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________________ vardhamAna pArzvanAtha zAstrI vidyAvAcaspati vyAkhyAna kesarIsamAjaratna nyAyakAvyatIrtha karnATaka sAhitya kI prAcIna paramparA karnATaka prAnta ke prAcIna vidvAnoM ne jainasaMskRti va sAhitya kI rakSA ke lie apanA viziSTa yogadAna diyA hai. Aja bhI jaina purAtattva, sAhitya, sthApatyakalA Adi ke darzana jo isa prAMta meM hote haiM unase vizva kA samasta bhAga Azcaryacakita hotA hai. bhagavAn bAhubalI kI vizAlakAya mUtti, belUra kAla ke mandira, muDabidrI kI darzanIya navaratnanirmita anarthya ratnapratimAe~, Adi Aja bhI isa prAMta ke vaiziSTya ko vyakta karate haiM. jaina sAhitya ke sRjana aura saMrakSaNa kA zreya bhI isa prAnta ko adhikatara milanA cAhiye, kyoMki SaT-khaNDAgama sadRza Agama-graMtha kI surakSA kevala isa prAMta ke zraddhAlu bandhuoM kI kRpA se hI ho sakI, yaha eka svatantra viSaya hai. isa lekha kA viSaya kevala karnATakasAhitya kI paramparA kA avalokana karanA hai. karnATaka-sAhitya kI paramparA vaise to karnATaka-sAhitya kI paramparA kA sambandha bahuta prAcIna kAla se jor3A jAtA hai. bhagavAn AdinAtha prabhu kI kanyA brAhmI ne kannaDa lipi kA nirmANa kiyA, isa prakAra kA eka kathana paramparA se, itihAsAtIta kAla se sunane meM AtA hai, parantu Aja hameM aitihAsika dRSTi se isa sAhitya kI paramparA kitanI prAcIna hai, isakA vicAra karanA hai. aneka graMthoM ke avalokana se yaha avagata hotA hai ki prAcIna AcArya yuga meM karnATaka graMthakartAoM kA bhI astitva thA. karnATaka-sAhitya-nirmiti kA sarvaprathama zreya jaina graMthakAroM ko hI milanA cAhie. isa viSaya meM Aja ke sAhityajagat meM koI matabheda nahIM hai. kevala prAcInatA ke lie hI nahIM, viSaya va pratipAdana mahattva ke lie bhI Aja karnATaka meM jaina sAhitya ko hI prathama sthAna diyA jA sakatA hai. isalie Aja aneka vizvavidyAlayoM ke paThana-krama meM jainasAhityagraMtha hI niyukta hue haiM. jainetara niSpakSa vidvAnoM ne jaina sAhitya kI muktakaNTha se aneka bAra prazaMsA kI hai. isa dRSTi se karnATaka jaina sAhitya kI paramparA bahuta prAcIna aura mahattvapUrNa hai, yaha nirvivAda siddha hotA hai. prAcInakAla meM isa sAhitya ke nirmAtA jaina kaviyoM ko rAjAzraya milA thA ataH gaMga, pallava, rASTra kUTa Adi rAjavaMzoM ke rAjyakAla meM ina kaviyoM ko vizeSa protsAhana milA. ina kaviyoM se una rAjAoM ko apane rAjyazakaTa ko nidhi rUpa se calAne ke lie bala milA, yaha vividha ghaTanAoM se siddha hotA hai. rASTra kUTa zAsaka nRpatuga nauvIM zatAbdI meM huA hai, usane kavirAjamArga kI racanA kI hai. usake ullekhoM se anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki usase pahale bhI karnATaka sAhitya kI racanA huI hai. usase pahale purAne kannaDa jisako 'have kannaDa' ke nAma se kahA jAtA hai, usameM graMthoM kI racanA hotI thI. kavirAjamArga meM nRpatuga ne kucha have kannaDa kAbyoM ke prakAra kA nirdeza kiyA hai. isake alAvA kucha prAcIna kaviyoM kA ullekha bhI graMthakAra ne kiyA hai. A RANAL DATE HAWAT MIRRNA Jain Edtican .. mamSMETHINGTONION LIVEVRUSamaysetores IIT1111111111:MITTRITISHTRITTunwliaTI mutaneselibrary.org mmmmi MI...Im alliA...
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________________ vardhamAna pArzvanAtha zAstrI : karnATaka sAhitya kI paramparA : 857 zrIvijaya, kaviparamezvara, paMDitacandra, lokapAla Adi kaviyoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai. mahAkavi pampa ne bhI samantabhadra, kaviparameSThI, pUjyapAda Adi kaviyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai. samantabhadra aura pUjyapAda kA samaya bahuta prAcIna hai. ina AcAryoM kI janmabhUmi aura karmabhUmi karnATaka kI rahI hai, isIlie anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki ina AcAryoM ne bhI koI karnATaka bhASA meM apanI racanA kI ho, parantu abhI koI upalabdha nahIM hai. pUjyapAda ke kaI graMthoM para karnATakaTIkA upalabdha hotI hai, samantabhadra ke graMthoM para bhI purAne kannaDa meM TIkA likhI gaI hai. isalie yaha sahaja anumAna ho sakatA hai ki inake kAla meM bhI karnATaka sAhitya kI sRSTi huI ho. nRpatuga ke dvArA ullikhita zrIvijaya ne bhI koI karnATakagraMtha kI racanA kI hogI, yaha bhI spaSTa hai, jisakA ullekha aneka sthaloM meM uttara granthakAra karate haiM. ina kaviyoM ke sAtha kavIzvara yA kaviparameSThI kA jo ullekha AtA hai vaha bhI prAcIna kavi mAlUma hotA hai. yaha bhI nirvivAda hai ki mahApurANakAra bhagavajjinamena aura guNabhadra se bhI pahile isakI racanA astitva meM hogI, aura mahattvapUrNa sthAna ko lekara, kyoMki bhagavajjinasena ne bhI apane AdipurANa meM isakA ullekha Adara ke sAtha kiyA hai saH pUjyaH kvibhiloke kavInAM paramezvaraH vAgartha-saMgrahaM kRtsnaM purANaM yaH samagrahIt / ' isI prakAra uttarapurANa meM AcArya guNabhadra ne kavi paramezvara kA ullekha kiyA hai. ina ullekhoM se spaSTa hai ki triSaSTizalAkA puruSoM ke purANa kA kathana karane vAlA graMtha AcArya jinasena aura guNabhadra se bhI pahale avazya kavi parameSThI ke dvArA racita rahA hogA, vaha karnATaka bhASA meM thA. vaha bhale hI saMkSipta ho, parantu bhagavajjinasenAcArya ne usakA vistAra kiyA. ina saba bAtoM ko likhane kA hamArA abhiprAya yaha hai ki karnATaka sAhitya kI paramparA bahuta prAcIna hai. jinasena guNabhadrAdika se kaI zatI pahile se hI karnATaka graMthoM kI racanA hotI rahI, isa bAta ke ullekha uttara kAlavartI graMthoM meM pAye jAte haiM. tatpUrva ke aneka zilAlekha bhI pAye jAte haiM. yatra-tatra granthoM meM una prAcIna graMthoM ke uddharaNa bhI milate haiM. phira bhI dudaiva hai ki samagra sAhitya upalabdha nahIM hotA hai. isa sambandha meM yahA~ para hama digdarzana mAtra karA dete haiM. vizeSa paricaya se svatantra graMtha bana jAyagA. jaina kaviyoM ne karnATaka bhASA meM gadyakAvya aura padyakAvya kI racanA kI hai, Adikavi pampa ne campU kAvya se hI apanI kalA kA zrIgaNeza kiyA hai. paMpa mahAkavi mahAkavi ne kri0 za0 641 meM AdipurANa aura pampacarita kI racanA kI hai, unakI ye racanAyeM campU meM haiM. campUkAvya kA yahI janaka pratIta hotA hai. isakI racanA ko karnATaka sAhitya meM vizeSa mahattva kA sthAna hai. pampa mUlata: vaidika thA, arthAt isake pUrvaja vaidika the, parantu isake pitA zrI abhirAma ne jaina dharma kI mahattA se prabhAvita hokara use aMgIkAra kiyA. isalie pampa ke jIvana meM jaina dharma kA hI saMskAra vizeSata: dRSTigocara hotA hai. sabase pahale mahAkavi ne AdipurANa kI racanA kI hai, AdipurANa kI racanA prAyaH bhagavajjinasena ke dvArA viracita AdipurANa ke kathA vastu ko sAmane rakhakara pampa ne kI hai. parantu zailI usakI svatantra hai. jaise saMskRta mahApurANa meM AcArya ne kevala kathAsAhitya kA hI nirmANa nahIM kiyA sAtha meM dharmAcaraNa aura tattvabodha kI dRSTi bhI rahI, isI prakAra pampa ne apane grantha meM sAhitya aura dharmabodha, donoM uddezyoM ko sAdhA hai. prAdipurANa meM bhI bhagavAn Adiprabhu kA caritra bahuta sarasa DhaMga se citrita kiyA gayA hai, bhoga aura yoga kA sundara sAmaMjasya karate hue kavi ne graMtha meM 1. AdipurANa parva 1 zlo060.
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________________ wwwwwwwwwww 858 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : caturtha adhyAya sarvatra bhoga-riti kA upadeza diyA hai. isakI dUsarI racanA pampacarita hai. isakA viSaya bhArata hai. apane kAlIna rAjA AdikesarI ko arjuna ke sthAna para rakhakara kavi ne sthAna-sthAna para usakI prazaMsA kI hai. arjuna ke sAtha apane rAjA kI tulanA karane kI dhuna meM kahIM-kahIM kathAvastu meM bhI kiMcit antara kavi ko karanA par3A hai, tathApi kAvya ke mahattva meM koI nyUnatA nahIM hai. yaha karnATaka sAhitya meM Adya kavi mAnA jAtA hai. jaina jainetara sarvakSetroM meM pampa ke sAhitya ke prati paramAdara kA sthAna hai, uttara graMthakAroM ne pampa ko bahuta Adara ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA hai. Age jAkara eka kavi ne apane ko abhinava pampa ke nAma se ullekha kiyA hai, isase bhI Adi pampa kI mahattA vyakta hotI hai. kavi ponna pampa ke bAda ponna nAma kA kavi huA. isakA samaya I0 650 karIba mAnA jAtA hai. isane bhI pampa ke samAna hI eka dhArmika aura laukika tathA dUsarA dhArmika, isa prakAra do kAvyoM kI racanA kI hai ,isakI racanA meM mukhyata: zAntinAthapurANa kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai. dUsarA laukika graMtha bhuvanaikarAmAbhyudaya upalabdha nahIM hai. isake alAvA jinAkSaramAlA' nAmaka stotra graMtha ko bhI isane racanA kI hai. isa kavi kA bhI karnATaka sAhityakSetra meM ucca sthAna hai. ise kavicakravartI ubhayabhASA-kavicakravartI Adi upAdhiyAM thIM. uttara kaviyoM ne isakA bhI sAdara smaraNa kiyA hai. kavi ranna ponna ke bAda ranna mahAkavi kA ullekha karanA cAhie. vaha karIba kri0 za0 663 meM huA, yaha jaina vaizya thA. sAmAnya kAsAra kula meM utpanna hone para bhI saMskRta aura kannar3a meM uddAma pAMDitya ko prApta kiyA thA. aneka sundara graMthoM kI racanA kara karnATaka sAhitya-jagat kA isane mahadupakAra kiyA hai. isakI racanAoM meM se kucha upalabdha haiM. ajitanAtha tIrthaMkara purANa, Adi upalabdha haiM, ajya ullikhita parazurAmacarita cakrezvaracarita anupalabdha haiM. yaha bhI karnATaka sAhitya meM ucca sthAna meM gaNanIya kavi hai. pampa, ranna aura ponna ye kannar3a kavi ratnatraya kahalAte haiM isIse inakI mahattA kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai. kavi cAmuNDarAya isI samaya ke kavi cAmuMDarAya ne jo ki za0 661 se 684 taka gaMgavADI ke rAjA mArasiMha, rAjamalla kA senApati thA, cAmuMDarAyapurANa kI racanA kI hai. yaha caturviMzati tIrthaMkaroM ke caritra ko varNana karanevAlA gadya-graMtha hai. isa prakAra zivakoTI ne vaDDArAdha ne nAmaka gadyagraMtha kI racanA kI hai. kucha anya kavigaNa isake bAda karIba gyArahaveM zatamAna meM dharmAmRta ke racayitA kavi namasena aura lIlAvatI prabandha ke racayitA nemicandra, kadhigara kAvya ke racayitA aMDamma kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai. inhoMne dharmopadeza dene ke nimitta se vividha prameyoM ko cunakara grantha nirUpaNa kiyA hai. kathA-sAhitya ke sAtha ahiMsAdi dharmoM kA paripoSaNa ina graMthoM se hotA hai. isI yuga meM kucha anya kavi bhI hue haiM, jinhoMne caturviMzati tIrthakaroM ke purANagraMthoM kI racanA kI hai. unameM ullekhanIya kaviyoM kA digdarzana mAtra karAyA jAtA hai, kavikarNapArya ne (1-140) neminAtha purANa, agatadevane (1186) candraprabhapurANa, kavi AcavNa (1165) ne vardhamAna pasaNaDhA, kavi guNavarma (1235) ne puSpadaMta purANa, kavi kamalabhava ne (1235) zAntIzvarapurANa, kavimahAbala ne (1254) neminAtha pasaNaDhA, madhura kavi ne (1385) dharma nAmapurANa kI racanA kI hai. ina sabakI racanAe~ mahattvapUrNa haiM. kavi cakravartI janna kri0 za0 1170 se 1235 ke bIca meM janna mahA kavi ne apanI racanA se karnATaka sAhityajagat kA upakAra kiyA > Jarcati Finadiary.org
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________________ vardhamAna pArzvanAtha zAstrI : karnATaka sAhitya kI paramparA 856 hai. isane yazodharacaritra ko likha kara apane racanAkauzala ko vyakta kiyA hai. isakA prameya yazastilakacampU mahAkAvya kA hai. karnATakasAhitya meM janna kI racanA ke lie bhI vahI sthAna prApta hai jo saMskRta sAhitya meM yazastilaka campU ko hai. yaha kavicakapa upAdhi se vibhUSita huA hai prAyaH isI samaya hastimalla huA, vaha ubhaya bhASA kavicakravartI thA, usane gadya meM AdipurANa kI racanA kI hai. yaha karIba 1260 meM huA. isake kucha saMskRta graMtha haiM. abhinava pampa nAgacandra 12 veM zatamAna meM nAgacandra nAmaka eka vidvAn kavi huA hai jisane rAmAyaNa kI racanA kI hai. jaina paramparA ke upadezAnusAra nirmita paumacariu raviSeNakRti padmapurANa Adi ke anusAra hI isane rAmAyaNa kI racanA kI hai. isakI racanA bhI sundara huI hai. isane apane ko abhinava pampa ke nAma se ullekha kiyA hai. isane vijayapura meM eka mallinAtha ke jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA, usa kI smRti meM mallinAthapurANa kI racanA kI hai. isake bAda 14 veM zataka meM bhAskara kavi ne jIvaMdharacarita kA nirmANa kiyA aura kavi bommarasa ne sanatkumAracaritra aura jIvaMdharacaritra kI racanA kI hai. 16 veM zataka ke prArambha meM maMgarasa kavi ne samyaktvakaumudI, jayanRpakAvya, nemijinezasaMgati, zrIpAlacaritra, prabhaMjanacarita aura sUpazAstra Adi graMthoM kI racanA kI hai. isI prakAra sAkvakavi ne bhArata aura kavidoDDa ne candraprabhacaritra ko isI samaya ke lagabhaga nirmANa kiyA hai. mahAkavi ratnAkara varNoM isake bAda mahAkavi ratnAkara varNI kA ullekha bahuta Adara ke sAtha sAhitya jagat meM kiyA jA sakatA hai. isane bharatezvara vaibhava nAmaka bahuta bar3e AdhyAtmika sarasa graMtha kI racanA kI hai. isameM karIba 10 hajAra sAMgatya zloka haiM / kavi kA varNanAcAturya, padalAlitya, bhoga-yoga kA prabhAvaka varNana ullekhanIya hai. isa graMtha ko kavi ne bhogavijaya, digvijaya, yogavijaya, mokSavijaya aura arkakIrtivijaya ke nAma se paMca kalyANa ke rUpa meM vibhakta kiyA hai. usakA samaya kri0 za0 1557 kA mAnA jAtA hai. isa mahAkAvya meM kavi ne Adiprabhu ke putra bharatezvara ko apanA kathAnAyaka cunakara usakI dinacaryA kA vRtta atyanta AkarSaka DhaMga se varNana kiyA hai. isa kAvya meM jaise adhyAtma kA parAkASThA kA varNana hai. yaha mahAkAvya AdhyAtmika sarasa kathA hai. lekhaka ke dvArA usakA samagra hindI anuvAda ho cukA hai aura usakI kaI AvRttiyAM prakAzita ho cukI haiM. gujarAtI, marAThI aura aMgrejI meM bhI yaha prakAzita hone jA rahA hai. isI se isa graMtha kI mahattA samajha meM A sakatI hai. isa mahAkAvya ko bhAratIya sAhitya akAdamIne bhI prakAzita karane kA vicAra kiyA hai. usane isa graMtha ke alAvA ratnAkarazataka, aparajinazataka aura trilokazataka nAmaka zatakatraya graMtha kI bhI racanA karake AdhyAtmika jagat kA upakAra kiyA hai. isake bAda sAMgatya chaMda meM aneka kaviyoMne graMtharacanA kI hai - bAhubali kavi ne ( 1560) nAgakumAra carite, pAyavNavrati ne (1606) samyavakaumudI, paMcAla ne (1614) bhujabala kI racanA kI. isI prakAra candra kavi ne (1646 ) kAla ke gommaTezacaritra, paraNIpaMDita ne (1650) vijjaNarAma caritra, nemi paMDita ne (1650) suvicAracarita, cidAnaMda ne (1680) munivaMzAbhyudaya, padmanAbha ne (1680) jinadattarAyacarite, pAyaNa kavi ne ( 1750 ) rAmacandracarite, anaMta kavi ne (1780) zravaNavelagola ke gommaTeza caritra, dharaNI paMDita ne varAMgacaritra, vahaNAMva ne jinabhArata, candrasAgara varNI ne (1810 ) rAmAyaNa kI racanA kI hai. isI ke lagabhaga cAru paMDita ne bhavyajana- cintAmaNi, aura devacandra ne rAjAvalIkathA nAmaka aitihAsika graMtha kI racanA kI hai. pampa ke yuga ko hama campUyuga kaha sakate haiM to ratnAkara varNI ke yuga ko hama sAMgatya kA yuga kaha sakate haiM. do 'yugapuruSa haiM. alrsonal Ush. Only wwwwwwwwr ~ ~ ~ ~
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________________ 860 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-prantha : caturtha adhyAya vibhinna viSaya meM karnATaka sAhitya nRpatuMga ke dvArA viracita 'kavirAjamArga' lakSaNagraMthoM meM kaviyoM ke lie rAjamArga hai, isI prakAra nAgavarma kA chaMdodadhi nAmaka chaMdagraMtha, dUsare nAgavarmakA karnATaka bhASA-bhUSaNa (vyAkaraNa) kAvyAvalokana (alaMkAra) vastukoSa (koSa) bhaTTAkalaMka kA zabdAnuzAsana (vyAkaraNa) kezIrAja kA (1260) malidarpaNa (?) aura sAbva ke dvArA viracita rasaratnAkara (rasaviSayaka) devottamakA nAnArtha ratnAkara (koSa) zRMgAra kavi kA karnATakasaMjIvana (koSa) Adi graMtha karnA. Taka kaviyoM kI vividha vibhAga kI sevAoM ko vyakta karate haiM. isI prakAra vaidyaka, jyotiSa aura sAmudrikAdi zAstroM kI racanA karnATaka ke kaviyoM ne kI hai. unameM bahuta se graMtha anupalabdha haiM, kucha upalabdha haiM. kalyANakAraka (vaidyaka) (somanAtha) hastyAyurveda (zivamAradeva) bAlagrahacikitsA (devendramuni) madanatilaka (candarAja) smarataMtra (janna) Adi graMtha bhI ullekhanIya haiM. isake alAvA dhyAnasArasamuccaya Adi graMthoM kI bhI racanA huI hai. isI prakAra jyotiSasaMbaMdhI racanAoM meM zrIdharAcArya kA jAtakatilaka (1046) cAuNDarAya kA lokopakAraka (sAmdrika) jayabandhunandana kA sUpazAstra, rAjAdityakA gaNitazAstra, arhaddAsa ke dvArA viracita zakunazAstra Adi graMtha bhI ullekhanIya haiM. spaSTa hai ki karnATaka prAMtIya kaviyoM ne bahuta prAcIna kAla se hI sAhitya ke vividha aMgoM kI sevA kara mahAn lokopakAra kiyA hai. bahuta se sAhitya naSTa-bhraSTa hue, avazeSa sAhitya bhI vipula pramANa meM Aja upalabdha haiM. karnATaka prAMta meM jaina sAhitya aura jaina sAhityakAroM ke nAma haraeka sampradAya vAle bahuta gaurava ke sAtha smaraNa kareMge. aisI sthiti kA nirmANa isa paramparA ne kiyA hai. jaina samAja ke lie yaha abhimAna kI cIja hai. parantu yadi hama isa pAvana paramparA kI sukSA karane meM samartha hue to hI hamAre lie bhUSaNa hai. anyathA kevala bapautI kA nAma lekara jInevAlI puruSArthahIna santati kA hI sthAna hamArA hai. Jain Education Intemational