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________________ niyuktisAhitya : eka paricaya - DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya Agama sAhitya ke guru gaMbhIra rahasyoM ke udghATana ke liye nirmita vyAkhyA sAhitya meM niyuktiyoM kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| jaina Agama sAhitya para sarvaprathama prAkRta bhASA meM jo padyabaddha TIkAe~ likhI gaIM ve hI niyuktiyoM ke nAma se vizruta haiN| niyuktiyoM meM mUlagrantha ke pada para vyAkhyA na karake, mukhya rUpa se pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| niyuktiyoM kI vyAkhyA-zailI, nikSepa-paddhati kI hai| nikSepa paddhati meM kisI eka pada ke sambhAvita aneka artha karane ke pazcAt unameM se aprastuta arthoM kA niSedha kara prastuta artha kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| yaha paddhati jaina nyAyazAstra meM atyadhika priya rahI hai| isa zailI kA prathama darzana hameM anuyogadvAra meM hotA hai| niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ne niyukti ke liye yahI paddhati prazasta mAnI hai| niyukti kA prayojana spaSTa karate huye unhoMne likhA hai -- "eka hI zabda ke aneka artha hote haiM, kauna sA artha kisa prasaMga ke liye upayukta hai, zramaNa mahAvIra ke upadeza ke samaya kauna sA artha kisa zabda se sambaddha rahA hai, prabhRti bAtoM ko lakSya meM rakhakara artha kA samyak rUpa se nirNaya karanA aura usa artha kA mUlasUtra ke zabdoM ke sAtha sambandha sthApita karanA niyukti kA kArya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to sUtra aura artha kA nizcita sambandha batAne vAlI vyAkhyA niyukti hai -- "sUtrArthayoH parasparaM niryojana sambandhana niyuktiH3" athavA nizcaya se artha kA pratipAdana karane vAlI yukti ko niyukti kahate haiN| prasiddha jarmana vidvAna zAnTiyara ne niyukti kI vyAkhyA karate huye likhA hai "niyuktiyA~ apane pradhAna bhAga ke kevala iMDeksa kA kArya karatI haiM--- ve sabhI vistAra yukta ghaTanAvaliyoM kA saMkSepa meM ullekha karatI haiN| anuyogadArasUtra meM niyuktiyoM ke tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiM -- 1. nikSepaniyukti, 2. upodghAtaniyukti, 3. suutrsprshikniyukti| ye tInoM bheda viSaya kI vyAkhyA para AdhArita haiN| DaoN. ghATage ne niyuktiyoM ko nimna tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai -- 1. mUlaniyukti arthAt jisameM kAla ke prabhAva se kucha bhI mizraNa na huA ho| jaise "-- AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga kI niyuktiyaaN| ve niyuktiyA~ jinameM mUlabhASyoM kA sammizraNa ho gayA hai, tathApi ve vyavacchedya haiN| jaise -- dazavakAlika va aavshykniyuktiyaaN| 3. ve niyuktiyA~ jo Ajakala bhASya yA bRhadabhASya meM samAviSTa haiM inake mUla aura bhASya meM itanA sammizraNa ho gayA hai ki una donoM ko pRthak karanA dupkara hai| jaise -- nizItha Adi kI niyuktiyaaN| yaha vibhAjana vartamAna meM prApta niyukti sAhitya ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| racanAkAla -- niryaktiyoM ke kAla nirNaya ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM mataikya nahIM hai, phira bhI inakA racanAkAla vikrama saMvat 300 se 600 ke madhya mAnA jAtA hai| niyuktikAra -- jisa prakAra maharSi yAska ne vaidika pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karane ke liye nighaNTubhASya rUpa nirukta likhA, usI prakAra jainAgamoM ke pAribhASika zabdoM ke vyAkhyArtha AcAryabhadrabAhu dvitIya ne niyuktiyoM kI racanA kii| dhyAtavya hai ki niyuktikAra AcAryabhadrabAhu, caturdazapUrvadhara, chedasUtrakAra, bhadrabAhu se pRthaka hai, 48
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________________ niyuktisAhitya : eka paricaya kyoMki niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ne aneka sthaloM para chedasUtrakAra zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ko namaskAra kiyA hai| yadi chedasUtrakAra aura niyuktikAra eka hI bhadrabAhu hote to namaskAra kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA kyoMki koI bhI samajhadAra granthakAra apane Apako namaskAra nahIM karatA hai| isa saMzaya kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki bhadrabAhu nAma ke eka se adhika AcArya huye haiN| zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra caturdazapUrvadhara AcAryabhadrabAhu nepAla meM yogasAdhanA ke liye gaye the, jabaki digambara mAnyatA ke anusAra yahI bhadrabAhu nepAla meM na jAkara dakSiNa meM gaye the| ina donoM ghaTanAoM se yaha anumAna ho sakatA hai ki ye donoM bhadrabAhu bhI bhinna-bhinna vyakti the parantu niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ina donoM se bhinna tIsare vyakti the| ye caturdazapUrvadhara bhadrabAhu na hokara vikrama kI chaThIM zatAbdI meM vidyamAna eka anya hI bhadrabAhu haiM jo prasiddha jyotirvid vArAhamihira ke bhAI mAne jAte haiN| niyuktiyoM meM itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI aneka aisI bAteM AyIM haiM jo zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke bahuta kAla bAda ghaTita huii| ataH niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu dvitIya haiM jo chedasUtrakAra zrutakevalIbhadrabAhu se bhinna haiN| inakA samaya vikrama saM. 562 ke lagabhaga hai| ye aSTAMganimitta maMtravidyA ke pAragAmI arthAt naimittika ke spa meM bhI prasiddha hai, inhoMne apane bhAI ke sAtha dhArmika spardhAbhAva rakhate huye "bhadrabAhu saMhitA" evaM "upasargaharastotra" kI racanA kii| ina do granthoM ke atirikta inhoMne nimna dasa niyuktiyoM kI racanA kI-- 1. Avazyakaniyukti 4. AcArAMganiyukti 7. kalpa( bRhatkalpa)niyukti 10. RSibhASitaniryakti 2. dazavaikAlikaniyukti 5. sUtrakRtAMganiyukti 8. vyavahAraniyukti 3. uttarAdhyayananiyukti 6. dazAzrutaskandhaniyukti 9. sUryaprajJaptiniyukti AcAryabhadrabAhu kI ina dasa niyuktiyoM kA racanAkrama vahI hai jisa krama meM unhoMne Avazyakaniyukti meM niyuktiracanApratijJA kI hai| niyuktiyoM meM jo nAma, viSaya Adi Aye haiM, ve bhI isa tathya ko prakaTa karate haiN| ina dasa niyuktiyoM meM se sUryaprajJapti aura RSibhASita kI niyuktiyA~ anupalabdha hai| oghaniyukti, piNDaniyukti, paMcakalpaniyukti aura nizIthaniyukti kramazaH Avazyakaniyukti, dazavakAlikaniyukti, vRhatkalpaniyukti aura AcArAMganiyukti kI pUraka haiN| saMsaktaniyukti kramazaH Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, vRhatkalpa aura AcArAMganiyukti kI pUraka haiN| saMsaktaniyukti bAda ke kisI AcArya kI racanA hai| govindAcArya praNIta govindAniyukti bhI vartamAna meM anupalabdha hai| Avazyakaniyukti ___ AcAryabhadrabAhu praNIta dasa niyuktiyoM meM Avazyakaniyukti kI racanA sarvaprathama huI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki yaha niyukti kathya, zailI Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| isa niyukti meM aneka mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kI vizada evaM vyavasthita vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| isake bAda kI niyuktiyoM meM una viSayoM kI saMkSipta carcA karate huye vistRta vyAkhyA ke liye Avazyakaniyukti kI ora saMketa kara diyA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se anya niyuktiyoM ko samajhane ke liye Avazyakaniyukti kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| jaina Agamika sAhitya meM AvazyakasUtra kA vizeSa sthAna hai| isameM chaH adhyayana haiN| prathama adhyayana kA nAma sAmAyika hai| zeSa pA~coM adhyayana ke nAma caturviMzatistava, vandanA, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna haiN| Avazyakaniyukti isI sUtra kI AcAryabhadrabAhukRta padyAtmaka prAkRta vyAkhyA hai| isI vyAkhyA ke prathama aMza arthAta sAmAyika adhyayana se sambandhita niryakti kI vistata vyAkhyA AcAryajinabhadra ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya nAma se kI hai| isa bhASya kI bhI aneka vyAkhyAyeM huI haiM, jinameM maladhArI hemacandrakRta vyAkhyA vizeSa prasiddha hai| isake atirikta Avazyakaniyukti para aneka TIkAe~ likhI gaI haiM jo prakAzita bhI haiN| unameM se malayagirikRtavRtti, haribhadrakRtavRtti, maladhArI hemacandrakRta pradezavyAkhyA tathA 49
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________________ DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya candrasUrikRta pradezavyAkhyATippaNa, mANikyazekharakRta AvazyakaniyuktidIpikA, jinadAsagaNi mahattarakRtacUrNi evaM vizeSAvazyaka kI jinabhadra kI svopajJavRtti upodadhAta -- Avazyakaniyukti ke prArambha meM upodghAta hai, ise isa grantha kI bhUmikA kahA jA sakatA hai| isameM 880 gAthAe~ haiN| upodghAta meM Abhinibodhika, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala ina pA~ca prakAra ke jJAna, inake avAntara bheda, pratyeka kA kAla-pramANa, Abhinibodhika jJAna kI nimittabhUta pA~ca indriyA~, Abhinibodhika jJAna ke samAnArthaka zabda, akSara, saMjJI, samyaka, sAdika, saparyavasita, gamika, aMgapraviSTa, anakSara, asaMjJI, mithyA, anAdika, aparyavasita, agamika aura aMgabAhaya ina caudaha prakAra ke nikSepoM ke AdhAra para zrutajJAna, usake svarUpa va bheda evaM avadhi tathA manaHparyayajJAna ke svarUpa va prakRtiyoM kI vizada vivecanA kI gaI hai| ise jJAnAdhikAra bhI kahate haiN| isake bAda SaDAvazyakoM meM se sAmAyika ko sampUrNazruta ke Adi meM rakhate haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki zramaNa ke liye sAmAyika kA adhyayana sarvaprathama anivArya hai| sAmAyika ke adhyayana ke pazcAt hI anya Agama sAhitya ke par3hane kA vidhAna hai| cAritra kA prArambha hI sAmAyika se hotA hai, isaliye cAritra kI pA~ca bhUmikAoM meM prathama bhUmikA sAmAyika cAritra kI hai| jJAna aura cAritra ke pArasparika sambandha kI carcA karate huye, AcArya ne yahI siddha kiyA hai ki mukti ke liye jJAna aura cAritra donoM anivArya hai| cAritravihIna jJAna aura jJAnavihIna cAritra eka-dUsare se dUra Aga se ghire hue andhe aura laMgar3e ke samAna haiM, jo eka-dUsare ke abhAva meM apane mantavya para nahIM pahu~ca skte| 2 ataH jJAna va cAritra ke saMtulita samanvaya se hI mokSa prApti hotI hai| isake bAda AcArya sAmAyika ke adhikArI kI pAtratA, usakA kramazaH vikAsakrama, karmoM ke kSayopazama evaM mokSa prApti kaise hotI hai ? Adi praznoM, evaM tajjanita zaMkAoM ke samAdhAna ke sAtha upazama evaM kSapaka zreNI kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| isake pazcAt AcArya ziSya kI yogyatA ke mApadaNDa kA vyAkhyAna vidhi se nirUpaNa karate hue apane mukhya viSaya sAmAyika kA vyAkhyAna prArambha kiyA hai, jise unhoMne uddezya, nirdeza, nirgama, kSetra, kAla, puruSa, kAraNa, pratyaya Adi chabbIsa nikSepoM ke AdhAra para vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| isa krama meM nirgama kI carcA karate huye bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mithyAtvAdi se nirgamana, unake parva bhava, RSabhadeva se pUrva hone vAle kalakara, RSabhadeva ke pUrvabhava, unakI jIvanI evaM cAritra kA varNana karate huye niyuktikAra ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma evaM unake janma se sambandha rakhane vAlI teraha ghaTanAoM -- svapna, garbhApahAra, abhigraha, janma, abhiSeka, vRddhi, jAtismaraNajJAna, bhayotpAdana, apatya, dAna, sambodha aura mahAbhiniSkramaNa tathA unake indrabhUti Adi gyAraha gaNadharoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| ___ isake pazcAt AcArya ne sAmAyikasUtra ke prArambha meM Ane vAle namaskAra maMtra kI utpatti, nikSepa, pada, padArtha, prarUpaNA, vastu, AkSepa, prasiddhi, krama prayojana aura phala ina gyAraha dvAroM se vyAkhyA kI hai| paMcanamaskAra ke bAda sAmAyika kisa prakAra karanI cAhie?16 sAmAyika kA lAbha kaise hotA hai ?17 sAmAyika kA udadezya kyA hai ?18 Adi praznoM kA vizada vivecana AcArya ne kiyA hai| caturviMzatistava -- AvazyakasUtra kA dUsarA adhyayana caturviMzatistava hai| caturviMzati zabda kI nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ina cha: nikSepoM evaM stava zabda kI cAra prakAra ke nikSepoM se vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| caturviMzatistava ke liye Avazyakasatra meM "logassRjjoyagare" kA pATha hai| isakI niyukti karate huye AcArya bhadrabAhu ne loka zabda kI nAma, sthApanA, kAla, bhAva, dravya, kSetra, bhava aura paryAya -- ina ATha prakAra ke nikSepoM se vyAkhyA kI hai| isake atirikta do prakAra ke udyota2, zramaNadharma, dharma ke bheda evaM avAntara bheda, tIrtha, jina, arihanta Adi zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karate huye, anta meM niyuktikAra ne caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI nikSepa paddhati se vyAkhyA kara unake guNoM para bhI prakAza DAlA hai|2| 50
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________________ DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya vandanA tRtIya adhyayana kA nAma vandanA hai| isa adhyayana kI niyukti karate huye sarvaprathama AcArya ne vandanA ke vandanAkarma, citikarma, kRtikarma, pUjAkarma aura vinayakarma ina pA~ca paryAyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa adhyayana meM vandanA kA nau dvAroM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai -- 1. vandanA kise karanI cAhie ? 2. kisake dvArA honI cAhie ? 3. kaba honI cAhie ? 4. kitanI bAra honA cAhie ? 5. vandanA karate samaya kitanI bAra jhukanA cAhie ? 6. kitanI bAra sira jhukAnA cAhie ? 7. kitane AvazyakoM se zuddha honA cAhie ? 8. kitane doSoM se mukta honA cAhie ? evaM 9. vandanA kisaliye karanI cAhie ? 22 ina dvAroM kA nirdeza karane ke bAda vandyAvandya kA bhI savistAra vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jo dravya va bhAva se subhramaNa hai vahI vandya hai / 23 isa krama meM jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke vibhinna aMgoM kA vicAra karane ke bAda AcArya isI niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki jo darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa, vinaya Adi meM hamezA lage rahate haiM, vahI vandanIya hai aura unhIM se jinapravacana kA yaza phailatA hai| 24 vandanA karane vAlA paMcamahAvratI, Alasyarahita, mAnaparivarjitamati, saMvigna aura nirjarArthI hotA hai| 25 vandanA ke mUlapATha "icchAmikhamAsamaNo" kI sUtrasparzI vyAkhyA karate huye niryuktikAra ne (1) icchA, (2) anujJApanA, ( 3 ) avyAbAdha, ( 4 ) yAtrA, ( 5 ) yApanA aura (6) aparAdhakSamaNA ina chaH sthAnoM kI niyukti 26 nikSepoM ke AdhAra para karake vaMdanAdhyayana kI niyukti ko yahIM vizrAma de diyA hai| pratikramaNa pratikramaNa nAmaka yaha caturtha adhyayana hai / pratikramaNa kI vyAkhyA karate huye AcArya ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki-pramAda ke kAraNa AtmabhAva se jo AtmA mithyAtva Adi para sthAna meM calA jAtA hai, usakA punaH apane sthAna meM AnA pratikramaNa hai| 27 praticaraNA, pariharaNA, vAraNA, nivRtti, nindA garhA, zuddhi 28 ye pratikramaNa ke paryAya haiN| pratikramaNa para tIna dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai-- (1) pratikramaNarUpa kriyA, (2) pratikramaNa kA karttA arthAt pratikrAmaka aura (3) pratikamitavya azubhayoga rUpa krm| jIva pApakarmayogoM kA pratikrAmaka hai| isaliye jo dhyAna Adi prazasta yoga hai, unakA sAdhu ko pratikramaNa nahIM karanA caahie| pratikramaNa, daivasika, rAtrika, itvarika, yAvatkathika, pAkSika, cAturmAsika, sAMvatsarika, uttamArthaka Adi aneka prakAra kA hotA hai| paMcamahAvrata, rAtribhuktivirati, bhaktaparijJA Adi aise pratikramaNa haiM, jo yAvatkAthika yA jIvana bhara ke liye haiN| sAmAnyataH uccAra - mUtra, kapha, nasikAmala, Abhoga, anAbhoga, sahasAkAra Adi kriyAoM ke uparAnta pratikramaNa Avazyaka hai| 29 isake atirikta isa adhyayana meM AcArya ne pratiSiddha viSayoM kA AcaraNa karane, vihita viSayoM kA AcaraNa na karane, jinokta vacanoM meM zraddhA na rakhane tathA viparIta prarUpaNA karane para pratikramaNa karane kA nirdeza 30 dete hue AlocanA nirapalApa Adi battIsa yogoM kI carcA kI hai| 31 tadanantara asvAdhyAyika kI niyukti, asvAdhyAya ke bheda-prabheda evaM tajjanita pariNAmoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| kAyotsarga yaha AvazyakasUtra kA pA~cavA~ adhyayana hai| kAyotsarga kI niyukti karane ke pUrva AcArya ne prAyazcitta ke AlocanA, pratikramaNa, mizra, viveka, vyutsarga, tapa, cheda, mUla, anavasthApya aura pArAMcika ina dasa bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| kAyotsarga evaM vyutsarga ekArthaka haiN| yahA~ kAyotsarga kA artha vraNacikitsA hai jo kAyottha aura parottha do prakAra kI hotI hai| jaisA vraNa hotA hai, vaisI hI usakI cikitsA hotI hai| kAyotsarga meM do pada haiM kAya aura utsarga kAya kA nikSepa bAraha prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| ye haiM (1) nAma, (2) sthApanA, (3) zarIra, ( 4 ) gati, ( 5 ) nikAya, ( 6 ) AstikAya, ( 7 ) dravya, (8) mAtRkA, (9) saMgraha, (10) paryAya, ( 11 ) bhAra evaM (12) bhaav| utsarga kA nikSepa (1) nAma, (2) sthApanA, ( 3 ) dravya, ( 4 ) kSetra, ( 5 ) kAla aura (6) bhAva rUpa se chaH prakAra kA hai| kAyotsarga ke ceSTAkAyotsarga evaM abhibhavakAyotsarga nAmaka do vidhAna hai| bhikSAcaryA Adi meM hone vAlA ceSTAkAyotsarga evaM upasarga Adi meM hone vAlA abhibhavakAyotsarga -- -- 51
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________________ DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya hai| 2 abhibhava kAyotsarga kI kAla maryAdA adhikatama eka varSa evaM nyUnatama antarmuhata hai| isake atirikta isa adhyayana meM niyuktikAra ne kAyotsarga ke bheda parimANa34, guNa, dhyAna kA svarUpa evaM bheda35, kAyotsarga ke vividha-aticAra zuddhi-upAya, zaTha evaM azaTha bara20, kAyotsarga kI vidhi, ghoTakalata Adi unnIsa doSa 38, kAyotsarga ke adhikArI evaM kAyotsarga ke pariNAma39 kI vistRta vivecanA kI hai| pratyAkhyAna -- AvazyakasUtra kA SaSTha adhyayana pratyAkhyAna ke rUpa meM hai| AcAryabhadrabAhu ne pratyAkhyAna kA nirUpaNa chaH dRSTiyoM se kiyA hai| (1) pratyAkhyAna, (2) pratyAkhyAtA, (3) pratyAkhyeya, (4) parSada, (5) kathanavidhi evaM (6) phl|40 pratyAkhyAna ke cha: bheda hai-- (1) nAmapratyAkhyAna, (2) sthApanApratyAkhyAna, (3) dravyapratyAkhyAna, (4) AditsApratyAkhyAna, (5) pratiSedhapratyAkhyAna evaM (6) bhAvapratyAkhyAna pratyAkhyAna se Asava kA nirundhana evaM samatA kI saritA meM avagAhana hotA hai| pratyAkhyAtavya, dravya va bhAva spa se do prakAra kA hotA hai| azanAdi kA pratyAkhyAna prathama dravyapratyAkhyANya hai evaM ajJAnAdi kA pratyAkhyAna bhAvapratyAkhyAtavya hai| pratyAkhyAna ke adhikArI ko batAte hue AcArya ne kahA hai ki pratyAkhyAna kA vahI adhikArI hai jo vinIta evaM avyakSiptarUpa ho| anta meM pratyAkhyAna ke phala kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| ___ Avazyakaniyukti ke isa vistRta vivecana se sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki jainaniyukti granthoM meM Avazyakaniyukti kA kitanA mahattva hai| zramaNa jIvana kI saphala sAdhanA ke liye anivArya sabhI prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAnoM kA saMkSipta, suvyavasthita evaM marmasparzI nirupaNa Avazyakaniyukti kI eka bahuta bar3I vizeSatA hai| 2. dazavakAlikaniyukti isa niyukti ke Arambha meM AcArya ne sarvasiddhoM ko namaskAra karake isakI racanA karane kI pratijJA kI hai|41 "daza" aura "kAla" ina do padoM se sambandha rakhane vAle dazavakAlika kI nikSepa paddhati se vyAkhyA karate huye AcArya ne batAyA hai ki "daza" kA prayoga isaliye kiyA gayA hai kyoMki isameM "dasa" adhyayana hai evaM "kAla" kA prayoga isalie hai ki isa satra kI racanA usa samaya huI jabaki pauruSI vyatIta ho cukI thI athavA jo dasa adhyayana pUrvo se uddhRta kiye gaye, unakA suvyavasthita nirupaNa vikAla arthAt aparAhna meM kiyA gyaa| isIlie isa sUtra kA nAma dazavakAlika rakhA gyaa| isa sUtra kI racanA manaka nAmaka ziSya ke hetu AcAryazayambhava ne kii|8 dazavaikAlika meM drumapuSpikA Adi dasa adhyayana hai| prathama adhyayana meM dharma kI prazaMsA karate huye usake laukika aura lokottara ye do bheda evaM unake avAntara bhedoM ko batAyA gayA hai|43 dvitIya adhyayana 4 meM dhRti kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| tRtIya adhyayana 5 meM kSullakAcAra arthAt laghu-AcAra kathA kA adhikAra hai| cauthe adhyayana meM AtmasaMyama ke liye SaDjIvarakSA kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| piNDaiSaNA nAmaka paMcama adhyayana47 kI niyukti meM AcArya ne "piNDa" aura "eSaNA" ina do padoM kI nikSeparUpa se vyAkhyA karate haye bhikSAvizaddhi ke viSaya meM vizada vivecanA kI hai| chaThe adhyayana meM bahada AcAra kathA kA pratipAdana hai| saptama adhyayana vacana vibhakti kA adhikAra hai| aSTama adhyayana prANidhAna arthAta viziSTa cittadharma sambandhI hai| navama adhyayana meM vinaya kA evaM dasaveM 2 adhyayana meM bhikSu kA adhikAra hai| ina adhyayanoM ke atirikta isa sUtra meM do cUlikAe~ haiM -- prathama cUlikA meM saMyama meM sthirIkaraNa kA aura dUsarI meM vivivattacaryA kA varNana hai| dazavakAlikaniyukti para aneka TIkAe~ evaM cUrNi likhI gaIM haiM, jinameM jinadAsagaNimahattara kI cUrNi adhika prasiddha hai| 3. uttarAdhyayananiyukti dazavakAlika kI bhA~ti isa niyukti meM bhI aneka pAribhASika zabdoM kI nikSepa dRSTi se vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| 52
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________________ DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya isameM 607 gAthAe~ hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhagavAna jinendra ke upadeza 36 adhyayanoM meM saMgrahIta haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke "uttara" pada kA artha kramottara bata adhyayana pada kA artha batAte huye kahA gayA hai ki jisase jIvAdi padArthoM kA adhigama arthAt pariccheda hotA hai yA jisase zIghra hI abhISTa artha kI siddhi hotI hai, vahI adhyayana 53 hai| cU~ki adhyayana se aneka bhavoM se Ate huye karmaraja kA kSaya hotA hai, isalie use bhAvAdhyayana kahate haiN| isake pazcAt AcArya ne zrutaskaMdha 54 kA nikSepa karate hue vinayazruta, pariSaha, caturaMgIya, asaMskRta Adi chattIsa adhyayanoM kI vivecanA kI hai| isa niyukti meM zikSAprada kathAnakoM kI bahulatA hai| jaise gaMdhAra, zrAvaka, tosaliputra, sthUlabhadra, kAlaka, skandaputra, parAzaraRSi, karakaNDu Adi pratyekabuddha evaM harikeza mRgAputra Adi kI kathAoM kA saMketa hai| isake atirikta nihnava, bhadrabAhu ke cAra ziSyoM evaM rAjagRha ke vaimAra parvata kI guphA meM zItaparISahoM se evaM maccharoM ke ghora upasarga se kAlagata hone kA bhI varNana hai| isameM aneka uktiyA~ sUktoM ke rUpa meM haiN| jaise "bhAvAmma u pavvajjA ArambhapariggahaccAo55 arthAt hiMsA va parigraha kA tyAga hI bhAvapravrajyA hai| kAvyAtmaka evaM manohArI sthaloM kA bhI abhAva isa niyukti meM nahIM hai| jaise aviruggayae sUrie vaiyathuma gaya vAyase bhittI gamae va Apane -- sahi suhio hu jaNo na vujjhaI 56 arthAt sUrya kA udaya ho cukA hai, caityastambha para baiTha-baiTha kara kAga bola rahe haiM, sUrya kA prakAza dIvAroM para car3ha gayA hai kintu phira bhI he sakhi ! yaha abhI so hI rahe haiN| 4. AdhArAMganiyukti uttarAdhyayananiyukti ke pazcAt evaM sUtrakRtAMganiryukti ke pUrva racita yaha niyukti AcArAMgasUtra ke donoM zrutaskandhoM para hai| isameM 347 gAthAe~ haiN| AcArAMganiryukti ke prArambha meM maMgalagAthA hai, jisameM sarvasiddhoM ko namaskAra kara isakI racanA karane kI pratijJA kI gaI hai| tatpazcAt AcAra, aMga zruta, skandha, brahma, caraNa, zastra - parijJA, saMjJA aura dizA kA nikSepa kiyA gayA hai| 57 AcArAMga kA pravartana sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ne tIrtha pravartana ke Adi meM kiyA evaM zeSa gyAraha aMgoM kA AnupUrvI se nirmANa huA 58, aisA AcArya kA mata hai| AcArAMga dvAdazAMgI meM prathama kyoM hai, isa prazna kA uttara dete hue kahA gayA hai ki isameM mokSa ke upAya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA . jo ki sampUrNa pravacana kA sAra hai| 59 aMgoM kA sAra AcArAMga hai, AcArAMga kA sAra anuyogArtha, anuyogArtha kA sAra prarUpaNA, prarUpaNA kA sAra caraNa, caraNa kA sAra nirvANa evaM nirvANa kA sAra avyAbAdha hai, jo sAdhaka kA antima dhyeya hai| 60 AcArAMga meM nau brahmacaryAmidhAyI adhyayana, aThAraha hajAra pada evaM pA~ca cUr3Ae~ haiN| 61 nau adhyayanoM meM prathama kA adhikAra jIva saMyama hai, dvitIya kA karmavijaya, tRtIya kA sukha-duHkha titikSA, caturtha kA samyakatva kI dRr3hatA, paMcama kA lokasAraratnatrayArAdhanA, SaSTha kA niHsaMgatA, saptam kA mohasamattha parISahopasarga sahanatA, aSTam kA nirvANa arthAt antakriyA evaM navam kA jinapratipAdita arthazraddhAna hai| dvitIya uddezaka meM pRthvI Adi kA nikSepa paddhati se vicAra karate huye unake vividha bheda-prabhedoM kI carcAe~ kI gaIM haiN| isameM vadha ko kRta, kArita evaM anumodita tIna prakAra kA batAte hue apakAya, tejaskAya, vanaspatikAya, sakAya aura vAyukAya jIvoM kI hiMsA ke sambandha meM carcA kI gayI hai| dvitIya adhyayana loka vijaya haiM, jisameM kaSAya vijaya ko hI lokavijaya kahA gayA hai| 62 53
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________________ tRtIya adhyayana zItoSNIya hai, jisameM zIta va uSNa padoM kA nikSepa vidhi se vyAkhyAna karate hue strI parISaha evaM satkAra parISaha ko zIta evaM zeSa bIsa ko uSNaparISaha batAyA gayA hai 163 samyakatva nAmaka caturtha adhyayana ke cAroM uddezakoM meM kramazaH samyak darzana, samyak jJAna, samyak - tapa evaM samyak cAritra kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| 64 niryuktisAhitya : eka paricaya paMcama adhyayana lokasAra ke chaH uddezakoM meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki sampUrNa loka kA sAra dharma, dharma kA sAra jJAna, jJAna kA sAra saMyama aura saMyama kA sAra nirvANa hai| 65 dhUta nAmaka SaSTa adhyayana ke pA~ca uddezaka haiM jisameM vastrAdi ke prakSAlana ko dravya dhUta evaM ATha prakAra ke karmoM ke kSaya ko bhAvadhUta 66 batAyA gayA hai| saptama adhyayana vyavacchinna hai| aSTam adhyayana vimokSa ke ATha uddezaka haiN| vimokSa kA nAmAdi chaH prakAra kA nikSepa karate hue bhAvavimokSa ke dezavimokSa va sarvavimokSa do prakAra batAye gaye haiN| sAdhu dezavimukta evaM siddha sarvavimukta hai| 67 adhyayana upadhAnazruta meM niyuktikAra ne batAyA hai ki tIrthaMkara jisa samaya utpanna hotA hai vaha usa samaya apane tIrtha meM upadhAnazrutAdhyayana meM tapaH karma kA varNana karatA hai| 68 upadhAna ke dravyopadhAna evaM bhAvopadhAna do bheda kiye gaye haiN| dvitIya zrutaskandha -- prathama zrutaskandha meM jina viSayoM para cintana kiyA gayA hai, una viSayoM ke sambandha meM jo kucha avazeSa raha gayA thA yA jinake samasta vivakSita artha kA abhidhAna na kiyA jA sakA, usakA varNana dvitIya zrutaskandha meM hai| ise agrazrutaskandha bhI kahate haiN| cUlikAoM kA parimANa isa prakAra hai "piNDaiSaNA" se lekara "avagraha pratimA" adhyayana paryanta sAta adhyayanoM kI prathama cUlikA, saptasaptatikA nAmaka dvitIya cUlikA, bhAvanA nAmaka tRtIya, vimukti nAmaka caturtha evaM nizItha nAmaka paMca cUlikA hai| 69 5. sUtrakRtAMganiryukti isa niyukti meM 205 gAthAe~ haiN| prArambha meM sUtrakRtAMga 70 zabda kI vyAkhyA ke pazcAt amba, ambarISa, zyAma, zabala, rudra, avarudra, kAla, mahAkAla, asipala, dhanu, kumbha, bAluka, vaitaraNI, kharasvara aura mahAghoSa nAmaka pandraha paramAdhArmikoM ke nAma ginAye gaye haiN| gAthA 119 meM AcArya ne 363 matAntaroM kA nirdeza kiyA hai, jisameM 180 kriyAvAdI, 84 akriyAvAdI, 67 ajJAnavAdI aura 32 vainayika haiN| isake atirikta ziSya aura zikSaka ke bheda-prabhedoM kI bhI vivecanA kI gaI hai| 71 6. dazAzrutaskandhaniryukti yaha niryukti dazAzrutaskandha nAmaka chedasUtra para hai| prArambha meM niyuktikAra ne dazA, kalpa aura vyavahAra zruta ke kartA sakalazrutajJAnI zrutakevalI AcAryabhadrabAhu ko namaskAra kiyA hai| 72 tadanantara dasa adhyayanoM ke adhikAroM kA varNana kiyA hai| prathama adhyayana asamAdhisthAna kI niyukti meM dravya va bhAva samAdhi kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| dvitIya adhyayana zabala kI niyukti meM cAra nikSepoM ke AdhAra para zabala kI vyAkhyA karate huye AcAra se bhinna arthAt aMzataH gire vyakti ko bhAvazabala kahA gayA hai| 1 tRtIya adhyayana AzAtanA kI niyukti meM mithyA pratipAdana sambandhI evaM lAbha sambandhI do AzAtanA kI carcA kI gaI hai| 54
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________________ DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya gaNisaMpadA nAmaka caturtha adhyayana meM gaNi evaM saMpadA padoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue "gaNi" va "guNI" ko ekArthaka batAyA gayA hai| AcAra ko prathama gaNisthAna diyA gayA hai kyoMki isake adhyayana se zramaNa dharma kA jJAna hotA hai| saMpadA ke dravya va bhAva do bheda karate hue AcArya ne zarIra saMpadA ko dravyasaMpadA evaM AcArasaMpadA ko bhAvasaMpadA kA nAma diyA hai|73 cittasamAdhisthAna nAmaka paMcama adhyayana kI niyukti meM upAsaka evaM pratimA kA nikSepapUrvaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai| citta va samAdhi kI cAra nikSepoM ke AdhAra para vyAkhyA karate hue rAga-dveSarahita citta ke vizuddha dharma-dhyAna meM lIna hone kI avasthA ko bhAvasamAdhi kahA gayA hai| upAsakapratimA nAmaka SaSTha adhyayana meM "upAsaka" aura "pratimA" kA nikSepapUrvaka cintana karate hue upAsaka ke dravyopAsaka, tadarthopAsaka, mohopAsaka evaM bhAvopAsaka rUpa cAra bhedoM evaM zramaNopAsaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| saptam adhyayana bhikSupratimA kA hai isameM bhAva bhikSu kI samAdhipratimA, upadhAnapratimA, vivekapratimA, pratisalInapratimA evaM eka bihArapratimA kA ullekha hai| aSTam adhyayana kI niyukti meM pardUSaNAkalpa kA vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai| pariksanA, paySaNA, varSAvAsa, prathamasamavaraNa Adi ko ekArthaka kahA gayA hai| navam adhyayana mohanIya sthAna kA hai, jisameM mohanAmAdi bheda se cAra prakAra kA hai| pApa, vaira, vayaM, paMka, asAha, saMga Adi moha ke paryAyavAcI haiM, aisA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ajAti sthAna nAmaka dazam adhyayana meM ajAti arthAt janma-maraNa se vimukti-mokSa kaise prApta hotA hai, kA vizada vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 7. bRhatkalpaniyukti yaha niyuktibhASyamizrita avasthA meM milatI hai| sarvaprathama tIrthaMkaroM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| 4 taduparAnta jJAna aura maMgala meM kathaMcita bheda-abheda karate hue jJAna ke vividha bhedoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| maMgala ke nAmamaMgala, sthApanAmaMgala, dravyamaMgala evaM bhAvamaMgala kI nikSepa paddhati se vyAkhyA karate hue anuyoga, upakrama, anugama aura naya ina cAra anuyoga dvAroM kI carcA kI gaI hai| isake atirikta niyuktikAra ne saparigraha-aparigraha, jinakAlpika evaM sthavirakAlpika ke AhAra-vihAra kI carcA karate hue AryakSetra ke bAhara vicaraNa karane se lagane vAle doSoM kA skandakAcArya ke dRSTAnta ke sAtha digdarzana karAyA hai| sAtha hI jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI rakSA aura vRddhi ke liye Arya kSetra ke bAhara vicaraNa kI AjJA evaM saMpratirAja ke dRSTAnta se usake samarthana kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| yaha niyukti svatantra na rahakara bRhatkalpabhASya meM mizrita ho gaI hai| 8. vyavahAraniyukti bahatkalpa meM zramaNa jIvana kI sAdhanA kA jo zabda-citra prastuta kiyA gayA evaM utsarga va apavAda kA jo vivecana kiyA gayA, unhIM viSayoM para vyavahAra meM bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vyavahAraniyukti meM adhikatara unhIM athavA usI prakAra ke viSayoM kA vivecana hai jo bRhatkalpaniyukti meM upalabdha hai| ataH ye donoM niyuktiyA~ eka-dUsare kI pUraka haiN| 9. sUryaprajJaptiniyukti evaM 10. RSibhASitaniyukti anupalabdha hai, jisakI anya niyuktiyoM ke sAtha saMkSipta paricayAtmaka carcA kreNge| 55
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________________ niyuktisAhitya : eka paricaya anya niyuktiyA~ -- upalabdha ina ATha niyuktiyoM ke atirikta kucha aura niyuktiyA~ bhI haiM, jo nimna haiM --- saMsaktaniyukti -- yaha niyukti kisa Agama para likhI gaI hai, isa sambandha meM koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| kitane hI vidvAna ise bhadrabAhu kI racanA mAnate haiM, kitane unake bAda ke kisI AcArya kI racanA mAnate haiN| caurAsI AgamoM meM isakA bhI ullekha hai| nizIthaniyukti -- yaha niyukti eka prakAra se AcArAMganiyukti kA eka aMga hai, kyoMki AcArAMganiyukti ke anta meM svayaM niyuktikAra ne likhA hai ki paMcamacUlikAnizItha kI niyukti maiM bAda meM kruuNgaa| yaha niyukti nizIthabhASya meM isa prakAra se samAviSTa ho gaI hai ki ise alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, isameM mukhya rUpa se zramaNAcAra kA ullekha hai| govindaniyukti -- isa niyukti meM darzana sambandhI mantavyoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| AcArya govinda ne ekendriya jIvoM kI saMsiddhi ke liye isakA nirmANa kiyA thaa| yaha kisI eka Agama para na hokara svatantra racanA hai| bRhatkalpabhASya, AvazyakacUrNi evaM nizIthacUrNi meM isakA ullekha milatA hai| yaha vartamAna meM yaha upalabdha nahIM hai| ArAdhanAniyukti -- yaha bhI vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai| caurAsI AgamoM meM "ArAdhanApatAkA" nAmaka eka Agama hai, sambhava hai yaha niyukti usI para ho| mUlAcAra meM vaTTakerasvAmI ne isakA ullekha kiyA hai| zaribhASitaniyukti -- caurAsI AgamoM meM RSibhASita kA bhI nAma hai| pratyeka buddhoM dvArA bhASita hone se yaha RSibhASita ke nAma se vizruta hai| isa para bhI bhadrabAhu ne niyukti likhI thIM para vartamAna meM anupalabdha haiN| sUryaprazaptiniyukti -- yaha bhI vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai parantu AcArya malayagiri kI vRtti meM isakA nAma nirdeza huA hai| isameM sUrya kI gati Adi tathA jyotiSazAstra sambandhI tathyoM kA sundara nirUpaNa huA hai| inake atirikta piNDaniyukti, oghaniyukti evaM paMcakalpaniyukti svatantra grantha na hokara kramazaH dazavaikAlika, Avazyaka aura bRhatkalpaniyukti kI hI saMpUraka haiN| isa prakAra jaina paramparA ke mahattvapUrNa viziSTa pAribhASika zabdoM kI spaSTa vyAkhyA jo niyukti sAhitya meM huI hai vaha apUrda hai| inhIM vyAkhyAoM ke AdhAra para bAda meM bhASyakAra, cUrNikAra evaM vRttikAroM ne apane abhISTa granthoM kA sRjana kiyA hai| niyuktiyoM kI racanA karake bhadrabAhu ne jaina sAhitya kI jo viziSTa sevA kI hai, vaha jaina Agamika kSetra meM sarvathA avismaraNIya hai|
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________________ niyuktisAhitya : eka paricaya sandarbha-grantha 1. 2. 8. 9. 12. 15. 16. anuyogadvAra, pR. 18 aura Age Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 88 vahI, gAthA 83 nizcayena arthapratipAdikA yuktiniyukti : AcArAMganiyukti, 1/2/1 uttarAdhyayana kI bhUmikA, pR. 50-51 Dr. Ghatge, Indian Historical Quarterly, Vol. 12, p. 270 vaMdAmi bhaddabAhuM pAINaM carimasagalasuyanANi / suttassa kAragamisi dasAsu kappe ya vvhaare|| - dazAzrutaskaMdhaniyukti, 1 Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 79-85 gaNadharavAda prastAvanA, pR. 15-16 Avazvakaniyukti, gAthA 17-19 sAmAiyamAiyAiM ekkArassa ahijji| -- antaHkRtadazAMga prthmvrg| Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 94-103 vahI, gAthA 459 vahI, gAthA 594 vahI, gAthA 881 vahI, gAthA 1023-1034 vahI, gAthA 1035 vahI, gAthA 1059 vahI, gAthA 1064 vahI, gAthA 1066-68 vahI, gAthA 1087-89 vahI, gAthA 110-11 vahI, gAthA 1145-47 vahI, gAthA 1167-1200 vahI, gAthA 1204 vahI, gAthA 1223 svasthAnAtyatparasthAnaM pramAdasya vazAdgahaH / tatraiva kramaNaM bhUyaH prtikrmnnmucyte| - Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 1236 vahI, gAthA 1238 vahI, gAthA 1244-46 vahI, gAthA 1268 vahI, gAthA 1269-1273 vahI, gAthA 1447 vahI, gAthA 1453 30. 31. 32.
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________________ DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya 42. 48. 49. 34. vahI, gAthA 1454-55 35. vahI, gAthA 1458 36. vahI, gAthA 1536-38 vahI, gAthA 1539-40 38. vahI, gAthA 1541-42 39. vahI, gAthA 1545 40. vahI, gAthA 1550 41.(ka) dazavaikAlikaniyukti, haribhadrIya vivaraNa sahita : prakAzaka devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI, 1918 (kha) niyukti va mUla : sampAdaka E. Leumann ZDMG bhAga 46, pR. 589-663 dazavaikAlikaniyukti, gAthA 12-15 43. vahI, gAthA 26-148 44. vahI, gAthA 152-177 45. vahI, gAthA 178-215 vahI, gAthA 216-231 vahI, gAthA 232-244 vahI, gAthA 245-262 vahI, gAthA 269-286 vahI, gAthA 287-294 51. vahI, gAthA 309-322 2. vahI, gAthA 328-347 53. . uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 5-7 vahI, gAthA 12-26 55. zAstrI, vijayamuni Agama aura vyAkhyA sAhitya eka parizIlana, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA 1964, pR.60 56. vahI, pR. 61 57. AcArAMganiyukti, gAthA 1 vahI, gAthA 8 59. vahI, gAthA 9 vahI, gAthA 16-17 61. vahI, gAthA 11 vahI, gAthA 175 63. vahI, gAthA 197-213 vahI, gAthA 214-215 vahI, gAthA 244 vahI, gAthA 249-250 67. vahI, gAthA 257-259 vahI, gAthA 275 69. vahI, gAthA 297 58 54. 000
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________________ niyuktisAhitya : eka paricaya 70. 71. 72. 73. sUtrakRtAMganiyukti, gAthA 18-20 vahI, gAthA 127-131 dazAzrutaniyukti, 1 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR. 121 bRhatkalpaniyukti, gAthA 1 vahI, gAthA 3-5 vahI, gAthA 3271, 3289 paMcamacUlanisIhaM tassa ya uvariM bhnniihaami| AcArAMganiyukti, gAthA 347 76. 77. *pravaktA - pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI 59