhA parivrAjikA se kahatI hai ki jisa prakAra rudhiralipta vastra rudhira meM dhone se zuddha nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra prANAtipAta rUpa mithyAdarzana zalya se kisI prakAra kI zuddhi nahIM hotI hai| bAhyazuddhi to sabhI saMsArIjana karate hI haiM / padmanandi ne bhI kahA hai-"yadi prANI kA mana mithyAtvAdi doSoM se malina ho rahA hai to gaMgA, samudra evaM puSkara Adi sabhI tIrthoM meM sadA snAna karane para bhI prAya: atizaya vizuddha nahIM ho sakatA jisa prakAra madya ke pravAha se paripUrNa ghaTa ko bAhara se aneka bAra dhone se zuddha nahIM hotA, usI prakAra jalAdi se pavitratA nahIM AtI hai / pavitra jala se yogadarzana ke prAntarika zauca kI taraha jainadarzana meM prAntarika zuddhi ko mahatvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai / isa Antarika zuddhi ke lie jainadarzana meM mahAvrata kI bhAvanAoM, guptiyoM, samitiyoM kA zrAcaraNa karanA yogI ke lie anivArya hotA hai / bAraha bhAvanAeM -- jaina yoga siddhAMta meM anitya, azaraNa, ekatva, anyatva, saMsAra, azauca, zrAzrava, saMvara, nirjarA, dharma, loka aura bodhidurlabha - ye bAraha bhAvanAe~ batalAI gaI haiM / inake bAra-bAra cintana se samadRSTi yA samatva kA bhAva vikasita ho jAtA hai mana ke samasta doSa naSTa ho jAte haiM / mokSa rUpI mahala para car3hane ke lie yogAcAryoM ne inheM prathama sIr3hI kahA hai / " maitrI, karuNA Adi bhAvanA- prAntarika zuddhi ke lie yogadarzana kI taraha jainadarzana meM bhI maMtrI Adi bhAvanAoM kA cintana karane kI preraNA dI gaI hai| umAsvAti ne prANImAtra meM maitrI, guNAdhikoM meM pramoda, klizyamAnoM meM karuNA vRtti aura pravineyoM meM mAdhyastha bhAva kI bhAvanA karane kI preraNA dI hai|" zubhacandrAcArya ne kahA ki maMtrI, pramoda, kAruNya aura mAdhyasya bhAvanAoM kA moha naSTa karane aura dharmadhyAna karane ke lie citta meM cintana karanA cAhie / " 1. surendranAthadAsa guptA, bhA. da. I. bhAga 1, pRSTha 277 2. zAtAdharmakayAMgasUtra (sampAdaka paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla), pRSTha 192 3. vahI, pRSTha 290 4. paM. vi. 195 " 5. ta. sU. 97 6. jJAnArNava 2 / 5-7 vArasavekkhA 89-91 7. ta. sU. 7 / 6 8. jJAnArNava 2714, 15-16 aura hemacandra yogazAstra 4 / 117, 122, maitrI, karuNA dhAdi cAroM bhAvanAoM ke vistRta svarUpa ke vivecana ke lie dRSTavya jJAnArNava 27-5, hemacandra yogazAstra 118-121 / Asanastha tama Atmastha mana taba ho sake Azvasta jana
Page #11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ paMcama khaNDa / 16 saMtoSa yogadarzana meM dUsarA niyama saMtoSa mAnA gayA hai| saMtoSa niyama ke anusAra yogI kI icchAoM ko rokakara jo kucha prApta ho usI meM santuSTa rahanA par3atA hai| tRSNA ke hone se prasantoSa hotA hai / tRSNA krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kaSAya ke kAraNa hotI hai / isalie jaina- yoga siddhAnta meM kaSAyoM ko jItane kA upadeza yogI ko diyA gayA hai / 1. kaSAyoM kA zamana ho jAne se icchAtroM kA nirodha svayaM ho jAtA hai / jainadarzana meM bhI santoSa bhAvanA kA cintana karane kA yogI ko upadeza diyA gayA hai / AcArya jayasena ne santoSabhAvanA kA svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai ki mAna-apamAna meM samatA se aura prazana - pAnAdi meM yathAlAbha se samatAbhAva rakhanA saMtoSabhAvanA hai / tapas - niyama kA tIsarA bheda tapas yA tapa niyama hai| kleza, karmavAsanA kA zuddhIkaraNa jisake dvArA hotA hai vaha tapa kahalAtA hai / yogadarzana meM sukha-duHkha, prAtapa-zIta, bhUkhapyAsa Adi kA sahana karanA tapa kahA gayA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM pA~ca asaM kliSTa bhAvanAoM meM tapa nAmaka bhAvanA batalAI gaI hai| prAcArya zivakoTi ne batalAyA hai ki tapazcaraNa se indriyoM kA mada naSTa ho jAtA hai aura indriyA~ balavartI ho jAtI haiN| prAcArya jayasena ne bhI kahA hai ki tapabhAvanA se viSaya kaSAya para vijaya mila jAtI hai / 4 1 " jainadarzana meM bAraha prakAra ke tapa batalAye gaye haiM, jinakA vargIkaraNa do prakAra se kiyA gayA hai--6 bAhya tapa aura 6 grAbhyantara tapa anazana, avamaudarya vRtti parisaMkhyAna, rasaparityAga, vivikta- zayanAsana aura kAyakleza, ye chaha bAhya tapa haiM tathA prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, vyutsarga aura dhyAna ye chaha grAbhyantara tapa haiM / " yogadarzana ke tapa niyama kI tulanA jainadarzana meM batalAye gaye bAhya tapoM se kI jA kI tulanA jainadarzana meM mAnya "parISahajaya" se kI jA ke kAraNoM meM "parISahajaya" ko bhI batalAyA hai / svAmI Adi kI vedanA ko zAnta bhAva se sahana karanA parISajaya kahA hai| sakatI hai| sakatI hai kArtikeya / ne isake alAvA tapa-niyama tatvArtha sUtrakAra ne saMvara atyanta bhayAnaka bhUkha umAsvAti ne parISahajaya kI AvazyakatA batalAte hue kahA hai ki saMvara ke mArga se bhraSTa na hone ke lie karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie parISaha ko jItanA zrAvazyaka hai / parISaha ke bAIsa prakAra haiM / 5 kSudhA, pyAsa, zIta, uSNa, vaMzamazaka, nAgnya, arati, strIcaryA, niSadyA, zayyA, Akroza, 1. prA. zubhacandra jJAnArNava sarga 20, pRSTha 198-99 2. tavabhAvanA ya sudasattabhAvaNegatta bhAvaNA caiva / ghidivalavibhAvaNAviya asaM kilidvAvi paMcavihnA // bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gA0 187 3. vahI, 108 4. paMcAstikAya tAtparyavRtti, gA0 173, pR0 254 5. umAsvAti tattvAryasUtra 9 / 19-20 6. so vi parisaha vijayo chuhAdi pIDANa airauddANaM / savaNANaM ca muNINa uvasama-bhAveNa jaM sahaNaM // svAmI kArtikeyAnuprekSA gA0 95 7. tattvArtha sUtra 9ba 8. vahI 919
Page #12
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pAtaMjala-yoga aura jaina-yoga : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana / 17 vadha, yAcanA, alAma, roga, tRNa-sparza, mala, satkAra-puraskAra, prajJA, ajJAna aura avarzana / uparyukta bAIsa parISahoM meM eka jIva ke eka sAtha unnIsa parISaha hone kA ullekha jaina prAcAryoM ne kiyA hai, kyoMki zIta aura uSNa meM se eka aura caryA, niSadyA va zaiyyA parISahoM meM se koI eka hI ho sakatA hai| svAdhyAya-bAra-bAra mokSa pratipAdaka prAdhyAtmika zAstroM kA adhyayana karanA yogazAstra meM svAdhyAya nAmaka niyama kahA gayA hai / isakI tulanA jainadarzana meM mAnya zrutabhAvanA aura svAdhyAya nAmaka Antarika tapa se kI jA sakatI hai| prAcArya jayasena ke anusAra prathamAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga aura dravyAnuyoga rUpa cAra prakAra ke prAgamoM kA abhyAsa karanA zrutabhAvanA kahalAtI hai|' prA0 pUjyapAda ne Alasya ko tyAga kara jJAna kI ArAdhanA karane ko svAdhyAya tapa kahA hai| mUlAcAra aura tattvArthasUtra meM svAdhyAya ke pA~ca bheda batalAye haiN| pariyaTThaNAya (AmnAya), vAyaNa (vAcanA), paDicchaNA (pRcchanA), aNupehayA (anuprekSA) aura dhammakahA (dharmopadeza),3 inake svarUpAdi kA vistRta vivecana tattvArthasUtra kI TokAoM meM upalabdha hai| Izvara-praNidhAna-phaloM kI prAkAMkSA kiye binA sabhI prakAra ke karmoM ko Izvara ko samarpita karanA Izvara-praNidhAna kahalAtA hai| jainadarzana meM arhanta, siddha, prAcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ye pA~ca parameSThI mAne gaye haiN| pratyeka yogI inake prati niSkAma bhAva se zraddhA rakhatA hai| inake alAvA aura kisI anya Izvara (jagata ke kartA-dhartA) meM isa prakAra bhakti bhAvanA nahIM rakhatA hai| Asana-yogadarzana kI bhA~ti jainadarzana meM bhI yogI ke liye prAsana kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| prAcArya zubhacandra ne 'jJAnArNava' meM aura prAcArya hemacandra ne 'yogazAstra' meM prAsana ke yogya sthAna aura prAsana ke bhedoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| kASTha kA takhtA, zilApaTTa, bhUmi aura bAluyukta sthAna prAsana ke yogya haiN| yogasiddhAntacandrikA meM anya zAstroM kI apekSA adhika prAsanoM ke bheda batalAye gaye haiM / AcArya zubhacandra ne paryakAsana, arddha paryakAsana, vajrAsana, vIrAsana, sukhAsana, kamalAsana aura kAyotsargAsana ko dhyAna ke yogya batalAyA hai| hemacandra ne uparyukta AsanoM ke alAvA bhadrAsana, daNDAsana, utkuTakAsana aura godohikAsana 1. paMcAstikAya, tAtparyavatti, gAthA 175, pR0 258 2. prA0 pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi, 9 / 20, pR0 439 (ka) vaTTakera, mUlAcAra, gA0 293 (kha) umAsvAti, tattvArthasUtra, 9 / 25 4. (ka) jJAnArNava, 2811-11 (kha) yogazAstra, 41123-136. dArupaTTe zilApaTTa bhUmo vA sikatasthale / samAdhisiddhaye dhIro vidadhyAtsusthirAsanam / / -jJAnArNava, 289 6. DaoN0 (kU.) vimalA karNATaka, bhAratIya darzana (saM0-DaoN0 na0 ki0 devarAja) pR0 413 7. jJAnArNava, 28 / 10 Asamastha tama Atmastha mana taba ho sake Azvasta jana
Page #13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ paMcama khaNDa / 18 bhI batalAye haiN|' yogI usI pAsana ko dhyAna kA sAdhana banA sakatA hai, jisase mana sthira raha sake / yogI amuka aAsana hI kare, aisA koI pratibaMdha nahIM hai / Asana kA mahattva pratipAdita karate hue prAcArya zubhacandra ne kahA hai ki jitendriyoM ko Asana-jaya karanA cAhie, isase samAdhi meM thor3A bhI kheda nahIM hotA hai| jisako Asana kA. acenArcana | abhyAsa nahIM hotA hai, usa yogI kA zarIra sthira nahIM hotA hai, jisase yogI ko kheda hotA hai| Asana ko jItane vAlA yogI pavana, garmI, tuSAra Adi aura vibhinna prakAra ke jIvoM se pIr3ita hokara bhI kheda-khinna nahIM hotA hai / ata: yogI ko prAsanajayI honA cAhie / prANAyAma-pataMjali ne yoga kA cauthA aMga prANAyAma batalAyA hai| 'prANa+pAyAma prANAyAma / prANa kA artha hai vAyu aura pAyAma kA artha hai rokanA / ataH prANAyAma kA artha hamA-zvAsa-prazvAsa kI prakriyA kA nirodha karanA / AcArya zubhacandra aura hemacandra ne prANAyAma ke tIna bheda yogadarzana kI bhAMti batalAye haiM-pUraka, kumbhaka aura recaka / 5 kisI prAcArya ne prANAyAma ke uparyukta tIna bhedoM meM pratyAhAra, zAnta, uttara aura adhara ko milAkara sAta prakAra kA prANAyAma batalAyA hai| uparyukta prANAyAmoM kA vistRta aura sUkSma vivecana jJAnArNava aura yogazAstra meM upalabdha hai| yogadarzana kI bhA~ti jainadarzana meM bhI prANAyAma kI AvazyakatA yogI ke lie pratipAdita kI gaI hai, lekina isake pratipAdana kA uddezya yA prayojana alaga-alaga pratIta hotA hai| jainadarzana meM dhyAna kI siddhi aura mana kI ekAgratA se prAtma-svarUpa meM sthira hone ke lie prANAyAma kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| binA prANAyAma ke mana ko nahIM jItA jA sakatA hai| hemacandra kahate haiM ki yadyapi mana aura vAyu donoM paraspara avinAbhAvI haiM lekina inameM se kisI eka ke nirodha karane se dUsare kA bhI nirodha ho jAtA hai / mana aura vAyu kA nirodha ho jAne se indriya aura buddhi ke vyApAra kA nAza ho jAtA hai aura aisA hone para mokSa ho jAtA hai|'' zubhacandra ne bhI kahA hai ki prANAyAma se citta sthira ho jAtA hai aura citta ke 1. hemacandra, yogazAstra, 4 / 124 2. jAyate sthiti yeneha, vihitena sthiraM manaH / tattadeva vidhAtavyam AsanaM dhyAna sAdhanam ||-vhii, 41134. 3. zubhacandra, jJAnArNava, 29 / 30-32 4. "prANAyamo gaticchedaH shvaasprshvaasyormtH|" yogazAstra, 5 / 4 5. (ka) zubhacandra, jJAnArNava 29 / 3 (kha) hemacandra, yogazAstra 5 / 4 6. yogazAstra 515 7. jJAnArNava 29 / 3-102 8. yogazAstra 5 / 4-273 9. sunirNItasusiddhAMtaiH prANAyAma: prazasyate / munibhiAna siddhayarthaM sthairyArtha cAntarAtmanaH / / -jJAnArNava, 29-1 10. vahI, 29 / 2 11. yogazAstra, 5 / 2-3
Page #14
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pAtaMjala yoga aura jaina-yoga : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana | 19 sthira ho jAne se saMsAra ke samasta padArthoM kA jJAna pratyakSa kI taraha ho jAtA hai| mana ko vaza meM karake bhAvanA karane vAle manuSya kI avidyA kA kSaNa mAtra meM vinAza ho jAtA hai aura kaSAya kSINa ho jAtI hai| prANAyAma se kAmadeva rUpa viSa aura mana para vijaya prApta ho jAtI hai aura samasta rogoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai tathA zarIra meM sthiratA A jAtI hai| paramAtmaprakAza ke TIkAkAra brahmadeva ne bhI kahA hai ki kumbhaka Adi prANAyAma se zarIra nIroga ho jAtA hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki yogadarzana kI bhA~ti jainadarzana meM bhI yogiyoM ke lie prANAyAma upAdeya batalAyA gayA hai| lekina donoM kI upAdeyatA meM antara yaha hai ki yogadarzana meM prANAyAma dhyAna kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai, lekina jainadarzana meM prANAyAma yogI ke lie kathaMcit rUpa se upAdeya kahA gayA hai| prANAyAma mokSa kA sAdhaka nahIM hai, yadyapi prANAyAma se saMsAra ke zubha-azubha, bhUta-bhaviSyat jAne jAte haiM aura dUsaroM ke zarIra meM praveza karane kI zakti hai| isa prakAra laukika prayojanoM kI siddhi prANAyAma se hotI hai| lekina yaha dhyAna kA kAraNa nahIM hai| bhaTTa akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki zvAsocchvAsa ke rokane ke duHkha se zarIra ke naSTa hone kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai| prAcArya zubhacandra bhI kahate haiM ki prANAyAma se vikSipta mana svastha nahIM hotA hai| pavana kA cAturya zarIra ko sUkSma, sthUlAdi karane kA sAdhana hai, isalie jo loga mukti cAhate haiM unake lie vighna kA kAraNa hai| prANAyAma se AtmA ko saMdeha aura pIr3A hotI hai| prANAyAma se prANoM ko rokane se pIr3A hotI hai, pIr3A se prArtadhyAna hotA hai aura prArtadhyAna se tattvajJa muni apane lakSya se bhaSTa ho jAtA hai| kyoMki prArtadhyAna saMsAra kA kAraNa hai| hemacandra ne bhI yaho kahA hai|6 brahmadeva ne bhI kahA hai ki prANAyAma meM vAyu kA dhAraNa icchA-pUrvaka kiyA jAtA hai, icchA moha se utpanna vikalpa hai aura moha kA kAraNa bhI hai| vAyu dhAraNa karane se mukti nahIM mila sakatI hai, kyoMki vAyu dhAraNa karanA zarIra kA dharma hai, prAtmA kA nahIM hai| ataH prANAyAma mokSa kA kAraNa nahIM hai|' pratyAhAra-yoga kA pAMcavAM aMga pratyAhAra hai| pAtaMjala yoga kI taraha jaina yoga meM bhI pratyAhAra ko upAdeya mAnA gayA hai| indriyoM kA yaha svabhAva hotA hai ki ve svecchAcAritA se apane viSaya kI ora AkRSTa hotI haiN| yogI ko ina indriyoM kI pravatti ko rokanA yAvazyaka hotA hai| unheM bAhya viSayoM se haTAkara antarmukhI banAnA arthAt mana ke vazavartI banAnA 1. sthirIbhavanti cetAMsi prANAyAmAbalambinAm / jagadavattaM ca ni:zeSaM pratyakSamiva jAyate ||-jnyaanaarnnv 29.14, 10111 2. jJAnArNava 29 / 12, 100-101 3. brahmadeva, paramAtmaprakAza TIkA, 21162 pRSTha 274 4. bhaTTa akalaMkadeva, tattvArtha. vArtika 9 / 27 / 23 pRSTha 627 5. zubhacandra, jJAnArNava 3014-11 6. yogazAstra 6 / 4-5 7. brahmadeva, paramAtmaprakAza TIkA, 21162 pRSTha 274 Asamastha tama Atmastha mana taba ho sake Azvasta jama www.jainelibray.org
Page #15
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ paMcama khaNDa /20 arcanArcana Avazyaka hai| isI ko pratyAhAra kahate haiN|' prAcArya zubhacandra aura hemacandra ne pratyAhAra kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai ki indriyoM aura mana ko unake viSayoM se khIMcakara prazAnta buddhi vAle sAdhaka dvArA apanI icchAnusAra unheM jahA~ cAhe vahA~ lagAnA pratyAhAra kahalAtA hai / pratyAhAra kI vidhi pratipAdita karate hue batalAyA gayA hai ki yogI indriyoM ko viSayoM se alaga karake mana ko indriyoM se alaga kare aura nirAkula mana ko lalATa para lagAye / pratyAhAra dharmadhyAna ke lie Avazyaka hai| prANAyAma se mana vikSipta ho jAtA hai, isalie samAdhi kI siddhi ke lie pratyAhAra karanA Avazyaka hotA hai, arthAt pratyAhAra se mana punaH svastha hokara samasta rAgAdi rUpa upAdhiyoM se rahita hokara samabhAva yukta ho jAtA hai aura prAtmA meM lIna ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra pratyAhAra yogI ke lie Avazyaka hai| dhAraNA-pAtaMjala darzana meM yoga kA chaThA aMga dhAraNA hai| pratyAhAra ke dvArA yogI kA mana sthira ho jAtA hai| usa sthira mana ko deza-vizeSa meM sthira karanA dhAraNA hai| prAcArya zubhacandra aura hemacandra ke anusAra lalATa, netrayugala, donoM kAna, nAka kA agrabhAga, mukha, nAbhi, mastaka, hRdaya, tAlu aura donoM bhauMhoM ke madhyabhAga meM se kisI eka para citta ko sthira karanA dhAraNA hai|' yogadarzana meM uparyukta dhAraNA ke AdhyAtmika dezoM ke alAvA sUrya, candra aura agni ko dhAraNA ke bAhyadeza kahA hai / 'siddhAntacandrikA' meM mahAbhUta viSayaka dhAraNA-pAthivIya dhAraNA, jalIya dhAraNA, taijasIya dhAraNA, vAyuvIya dhAraNA tathA nAbhasI dhAraNA-kA bhI ullekha hai / inakA dUsarA nAma kramazaH staMbhinI, plAvinI, dahanI, bhrAmaNI tathA samanI hai| prAcArya hemacandra ne bhI ina pAMca dhAraNAmoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| 1. indriyANi viSayebhyaH pratyAhriyante vimukhIkriyante'neneti pratyAhAraH / DaoN0 (ku.) vimalA karNATaka, bhA. da. (saMpAdaka DaoN0 na. ki. devarAja) pRSTha 415 samAkRSyendriyArthebhyaH sAkSaM cetaH prazAntadhIH / yatra yatrecchayA dhante sa pratyAhAra ucyate / / -jJAnArNava 3011 3. indriyaH samAkRSya viSayebhyaH prazAntadhIH / dharmadhyAnakRte tasmAt manaH kurvIta nizcalama // --yogazAstra, 656 4. jJAnArNava, 3014-5 5. 'dezabandha zcittazya dhAraNA' -yogasUtra, 311 6. (ka) nAbhi-hRdaya-nAsAgra-bhAla-bhU-tAlu dRSTayaH / mukhaM kaNau~ zirazceti dhyAna-sthAnAnyakIrtayana / -yogazAstra 617-8 (kha) zubhacandra, jJAnArNava, 30 / 13 7. prA0 nArAyaNa tIrtha, yoga yA siddhAMtacandrikA, 10 105 aura bhI dekheM bhA0 da0 (saMpAdaka DaoN0 na0 ki0 devarAja), pR0 416 8. pAthivI syAdathAvaneyI mArUtI vArUNI tathA / tatrabhaH paMcamI ceti piNDasthe paMca dhaarnnaa|| -yogazAstra, 719, 7 / 10-35.
Page #16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pAtaMjala-yoga aura jaina-yoga : eka talanAtmaka vivecana | 21 dhyAna-yoga-darzana meM yoga kA sAtavAM aMga dhyAna batalAyA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM dhyAna kA sUkSma aura vistRta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai, kyoMki dhyAna mokSa kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| yogadarzana meM pataMjali ne dhyAna kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai ki jaba dhAraNA ke dezavizeSa meM dhyeya vastu kA jJAna ekAkAra rUpa hone lagatA hai taba vaha dhyAna kahalAtA hai|' jainadarzana meM umAsvAti, prA0 pUjyapAda, kArtikeya, rAmasenAcArya prAdi prAcAryoM ne dhyAna ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate hae kahA hai ki vibhinna viSayoM kA cintana karane se citta caMcala hotA hai| use samasta viSayoM se haTAkara eka hI viSaya kA cintana karanA dhyAna kahalAtA hai| ataH ekAgracintAnirodha ko dhyAna kahate haiN| jJAnArNava, dhyAnazataka, dhyAnazAstra, yogazAstra Adi meM dhyAna ke bheda, dhyAtA, dhyeya, dhyAna-phala, dhyAna ke yogya deza-kAlaavasthA Adi kA sUkSma vivecana kiyA hai / zubhacandra aura hemacandra ne anya dhyAnoM ke alAvA savIryadhyAna, piNDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta dharmadhyAna kA ananya varNana kiyA hai|' yogiyoM ke lie 'jJAnArNava' dhyAna kA avikala grantha hai| samAdhi-yoga kA antima aMga samAdhi hai| bhadra akalaMkadeva ne dhyAna aura samAdhi ko hI yoga kA carama lakSya mAnA hai| yogadarzana-sammata samAdhi ke lie janadarzana meM zuddhopayoga zabda kA prayoga huA hai| samAdhi kI vyutpatti kI gaI hai ki 'samyagAdhIyate ekAgrI kriyate vikSepAna parihatya mano yatra sa samAdhiH'4 arthAt acchI taraha se vikSepoM ko haTAkara citta kA ekAgra honA samAdhi hai / 'samAdhi' zabda 'sama+adhi' se banA hai| sama kA artha eka rUpa karanA hai| ataH samAdhi kA artha hA mana ko uttama pariNAmoM meM arthAta zubhopayoga yA zuddhopayoga meM ekAgra krnaa| samAdhi avasthA meM dhyAna, dhyeya aura dhyAtA kA bheda miTa jAtA hai| samAdhi meM bAhya aura prAntarika samasta prakAra ke jalpoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai aura eka mAtra zuddha caitanya svarUpa prAtmA kA cintana hotA hai| 1. 'tatra pratyakatAnatA dhyAnam / ' -yogasUtra 3 / 2 2. (ka) ekAgracintAnirodho dhyAnamAntarmahAt / -ta. sU. 9427 (kha) aMto-muhutta-metaM loNaM vatthummi mANasaM gANaM / jhANa bhaNNadi samae asuhaM ca suhaM ca taM duvihaM // --kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gA0 470 (ga) ekAgra cintanaM dhyAna..........."ekAgra-cintA-rodhe yaH parispandena vajitaH -zrI rAmasenAcArya, tattvAnuzAsana, zloka 38, 56 aura bhI dekheM 60-61. 3. jJAnArNava 31 sarga, 37 sarga, 41 sarga / yogasAra 7-10 prakAza / 4. draSTavya-upAdhyAya baladeva, bhA0 da0, pR0 304 5. (ka) samekIbhAve vartate"..."| samAdhAnaM manasa: ekAgratAkaraNaM zubhopayoge zuddhe vA / --bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA 64 pR0 194 (kha) yatsamyak pariNAmeSa cittasyAdhAnamaMjasA / sa samAdhiriti jJeyaH smRtirvA parameSThinAm // -jinasena, mahApurANa, 214226 6. sayala-viyappahaM jo vilau parama samAhi bhaNaM ti / teNa suhAsuha-bhAvaNA muNi sayalavi mellaM ti / / -paramAtmaprakAza, 21190 Asamastha tama Atmastha mana taba ho sake Azvasta jana
Page #17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ paMcama khaNDa | 22 bhAvArtha kundakunda ne bhI kahA hai- " vacanoccAraNa kI kriyA kA tyAga kara vItarAga bhAva se zrAtmA kA dhyAna karanA samAdhi hai / dUsare zabdoM meM saMyama, niyama, tapa aura dharmadhyAna - zukladhyAna se AtmA kA dhyAna karanA samAdhi hai|" yogadarzana meM samAdhi ke do bheda batalAye gaye haiM- (1) samprajJAtasamAdhi evaM (2) samprajJAtasamAdhi samprajJAtasamAdhi ko sabIjasamAdhi bhI kahA gayA hai| isa samAdhi meM mana eka vastu para kendrita rahatA hai| dUsare arcanArcana zabdoM meM isa avasthA meM mana kA vyApAra calatA hai| isakI tulanA cauthe guNasthAna se lekara terahaveM guNasthAnavartI yogI kI yoga avasthA se kI jA sakatI hai / haribhadra ne yogabindu meM yadhyAtma, bhAvanA, dhyAna, samatA aura vRtti-saMkSaya, ina pAMca ko adhyAtma vikAsa kI bhUmikAoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| inameM se yAdi kI cAra bhUmikAoM kI tulanA samprajJAtasamAdhi se kI jA sakatI hai / samprajJAtasamAdhi meM kisI viSaya kA cintana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / ise nirbIja-samAdhi bhI kahA gayA hai| isakI tulanA jainadarzana meM mAnya prayogakevalI se kI jA sakatI hai / haribhadra ne isa samprajJAtasamAdhi ko vRttisaMkSaya kahA hai / 3 haribhadrIya yogAMgoM ke sAtha pAtaMjala yogASTAMga kI tulanA haribhadra ne 'yogadRSTi samuccaya' meM yoga ke mitrA, tArA, balA, dIprA, sthirA, kAntA, prabhA aura parA ye ATha aMga batalAye haiM* tathA unakA vistRta svarUpa vivecana bhI kiyA hai / haribhadra ne mitrA kI yama tArA kI niyama, balA kI prAsana, dIprA kI prANAyAma, sthirA kI pratyAhAra, kAntA kI dhAraNA, prabhA kI dhyAna aura parA kI samAdhi se tulanA kI hai| , A. rAmasenIya yogASTAMga ko pAtaMjala yogASTAMga se tulanA - prAcArya rAmasena ne 'tattvAnuzAsana' ( dhyAna - zAstra ) meM yoga-sAdhana ke ATha aMga isa prakAra batalAye haiM- dhyAtA, dhyAna, dhyAna kA phala, dhyeya, dhyAnasvAmI, dhyAnakSetra, dhyAnakAla aura dhyAnAvasthA / 7 ina ATha aMgoM kA sUkSma vivecana ukta grantha meM upalabdha hotA hai / yugavIra jugalakizora mukhtAra ne prAcArya rAmasena ke ukta yoga ke ATha aMgoM kI tulanA pAtaMjala ke prATha yogAMgoM se mukhya- gauNa dRSTi evaM svarUpa Adi kI dRSTi se kI hai| udAharaNArtha yama aura niyama kA antarbhAva dharmadhyAna aura saMvara meM, dhyAna aura samAdhi kA dhyAna meM tathA Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra dhaura dhAraNA kA dhyAna kI avasthA evaM prakriyA meM antarbhAva hotA hai / 1. niyamasAra, gA. 122-123 2. haribhadra, yogabindu, kArikA 31 3. (ka) vahI, kArikA, 420, 31, 420 (kha) dRSTavya paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, samadarzI a0 haribhadra, pRSTha 101 darzana aura cintana, pRSTha 265 4. mitrA tArA balA dIprA sthirA kAMtA prabhA parA / nAmAni yogadRSTInAM lakSaNaM ca nibodht| yogadRSTisamuccaya, zloka 13 5. dRSTavya vahI zloka 21-106 1 6. yamAdiyogayuktAnAM khedAdiparihArata: / dveSAdiguNasthAnaM krameNaiSA satAM matA // yogadRSTisamuccaya, zloka 16 7. prA. rAmasena, tattvAnuzAsana, zloka 37-40
Page #18
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pAtaMjala-yoga aura jaina-yoga : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana / 23 upayukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jaina aura yoga-darzana meM yoga ke svarUpa aura usake aMgoM ke kathana meM zabdoM ke hera-phera ke sAtha samAnatA hai| yogadarzana meM jo yoga kI paramparA upalabdha hai vaha pataMjali kI maulika dena nahIM hai arthAta pataMjali yogasiddhAMta ke AviSkAraka (pratipAdaka) nahIM the| yaha siddhAMta unheM paramparA se prApta huaA thaa| lekina isa bAta se koI bhI inkAra nahIM kara sakatA hai unhoMne yoga-siddhAMta ko parimArjita kara usakA vikAsa pracAra kara use apanAne ke lie logoM ko prerita kiyA hai| prAdhyApaka, prAkRta, jainazAstra evaM ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna vaizAlI (bihAra) 244128 00 Asamastha tama Atmastha mama taba ho sake Azvasta jama www.iainelibrary.org