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________________ kyA 'AryAvatI' jaina sarasvatI hai ? pro. sAgaramala jaina maiMne apane pUrva ke do AlekhoM - 1. ardhamAgadhI jaina Agama sAhitya meM sarasvatI aura 2. jainadharma meM sarasvatI upAsanA meM jainadharma meM sarasvatI - kI avadhAraNA aura upAsanA kA vikAsa kisa rUpa meM huA, yaha dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA thA / prastuta Alekha meM mere vimarza kA viSaya hai - kyA mathurA ke jaina zilpa meM upalabdha AryAvatI ke do zilpAMkana vastuta: jaina sarasvatI yA jaina zrutadevI (zrutadevatA) ke zilpAMkana haiM ? jJAtavya hai ki mathurA ke kaMkAlITIlA ke jaina stUpa se jo purAsAmagrI upalabdha huI hai, usameM jaina sarasvatI kI pratimA ke sAtha-sAtha do AyAgapaTTa aise upalabdha hue haiM jinapara 'AryAvatI' nAmaka kisI devI pratimA kA zilpAMkana hai | yaha devIpratimA kyA zrutadevI yA jaina sarasvatI hai ? yahI prastuta Alekha kA samIkSya viSaya hai, kyoMki Aja taka aneka bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya purAvida yaha nirNaya nahIM kara pAye haiM ki yaha 'AryAvatI' kI devIpratimA vastutaH kauna sI devI kI pratimA (zilpAMkana) hai ? kyoMki prAcIna jaina Agama sAhitya evaM Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya meM kahIM bhI hameM AryAvatI kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai | jainetara bauddha evaM brAhmaNa sAhitya meM bhI mujhe AryAvatI kA koI ullekha dekhane ko nahIM milA / isI samasyA ko lekara prastuta Alekha likhA gayA hai aura vidvAnoM evaM purAvidoM se yaha Agraha hai ki ve isa sambandha meM apanI samIkSA prastuta kareM / yaha suspaSTa hai ki prAcIna stara ke ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke eka mahattvapUrNa grantha bhagavatIsUtra meM suyadevatA ( zrutadevatA) aura sarasvatI kA spaSTa ullekha hai, kintu una sandarbhoM ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki usameM zrutadevI yA sarasvatI jinavANI kA hI eka vizeSaNa yA jinavANI kA hI rUpa hai / vaha koI devI hai aisI avadhAraNA vahA~ nahIM hai / AgamoM meM to ahiMsA yA satya kI avadhAraNAoM ko bhI 'bhagavatI' yA bhagavAna ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai | kisI deva yA devI ke rUpa meM nahIM / praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM 'sA ahiMsA
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________________ anusandhAna 50 (2) bhagavaI' yA 'saccaM khu bhagavaM' - aise vAkyAMza upalabdha haiM / zrutadevatA bhI 'zruta' hI hai / bhagavaI, bhagavaM yA devatA, ye mAtra Adara sUcaka vizeSaNa haiM / kisI deva-devI ke sUcaka nahIM hai| isase spaSTa hai ki prArambha meM sarasvatI jinavANI kI aura zrutadevatA zruta (jinavANI) ke hI pratIka the / kisI vizeSa devasattA ke sUcaka nahIM the| kintu kAlAntara meM suyadevatA yA sarasvatI ko eka devIvizeSa mAnakara usakI upAsanA bhI prArambha ho gaI / mathurA se IsA kI dvitIya zatI ke lagabhaga kI jo jaina sarasvatI kI pratimA tathA IsA pUrva yA IsA kI prathama zatI ke jo do AyAgapaTTa upalabdha hue haiM ve yahI sUcita karate haiM ki IsvI pUrva prathama zatI se jinavANI - zrutadevI (AryAvatI) aura sarasvatI ke rUpa meM mAnya hokara eka upAsanA kA viSaya bana gaI thii| pahale AyAgapaTTa meM usakA zilpAMkana huA aura phira sarasvatI kI pratimA banI / mathurA se hameM IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatI kI sarasvatI kI eka lekhayukta pratimA upalabdha hotI hai| isa pratimA kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki yaha do bhujA vAlI sarasvatI kI pratimA hai| usake eka hAtha meM pustaka hone se tathA abhilekha meM sarasvatI zabda kA spaSTa ullekha hone se, sAtha hI isakI pratiSThA vAcaka Aryadeva ke ziSya gaNI mAghahasti ke ziSya Arya hastahastI (nAgahasti) dvArA hone se yaha suspaSTa hai ki yaha jaina sarasvatI kI pratimA hai| jJAtavya hai ki AcArya mAghahasti aura nAgahasti IsA kI prathama zatI ke pramukha jaina AcArya the| unhoMne varSa 54 (sambhavataH zaka saMvata) kI zItaRtu (hemanta) ke caturthamAsa (arthAt phAlguna mAsa) ke dasaveM dina svarNakAra gova ke putra siMha ke dvArA yaha sarasvatI kI pratimA dAna meM prApta kara pratiSThita kI / isa lekha kA prArambha 'siddha' se hotA hai tathA isameM AcArya mAghahasti ke ziSya hastahasti (nAgahasti) ko koTTiyagaNa, sthAnika kula, vaiyarI zAkhA tathA zrIgRha sambhoga kA batAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra prAptisthala, abhilekhIya sAkSya Adi se yaha siddha hotA hai ki yaha vizva kI prAcInatama sarasvatI pratimA hai aura jaina dharma se sambandhita hai| pratimA kI gardana ke upara kA bhAga khaNDita hai| pratimA baiThI
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________________ mArca 2010 1 SA-ALP S a huI hai| usake eka hAtha meM pustaka, dUsare hAtha kA agrabhAga khaNDita hai, phira bhI aisA lagatA hai ki vaha hAtha varada mudrA meM rahA hogA / pratimA ke ora eka jaina zramaNa hai, jo nagna hai kintu usake hAtha meM UnI kambala tathA dUsare hAtha meM pAtra hai / dUsarI ora hAtha jor3e hue eka gRhastha kA aMkana hai jo vartamAna ke zvetAmbara zramaNoM ke samAna adhovastra aura uttarIya dhAraNa kiye hue hai tathA pAdapITha para abhilekha hai / / ___ isa sarasvatI ke atirikta kaMkAlI TIlA jaina stUpa mathurA ke parisara se hameM do AyAgapaTTa aise mile haiM, jina para AryAvatI kA zilpAMkana upalabdha hotA hai| donoM hI AyAgapaTTa abhilekhoM se yukta haiM / inameM eka abhilekha kA prArambha 'namo arahato rahasya vardhamAnas' se hotA hai aura dUsare indiax.26 abhilekha kA prArambha 'siddham' se hotA hai / ataH yaha donoM paTTa bhI jainadharma se hI sambandhita hai / kintu inameM 'AryAvatI' nAmaka jisa devI kA ullekha evaM zilpAMkana hai, vaha AryAvatI kauna hai ? usakA jainadharma se sambandha kisa rUpa meM rahA huA hai ? yaha prazna Aja taka anirNIta hI rahA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne ise tIrthaMkara mAtA ke rUpa meM pahacAnane kA prayatna avazya kiyA, kintu pahalI sulajhI nahIM / isa pahalI ko sulajhAne kA hI eka prayatna isa lekha meM bhI kiyA jA rahA hai, kintu isa carcA ke pUrva hameM una donoM phalakoM ke citroM aura unake abhilekhoM ko samyak prakAra se samajha lenA hogA / eka phalaka para 'AryAvatI' nAma kA spaSTa nirdeza hai, dUsare phalaka para AryAvatI nAma kA spaSTa nirdeza to nahIM hai, kintu donoM zilpAMkana eka samAna hone se yaha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai ki ye donoM phalaka AryAvatI se sambandhita hai| hama kramazaH unake citra evaM vivaraNa prastuta kara rahe haiM :
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________________ anusandhAna 50 (2) Sand-freeaantismurthian *SISERSurferint.2 Rapidatdar-All / ... Ban"na TH prathama phalaka prastuta citra meM 'AryAvatI' madhya bhAga meM khar3I huI, usakA eka hAtha varada mudrA meM hai aura dUsarA hAtha kamara para hai| usake eka ora eka cavaradhAriNI strI khaDI haI hai, aura dUsarI ora do striyAM khar3I huI haiM / unameM prathama ke hAtha meM chatradaNDa hai aura dUsarI ke hAthoM meM mAlA hai / AryAvatI ke kamara ke nIce ke bhAga meM eka bAlaka yA puruSa khar3A huA | dikhAyA gayA hai, jo donoM hAtha jor3e hue namaskAra kI mudrA meM sthita hai| isa phalaka ke upara jo abhilekha brAhmI lipi meM hai, use nimna rUpa meM par3hA gayA hai - arhat vardhamAna ko namaskAra ho / svAmI mahAkSatrapa soDAsa saMvatsara bayAlIsa ke hemanta Rtu ke dvitIya mAsa kI navamI tithi ko hArita ke putra pAla kI bhAryA kotsIya amohanIya ke dvArA apane putroM pAlaghoSa, poThagaghoSa aura dhanaghoSa ke sAtha AryAvatI kI pratiSThA kI gii| AryAvatI arhata kI pUjA ke lie| isa abhilekha ke prArambha meM arhat vardhamAna ko namaskAra se tathA 'AryAvatI arhata kI pUjA ke lie' isa ullekha se itanA to nizcita ho jAtA hai ki yaha abhilekha jaina paramparA se sambandhita hai / merI dRSTi meM arhata ke sthAna para Arhata pATha adhika samIcIna lagatA hai, kyoMki prAcIna kAla meM jainadharma ke anuyAyI 'Arhata' (arhat ke upAsaka) kahe jAte the / phira bhI 'AryAvatI' AhetoM arthAt jainoM ke lie kisa rUpa meM upAsya
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________________ mArca 2010 thI, yaha prazna anuttarita hI rahatA hai / RECE+2XKORKEE yaha phalaka eka kone se khaNDita hai / isake upara ke bhAga meM madhya meM stUpa aura donoM ora do-do tIrthaMkara pratimAeM utkIrNa hai / isa bhAga ke upara kI ora aura nIce kI ora abhilekha aMkita hai / usake nIce dAyI ora 'AryAvatI' kA zilpAMkana hai jo prAyaH prathama phalaka ke samAna hI hai; AryAvatI ke samIpa eka jaina muni (Aryakanha) khar3e hue haiM / unake eka hAtha meM picchikA hai, yaha hAtha upara uThA huA hai, dUsare hAtha meM kambala aura mukhavastrikA hai, jisase ve apanI nagnatA chipAe hue hai| unake samIpa choTe AkAra ke tIna vyaktiyoM kA aMkana hai / unameM upara kI ora jo vyakti khar3A hai vaha hAtha jor3e hue hai, kintu usake sira para phanAvalI aMkita hai| nIce, merI dRSTi meM, koI sAdhvI aMkita hai, jisake eka hAtha meM picchikA aura dUsare hAtha meM mukhavastrikA aspaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotI haiN| usake pAsa koI strI khar3I hai aura vaha apane hAtha se AryikA kA sparza karate hue yA hAtha jor3e hue hai| cUMki isa phalaka kA sambandha spaSTataH AryakaNha ke sAtha hai, merI dRSTi meM yahI kAraNa hai ki gRhastha upAsaka ke rUpa meM sarpaphanAvalI ke sAtha balarAma ko aMkita kiyA gayA ho / ' kyoMki hindU paramparA meM kRSNa 1222086104xxx BE dvitIya phalaka 25 99 1. yahAM AryakaNha yAnI Arya kRSNa eka jaina AcArya kA nAma hai / usako 'kRSNa' vAsudeva mAna lenA, va hindU paramparA kA sandarbha dekara sarvaphanAvalIvAlI AkRti ko balarAma kaha denA nitAnta kliSTa hai va bhrAntijanaka pratipAdana hai / phira balarAma ke sira para sarpaphanAvalI ho, yaha hindU ( evaM jaina) paramparA ko mAnya bhI kahAM ? / ata: yaha AkRti ko balarAma ke sAtha joDanA kataI ucita nahi lagatA / - zI.
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________________ 100 anusandhAna 50 (2) ke sAtha balarAma ko isI rUpa meM aMkita kiyA jAtA hai| AryakaNha kA ullekha kalpasUtra paTTAvalI ke sAtha-sAtha AvazyakabhASya meM vistAra se milatA hai / vastra ke prazna ko lekara unakA zivabhUti se jo vivAda huA thA, vaha bhI sarvajJAta haiM / yahAM maiM usa carcA meM nahIM jAugA / yahA~ hamArA vivecya to 'AryAvatI' kI pahacAna hI hai| sarasvatI pratimA aura ina donoM phalakoM meM eka bAta vizeSa rUpa se cintanIya hai ki ina donoM phalakoM aura sarasvatI kI pratimA meM gRhastha ko hI hAtha jor3e hue mudrA meM dikhAe gae haiM, muni ko nahIM / muni mAtra apanI upadhi (sAmagrI) ke sAtha sthita hai / phalaka do kA jo abhilekha hai, usakA vAcana isa rUpa meM huA hai : siddham / saM. 95 ke grISma Rtu ke dvitIya mAsa ke 18 ve dina (sambhavataH zaka saMvata 95 ke vaizAkha zukla tRtIyA yA akSayatRtIyA ko) koTTiyagaNa, sthAnikakula, vairA zAkhA kI Arya arhat (dinna) kI ziSyA, gRhadatta kI putrI evaM dhanahastizreSThI kI patnI dvArA (vidyA) dAna / isa phalaka meM devI aura zramaNa ke bIca bar3e akSaroM meM 'kaNha' zabda yahI sUcita karatA hai ki yaha aMkana AryakaNha kA hai| kintu devI aMkana ke samIpa 'vidyA' kA aMkana kahIM yaha to nahIM batAtA hai - yaha 'vidyA' kA aMkana hai| isa prakAra AryAvatI, vidyA evaM sarasvatI - ye tInoM pRthak-pRthak haiM yA kisI eka ke sUcaka paryAyavAcI nAma haiM, yaha vicAraNIya hai| kahIM AryAvatI, vidyA aura sarasvatI eka to nahIM hai ? isa sambandha meM prArambha meM to maiM svayaM bhI aspaSTa hI thA, kintu saMyoga se mujhe prabhAzaMkara-somapurA kI kRti bhAratIya zilpa saMhitA ke kucha jirAksa pRSTha prApta hue, jisake pRSTha 140 para sarasvatI ke (12) bAraha paryAyavAcI nAmoM kA ullekha milA / isameM sarasvatI ke nimna 12 paryAyavAcI nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai - 1. mahAvidyA, 2. mahAvANI, 3. mahAbhAratI, 4. AryA, 5.
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________________ mArca 2010 101 sarasvatI, 6. brAhmI, 7. mahAdhenU, 8. vedagarbhA, 9. IzvarI, 10. mahAlakSmI, 11. mahAkAlI, 12. mahAsarasvatI / isase mujhe aisA AbhAsa huA ki prAcInakAla meM sarasvatI ko hI vidyA, AryA (vatI), sarasvatI Adi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA thA / jaina paramparA meM bhI bhASAoM meM AryabhASA aura anAryabhASA kA ullekha milatA hai, isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM sarasvatI kA anya nAma AryAvatI, vidyA yA mahAvidyA bhI rahe hoNge| punaH prAcIna jaina prAkRta grantha bhI pramukha rUpa se AryA chanda meM likhe gaye haiM isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki AryA (AryAvatI) kA sambandha samyak jJAna se arthAt jinavANI se hai aura yaha sarasvatI kA hI eka upanAma hai / isa AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki vastutaH mathurA meM upalabdha vidyA evaM AryAvatI bhI sarasvatI hI hai / usa grantha meM sarasvatI ke bAraha nAma aura lakSaNa isa prakAra die gae haiM atha dvAdaza sarasvatI svarUpANi (devatAmUrti prakaraNam) ekavaktrAH caturbhujA mukuTena virAjitAH / prabhAmaMDalasaMyuktAH kuMDalAnvitazekharAH // 1 // iti sarasvatI lakSaNAni / akSa-padma-vINA-pustakairmahAvidyA prakIrtitA / iti mahAvidyA 1 akSa-pustaka-vINA-padyaiH mahAvANI ca nAmataH // 2 // iti mahAvANI 2 varAkSaM padmapustake zubhAvahA ca bhAratI / iti bhAratI 3 varAkSapadmapustakaiH sarasvatI prakIrtitA // 3 // iti sarasvatI 4 varAkSaM pustakaM padmaM AryA nAma prakItitA // ityAryA 5 varapustakapadmAkSa(kSA) brAhmI nAma sukhAvahA // 4 // iti brAhmI 6 vara-padma-vINA-pustakaiH mahAdhenuzca nAmataH / iti mahAdhenuH 7 varaM ca pustakaM vINA vedagarbhA tathAmbujam // 5 // iti vedagarbhA 8 akSaM tathA'bhayaM padmapustakairIzvarI bhavet / iti IzvarI 9 akSaM padmaM varagranthau mahAlakSmIstu dhAriNI // 6 // iti mahAlakSmI 10 akSaM padmaM pustakaM ca mahAkAlyA varaM tathA / iti mahAkAlI 11 akSapustakavINAzca padmaM mahAsarasvatI // 7 // iti mahAsarasvatI 12 iti dvAdaza sarasvatIsvarUpANi (jayamate)
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________________ 102 anusandhAna 50 (2) dakSa nIce hindu aura jaina vrata : eka kriyApratikriyAtmaka lekhAjokhA DaoN. anItA botharA mAlA mAlA varada varada mAlA varada 1. mahAvidyA 2. mahAvANI 3. bhAratI 4. sarasvatI AryA brAhmI 7. kAmadhenu 8. vedagarbhA 9. IzvarI 10. mahAlakSmI 11. mahAkAlI 12. mahAsarasvatI upara kamala pustaka mAlA kamala mAlA pustaka padma pustaka abhaya padma kamala vAma upara nIce vINA pustaka vINA kamala kamala pustaka pustaka pustaka kamala mAlA padma pustaka vINA kamala kamala pustaka pustaka pustaka abhaya vINA padma vINA varada varada varada mAlA mAlA mAlA mAlA vINA NORA zIrSaka kA spaSTIkaraNa : veda se prArambhita hokara purANa tathA vividha bhaktisampradAyoM meM vicAra kI jo dhArA bahatI calI AyI hai use hama vaidika, vedottarakAlIna, brAhmaNa yA hindu paramparA kaha sakate haiM / vratoM ke sandarbha meM paurANika kAla meM jo vicAra antarbhUta hue hai unako isa zodhanibandha meM kendrIbhUta sthAna dekara hamane 'hindu paramparA' zabda kA upayoga zIrSaka meM kiyA hai| yadyapi hindu tathA hindutva ina donoM zabdoM ke bAre meM abhyAsakoM meM bahuta matabheda hai tathApi veda se Arambha hokara uttarakAlIna mahAkAvya, darzana tathA purANa meM jo vicArapravAha bahatA calA AyA hai use hama eka dRSTi se hindu kaha sakate haiM / zodhanibandha kA prayojana : brAhmaNa paramparA se samAntara bahatI calI AyI dUsarI bhAratIya vicAradhArA zramaNa paramparA ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| jaina aura bauddha paramparA meM yaha zrAmaNika vicAradhArA sAhitya rUpa meM pravAhita huI hai| jaina vicAradhArA zramaNa paramparA meM prAcInatama hai| jaina sAhitya meM pratibimbita vratoM kA svarUpa apanA eka alaga sthAna rakhatA hai| hindu aura jaina donoM dhArA isI bhAratabhUmi meM udbhUta tathA pravAhita hone ke kAraNa unameM hamezA AdAna-pradAna tathA kriyA-pratikriyAtmaka pravRttiyA~ nirantara calatI AyI haiM / vrata-vicAra ke bAre meM ina donoM meM jo kriyApratikriyAe~ huI unakA tarkasaMgata lekhAjokhA isa zodhanibandha meM prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| hindu athavA brAhmaNa paramparA meM prArambha ke bahutAMza vrata-vidhAna, vividha yajJIya kriyAoM se sambandhita the / paristhitijanya kAraNoM se ve vratavidhAna upavAsa, pUjA tathA vividha aihika, pAralaukika vratoM meM pariNata hue| nezanala saMskRta kaoNnpharansa, nAgapura, 1,2,3 mArca 2009 meM prastuta zodhapatra TOS AryA