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________________ mahAkavi dhanapAla : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva vacana zrI dhanapAlasya candanaM malayasya ca / sarasaM hRdi vinyasya ko'bhUnnAma na nirvRtaH / / ' (dhanapAla kavi ke sarasa vacana aura malayagiri ke sarasa candana ko apane hRdaya meM rakhakara kauna sahRdaya tRpta nahIM hotaa|) saMskRta bhASA ke gadyakAvya kA zreSTha pratinidhitva karane vAle tIna mahAkavi, vidvajjanoM meM atyanta vikhyAta haiM-daNDI, subandhu aura baann| saMskRta-gadya sAhitya kI eka prauDha racanA "tilakamaJjarI" ke praNetA mahAkavi dhanapAla bhI usa kavitrayI ke madhya gauravapUrNa pada pAne ke yogya haiM / / dhanapAla, saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASA ke prakANDa paNDita the| apane prauDha jJAna ke kAraNa ve "siddhasArasvata dhanapAla"2 ke nAma se prasiddha the| unhoMne gadya aura padya, donoM meM aneka racanAyeM kI haiM, kintu unakI "tilaka maJjaro" apane zabda saundarya, arthagAmbhIrya, alaGkAra naipuNya, varNana vaicitrya, rasa-ramaNIyatA aura bhAva pravaNatA ke kAraNa, lagabhaga eka hajAra varSoM se vidvAnoM kA manoraJjana karatI calI pA rahI hai| prAyaH sabhI Alocaka "tilakamaJjarI" ko "kAdambarI" kI zreNI meM biThAne ke lie eka mata haiN| jIvana paricaya tathA samaya-gadya kAvya kI paramparA ke anusAra kavi ne tilakamaJjarI ke prArambhika padyoM meM apanA tathA apane pUrvajoM kA paricaya diyA hai / isake atirikta, prabhAvaka carita (prabhAcandrAcArya) ke "mahendrasUri prabandha," prabandha cintAmaNi (merutuGgAcArya) ke "mahAkavi dhanapAla prabandha" samyaktva-saptatikA (saMghatilaka sUri) bhoja prabandha (ratna mandira gaNi), upadeza kalpavallI (indra haMsagaNi), kathAratnAkara (hema vijaya gaNi), Atmaprabodha (jinalAbha sUri), upadeza prAsAda (vijaya lakSmI sUri) Adi granthoM meM kavi kA paricaya spaSTa rUpa se upalabdha hotA hai| dhanapAla, ujjayinI ke nivAsI the| ye varNa se brAhmaNa the| inake pitAmaha "devarSi" madhyadezIya sAMkAzya nAmaka grAma (vartamAna pharukhAbAda jilA meM "saMkisa" nAmaka grAma) ke mUla nivAsI the aura ujjayinI meM A base the| inake pitA kA nAma thA sarvadeva, jo samasta vedoM ke jJAtA aura kriyAkANDa meM pUrNa niSNAta the| sarvadeva ke do putra-prathama dhanapAla aura dvitIya zobhana, tathA eka putrI-sundarI thii| 1-'tilakamaJjarI' parAga TIkA, prakAzaka, lAvaNya vijaya sUrIzvara jJAna mandira, boTAda ( saurASTra ) (saMketa-tilaka. parAga0) pRSTha 24, prastAvanA meM likhita / 2-'samasyAmarpayAmAsa siddhasArasvataH kaviH' prabhAvaka carita, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, IsvI san 1940 3-tilakamaJjarI, padya naM0 51, 52, 53 4-tilaka. parAga prastAvika pRSTha 26
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________________ 106 DaoN0 harIndra bhUSaNa jaina dhanapAla ne bacapana se hI abhyAsa karake sampUrNa kalAoM ke sAtha veda, vedAGga, smRti, purANa Adi kA pragAr3ha adhyayana kiyA / inakA vivAha 'dhanazrI' nAmaka atikulIna kanyA ke sAtha huaa| ___ kahA jAtA hai ki dhanapAla ke anuja zobhana ne mahendra sUri ke nikaTa jaina-dIkSA svIkAra kI thii| dhanapAla yadyapi kaTTara brAhmaNa the kintu apane anuja se prabhAvita hokara anta meM unhoMne bhI jaina dharma svIkAra kiyA / dhanapAla, mAlava deza ke adhipati dhArAdhIza muJjarAja ( vi0 saM01031-1078 ) tathA unake bhrAtR putra bhojarAja ke sabhApaNDita the| bhojarAja kA rAjyAdhirohaNa kAla vi0 saM0 1078 hai| ataH dhanapAla kA samaya nizcita rUpa se vikrama kI 11 vIM zatAbdI samajhanA cAhie / 2 racanAyeM-dhanapAla ne saMskRta aura prAkRta meM aneka racanAyeM kI haiN| unakI prAkRta ko racanAoM meM "pAiyalacchI nAmamAlA" "RSabha patra cAzikA3' aura 'vIrathuI' prasiddha haiN| RSabha paJcAzikA aura vIrathuI meM kramazaH bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura mahAvIra kI aneka padyoM meM stuti kI gaI hai| saMskRta meM jo sthAna amarakoza kA hai, prAkRta meM vahI sthAna pAiyalacchI-nAma mAlA kA hai / dhanapAla ne apanI choTI bahana sundarI ke lie vikrama saM0 1026 (I0 san 672) meM dhArA nagarI meM isa koza kI racanA kI thii| prAkRta kA yaha eka mAtra koza hai| vyUlara ke anusAra isameM dezI zabda, kula eka cauthAI haiM / bAkI tatsama aura tadbhava haiN| isameM 276 gAthAyeM AryA chanda meM haiM jinameM paryAyavAcI zabda die gae haiN| inake atirikta, satyapurIya-mahAvIra-utsAha, zrAvaka vidhi prakaraNa, prAkRta nAma mAlA, zobhana stuti vRtti prAdi grantha bhI unhoMne likhe haiM / zobhana stuti-vRtti , apane anuja zobhana sUri dvArA likhita "zobhana stuti" para dhanapAla kA TIkA grantha hai| tilakamaJjarI-dhanapAla ne aneka granthoM kI racanA kI kintu jisa grantha kI racanA se unheM sabase adhika yaza milA usakA nAma hai-'tilakamaJjarI' yaha saMskRta bhASA kA zreSTha gadya kAvya hai| isameM vidyAdharI tilakamaJjarI aura samaraketu kI praNaya-gAthA citrita kI gaI hai| isa grantha kI racanA kA 1-prabandha cintAmaNi (dhanapAla prabandha) tathA prabhAvaka carita (mahendrasUri prabandha) 2-tilaka. parAga0 'prAstAvika' pR0 26 / 3-jarmana prAcya vidyA samiti kI patrikA ke 33 veM khaNDa meM prakAzita / I0 san 1890 meM kAvya mAlA ke sAtaveM bhAga meM, bambaI se prakAzita / bhAvacUNi RSabha paJcAzikA ke sAtha vIrathuI, 'devacandra lAla bhAI grantha mAlA' bambaI kI ora se san 1933 meM prakAzita. 4-genorga vyUlara dvArA saMpAdita hokara goerigaMna (jarmanI) se san 1876 meM prakAzita / gulAba bhAI lAlUbhAI dvArA saMvat 1973 meM bhAvanagara se prakAzita / paM0 becaradAsa jI dvArA saMzodhita hokara, bambaI se prakAzita / 5--tilaka0 parAga0 pR0 28.
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________________ mahAkavi dhanapAla : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva 107 uddezya svayaM kavi ne isa prakAra likhA hai- 'samasta vAG maya ke jJAtA hone para bhI jinAgama meM kahI gaI kathAoM ke jAnane ke utsuka, nirdoSa carita vAle, samrAT bhojarAja ke vinodana ke lie, maiMne isa camatkAra se paripUrNa rasoM vAlI kathA kI racanA kI / ( tilakamaJjarI, padya naM0 50 ) kahA jAtA hai ki tilakamaJjarI kI samApti ke pazcAt bhojarAja ne svayaM isa grantha ko prAdyopAnta par3hA / grantha kI adbhutatA se prabhAvita hokara bhojarAja ne dhanapAla se yaha icchA vyakta kI ki unheM isa kAvya kA nAyaka banA diyA jaay| isa kArya ke upalakSa meM kavi ko zraparimita dhanarAzi upahAra meM pradAna kie jAne kA AzvAsana bhI diyA gayA, kintu dhanapAla ne aisA karane se asvIkAra kara diyA / isa para bhojarAja pratyanta kruddha ho gae aura tatkAla unhoMne vaha samasta racanA gragnideva ko bheMTa kara dI / isa ghaTanA se dhanapAla atyanta udvigna ho ge| unakI nau varSa kI bAla paNDitA putrI ne unake udvega kA kAraNa jAnakara, unheM dhIraja bandhAyA aura tilakamaJjarI kI mUlaprati kA smaraNa karake usakA AdhA bhAga pitA ko muMha se bola kara likhavA diyaa| dhanapAla ne zeSa Adhe bhAga kI punaH racanA karake tilakamaJjarI ko sampUrNa kiyA / yadyapi samasta kathA gadya meM kahI gayI hai kintu grantha ke prArambha meM aneka vRttoM meM 53 padya haiM / inameM maMgalAcaraNa, sajjana stuti evaM durjananindA, kavivaMza paricaya Adi una sabhI bAtoM kA varNana hai jinakA zAstrIya dRSTi se gadya kAvya ke prArambha meM varNana honA cAhie / 2 ina padyoM meM dhanapAla ne apane AzrayadAtA samrAT, unake paramAra vaMza aura unake pUrvajoM zrI berisiMha, zrI harSa, sIyaka, sindhurAja, vAkpatirAja kA bhI varNana kiyA hai / tilakamaJjarI aura kAdambarI kI tulanA - kAdambarI tathA tilakamaJjarI meM aneka prakAra se samAnatA hai / saca bAta to yaha hai ki tilakamaJjarI kI racanA hI kAdambarI ke anukaraNa para hai / tilakamaJjarI kI kavi prazasti meM jitanA Adara dhanapAla ne kAdambarIkAra bAraNa ko diyA, utanA kisI anya dUsare kavi ko nahIM / apane se pUrvavartI prAyaH sabhI kaviyoM kA yazogAna, dhanapAla ne eka eka padya meM kiyA hai kintu bANa kA do padyoM meM / ( tilakamaJjarI padya naM0 26, 27) zAstrIya dRSTikoNa se tulanA karane para donoM kathAoM meM atyadhika sAmya pratIta hotA hai / kavi kalpita hone se kAdambarI bhI kathA hai aura tilakamaJjarI bhI / 3 jaise kAdambarI meM muktakAdi cAroM prakAra kI gadya kA prayoga hone para bhI 'utkalikAprAya' gadya kI bahulatA hai usI prakAra tilakamaJjarI meM bhI / 4 1 - prabandha cintAmaNi ( dhanapAla prabandha ) 2 - 'kathAyAM sarasaM vastu gadyaireva vinirmitam / kvacidatrabhavedA kvacid vaktrApavaktra ke / zrAdau padya namaskAra: khalA deta kIrtanam / "kaverva zAnu kIrtanam / aspAmanya ka vInAM ca vRttaM padya kvacit kvacit' sAhitya darpaNa, 6, 332-334 3- 'AravyApikopalabdhArthA prabandha kalpanA kathA' zramarakoza' / 4 - 'vRttagandhojjhita gadya muktakaM vRttagandhi ca / bhavedutkAlikAprAyaM cUrNakaJcacatuvidham / / Adya samAsarahitaM vRtta bhAgayutaM param / anyaddIrgha samAsAdayaM turyaJcAlpasamAsakam / / ' sAhitya darpaNa 6, 330, 331
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________________ 108 - DaoN. harIndra bhUSaNa jaina - kAdambarI kA nAyaka candrApIDa, anukUla evaM dhIrodAtta hai| tilakamaJjarI kA nAyaka samaraketu bhI anukUla evaM dhIrodAtta hai|' kAdambarI kI nAyikA gandharvo ke kula meM utpanna, kAdambarI, vivAha ke pahale parakIyA evaM mugdhA tathA vivAha ke pazcAt svakIyA evaM madhyA hai| isI prakAra tilakamaJjarI kI nAyikA vidyAdharI tilakamaJjarI pahale parakIyA evaM mugdhA tathA pazcAt svakIyA evaM madhyA hai| kAdambarI meM, pUrvAddha meM tathA kucha uttarArddha meM 'pUrvarAga vipralambha zRgAra, tathA zeSa uttarArdha meM karaNa vipralambha zRgAra' pradhAna rasa hai| tilakamaJjarI meM kevala 'pUrvarAga vipralambha zRgAra' hI pradhAna rasa hai / kAdambarI aura tilakamaJjarI donoM kI pAJcAlI rIti aura mAdhurya guNa hai / donoM kathAoM kA prAramma padyoM se hotA hai| ina padyoM ke viSaya sajjana-durjana-stuti nindA, kavivaMza varNana Adi bhI samAna haiN| ina padyoM meM bANa ne 'kathA' ke sambandha meM apane vicAra prakaTa kie haiN| dhanapAla ne bhI ina prArambhika padyoM meM gadya, kathA aura campU ke sambandha meM apanI dhAraNA spaSTa kI hai| donoM kathAnoM meM gadya ke bIca meM kucha padyoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai|4 kAdambarI tathA tilakamaJjarI ke kathAnaka meM bhI yatra tatra samAnatA dikhAI detI hai| kAdambarI meM ujjayinI ke rAjA tArApIr3a aura unakI patnI vilAsavatI, ni:saMtAna hone ke kAraNa atyanta duHkhI haiM / 1-'anukUla ekanirataH' 'avikatthanaH kSamAvAnatigambhIro mahAsattvaH / sthe yAnnigUDhamAno dhIrodAtto dRr3ha vrataH kathitaH / / 2-kAdambarI-kalpalatA TIkA (haridAsa siddhAnta vAgIza bhaTTAcArya) 'sAhitya darpaNa' kA svarUpanAyikAdi nirUpaNa tathA tilakamaJjarI (parAga TIkA) kI prastAvanA / 'parakIyA dvidhA proktA parIDhA kanyakA tathA / kanyA tvajAtopayamA salajjA navayauvanA / prathamAvatIrNa yauvanamadanavikArA ratau vaamaa| kathitA mRduzca mAne samadhikalajjAvato mugdhA / / pariNayAt parantu svakIyA madhyA ca mantavyA, 'sAhitya darpaNa' 'yatra tu ratiH prakRSTA nAbhISTa mupaiti vipralambho'sau' .. . 'zravaNAddarzanAdavApi mitha: saMrUDharAgayoH / dazAvizeSo yo'prApau pUrvarAgaH sa ucyate / ' 'yUno rekatarasmin gatavati lokAntaraM punarlabhye / vimanAyate yadekastadA bhavet karUNavipralambhAkhyaH / / cittadravI bhAvamayo hlAdo mAdhurya mucyate' 'samastapaJcaSapadobandho pAJcAlikA matAM' sAhitya darpaNa 3-kAdambarI padya naM0 8, 6 tathA tilakamaJjarI padya naM0 15, 16, 17, 18. . . 4-kAdambarI-'statama snAta......'zuka prasaMzA prakaraNa (pUrvabhAga-kathAmukha), _ 'dUraM mumtAlatayA ... ' madanAkulamahAzvetAvasthA prakaraNa (pUrvabhAga-kathA) tilaka maMjarI-'yasya doSNi sphuraddha to ......' 'latAvanaparikSipe.. ....... . 1 meghavAhana nRpa varNana prasaMga / 'antardagdhAguruzucAvApa.......' 'dRSTyA varasya varasya .... ' ', 'pADhyazroNidaridramadhyasaraNi......' rAnI madirAvatI kA varNana / / 'vipadiva viratA vibhAvarI.......' baMdigAna.
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________________ mahAkavi dhanapAla : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva 106 vilAsavatI ne mahAbhArata ke isa kathana ko suna rakhA thA ki-'santAnahIna janoM ko mutyu ke pazcAt puNya loka nahIM milatA, kyoMki putra hI apane mAtA-pitA kI 'pum' nAmaka naraka se rakSA karatA hai|'' tilakamaJjarI meM-ayodhyA ke rAjA meghavAhana aura unakI patnI madirAvatI, anapatyatA ke kAraNa duHkhI hai| isI prakaraNa meM, guruoM ke dvArA rAjA ko isa prakAra mAno saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai'he vidvan ! anya prajAjanoM kI rakSA se kyA lAbha, pahale 'pum' nAmaka naraka se apanI rakSA to kiijie| putrotpatti ke nimitta, donoM kathAoM meM samAnarUpa se devatAoM kI pUjA, RSijanoM kI saparyA, gurUjanoM kI bhakti Adi kA vidhAna batAyA gayA hai| tilakamaJjarI ke, ayodhyA nagarI ke bAhara udyAna meM suzobhita zukrAvatAra nAmaka siddhAyatana (jaina mandira) kI tulanA, kAdambarI meM ujjayinI ke mahAkAla mandira se kI jA sakatI hai| bhojarAja ne la se, apane ko tilakamaJjarI kA nAyaka banAne ke sAtha sAtha zUkrAvatAra ke sthAna para 'mahAkAla' yaha parivartana karane kI icchA bhI prakaTa kI thii| kAdambarI, jaise laukika evaM divya kathAnaka kA sammizraNa hai usI prakAra tilaka maMjarI meM bhI laukika evaM alaukika pAtroM ke kathAnaka kA saMyojana kiyA gayA hai| vidyAdharI tilakamaJjarI, jvalajaprabha nAma kA vaimAnika, nandIzvara nAma kA dvIpa usameM rativizAlA nAma kI nagarI, sumAlI nAma kA deva tathA svayaMprabhA nAma kI usakI devI, kSIrasAgara se nikalA candrAtapa nAma kA hAra, priyaMGga sundarI nAma kI devI vetAla Adi, tilakamaJjarI meM, alaukikatA kA pratinidhitva karate haiN| zailI kI dRSTi se bhI donoM kathAnoM meM paryApta samAnatA hai| pratyeka ghaTanA tathA varNana ko zabda tathA artha ke vividha alaMkAroM se bojhila banAkara kahanA; jaisA kAdambarI meM vaisA hI tilaka maMjarI meM / vese to bANa sabhI alaMkAroM ke prayoga meM pravINa hai kintu 'parisaMkhyAlaMkAra' para unakA vizeSa anurAga hai| rAjA zudraka tathA tArApIr3a ke varNana meM unake parisaMkhyAlaMkAra kA camatkAra dekhie-'yasmiMzca rAjani jita jagati paripAlayati mahIM citrakarmasu varNasaGkarAH, iteSu ke zaprahAH ............' (zUdraka varNana)--'yasmizca rAtani girINAM vipakSatA, pratyayAnAM prtvm..."(taaraapiidd'vrnnn)| dhanapAla bhI pari saMkhyAlaMkAra ke atyAdhika premI haiM / meghavAhana rAjA ke varNana meM prayukta parisaMkhyAlaMkAra kAdambarI ke uparyukta parisaMkhyAlaMkAra se atyanta samAnatA rakhatA hai--'yasmizca rAjanyanuvartita zAstra mArge prazAsati vasumati dhAtUnAM sopasargatvam, ikSa NAM pIDavam, pakSiNAM divyagrahaNam, padAnAM vigrahaH timInAM galagrahaH, gUDhacaturthakAnAM pAdAkRSTayaH, kukavikAvyeSu yatibhraMzadarzanam, udghInAmavRddhiH, nidhuvanakrIDAsu tarjanatADanAni / pratipakSakSayodyatamuni kathAsu kuzAstrazravaNam, zArINAmakSaprasaradoSeNa paraspara bandhavyadhamAraNAni, vaizeSika mate dravyaprAdhAnyaM guNAnAmupasarjanabhAvo babhUva / ' (tilaka. parAga pR0 67-68) 1-praputrANAM kila na santi lokAH zubhAH punnAmno narakAta trAyata iti putraH' - -kAdambarI-anapatyatA viSAda prakaraNa / 2-'akhilamapi tatprAyeNaM jIvalokasukhamanubabhUva, kevalamAtmajAGgapariSvaGga nirvRti nAdhyagacchat' 'vidvan ! kima parastrAtaH, prAtmAnaM trAyasva pUnAmno narakAt / ' -tilakamaMjarI meghavAhana rAja prakaraNa pR0 70-80
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________________ DaoN0 harIndra bhUSaNa jaina bAraNa kA, parisaMkhyAlaMkAra ke pazcAt dUsarA priya alaMkAra virodhAbhAsa hai jisake saikar3oM udAharaNa kAdambarI meM prApta haiM / dhanapAla bhI virodhAbhAsa ke likhane meM parama pravINa pratIta hote haiM--(meghavAhana rAjA kA varNana haiM)--- saujanyaparatantravRttirapyasaujanye niSaNNaH, nala prathuprabhopyanalaprathuprabhaH samitikarasphurita pratApo'pyakRzAnu bhAvopetaH, sAgarAnvayaprabhavo'pyamRtazItala prakRti: zatrudhno'pi vizra takIrti, azeSa zaktyupeto'pi sakalabhUbhAra dhAraNa kSamaH, rakSitAgvilakSiti tapovano'pi trAtacaturApramaH............' (tilaka0 parAga062-63) tilakamaJjarI kI vizeSatAyeM-bANa ne kAdambarI meM kathA ke sambandha meM apanA mata vyakta karate hue likhA hai-'nirantara zleSa ghanAH sujAtayaH' (kAda0 padya ) arthAt gadya kAvya rUpa kathA ko zleSAlaMkAra kI bahulatA se nirantara vyApta honA caahie| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki dhanapAla ke samaya meM kathA kI niranta razleSadhakatA' ke prati logoM kI upekSA ho calI thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki dhanapAla ne tilakamaMjarI meM (padya naM0 16) meM likhA ki --'nAtizleSadhanA' zlAghAM kRtilipirivAznute--' arthAt adhika zleSoM ke kAraNa ghana (gAr3habandha vAlI) racanA, zlAghA ko prApta nahIM krtii| unhoMne yaha bhI likhA hai ki--- 'adhika lambe aura aneka padoM se nirmita samAsa kI bahulatA vAle pracura varNanoM se yukta gadya se loga ghabar3Akara aise bhAgate haiM jaise vyAghra ko dekhakara / ' (tilaka0 parAga0 padya naM0 15) / unakA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki---'gauDIrIti kA anusaraNa kara likhI gaI, nirantara gadya santAna vAlI kathA zrotAoM ko ka vya ke prati virAga kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai ataH racanAoM meM rasa kI ora adhika dhyAna honA cAhie' (tilaka0 padya naM017-18) dhanapAla ne uparyukta prakAra se gadya kAvya kI racanA ke sambandha meM jo mata prakaTa kiyA hai, tila kamaJjarI, meM usakA unhoMne pUrNarUpa se pAlana kiyA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki, tilakamaJjarI ne, kAdambarI kI paramparA ko surakSita rakhate hue bhI gadya kAvya ko eka aisA nayA mor3a diyA hai jahAM vaha vidvAnoM ke sAtha jana sAdhAraNa ke nikaTa bhI pahuMcane kA prayatna karatA dikhAI detA hai| panyAsa dakSa vijaya gariNa ne dazakumAra, vAsavadattA aura kAdambarI se tilakamaJjarI kI vizeSatA batAte hue likhA hai ki dazakumAra carita meM padalAlityAdi guNoM ke hone para bhI kathAoM kI-adhikatA ke kAraNa sahRdaya ke hRdaya meM vyagratA hone lagatI hai| vAsavadattA meM, pratyeka akSara meM zleSa, yamaka, anuprAsa Adi alaMkAroM ke kAraNa kathAbhAga gauNa tathA bilkula arocaka haiN| yadyapi kAdambarI una donoM se zreSTha hai tathApi tilakamaJjarI kAdambarI se bhI zreSTha hai, isa bAta meM thor3I sI bhI atyukti nahIM / udAharaNArtha 1-puNDarIka ke zApa se candrarUpa candrApIr3a ke prANoM ke nikala jAne kA varNana karane se kAdambarI kI kathA meM prApAtataH amaGgala hai aura isa kAraNa karuNa vipralambha zRgAra isakA pradhAna rasa hai, kintu talakamaJjarI meM pradhAna rasa pUrvarAgAtmaka vipralambha zRgAra hai| 2-kAdambarI meM agaNita vizeSaNoM ke prADambara ke kAraNa kathA ke rasAsvAda meM vyavadhAna par3atA hai| tilakamaJjarI meM to parigaNita vizeSaNa hone ke kAraNa varNana atyanta camatkRta hokara kathA ke AsvAda ko aura adhika bar3hA detA hai| 1-tilaka. parAga0-prastAvanA pR014-16.
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________________ mahAkavi dhanapAla : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva 111 3-kAdambarI ke varNana-pradhAna hone ke kAraNa usameM pratyeka varNana ke ucita vizeSaNoM ke ganveSaNa meM vyasta bANabhaTTa ne kahIM kahIM para zabda-saundarya kI upekSA kI hai, jabaki tilakamaJjarI meM sarvotomukha kAvyotkarSa utpanna karane ke icchuka dhanapAla ne parisaMkhyAdi alaMkAra vAle sthaloM meM bhI pratyeka pada meM zabdAlakAra kA ucita samAveza kiyA hai| jaise ayodhyAvargana ke prasaMga meM 'uccApazabda zatra saMhAre, na vastu vicAre / gurUvitIrNa zAsano bhaktyA, na prabhuzaktyA / vRddhatyAgazIlo vivekena, prajotsekena / avanitApahArI pAlanena, na laalnen| akRtakAruNyaH karacaraNe, na shrnne|' yahAM zleSAnuprANitaparisaMkhyAlaMkAra meM bhI pratyeka vAkya meM antyAnuprAsa suzobhita hai| isI prakAra 'satArakAvarSa iva betAladRSTibhiH, solkApAta iva nizitaprAsavRSTibhi:' yahAM yuddha sthala ke varNana meM utprekSA ke sAtha bhii|| 'trAtacaturAzramaH' isa pravekti virodhAbhAsa ke isI prakAra 'sagarAnvayaprabhavopi....... sAtha bhii| isI prakAra, vaitADhaya giri ke varNana meM-'merukalpapAdapAlI-parigatamapi na merukalpapAdapAlIparigatam, vanagajAlIsaMkulamapi na vanagajAlIsakulam' yahAM virodhAbhAsa ke sAtha yamaka bhii| isI prakAra. meghavAhana rAjA ke varNana meM 'dRSTvA vairasya vairasyamujjhitAsro ripuvajaH / yasmin vizvasya vizvasya kulasya kuzalaMvyadhAt / ' atizayokti ke sAtha yamaka bhii| 4-tilakamaJjarI meM, sarvatra zrutyanuprAsa ke dvArA suzravyatA utpanna kI gaI hai| 5-kAdambarI meM anya sthAnoM para upalabdha ho zabda bAra bAra sunAI par3ate haiM kintu tilakamaJjarI meM 'tanImeNTha-laJcA-lAkuTika-layanikA-galvarka' prabhRti azru tapUrva evaM apUrva zabdoM ke prayoga se kavi ne vizeSa camatkAra utpanna kiyA hai| dhanapAla ne, tilakamaJjarI ke prArambhika satraha padyoM meM kavi-prazasti likhI hai| isameM jina kaviyoM tathA racanAmoM kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai ve nimna prakAra haiM 'raghavaMza aura kauravavaMza kI varNanA ke Adikavi vAlmIki evaM vyAsa, kathA sAhitya kI mUla jananI 'vRhata kathA', vAGamaya vAridhi ke setu ke samAna 'setubandha' mahAkAvya ke nirmANa se labdhakIti pravarasena, svarga aura pRthvI (gAm) ko pavitra karane vAle gaMgA ke samAna pAThaka kI vANI (gAm ) ko pavitra karane vAlI, pAdalipta sUri kI 'taraMgavatI kathA, prAkRta-racanA ke dvArA rasa varSAne vAle mahAkavi jIvadeva, apane kAvya-vaibhava se anya kaviyoM kI vANI ko mlAna kara dene vAle kAlidAsa, apane kAvya-pratibhA rUpa vANa se (apane putra pulinda ke sAtha) kaviyoM ko vimada karane vAle tathA kAdambarI aura harSa carita kI racanA se labdhakhyAti bANa, mAghamAsa ke samAna kapirUpa kaviyoM ko pada racanA (kapi ke pakSa meM paira bar3hAnA) meM anutsAha utpanna karane vAle mahAkavi mAgha, sUrya razmi (bhA-ravi) jaise pratApavAn kavi bhAravi, prazamarasa kI adbhuta racanA samarAditya-kathA' ke praNetA haribhadrasUri, apane nATakoM meM sarasvatI ko naTI ke samAna nacAne vAle kavi bhavabhUti, 'gauDavadha' kI racanA se kavi janoM kI buddhi meM bhaya paidA karane vAle kavi vAka
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________________ 112 DA. harIndra bhUSaNa jana patirAja, samAdhi aura prasAda guNa ke dhanI yAsyAvarakavi rAjazekhara, apanI alaukika racanA se kaviyoM ko vismaya utpanna karane vAle mahendrasUri, madAndha kaviyoM ke mada ko cUrNa karane vAle 'lalita trailokya sundarI' ke kathAkAra kavirudra tathA sahRdayAhlAdaka sUktiyoM ke racayitA, rudratanaya kavi kardamarAja / ' dhanapAla kI yaha kavi prazasti tathA usake sAtha, apane AzrayadAtA zrI muJja tathA bhoja ke vaMza evaM pUrvajoM kI prazasti ke rUpa meM likhe gae padya, sAhitya aura itihAsa, donoM dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiM / dhanapAla kI kavi prazasti sambandhI padya, Aja taka vidvajjanoM meM bar3e Adara ke sAtha smaraNa kie jAte haiM / tilakamaJjarI, 11 vIM zatAbdI ke sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika itihAsa kI dRSTi se AlocanIya grantha hai / isameM tatkAlIna samAja evaM kalA-kauzala kA bar3e hI aAkarSaka DhaMga se varNana kiyA gayA hai| yaha grantha jaina kathA sAhitya tathA jaina saMskRti kI dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| dhanapAla kA vyaktitva-saMskRta sAhitya ke purAtana tathA Adhunika vidvAna isa bAta se pUrNa sahamata haiM ki dhanapAla ne bANa kI gadyazailI kA saphala pratinidhitva kiyA hai| kalikAla sarvajJa hemacandra to dhanapAla ke pANDitya se atyanta prabhAvita the| jinamaNDana gaNikRta 'kumArapAla prabandha' meM kahA gayA hai ki eka samaya hemacandra ne dhanapAla kI RSabha paJcAzikA ke padyoM dvArA bhagavAn prAdinAtha kI stuti kii| rAjA kumArapAla ne unase prazna kiyA ki-'bhagavan ! Apa to kalikAla sarvajJa haiM phira dUsaroM kI banAI gaI stuti ke dvArA kyoM bhagavAn kI bhakti karate haiM ?' isa para hemacandra bole-'kumAradeva ! maiM aisI anupama bhakti bhAvanAoM se prota-prota stutiyoM kA nirmANa nahIM kara sktaa|' 2 hemacandra ne apanI ratnAvalI nAmaka desI nAmamAlA meM prasiddha kozakAroM kA ullekha karate samaya dhanapAla ko sabase prathama sthAna diyA hai| - saMskRta sAhitya ke yoropIya vidvAn evaM prasiddha samAlocaka zrI kItha mahodaya ne likhA hai ki'dhanapAla ne bANa kA saphala anukaraNa kiyA hai / samaraketu ke prati tilakamaMjarI ke prema kA varNana karane meM unakA spaSTa rUpa se yahI lakSya rahA hai ki kAdambarI ke samAna adhikAdhika citra khIMce jA skeN|4 zrIbaladeva upAdhyAya, eca. Ara. agravAla, DA. rAmajI upAdhyAya aura vAcaspati gairolA prabhRti saMskRti ke Adhunika vidvAn bhI kItha mahodaya ke kathana ko pUrNa samarthana karate haiM / 5 hAta.00854. 1-vAcaspati gairolA, 'saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa' pR0 634. 2-'zrI kumAra deva ! evaMvidhasadbhUtabhaktigabhastutirasmAbhiH katuM na zakyate' 3-DA. jagadIzacandra jaina-'prAkRta sAhitya kA hAsa', 4-'saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa'-kItha (anuvAdaka DA0 maMgaladeva zAstrI) pR0 361 5-baladeva upAdhyAya, 'saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa' 1645, pR0 268. eca0 Ara0 agravAla, Short History of Sanskrit Literature' lAhora, pR0 156. DA0 rAmajI upAdhyAya, saMskRta sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa' pR0 175 vAcaspati gairolA---'saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa' pR0 634.
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________________ 113 mahAkavi dhanapAla vyaktitva evaM kRtitva AryAsaptazatI meM likhA hai ki- 'prAgalyamadhikamAptu vAraNI bAraNo babhUveti' arthAt - adhika praur3hatA prApta karane ke lie sarasvatI ne mAno bANa kA zarIra dhAraNa kara liyA thA aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mAno kavi govardhana kI isa ukti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI muJjadeva ne bANa ke samAna siddha sArasvata dhanapAla ko sarasvatI' kI upAdhi pradAna kI thI kahA jAtA hai ki muJjadeva kA dhanapAla para atyanta sneha thA ve unheM apanA 'kRtrima putra' mAnate the / rAjyAzraya meM rahane para bhI dhanapAla atyanta nirbhIka evaM svAbhimAnI the| unhoMne rAjA ke kopa kI bhI upekSA karake sadaiva ucita mArga kA avalambana kiyA / bhojarAja dvArA, tilaka maMjarI ke nAyaka ke rUpa meM apane ko pratiSThita kie jAne kI icchA vyakta karane para dhanapAla ne kahA thA 'rAjan ! jisa prakAra khadyota aura sUrya meM sarasoM aura sumerU meM kAMca aura kAJcana meM dhatUre aura kalpavRkSa meM mahAn antara hai usI prakAra tilakamaJjarI ke nAyaka aura Apa meM dhanapAla kA hRdaya pratyanta dayArdra thA / eka samaya mRgayA ke prasaGga meM bhojarAja dvArA mAre gaye mRga ko dekhakara unhoMne rAjA ko sambodhita karate hue kahA thA arthAt - he rAjan ! isa prakAra kA ApakA pauruSa rasAtala ko calA jAya / nirdoSa aura zaraNAgata kA vadha kunIti hai / balavAn bhI jaba durbala ko mArate haiM to yaha bar3e duHkha kI bAta hai, mAno samasta jagat hI arAjaka ho gyaa| kahA jAtA hai ki dhanapAla ke ye vacana sunakara bhojarAja ne AjIvana mRgayA chor3a dI thii|" isI prakAra, eka samaya yajJa maMDapa meM yUpa (stambha) se bandhe chAga ( bakare ) ke karuNa krandana ko sunakara dhanapAla ne kahA thA ki rasAtale yAtu tavAtra pauravaM kunItireNA zaraNo hyadoSavAn / nihanyate yad balinApi durbalAM hahA mahAkaSTamarAjakaM jagat // ' & arthAt yadi yajJa karake pazuoM ko mArakara aura khUna kA kIcar3a banAkara svarga meM jAyA jAtA hai to phira naraka meM kaise jAyA jAtA hai ? jJAnIjanoM kA yajJa to vaha hai jisameM satya grupa ho, tapa agni ho, karma samidhA ho aura mahisA jisakI prAhUti ho / kahate haiM rAjA ne dhanapAla ke ye vacana sunakara apane ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyA thA / - / kardamam / gamyate / samidho mama / satAM mataH / 6- zrI mujena sarasvatIti sadasi kSoNIbhUtA vyAhRta' tilakamaJjarI padya naM0 53. 7- prabandha cintAmaNi ( mahAkavi dhanapAla prabandha ) vahI vahI , yUpaM kRtvA pAn hatvA kRtvA rudhira yadya evaM gamyate svarge naraka kena satyaM yUpaM tapo hyAniH karmANi ahiMsAmAhUti dadyAdevaM yajJa:
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________________ DA0 harIndra bhUSaNa jaina I dhanapAla mahAn guNAgrAhI the / aneka avasaroM para bhojarAja ko bhir3akiyAM dekara sAvadhAna karate rahane ke pratirikta unhoMne aneka bAra unake guNoM kI prazaMsA bhI kI hai abhyuddhRtA vasumatI dalitaM ripUra:, kroDIkRtA balavatA balirAjalakSmIH / ekatra janmani kRtaM tadanena yUnA, janmatraye yadakarot puruSaH purANaH // arthAt - isane apane janma meM pRthvI kA udvAra kiyA, zatrunoM ke vakSasthala ko vidIrNa kiyA aura aneka balazAlI rAjAzroM kI rAjalakSmI ( viSNu ke pakSa meM bali nAmaka rAjA kI rAjalakSmI) ko AtmasAt kiyA / isa prakAra isa yuvaka ne ve kAma eka hI janma meM kara DAle jo purANa puruSa viSNu ne tIna janmoM meM kie the| kahA jAtA hai ki bhojarAja ne isa pada ko sunakara dhanapAla ko eka svarNa kalaza bheMTa kiyA thA / " 114 tilakamaJjarI ko agni meM svAhA kara dene ke kAraNa dhanapAla, bhojarAja se rUThakara, dhArA nagarI ko chor3a anyatra cala die| kucha dinoM ke pazcAt unakI dazA atyanta dayanIya ho gayI / bhoja ne unheM punaH sAdara nimaMtrita kiyA aura unase kuzalakSema puuchaa| dhanapAla ne nivedana kiyA pRthukArtasvarapAtra bhUSitaniHzeSa parijana deva / vilasatkareNugahanaM samprati samamAnayoH sadanam / / ' arthAt - he rAjan ! isa samaya hamArA aura ApakA ghara bilkula samAna hai, kyoMki donoM hI 'pRthu kArtasvarapAtra' ( gambhIra ArtanAda kA pAtra tathA vipula svarNa pAtra vAlA) hai, donoM hI - 'bhUSitaniHzeparijana' hai ( alaMkArahIna parijana vAlA tathA jisake sAre parijana zrAbhUSaNoM se yukta hai) aura donoM hI 'vilasatka regugahana' ( dhUlipUrNa aura hAthiyoM se susajjita ) hai / yaha zloka zleSAlaMkAra ke pratyanta sundara udAharaNa ke rUpa meM Aja bhI vidvajjanoM meM paryApta prasiddha hai / sAtha hI yaha dhanapAla ke svAbhimAna kI ora pUrNa saMketa karatA hai | 2 bhojarAja ne sarasvatI kaNThAbhararaNa meM likhA hai - 'yAdaggadya vidhau bAraNaH padyavandhe na tAdRzaH' arthAt bANa, jitanA gadya banAne meM kuzala hai itanA padya banAne meM nahIM / dhanapAla kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki ve samAna rUpa se gadya aura padya donoM kI praur3ha racanA karane meM samartha the / hemacandra ne apanI zrabhidhAna cintAmaNi, kAvyAnuzAsana aura chando'nuzAsana meM dhanapAla ke aneka sundara padyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 14 vIM zatAbdI kI racanA (sUktisaGkalana ) 'zAGgadharapaddhati' meM dhanapAla kI aneka sUktiyoM kA ullekha hai / isI prakAra muni sundaramUri ne 'upadeza ratnAkara' meM aura vAgbhaTTa ne apane 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM aneka sthAnoM para dhanapAla ke padyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 'kIrtikaumudI' evaM 'amara carita' ke racayitA muni ratna sUri aura 'paJcaliGgI prakaraNa' ke kartA zrI jinendrasUri ne dhanapAla ke kAvya kI prazasti gAI hai / 4 1 - prabandha cintAmariNa ( mahAkavi dhanapAla prabandha ) 2 - prabandha cintAmaNi ( mahAkavi dhanapAla prabandha ) 3 - DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina -- prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 655. 4- tilaka maJjarI parAga0 prastAvanA pR0 28.
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________________ mahAkavi dhanapAla : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva saMskRta vidvAnoM meM yaha kahA jAtA rahA hai ki 'boNocchiSTa jagat sarvata' arthAt-bANa ke anantara samasta saMskRta sAhitya bANa ke ucchiSTa (tyakta vastu) ke samAna hai / bANa kI prazasti meM likhe gaye ye padya 'kavikumbhikumbhabhiduro bANastu paJcAnanaH' zrIcandradeva (zAGgadhara paddhati 117) 'yukta kAdambarI zrutvA kavayo maunamAzritAH / bANadhvAnAvanadhyAyo bhavatIni smatiryataH / / kIti kaumudI 1,15. 'bANasya harSacarite nizitAmUdIkSya, zakti na ketra kavitAstramadaM tyajanti / kItha kA itihAsa pR0 397 isa bAta ke pratyakSa pramANa haiM ki bANa kI apratima gadya racanA 'kAdambarI' ko dekhakara kisI kavi kA sAhasa nahIM hotA thA ki vaha bANa ke mArga para calakara unakI gadya racanA zailI ko Age bar3hAye / yahI kAraNa hai ki bANa ke pazcAt lagabhaga 300 varSoM taka kAdambarI kI samAnatA karane vAlI koI utkRSTa gadya racanA upalabdha nahIM hai| mahAkavi dhanapAla hI eka aise kavi haiM jinhoMne kaviyoM ke hRdaya se, bANa ke bhaya-vyAmoha ko dUra kiyA aura apanI tilakamaJjarI ko kAdambarI kI zreNI meM biThAne kA prayatna kiyaa| isakA pariNAma yaha huprA ki dhanapAla ke pazcAt vAdIbhasiMha (gadya cintAmaNi), soDr3hayala (udaya sundarI kathA), bAmana bhaTTa bANa (vema-bhUpAla carita-harSa carita ke anukaraNa para) Adi kaviyoM ne bANa kI zailI para racanAyeM likhiiN|' tilaka maJjarI kI racanA ke lagabhaga eka zatAbdi ke pazcAt pUrNa tallagacchIya zrI zAntisUri ne isa grantha para 1050 zloka pramANa TippaNI kI racanA kI jo pATana ke jaina bhaNDAra kI prati ke anta meM die gae nimna zloka se pramANita hai zrI zAntisuririha zrIyati pUrNatalle gacche varo matimatAM bahazAstravettA / tenAmalaM viracitaM bahadhA vimRzya saMkSepato varamidaM budha TippitaMbhoH / / isa grantha para zrI vijaya lAvaNya sUri ne (vikrama saMvat 2008 meM prakAzita) parAga nAmaka eka vistRta TIkA likhI hai| dhanapAla, vikrama kI 11 vIM zatAbdi ke saMskRta aura prAkRti bhASA ke utkRSTa vidvAna the| gadya aura padya donoM kI racanA para unakA samAna adhikAra thaa| zabda aura artha, bhASA aura bhAva, vazIbhUta ke samAna unakI lekhanI kA anugamana karate the| unhoMne bANa kI gadya zailI kI paramparA ko nibAhate hue, gadya kAvya ko kucha aura sarala aura sarasa banAkara use janatA ke adhika nikaTa pahu~cAne kA prayatna kiyaa| niHsaM. deha, dhanapAla apane isa aitihAsika kArya ke lie saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa meM amara raheMge / kisI kavi kA yaha kathana dhanapAla ke lie atyanta ucita pratIta hotA hai. tilakamaJjarI maJjarisaJjharilolahipazcidanmijAlaH / janAraNye'sAlaH ko'pi rasAlaH papAla dhanapAlaH / / 4 1--bAmadeva upAdhyAya, saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pR0 268. 2--pATana ke 'saMghavIpAr3A jaina bhaNDAra' kI 125 vIM prati (gAyaka vAr3a aoriyaNTala sirIja naM0 76-'pATana jaina bhaNDAra keTalAga' prathama bhAga, pRSTha 87) 3--tilakamaJjarI, zrI zAntisUri racita TippaNI tathA zrI vijaya lAvaNya-sUri racita TIkA (parAga) ke sAtha prakAzita / prakAzaka--zrI vijayalAvaNya-sUrizvara jJAna mandira, boTAda, saurASTra, vi0 saM0 2008. 4--tilaka0 parAga0 prastAvanA---pR0 16.