Jain Vidyache Vividh Aayam Part 02

Author(s): Nalini Joshi
Publisher: Nalini Joshi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/009842/1

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jainavidyece vividha AyAma (sphuTa-ciMtanAtmaka lekha) bhAga - 2 * lekhana va saMpAdana * DaoN. nalinI jozI prAdhyApikA, jaina adhyAsana seTha hirAcaMda nemacaMda jaina adhyAsana phirodiyA prakAzana puNe vidyApITha oNgasTa 2011

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3. jaina tattva ciMtana (1 te 4 ) (AkAzavANI - puNe keMdra, 'ciMtana', paryuSaNaparva, 2005) 1. tIrthaMkarapraNIta dharma ApalyA bhArata dezAta prAcIna kALApAsUna tIna dharma pracalita Aheta. hiMdu kiMvA vaidika dharma. jaina dharma ANi bauddha dharma. jaina dharma hA svataMtra dharma Ahe kI hiMdU dharmAcI zAkhA Ahe, yA vAdavivAdAta Aja ApalyAlA zirAyacaM nAhI. hiMdU paraMparepekSA ApalyA vegaLyA tattvajJAnAnaM ANi AcaraNAnaM uThUna disaNArI jaina paraMparA, zramaNa paraMparetIla eka mukhya vicAradhArA Ahe. jI manuSya mhaNUna janmalI, rAga-dveSa ityAdI vikArAMvara tAbA miLavalA ANi zuddha AcaraNAnaM zreSTha AdhyAtmika sAmarthyAnaM bhUSita jhAlI, tyA vyaktIsa 'jina' mhaNatAta. azA jina bhagavaMtAMnI sarva prANimAtrAMcyA kalyANAcyA icchenaM prarita hoUna, jo upadeza dilA, jI AcArasaMhitA ghAlUna dilI va je tattvajJAna sAMgitale, te sarva jaina dharmAcyA aMtargata yete. jaina paraMparenusAra, jaina dharma anAdi Ahe. jaina dharmAcyA pravartaka puruSAMnA 'tIrthaMkara' mhaNatAta. RSabhadeva pahile tIrthaMkara asUna bha. mahAvIra he 24 ve tIrthaMkara Aheta. tIrthaMkara he hiMdU saMkalpaneta asalelyA avatArAMpekSA vegaLe mheta. mahAvIrAMcA sarvamAnya kALa i.sa.pU. 500 Ahe. tevhApAsUna AjaparyaMta aneka prabhAvI AcAryAMnI hA dharma ApalyAparyaMta pohocavilA. vegavegaLe jaina AcArya ApalyA graMthAta 'dharma mhaNaje kAya ?' he aneka prakAre samajAvUna sAMgatAta. dharma hA maMgala va utkRSTa Ahe kAraNa ahiMsA, saMyama va tapa hI pramukha tattve samajAvUna sAMgato. jo dharmAlA sadaiva manAta Thevato, tyAlA devahI vaMdana karatAta. vastUcyA mULa svabhAvAlA dharma mhaNatAta. kSamA, mArdava, RjutA, satya, zucitA, saMyama, tapa, i. 10 prakAracyA guNAMnAhI AtmyAce guNa mAnatAta. he guNa dhArmika vyaktIta sahajaca prakaTa hotAta. jIvAMcyA rakSaNAlAhI dharma mhaNatAta. dharma dayApradAna asato. dharma, deva agara gurU yAMcyA nAvAkhAlI kelelyA hiMselA dharmAta kadhIca thArA nasato. jAsta kAya sAMgAve ? je ApalyAlA pratikUla Ahe te dusar2yAMcyA bAbatIta cukUnasuddhA na karaNe hAca dharma. gAjAvAjA, avaDaMbara na karatA dharmAcaraNa zAMtatene va satata karIta rahAve. dharmarUpI mA 'vinaya' he mULa asUna, 'mokSa' he phaLa Ahe. dharmAcA pAyA zraddhA Ahe. tI zraddhA nITa pArakhUna ThevalelI asela taraca 'samyak' banate. dharmapAlanAsAThI vrate grahaNa karaNe Avazyaka Ahe. vratAMce pUrNa pAlana kele kI tI 'mahAvrate' hotAta. 'ahiMsA' he sarvAta pramukha mahAvrata Ahe. itara vrate tyAcyA rakSaNAsAThI sAMgitalI Aheta. jaina AcArya AtmaciMtanAlA navInaca khAdya detAta. te mhaNatAta, "jIvavadha hA Atmavadha asUna jIvadayA hI vastuta: ApalyAvaraca kelelI dayA Ahe. " *************

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(AkAzavANI-puNe keMdra, 'ciMtana', paryuSaNaparva, 2005) 2. jIva-vicAra vizvAtalA koNatAhI dharma ghyA, tyAcI dona aMge asatAta. eka aMga tattvajJAnAce asate tara dusare AcaraNAce. hA saMbaMdha zarIra ANi caitanya yAMcyA dRSTAMtAne spaSTa karaNyAta yeto. AcaraNa he zarIra asale tara tattvajJAna hA prANa. bAhya AcaraNAta deza-kAla-paristhitInusAra kAhI nA kAhI badala aparihArya Ahe. tattvaciMtanAcI dhArA mAtra satata akSuNNaca rahAte. pratyeka bhAratIya darzanAnaM ApApalyA viziSTa tattvapraNAlI nizcita kelyA Aheta. tattvAMcI agara padArthAMcI gaNanA kelI Ahe. jaina dharmAnehI 7 agara 9 tattvAMcyA rUpAne hI mImAMsA kelI Ahe. ___ mukhyata: sarva sRSTI hI dona vibhAgAta vibhAgatA yete. jIva va ajIva mhaNajeenergy & matter. naU tattvAMpaikI pahile tattva jIva agara AtmA Ahe. ajIva agara jIva yAMnA tattve mhaNUna samAna darjA dilA Ahe. jIva he anaMta Aheta. pratyeka jIva svataMtra Ahe. jJAnacetanA agara bodhazaktI he jIvAce asAdhAraNa lakSaNa Ahe. tyAlA upayoga' hA pAribhASika zabda dilA Ahe. Aja ApaNa jIvatattvAcA adhika vistArAne parAmarza gheU. jIvAMce mukhya prakAra dona. saMsArI ANi mukta. saMsArI mhaNaje ekA janmAtUna dusar2yA janmAta sarata jANAre. mukta mhaNaje janma-mRtyU cakrAtUna suTalele. siddha ANi arhat donhI mukta jIvaca Aheta. paraMtu tyAMcyA kAryAta pharakAhe. arhat kiMvA tIrthaMkara he jIvanakAlAta kAhI kALa tarI upadeza va mArgadarzana karatAta. saMsArI jIvAMce trasa va sthAvara mhaNaje hAlacAla karU zakaNAre (arthAt jAgA soDU zakaNAre) va jAgA soDU na zakaNAre ase dona bheda asatAta. zAvara jIva pAca prakArace asatAta. pRthvIkAyika, jalakAyika, agnikAyika, vAyukAyika va vanaspatikAyika. yAcA artha ApaNa nITa samajUna gheU. gairasamaja asA Ahe kI jalakAyika jIva mhaNaje pANyAtIla jaMtU i. hota. jaina dharmAtIla he pANyAtale jIva nasUna, jyAMcI zarIre khudda pANIca Ahe ase jIva. hIca goSTa pRthvIkAyika i. jIvAMcI Ahe. yA sarvAMnA ekaca iMdriya asate va te mhaNaje sparza. jyAMnA hiMdU darzane 'paMcamahAbhUte' mAnatAta tyAMnA jaina darzana ejeMyi jIva' saMbodhato. trasa mhaNaje jAgA badalU zakaNAr2yA jIvAMce dona iMdriyavAle, tIna iMdriyavAle i. bhAga kele Aheta. gAMDuLAsArakhyA prANyAMnA sparza va rasanA hI donaca iMdriye asatAta. muMgI, DhekUNa, kITakAMnA sparza, rasanA va ghrANa hI tIna jhaMya asatAta. DAsa, madhamAzI i. jIvAMnA cakSU i. cAra iMdriye asatAta. gAya, ghoDA i. pRSThavaMzIya prANyAMnA zravaNa dharUna pAca iMdriye asatAta. manuSya, deva va adholokAtIla jIvAMnA pAca iMdriyAMkherIja mana va vicArazaktIhI asate. 'nigoda' hA sUkSma jIvaprakAra asato. sarva jIvAMcyA miLUna 84 lakSa yonI mAnalyA Aheta. AtmakalyANa karUna gheNyAcI sarvAta adhika kSamatA agara sAmarthya manuSya yonIta Ahe. tyAcabarobara hehI khare Ahe kI saMyama va vivekAcyA abhAvI jAstIta jAsta krUra karme karUna adhogatIlA jANyAsahI mAnavaca udyukta hotAta. jainAMcA hA jIvavicAra vijJAnAcyA kasoTIvara kasa utarato hA prazna vegaLA paNa ciMtanAlA preraka TharaNArA mAtra nakkIca Ahe !

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(AkAzavANI-puNe keMdra, 'ciMtana', paryuSaNaparva, 2005) 3. ajIva-vicAra jaina darzanAtIla 'jIva' vicArAnaMtara ApaNa 'ajIva' dravyAcA parAmarza gheNAra Ahota. jaina tattvajJAnAnusAra he dRzya vizva satya agara vAstava asUna to sahA dravyAMcA samudAya Ahe. hI sahA dravye mhaNaje jIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla ANi pudgala - hota. yAtIla 'jIva' vagaLatA uralelI pAca dravye ajIva Aheta. pudgala he pahile ajIva dravya Ahe. jyAMcyA lahAnamoThyA saMghAtAMnI jagAtIla niranirALe acetana padArtha banalele Aheta tyA aNUMnA 'pudagala' mhaNatAta. tyAMcyA ThikANI satata parispaMda va pariNAma yA kriyA surU asatAta. parispaMda mhaNaje nusatI hAlacAla tara pariNAma mhaNaje tyAMcyA guNAta va paryAyAta mhaNaje avasthAMmadhye jhAlele badala. pratyeka pudgalAcyA ThikANI sparza,sa, gaMdha va varNa (rUpa) he guNa asatAtaca. vaizeSikAMnI mAMDalelyA paramANuvAdApekSA jainAMcA paramANuvAda grIka tattvajJAnasa adhika javaLacA Ahe. paramANUMcyA saMghAtAMnA 'skaMdha' mhaNatAta. pudgalAMce sthUla, sUkSma, sUkSmatara ase pharaka Aheta karmAce suddhA atizaya sUkSma paramANUca asatAta. mRtyUnaMtara jIva hA svata:cyA sUkSmatara kArmaNa zarIrAsa gheUnaca dusar2yA zarIrAta pravezato. 'dharma' ANi 'adharma' nAvAcyA svataMtra tattvAMcA vicAra jaina darzanAne kelA Ahe. yAcA artha sadAcAra agara durAcAra asA nAhI. hyA dravyAMnI sarva lokAkAza bharUna TAkale Ahe. yAMce varNana Adhunika paribhASetamotion & intertia ase karatA yeIla. dharmadravya gatIsa sahAyaka Ahe. te gatIsa preraNA deta nAhI tara nusatI madata karate. pANI, kAhI mAzAMnA Dhakalata nAhI, phakta tyAMcyA gatIlA vAva dete. adharmadravya he sthitIce udAsIna kAraNa Ahe. sthitizIla padArthAMnA ekA ThikANI sthira rahANyAsa te madata karate. vRkSAcI sAvalI kAhI pravAzAlA rokhUna ThevIta nAhI paNa sathalA nivAsa sukhakara karaNyAsa madata karate. mhaNaje hI sthiti-gatIMnA AdhArabhUta tattve Aheta. ___cauthe ajIva tattva 'AkAza' (space) he Ahe. sarva dravya-padArthAMnA avakAza karUna deNe, tyAMcyA avagAhanAsa sahAyya karaNe he AkAzAce kArya. AkAzAce lokAkAza ANi alokAkAza ase dona bhAga mAnale. lokAkAzasahA dravyAMnI bharUna gele Ahe tara alokAkAza nusatIca akhaMDa pokaLI Ahe. tethe padArthAMcI gatI vA sthitI zakya nAhI AttAparyaMta varNilelI 'jIva' dravya dharUna pAca dravye 'astikAya' mhaNUna saMbodhalI Aheta. 'paMcAstikAya' nAvAcyA graMthAta tyAce savistara varNana Ahe. 'kAla' (time) he sahAve dravya Ahe. tyAlA lAMbI, ruMdI, uMcI azI aneka parimANe kiMvA mitI nasatAta. kAlAce aNU jaNUkAhI ADavyA dor2yAta maNI ovAve tase ekApuDhe eka asatAta. padArthAMcya madhye jhAlele badala agara vikAra ApalyAlA jANavUna deNyAsAThI AdhAra-tattva mhaNaje kAla. padArthAta badala jhAlA tarI hAca to padArtha' azI oLakhahI kALAmuLeca paDate. divasa, rAtra, mahinA, varSa azI gaNatI mhaNaje vyavahArAtIla kALa hoya. muLAta to akhaMDa Ahe. jainAMcA SaDdravyavicAra saMkSepAne azA prakAracA Ahe.

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(AkAzavANI-puNe keMdra, 'ciMtana', paryuSaNaparva, 2005) 4. uttarAdhyayanAtIla vizeSa vicAra jaina sAhityAtIla prAcIna graMtha 'ardhamAgadhI' nAvAcyA prAkRta bhASeta lihilele Aheta. hiMdU dharmAta je sthAna 'bhagavadgIte'lA Ahe, bauddha dharmAta je sthAna 'dhammapada' graMthAlA Ahe kiMvA khrizcana dharmAta je sthAna bAyabala'lA Ahe teca sthAna jaina dharmAta 'uttarAdhyayana' nAvAcyA graMthAsa Ahe. hI sAkSAt 'mahAvIravANI' samajalI jAte. yAcyA mahattvAche yAsa 'mUlasUtra' ase mhaNatAta. jaina samAjAta yA lokapriya graMthAcA AjahI khUpa abhyAsa kelA jAto. yAtIla mojake vicAra ApalyA adhika vicArArtha ApalyA puDhe ThevIta Ahe. yA saMsArAta prANyAMnA cAra goSTI atizaya durmiLa Aheta. manuSyajanma prApta hoNe, saddharmAce zravaNa karaNe, dharmAvara atUTa zraddhA va saMyamAsAThI lAgaNAre sAmarthya yA tyA cAra goSTI Aheta. rAga arthAt AsaktI ANi dveSa yA dona vikArAMcyA dvAre manuSya satata karmamalAcA saMcaya karata asato. he tyAce kAma donhI dvArAMnI mAtI khANAr2yA guLAsArakhe asate. sAdhUne kazAcAhI lezamAtra saMcaya karU naye. pakSyApramANe sadaiva vicaraNa karAve. tIna vyApArI bhAMDavala gheUna vyApArAlA nighAle. ekAne naphA kamAvalA. dusarA bhAMDavalAsaha parata AlA. tisar2yAne bhAMDavalahI gamAvale. manuSyatva he bhAMDavala Ahe. devagati hI lAbharUpa Ahe. manuSyayonI gamAvalI tara naraka kiMvA tiryaMca gatI prApta hote. pravAsAla nighAlelA mANUsa vATetaca ghara bAMdhUna rAhU lAgalA tara tyAlA icchita sthaLAcI prAptI kazI hoNAra ? mANasAnehI AtmakalyANAce dhyeya soDUna upabhogAMcyA viSayAta ramamANa hoU naye. bha. mahAvIra ApalA pramukha ziSya jo gautama tyAsa mhaNatAta - "he gautamA, kALAcyA oghAta pivaLI pAne jazI jhADAvarUna ApoApa gaLUna paDatAta, tase mAnavI jIvana Ahe. tu kSaNabharahI besAvadha rAha nakosa. siMha jasA haraNAlA pakaDUna pharaphaTata gheUna jAto, tyApramANe mRtyU manuSyAvara jhaDapa ghAlato. azA veLI nAtevAIka, mitra, zejArI upayogI paDU zakata nAhIta. phakta tyAce karma teveDhatyA kartyAcyA mAge jAte. paDhalele veda AmhAlA tAraNAra nAhIta. brAhmaNa bhojane ghAlaNe hA kAhI moThA dharmAcA mArganAhI. zrAddha vagaire karaNAre patrasuddhA gelelyA jIvAce kAhIca barevAITa karU zakata nAhIta." 'amuka amuka mI miLavale. amuka amuka miLavAyace rAhile'-azA vicArAta tU guMtUna rAhazIla tara mRtyU tulA kadhI gAThela yAcA pattAhI lAgaNAra nAhI. jasajasA mANasAlA lAbha hoto, tasatasA tyAcA lobha vADhataca jAto. dona kavaDyAMcI AraMbhI icchA karaNArA mANUsa, sonyArUpAce parvata miLUnahI tRpta hotaca nAhI. jarAmaraNAcyA pravAhAta vegAne vAhana jANAr2yA jIvAsa dharma heca dvIpa, tIca gatI va teca zaraNasthAna Ahe. bha. mahAvIrAMnI jAtisaMsthesa prAdhAnya deNAr2yA samAjAtIla mAnya vicArAMvara ghaNAghAtI prahAra kele. te mhaNatAta, 'kevaLa muMDana kelyAne koNI zramaNa hota nAhI, samabhAva ThevalyAne zramaNa hoto. oMkArAcyA japAne navhe tara malamajJAnAne brAhmaNa hoto. brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya va zUdra hA jo to ApalyA karmAMnI hoto, kevaLa janmAne navhe.' **********

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4. jaina darzanAtIla 'punarjanma' saMkalpanA ('jaina-jAgRti' mAsika patrikA, me 2011) paraMparene 'Astika' mAnalelyA bhAratIya darzanAMnI jyApramANe karmasiddhAMta ANi punarjanma yA saMkalpanA mAMDalyA Aheta, tyAcapramANe nAstika' samajalelyA jaina darzanAnehI yA saMkalpanA sarvasvI mAnya kelyA Aheta. jagat athavA vizva anAdi-anaMta mAnalyAmuLe ANi sRSTiniyAmaka IzvarAce astitva nAkAralyAmuLe karmasiddhAMta ANi punarjanmAlA jaina darzanAta ananyasAdhAraNa mahattva lAbhale. jIva (soul) ANi ajIva (matter) azI dona svataMtra tattve mAnalI tarI karmAMnA pudgala kiMvA paramANurUpa mAnUna jainAMnI 'kaSAya' ANi 'lezyA' yAMcyA madatIne tyAMcyAtIla anAdi saMparka mAnya kelA. sattAzAstrIya dRSTIne jIva (individual soul) he eka guNa-paryAyAtmaka dravya Ahe. pudgalamaya karma hehI guNaparyAyAtmaka dravya Ahe. yAMcyA saMparkAmuLe jIvAlA miLaNAr2yA vividha gatIMmadhIla zarIre he jIvAce jaNU paryAyaca Aheta. janma-maraNAce avyAhata cAlU asalele cakra he 'punarjanmA'ceca cakra Ahe. jaina darzanAta zarIrAMce pAca prakAra sAMgitale Aheta. zarIra he jIvAce kriyA karaNyAce sAdhana Ahe. audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa ANi kArmaNa azI pAca prakAracI zarIre ekUNa asatAta. tyApaikI taijasa ANi kArmaNa hI zarIre jIvasRSTItIla pratyeka jIvAzI avinAbhAvAne saMbaddha Aheta. tyAtahI kArmaNa' zarIra he vAraMvAra janma gheNyAsa kAraNa TharaNAre mUlabhUta zarIra Ahe. te atyaMta sUkSma Ahe. pUrvakRta karmAMcA bhoga (vipAka) ANi navIna karmabaMdhaMce arjana - hI ghaTanA pratyeka jIvAta satata ghaData asate. 'uttarAdhyayana' yA graMthAta mhaTalyApramANe rAga (AsaktI) ANi dveSa he sarva karmAMce bIja Ahe. ___ApalI gati, jAti, liMga, gotra ANi sarva zArIrika-mAnasika vaiziSTye pUrvakRta karmAnusAraca Tharata asatAta. anAdi kALApAsUna ekeMdriya te paMceMdriya sRSTIta bhramaNa karaNArA jIva karmAMcA pUrNa kSaya kareparyaMta satata navanave janmadhAraNa karItaca rahAto. karmAMce cakra he punarjanmAMceca cakra Ahe. jagAtIla pratyeka jIva azA prakAre itara anaMta jIvAMcya saMparkAta anekadA yeUna gelelA Ahe. jaina darzanAcyA dRSTIne anaMta punarjanma 'kavikalpanA' nasUna vastusthitI ahe. punarjanmAcyA vastusthitIlA purAvA Ahe kA ? arthAtaca Ahe. jaina darzanAnusAra jJAna pAca prakArace Ahe. matizruta-avadhi-mana:paryAya ANi kevala. tyApaikI matijJAna' he iMdriye va manAcyA sahAyyAne hoNAre jJAna Ahe. garbhajanmo janmaNAr2yA, paMceMdriya saMjJI (manasahita) jIvAlA viziSTa paristhitIta 'jAtismaraNa' nAvAce jJAna hoU zakate. lezyA, adhyavasAya ANi pariNAma yAMcyA vizuddhImuLe, matijJAnAlA AvRta karaNAr2yA karmAMcA kSayopazama jhAlyAsa jAtismaraNa' arthAt pUrvajanmAce smaraNa hote. mAnavAMnA tara te hoU zakateca paNa pazupakSyAMnAhI hoU zakate. pUrvajanma-punamAMcA hA vyaktiniSTha purAvA Ahe. ____ bauddha dharmAtIla 'jAtakakathA' yA dekhIla azAca prakAracyA pUrvajanmAvara AdhArita vRttAMtaAhe. jaina sAhityAtIla zekaDo kathAMpaikI pannAsa TakkyAMhUna adhika kathAMmadhe pUrvajanma-punarjanmAMce kathana asate. pAtaMjala yogasUtrAtIla.39 (aparigrahasthairye janmakathAnta: saMbodha:) ANi 3.18 (saMskArasAkSAtkaraNAtpUrvajAtijJAnam) yA sUtrAMmadhe jAtismaraNace ullekha Aheta. ____ jaina adhyAtmAta, AdhyAtmika vikAsAcyA 14 pAyar2yA (zreNI) Aheta. tyAMnA 'guNasthAna' mhaNatAta. tyApaikI 4 thyA pAyarIvarIla va tyApuDhe pragatI kelelyA jIvAMnA pUrvajanmAMce smaraNa' khAtrIne hota asate. 'avadhi' ANi 'kevala' jJAnAcyA dhAraka vyaktI ApalI ekAgratA keMdrita karUna itara vyaktIMce pUrvajanma va punarjanma jANU zakatAta. azA prakAre punarjanmAcI siddhI dusar2yAkaDUnahI hoU zakate. pratyeka gatIta (deva-manuSya-naraka-tiryaMca) ANi jAtIta (ekeMdriya te paMceMdriya) janmalelyA jIvAcI kAyasthitI

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ANi bhavasthitI yAMce savistara varNana tattvArthasUtrAta yete. sArAMza kAya ? tara jaina darzanAcA pUrvajanma - punarjanmAvara 100 Takke vizvAsa Ahe. tyAlA tyAMnI sattAzAstrIya ANi jJAnazAstrIya AdhAra dilA Ahe. karmasiddhAMtAcyA vistRta ANi sUkSma mAMDaNIta hI saMkalpanA kauzalyAne guMphalI Ahe. adhyAtmAcyA dRSTInehI punarjanmAcI upapattI lAvalI Ahe. samagra jaina kathAvAGmaya va caritre pUrvajanmapunarjanmAne bharalelI Aheta. Adhunika mAnasazAstrIya saMzodhakahI punarjanmAcI siddhI karaNyAcA prayatna karatAnA disatAta. mAtra viziSTa 'case-study ' punarjanma sucavIta asalA tarI vyApaka sArvatrika siddhAMtAta ajUna tarI tyAce rUpAMtara jhAlele disata nAhI.

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5. mahAvIrAMcyA dRSTIne 'vIra' koNa ? (mahAvIrajayaMtI vizeSAMka, dainika 'prabhAta', eprila 2009) jaina dharmAce 24 ve tIrthaMkara bha. mahAvIra' yAMcI aitihAsikatA nirvivAdapaNe dRDhamUla jhAlI Ahe. isavI sana pUrva 599 madhye 'magadha' (athavA matAMtarAne 'videha') janapadAtIla 'kSatriyakuMDa' gaNarAjyAta 'jJAtR' kuLAtIla rAjA 'siddhArtha' va 'trizalAdevI' yAMcyA poTI 'caitra zuddha trayAdazIcyA madhyarAtrI bha. mahAvIrAMcA janma jhAlA. yA tejasvI bAlakAce nAva 'vardhamAna' ase Thevale. tyAMnA 'mahAvIra' he vizeSaNa kA lAvale gele yAviSayI tyAMcyA bAlapaNAtIla zaurya va dhADasAcyA kathA paraMparene noMdavilelyA Aheta. vardhamAna bAlapaNApAsUnaca jJAna-pratibhAsaMpanna, ekAMtapriya va ciMtanazIla hote. vayAcyA 28 vyA varSI, mAtApityAMcyA mRtyUnaMtara Apale jeSTha baMdhU naMdivardhana yAMcyA anumatI yAMnI sAdhujIvanAcI tayArI surU kelI. tyAnaMtara tyAMnI eka varSabhara dIna-du:khI-garajU lokAMnA vipula dAne dilI. vayAcyA tisAvyA varSI 'mArgazIrSa kRSNa dazamIlA' tyAMnI 'dIkSA ghetalI. tyAnaMtara sADe bArA varSe tyAMnI kaThora tapasyA kelI. 'vaizAkha zuddha dazamIlA' tyAMnA kevalajJAna' prApta jhAle. bodhIcI caramAvasthA prApta kelyAvara tyAMnI vihAra karata dharmopadeza deNyAsa AraMbha kelA. tyAMcyA vayAcyA 72 vyA varSAparyaMta arthAt 'azvina kRSNa amAvasyecyA' madhyarAtrIparyaMta tyAMnI prANimAtrAMcyA kalyANAsAThI niraMtara upadeza kelA. jaina loka divALIcyA rAtra dIpa prajvalana karUna tyAMcA nirvANotsava sAjarA karatAta. bha. mahAvIrAMnI 'ardhamAgadhI' yA lokabhASeta kelele upadeza tyAMcyA ziSyAMnI saMkalita kele. te sumAre 1000 varSe maukhika paraMparene jatana kele gele. tyAnaMtara mhaNaje isavI sanAcyA pAcavyA zatakAta te gujarAtamadhIla 'valabhI' yethe jhAlelyA zvetAMbara sAdhu pariSadeta graMthArUDha karaNyAta Ale. Aja ApalyAsamora asalele akarA 'aMga' graMtha 'mahAvIravANI' yA nAvAne oLakhale jAtAta. pahilA aMgagraMtha AcArAMga' nAvAne suprasiddha Ahe. prAkRta bhASAtajJAMnI yA graMthAcA pahilA vibhAga ardhamAgadhI bhASecA sarvAta prAcIna namunA mhaNUna svIkArArha mAnalA Ahe. yA graMthAcA abhyAsa karIta asatAnA tyAtIla 'vIra' ANi 'mahAvIra' yA zabdAMkaDe mAjhe lakSa vedhale gele. bha. mahAvIra svata: 'vIra' zabda koNakoNatyA saMdarbhAta vAparatata yAcI utsukatA lAgUna rAhilI. tyAMce tadviSayaka vicAra yA lekhAta mAMDale Aheta. AcArAMgAcI bhASAzailI upaniSadAMzI atizaya miLatIjuLatI Ahe. mahAvIrAMcyA upadezAcA kALa hA vaidika paraMparetIla upaniSatkALAzI nikaTatA rAkhaNArA asalyAne, hI goSTa naisargikaca Ahe. ___'vIra' hA zabda vAcyArthAne raNAMgaNAvara parAkrama gAjaviNAr2yA yoddhyAcA vAcaka Ahe. AcArAMgAta mAtra to medhAvI, vivekI munIsAThI upayojita karaNyAta AlA Ahe. 'zastraparijJA' ANi 'lokavijaya' yA zIrSakAMcyA adhyayanAMmadhye tyAMnI yA zabdAcA jAstIta jAsta upayoga kelA Ahe. arthAtaca hA 'AdhyAtmika vijaya' Ahe, raNAMgaNAvarIla vijaya navhe. atyucca AtmakalyANa' he dhyeya, uddiSTa Ahe. 'ahiMsece pAlana' hA tyAcA mArga Ahe. te mhaNatAta, 'paNayA vIrA mahAvIhiM' - arthAt vIrapuruSa yA mahApathAlA samarpita Aheta (jasA yoddhA dhyeyapUrtIsAThI samarpita asato tase). ase vIra 'parAkramI' Aheta. te sAdhanetIla aDathaLe, vighne yAvara mAta karatAta. bAhya, dRSya zatrUvara hallA karUna tyAMnA nestanAbUda karaNArA hA parAkrama navhe. hA tara saMyamAcA parAkrama' Ahe. AjUbAjUcyA trasa (hAlacAla karU zakaNAr2yA) jIvAMnA tara hA vIra japatoca paNa pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu va vanaspatI yA ekeMdriya jIvasRSTIviSayIhI hA jAgRta, apramatta asato. paryAvaraNAcyA sarva ghaTakAMce hA prANapaNAne rakSaNa karato. bhojana karatAnA, vastre paridhAna karatAnA, mArgakramaNa karatAnA taseca mala-mUtra visarjana karatAnA hA AjUbAjUcyA koNatyAhI sthUla-sUkSma jIvAlA ijA pohocaNAra nAhI yAcI dakSatA gheto. hIca 'zasvaparijJA' arthAt 'viveka' Ahe sAmAnya vIra he zabUMnA baMdI banavitAta, tyAta bhUSaNa mAnatAta. he AdhyAtmika 'vIra' ApalyA upadezAne

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aneka prANimAtrAMnA baMdhanAMpAsUna mukta karatAta. bha. mahAvIra mhaNatAta, 'NAratiM sahate vIre, vIre No sahate ratiM' arthAt he vIrapuruSa saMyama sAdhanetIla svata:cI 'arati' ANi asaMyamAtIla 'rati' donhIhI sahana karata nAhIta. mAdhyasthavRtti dhAraNa karatAta. __ atyaMta mojakA, nIrasa ANi rukSa AhAra te svIkAratAta. svata: anna zijavIta nAhIta. itarAMnI tyAMcyAsAThI banavalelyA AhArAtIla agadI mojakI bhikSA jIvananirvAhApuratI grahaNa karatAta. vIrAce lakSaNa sAMgatAnA bha. mahAvIra mhaNatAta, 'jAgara-verovarae vIre' arthAt hA vIra sadaiva ahiMseviSayI jAgRta ANi vairabhAvApAsUna dUra asato. medhAvI, nizcayI va vivekI sAdhaka 'Atmagupta' asato mhaNajeca kuzala senApatIpramANe svata:lA zAbUta TheUna dhyeya gAThaNyAcA prayatna karato. svata:cyA manAta DokAvaNAr2yA krodha, ahaMkAra, kapaTa, lobha yA bhAvanavara mAta karato. hA vIra kSetrajJa' asato mhaNajeca raNAMgaNAcA jANakAra ANi raNanItIta kuzala asato. bhagavadgItetahI kSetrakSetrajJa adhyAyAta zarIrAlA 'kSetra' ANi AtmyAlA kSetrajJa' mhaTale Ahe. AcArAMgAta 'vIrya' ANi 'parAkrama' he zabda vAraMvAra upayojile Aheta. hA parAkrama arthAtaca saMyamAta ANi AtmavijayAta daDalelA Ahe. 'mahAvIrA vipparakkamaMti' azI zabdayojanAhI ADhaLUna yete. sAdhanecA mArga kitIhI khaDatara asalA tarI te vIra manAcI prasannatA ghAlavIta nAhIta. khinna, vimanaska hota nAhIta. atyaMta mahattvAcI goSTa mhaNaje AdhyAtmika sAdhakAcI vATacAla 'ekaTyAne karAvayAcI mArgakramaNA' Ahe. yethI4 manubhUtI pratyeAvI svataMtra svataMtra mATe. hA sAmudrAyika mA nAhI. ma. mahAvIra sphaLatAta durayvaro mayAdhIrA aNiyaTTagAmINaM' - arthAt yethe koNI sobatI nAhI ANi kharA vIra mArgAvarUna punhA phirata nAhI. AcArAMga graMthAtIla zevaTace adhyayana 'upadhAnazruta' mhaNUna prasiddha Ahe. bha. mahAvIrAMcyA upadezAMcA saMgraha karaNAr2yA prabhAvI AcAryAMnI te lihile asAve. tyAMnI sAMgitalelI 'vIrAcI lakSaNe' tyAMcyA caritrAtUna kazI disamta te sAMgUna akherIsa mhaTale Ahe - 'sUro saMgAmasIse vA, saMvuDe tattha se mahAvIre / paDisevamANe pharusAI, acale bhagavaM rIitthA / / ' pratikSaNI ahiMsece pAlana karaNyAta dakSa asalele he tIrthaMkara gelI 2600 varSe mahAvIra' mhaNUna prasiddha Aheta. tyAMnI sAMgitalelI AdhyAtmika parAkramAcI lakSaNe tyAMnI svata: taMtotaMta pALalI mhaNUna tara tyAMcyAca zabta sAMgAyace tara, 'esa vIre pasaMsie' arthAt yA vIrAcI evaDhI prazaMsA jhAlI !!! **********

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6. mahAvIravANItUna bheTalele mahAvIra ( svAdhyAya zibira, mahAvIra pratiSThAna, puNe, vizeSa: jaina dharmAce 24 ve tIrthaMkara 'bha. mahAvIra' yAMcI aitihAsikatA nirvivAdapaNe dRDhamUla jhAlI Ahe. isavI sana pUrva 599 madhye 'magadha' (athavA matAMtarAne 'videha' ) janapadAtIla 'kSatriyakuMDa' gaNarAjyAta 'jJAtR' kuLAtIla rAjA 'siddhArtha' va 'trizalAdevI' yAMcyA poTI 'caitra zuddha trayAdazIcyA' madhyarAtrI bha. mahAvIrAMcA janma jhAlA. yA tejasvI bAlakAce nAva 'vardhamAna' ase Thevale. tyAMnA 'mahAvIra' he vizeSaNa kA lAvale gele yAviSayI tyAMcyA bAlapaNAtIla zaurya va dhADasAcyA kathA paraMparene noMdavilelyA Aheta. vardhamAna bAlapaNApAsUnaca jJAna- pratibhAsaMpanna, ekAMtapriya ciMtanazIla hote. vayAcyA 28 vyA varSI, mAtApityAMcyA mRtyUnaMtara Apale jeSTha baMdhU naMdivardhana yAMcyA anumatInetyAMnI sAdhujIvanAcI tayArI surU kelI. tyAnaMtara tyAMnI eka varSabhara dIna-duHkhI - garajU lokAMnA vipula dAne dilI. vayAcyA tisAvyA varSI 'mArgazIrSa kRSNa dazamIlA' tyAMnI 'dIkSA' ghetalI. tyAnaMtara sADe bArA varSe tyAMnI kaThora tapasyA kelI. 'vaizAkha zuddha dazamIlA' tyAMnA 'kevalajJAna' prApta jhAle. bodhIcI caramAvasthA prApta kelyAvara tyAMnI vihAra karata dharmopadeza deNyAsa AraMbha kelA. tyAMcyA vayAcyA 72 vyA varSAparyaMta arthAt 'azvina kRSNa amAvasyecyA' madhyarAtrIparyaMta tyAMnI prANimAtrAMcyA kalyANAsAThI niraMtara upadeza kelA. jaina loka divALIcyA rAtrI dIpa prajvalana karUna tyAMcA nirvANotsava sAjarA karatAta. vyAkhyAna, me 2011) bha. mahAvIrAMnI 'ardhamAgadhI' yA lokabhASeta kelele upadeza tyAMcyA ziSyAMnI saMkalita kele. te sumAre 1000 varSe maukhika paraMparene jatana kele gele. tyAnaMtara mhaNaje isavI sanAcyA pAcavyA zatakAta te gujarAtamadhIla 'valabhI' yethe jhAlelyA zvetAMbara sAdhu pariSadeta graMthArUDha karaNyAta Ale. Aja ApalyAsamora asalele akarA 'aMga' graMtha 'mahAvIravANI' yA nAvAne oLakhale jAtAta. 'AcArAMgasUtra' hA ardhamAgadhI bhASetIla sarvAta prAcIna va pahilA aMgagraMtha Ahe. yAcI bhASA gadyapadyamaya Ahe. upaniSadAMcyA zailIzI miLatIjuLatyA azA sUtramaya, tattvaciMtanAtmaka vicArAMnI hA graMtha purepUra bharalA Ahe. khera tara 'AcArAMga' mhaNaNyApekSA 'vicArAMga' zIrSakaca tyAlA zobhUna disela. gRhasthAvasthecA tyAga karUna, AdhyAtmika unnatIce dhyeya ahiMsecyA AdhAre pratyakSAta utaraviNAr2yA prabuddha, vivekI sAdhakAce ciMtanonmeSa va udgAra yA graMthAta zabdabaddha kelele Aheta. 'natthi kAlassa NAgamo / ' 'savvesiM jIviyaM piyaM' athavA 'suttA amuNI, sayA muNo jAgaraMti' azA sopyA, choTyA vAkyAMnA mahAvIrAMcyA vANIcA 'paratattvasparza' jhAlyAne, te AdhyAtmikAMsAThIdIpastaMbha Tharale Aheta. saMpUrNa ahiMsA pratyakSAta ANaNyAsAThI pratyeka hAlacAla, vyavahAra, annagrahaNa, vastragrahaNa, malamUtravisarjana, tapasyA, titikSA kazI karAvI tyAce he 'praeNkTikala gAiDabuka' Ahe. gUDhagahana siddhAMta, avaghaDa tattvacarcA, vizkapattIcI mImAMsA, jJAnAcI mImAMsA yAMnA sthAna na detA jIvana jagaNyAcyA dhyeyapradhAna zailIvara bhara dilelA asato. 'sUtrakRtAMga' yA graMthAta mahAvIrAMcyA jIvanAcA vegaLAca pailU disato. sva-siddhAnta ANi para-siddhAnta yAta noMdavale Ahe. niyativAda, ajJAnavAda, jagatkartRtvavAda, lokavAda yAMcyA siddhAMtAMce maMDana va nirasana Ahe. paMcAkhAdI, SaSThabhUtavAdI, advaitavAdI azA vividha matAMcI noMda Ahe. svataHcyA siddhAntAMce nITa maMDanahI kele Ahe. khaMDana karatAnA kalaha, vitaMDavAda, kaThoratA, upahAsa yA zastrAMcA vApara kelelA nAhI. anekAntavAdI dRSTI ThevUna svata:ce siddhAMta ThAmapaNe mAMDale Aheta. 'ArdrakIya' ANi 'nAlandIya' adhyayanAta Alele saMvAda tyA kALacyA dArzanika vicArapravAhAMvara cAMgalAca prakAza TAkaNAre Aheta. sUtrakRtAMgAcI jamecI bAjU hIca Ahe. 'sthAnAMga' ANi 'samavAyAMga' hyA graMthAtUna mahAvIrAMcyA pratibhecA ANakhI vegaLA pailU disato. he graMtha kozavajA Aheta. 'eka saMkhyA asalelyA goSTI' sthAnAMgAcyA pahilyA adhyayanAta, 'dona saMkhyAyukta' dusar2yA adhyayata yApramANe dahA adhyayanAMcI racanA Ahe. tyA kALacI dahA Azcarye, dIkSA gheNyAcI dahA kAraNe, dahA mahAnadyA, dahA

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prakhyAta nagarIMcI nAve azA sAMskRtika, aitihAsika va bhaugolika goSTIMcI noMda yAta Ahe. dahAcyA puDhIla vividha saMkhyAMcA vicAra samavAyAMgAta kelA Ahe. 24 tIrthaMkarAMcI nAve, 18 prakAracyA lipIMcI nAve, 64 va 72 kalAMcI (vidyAMcI) nAve ANi jaina dharmAsaMbaMdhIcI mahattvapUrNa mAhitI yAtana miLate. cALIsa pradIrgha prakaraNAMnI banalelA vyAkhyAprajJapti' kiMvA 'bhagavatI' hA graMtha aitihAsika dRSTIne phAra mahattvAcA mAnalA jAto. hA graMtha aneka saMvAda ANi praznottarAMnI naTalelA Ahe. gautama gaNadhara ANi bha. mahAvIra yAMcI siddhAMtaviSayaka carcA khUpaca udbodhaka Ahe. mahAvIrAMcyA pUrvIcA pArzvanAthapraNIta nigraMtha dharma kazA svarUpAcA homate yAtUnaca samajate. mahAvIrAMcyA aneka varSAvAsAMcI (cAturmAsAMcI) hakIgata yAta noMdavalI Ahe. mahAvIra va tyAMcA virodhaka ziSya 'gozAlaka' yAMcI anokhI bhramaNagAthA yAtUnaca ulagaData jAte. aMga, vaMga, malaya, lADha, vatsa, kAzI, kozala i. 16 janapadAMcA ullekha prAcIna bhAratAcyA rAjakIya itihAsAcyA dRSTIne mahattvapUrNa Ahe. mahAbhArata jase aneka saMskaraNe hota hota vADhata gele tasA hA graMtha uttaravartI kALAta bhara paData paData bRhatkAya jhAlA asAvA. mahAvIrAMcyA samakAlIna itihAsAvara prakAzajhota TAkaNArA hA graMtha jainavidyecyA abhyAsakAMnI khUpa prazaMsilA Ahe. 'jJAtRdharmakathA' graMthAcyA pUrvabhAgAta mahAvIrAMnI sAMgitalele pratIkAtmaka dRSTAnta ANi dIrghakathA tyAMcyA vihArakALAtIla lokAbhimukhatekaDe Apale lakSa vedhUna ghetAta. hA graMtha nakkIca janasAmAnyAMsAThI Ahe. ATha prakAcyA karmAMcA siddhAMta bhopaLyAlA dilelyA ATha lepAMcyA dRSTAMtAtUna mAMDalA Ahe. pratyekI pAca akSatA deUna cAsunAMcI parIkSA gheNyAcI kathA, vAD.mayIna dRSTyA sarasa va raMjaka tara Aheca paraMtu akherIsa 'pAca mahAvratAMce sAdhUne kasepAlana karAve' asA bodhahI dilA Ahe. 'draupadIne pAca patIMnA kA varale ?' he spaSTa karaNyAsAThI ticyA tIna pUrvajamAMcA sAMgitalelA vRttAMta ekA vegaLyA adbhuta vizvAta gheUna jAto. 'mallI' nAvAcyA adhyayanAta tIrthaMkarapada prApta keleyA suMdara, buddhimAna va vairAgyasaMpanna strIcI apratima kathA raMgavilI Ahe. tetalIputra nAvAcA maMtrI ANi sonArAcI kanyA 'poTTilA' yAMcyA vivAhAcI, vituSTAcI ANi poTTilecyA AdhyAtmika pragatIcI kathA azIca manoraMjaka Ahe. tattvaciMtaka mahAvIrAMce he goSTIvelhALa rUpa nakkIca stimita karaNAre Ahe. sAdhudharma kitIhI Adarza asalA tarI sAmAnya gRhasthAMnA kaThora saMyamapAlana zakya nasalyAne mahAvIrAMnI tyAMcyAsAThI upAsakadharma, zrAvakadharma athavA gRhasthadharmahI samajAvUna sAMgitalA. 'AnaMda' nAvAcyA zrAvakAne zrAvakaveta gheUna ApalA parigraha va AsaktI kazI kramAkramAne kamI kelI tyAcA vRttAMta pahilyA adhyayanAta vistArAne yeto vegavegaLyA sAmAjika starAtIla strIpuruSAMcyA yA hakigatI tatkAlIna samAjajIvanAvara prakAza TAkatAta. sarvasAmAnyAMma jhepela azA dhArmika AcaraNAcA upadeza deNAre vegaLeca mahAvIrAMce darzana 'upAsakadazA' nAvAcyA yA graMthAtUna hote 'aMtagaDadazAsUtra' hyA graMthAce paryuSaNakALAta vAcana karaNyAcA paripATha Ahe. yAtIla arjunamALI ANi bandhumatI yAMcI kathA atizaya rocaka Ahe. mahAbhAratAtIla kAhI pramukha vyaktirekhAMcI hakigata yA graMthAta yete. kRNa, vAsudeva, devakI, ariSTanemI, dvIpAyana RSi, dvArakecA vinAza azA anekavidha kathA yAta yetAta. striyAMnI kelelyA kaThora tapazcaryAMcI varNane AzcaryakAraka Aheta. "anuttaropapAtikadazA" yA graMthAce svarUpahI sAmAnyata: asecaAhe. 'praznavyAkaraNa' graMthAta prazna va tyAMcI uttare asAvIta. Aja upalabdha asalelyA praznavyAkaraNAce svarUpa mAtra pUrNa saiddhAMtika Ahe. ___ vipAkazruta' graMthAta cAMgalyA karmAMce supariNAma ANi vAITa karmAMce duSpariNAma kathAMcyA mAdhyamAtUna sAMgitela Aheta. 'dRSTivAda' nAvAcyA bArAvyA aMgagraMthAcA lopa jhAlA ase jaina paraMparA sAMgate. bha. mahAvIrAMnI tyAMcyA nirvANApUrvI satata tIna divasa jyAce kathana kele to graMtha 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra' nAvAne oLakhalA jAto. gItA, dhammapada, bAyabala, kurANa athavA gurugraMthasAhebAce tyA tyA dharmAta je AdaraNIya sthAna Ahe teca sthAna zvetAMbara jaina paraMpareta uttarAdhyayanasUtrAce Ahe. yAta tattvajJAna, jagat-mImAMsA, karmavijJAna, jJAnamImAMsA, kathA, saMvAda, AcaraNAce niyama i. aneka goSTIMcA samAveza Ahe. zramaNaparaMparecI aneka vaiziSTye yA graMthAtUna phraTa hotAta.

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vara varNana kelelyA graMthAMcA sAmagyAne, ekatrita vicAra kelA tara mahAvIrAMcyA vyaktimatvAce aneka AyAma tyAtUna prakaTa hotAta. AcArAMgAtUna zuddha tattvaciMtaka mahAvIra prakaTatAta. sUtrakRtAMgAta te vividha dArzanika vicapravAhAMcyA khaMDanamaMDanAta magna disatAta. sthAnAMga-samavAyAMgAta tyAMcI kozaviSayaka pratibhA prakaTa hote. vyAkhyAprajJaptItUna te aneka samakAlIna aitihAsika tathyAMvara prakAza TAkatAta. jJAtAsUtrAtUna tyAMcyA kathA va dRSTAntaracanece kauzalya phraTa hote. upAsakadazeta te gRhasthopayogI dhArmika AcAra sAMgatAta. vipAkazruta graMthAtUna te karmasiddhAntAce vyAvaharika pariNAma darzavitAta tara 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra' tyAMcyA bahumukhI pratibhecA kaLasAdhyAya Ahe. jaina paraMparA avatAravAdAvara vizvAsa Thevata nAhI. bha. mahAvIra kAhI punhA avataraNAra nAhIta paNa mahAvIravANItUna ApaNa ApApalyA kuvatInusAra tyAMcyA vyaktimatvAcA puna:puna: vedha mAtra gheU zakato. **********

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7. jaina sAhityAcI saMkSipta oLakha (mahAvIrajayaMtI vizeSAMka dainika 'prabhAta', eprila 2011) isavI sana pUrva pAcavyA zatakApAsUna, isavI sanAcyA 15-16 vyA zatakAparyaMta jaina AcAryAMnI, jaina dharmAcyA anuSaMgAne, vividha bhAratIya bhASAMmadhye ANi vividha vAGmayaprakArAMmadhye pracaMDa sAhityAcI nirmitI kelelI diseta bha. mahAvIrAMce prAraMbhika upadeza 'ardhamAgadhI' bhASeta nibaddha Aheta. zvetAMbara paraMparene mahAvIra-nirvANAnaMtara sumAre 200 varSe he upadeza maukhika paraMparene japale. tyAnaMtara te likhita svarUpAta ANale. lipibaddha kele, graMthArUDha kele. yapradIrgha kAlAvadhIta tyA upadezAta thoDI-thoDI bhASika parivartane yeta gelI. navanavIna graMthakArAMnI ApalyA racanA tyAta sAviSTa kelyA. i.sa.500 naMtara he bhara paDaNyAce kAma thAMbale. ardhamAgadhI bhASetIla 45 graMtha 'mahAvIravANI' nAvAne saMboko jAU lAgale. zvetAMbara paraMparetIla sthAnakavAsI' saMpradAya yApaikI 32 graMthAMnAca 'mahAvIravANI' mAnato. __ digaMbara paraMparene Apale sarva prAraMbhika lekhana zaurasenI' nAvAcyA prAkRta bhASetUna prathamapAsUnaca likhita svarUpAta ANale. zaurasenI bhASetIla sumAre 15 prAcIna graMthAMnA digaMbara-paraMparA 'AmnAya' agara 'Agama' mhaNUna saMbodhate. tyAtIla viSaya mukhyata: saiddhAMtika, tattvajJAnAtmaka, AdhyAtmika ANi AcArapradhAna Aheta. 'zaurasenI' bhASecyA pAThopATha digaMbarAMce sAhitya prAmukhyAne saMskRta bhASeta lihilele disate. mULa graMthAMvarIla TIkA, tattvajJAnanyAya, carita (caritra), purANa, campUkAvya, gaNita - ase vividhAMgI sAhitya jainAMnI abhijAta saMskRtAta racale. AThavyA-navavyA zatakApAsUna digaMbarAMnI 'apabhraMza' nAvAcyA samakAlIna prAkRta bhASeta carite, purANe, dohe yAMcI racanA kelI. zvetAMbara AcArya isavI sanAcyA cauthyA zatakApAsUna 'mahArASTrI' nAvAcyA prAkRta bhASemadhye graMtharacanA karU lAgale. jaina paddhatIne lihilele pahile rAmAyaNa 'paumacariya' yAca bhASeta Ahe. carite-mahAkAvye-khaNDakAvye yAbaroblama zvetAMbarAMnI phAra moThyA pramANAvara upadezapradhAna kathAgraMthAMcI racanA kelI. hI 'mahArASTrI' bhASA jainetarAMnIlihilelyA mahArASTrIpekSA vegaLI ANi ardhamAgadhI bhASene prabhAvita azI Ahe. madhUnamadhUna zaurasenI bhASecI jhalakahI tyAta disate. jainAMcyA mahArASTrI bhASelA, bhASAvid 'jaina mahArASTrI' ase nAmAbhidhAna detAta. koNatyAhI bhAratIyayaktIlA AkRSTa karIla ase anupameya kathAMce bhAMDAra Aja jaina mahArASTrI' yA prAkRta bhASeta upalabdha Ahe. sva. durgalAI bhAgavata yAMnI jyApramANe pAli bhASetIla 'jAtakakathA' marAThIta prathama ANalyA, tyApramANe ardhamAgadhI ANi mahArASTrI bhASetIla jaina kathA marAThIta ANaNyAcA mahattvAkAMkSI prakalpa 'jaina adhyAsana' ANi 'sanmati-tIrtha' saMsthA yAMcyA sahayogAne sadhyA cAlU Ahe. pAca khaMDa prakAzita jhAle Aheta. __16-17 vyA zatakAnaMtara AjapAveto jainAMnI, vizeSata: digaMbara jainAMnI marAThIta lihilelyA graMthAMcI saMkhyAhI vizeSa lakSaNIya Ahe. Adhunika kannaDa bhASetIla sAhityAlA jaina kavIMnI AraMbhIcyA kALAta molAce yogadAna kele Adhunika gujarAtI bhASetIla prAraMbhIcyA graMtharacanetahI zvetAMbara jaina AcAryAMcA molAcA vATA Ahe, ase ADhaLUyete. sArAMza kAya ? - tara saMkhyene alpa asalelyA jaina sAhityikAMnI saMskRtabarobaraca vividha prAkRta bolIbhASAtUna graMtharacanA karUna bhAratIya sAhityAlA Apale mahattvAce yogadAna dile. 'AcArAMga' nAvAcyA graMthAcI zailI upaniSadamyA bhASezI javaLIka sAdhate - tIhI bolIbhASetUna ! 'RSibhASita' yA ardhamAgadhI graMthAta brAhmaNa, bauddha ANi jaina azA ekUNa 45 RSIMce vicAradhana saMkalita kelele Ahe. uttarAdhyayana' hA jaina graMtha ANi bauddhAMce 'dhammapada' yAta vilakSA sAmya Ahe. 'jJAtAdharmakathA' graMthAtIla kathA va dRSTAMta ekAhUna eka sarasa Aheta. 'tattvArthasUtra' hA graMtha saMskRtsUtrAMmadhye nibaddha asA anupameya dArzanika graMtha Ahe. 'SaTkhaMDAgama' hA Adya digaMbara graMtha 'karmasiddhAMta' ANi 'AdhyAtmika vikAsAcyA zreNI' yA viSayAMnA vAhilelA Ahe. 'gommaTasAra' yA digaMbara graMthAta jIvasRSTIcA sUkSma vicAra grathita kelA Ahe. mahAvIrAcAryAMcA 'gaNitasAra' graMtha zAstrIya graMthanirmitItalA mukuTamaNI Ahe. haribhadrAMce prAkRta bhASetIla 'dhUrtAkhyAna'-vyaMga-upahAsAcA ajoDa namunA Ahe. 'vasudevahiMDI' he bolIbhASetale pahile kathApradhAna pravAsavarNana

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Ahe. bha. mahAvIrAMcyA 2610 vyA jayaMtInimitta tyAMnA vAhilelI hI kRtajJatecI sAhityika bhAvAMjalI !! jaya jineMdra

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8. prAkRta mhaNaje kAya ? jainAMnI prAkRta kA zikAve ? (tIrthaMkara' mAsika patrikA, muMbaI, julai 2006) saMpUrNa jagAta sumAre 2000 bhASA bolalyA jAtAta. vidvAnAMnI tyA bhASAMce vegavegaLe 12 gaTa kele Aheta. tyApaikI ekA gaTAlA bhAropIya (iMDo-yuropiyana) bhASAgaTa ase mhaTale jAte. saMskRta, prAkRta ANi pAlIyA bhASA yA parivArAta yetAta. "prAkRta' hI kAhI pAlIsArakhI eka, ekajinasI bhASA nAhI. i.sa.pU. 500 pAsUna i.sa. 1200 paryaMtacyA pradIrgha kALAta bhAratAta jyA vividha bolIbhASA bolalyA jAta hotyA, tyA sarva "prAkRta' nAvAcyA aMtarga yetAta. "saMskRta' hI bhASA vedakALApAsUna javaLajavaLa 17 vyA zatakAparyaMta sarva bhAratIyAMcI jJAnabhASA hotI. sarva prakAracyA kalA va vidyAMce zikSaNa gurukula paddhatIne saMskRta bhASecyA mAdhyamAtUna hota hote. dhArmika sAhitya, gIta, khagola, jyotiSa, nATyazAstra, vAstU va zilpazAstra, vaidyaka azA vividha jJAnazAkhAMce suprasiddha va utkRSTa zAstragraMtha saMskRta bhASetaca lihilele disUna yetAta. eka goSTa agadI kharI Ahe kI varNAzramavyavasthecA pagaDA bhAratIya samAjAvara asalyAne ANi hajAro varSAMcI puruSapradhAna saMskRtI yethe sarrAsa rULalelI asalyAne saMskRtamadhUna zikSaNa gheNe va saMskRtamadhUna lokavyavahAra karaNe he agadI AttAAttAparyaMta phakta uccavarNIyAMcI (tI suddhA puruSAMcI) maktedArI hotI. uccanIcatevara AdhArita jAtivyavastha bAMdhalelA bahujanasamAja va striyA, hI hajAro varSe kAya karIta hotyA ? te rojacyA vyavahArAta, bAjArAta, svayaMpAmarAta, sAmAjika jIvanAta koNatyA bhASecA vApara karIta hote ? yA praznAce uttara Ahe - 'vividha prAkRta bhASAMmadhye mhaNaje bolIbhASAMmadhye, mAtRbhASAMmadhye te bolata hote'. prAkRta bhASAMce vyAkaraNAce niyama jAcaka navhate. uccAraNAcyA bAbatIta zithilatA hotI. vegavegaLyA prAMtAtIla bhaugolika, sAmAjika paristhitInusAra vegavegaLI zabdasaMpattI (Vocabulary) hotI. pratyeka vyavasAyAnusArahI bhASAMmadhye pharaka hotA. kuMbhAra, lohAra, sutAra ase bArA balutedAra thoDI thoDI vegaLyA dhATaNIcI bolI bolata hota striyAMce svayaMpAkaghara, saNa, vAra, utsava ityAdI prasaMgI yA bhASAMcA vApara hota ase. vinoda karaNe, ekamekAMvara manApAsUnaprema karaNe ANi krodhAcyA bharAta apazabda i. uccAraNe, bhAMDaNe yA mAnavI manAtIla agadI mUlabhUta preraNA Aheta. tyAcyA prakaTIkaraNAsAThI atizaya susaMskRta azA saMskRta bhASecA vApara yA dezAtIla lokAMnI phAraca kamI pramANAta kelA disato. yA bhAvanAMnA prAkRtadvAreca vATa miLe. bhAratAtalyA sarva bolIbhASAMnA miLUna 'prAkRta' ase nAva asale tarI tI prAMtAnusAra, vyavasAyAnusAra vividha prakAracI hotI. yA prAkRta bolIbhASAca khar2yA arthAne sarva bhAratIyAMcyA mAtRbhASA' Aheta. yAMce zikSaNa AIpAsUna miLate. tyAMcA pagaDA kholavara asato. sahasA tyA visarata nAhIta. AraMbhIcyA kALAta, prAkRta bolIbhASAMmadhye lihiNyAcA praghAta navhatA. haLUhaLU tyAtahI pustakAMcI racanA hoU lAgalI. mAgadhI, ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI va apabhraMza yA prAkRta bhASAMmadhye prAmukhyAne graMtharacanA jhAlelI disate. ___bha. buddhAMnI dharmopadezAsAThI 'pAlI' bhASA nivaDalI. tice sAmya 'mAgadhI' bhASezI hote. bha. mahAvIrAMnI Apale sarva dharmopadeza 'ardhamAgadhI' nAvAcyA bhASetUna kele. ApalA dharma janasAmAnyAMparyaMta jAUna pohocAvA hI tyAmAgacI bhAvanA hotI. dharma hA AtmyAzI nigaDita asalyAne tyAMnA saMskRtacI maktedArI va purohitavargAcI madhyasthI moDU kADhAyacI hotI. ___ zvetAMbarIyAMce 45 kiMvA 32 dharmagraMtha ardhamAgadhI bhASeta Aheta. digaMbara jaina paMthIyAMce sarvAta pracIna dharmagraMtha 'zaurasenI' nAvAcyA prAkRtamadhye lihilele Aheta. haribhadra, hemacaMdra, jinezvara, municaMdra, deveMdra azA anekAnekavetAMbara

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jaina AcAryAMnI Apale dhArmika, laukika,kathApradhAna va upadezapradhAna graMtha 'jaina mahArASTrI' yA bhASetUna aneka zakke lihile Aheta. 'gAthAsaptazatI'sArakhe zRMgArika muktakAvya mahArASTrI prAkRtamadhIla sauMdaryAcA advitIya alaMkAra Ahe. digaMbara AcAryAMnI i.sa.cyA 10 vyA zatakApAsUna 15 vyA zatakAparyaMta aneka prakArace caritragraMtha 'apabhraMza' nAvAcyA bhASetUna lihile. hI apabhraMza bhASA pUrvIcyA prAkRta bhASAtUnaca haLUhaLU vikasita jhAlI hotI. Aja ApaNa aneka paradezI bhASA atizaya utsAhAne zikUna tyAta prAviNya miLavata Ahota. hI goSTa spRhaNIya va abhinaMdanIya Aheca. paraMtu tyAcabarobara pratyeka jaina mANasAne (khare tara ajaina mANasAnehI) prAkRta bhASAMcI toMDakakha karUna ghetalI pAhije. __gujarAthI, mAravADI, rAjasthAnI, paMjAbI, hiMdI, marAThI, baMgAlI, AsAmI i. AjacyA sarva bolIbhASA yAca prAkRtAtUna nighAlyA Aheta.

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9. jaina sAhityAtIla kathAbhAMDAra (bhASaNa, AkAzavANI puNe keMdra, jUna 2011) zroteho, ApalyA bhArata dezAta prAcIna kALApAsUna AttAparyaMta je je etaddezIya sAhitya arthAt vAGmaya nirmANa jhAlaM te tIna bhASAMmadhe lihilelaM disataM. tyA bhASA mhaNaje saMskRta, prAkRta ANi pAlI. vaidika paraMparece arthAt hiMdadharmAce graMtha prAmukhyAnaM saMskRtAta Aheta. bauddha dharmAcaM AraMbhIcaM sAhitya 'pAlI' bhASeta Ahe. naMtaracaM sAhitya saMskRtAta Ahe. bauddha dharma bhAratAbAhera pasaralyAvara tyA tyA prAMtAMmadhalyA prAdezika bhASAMta va lipIMmadhye bauddha sAhityAcaM lekhana jhAlaM. prAkRta' yA RgvedakALApAsUna Ama samAjAta pracalita asalelyA bolI bhASA Aheta. tyA prAMtAnusAra, lokAMcyA vyavasAyAnusAra vegavegaLyA hotyA. AraMbhI tyA kevaLa dainaMdina bolacAlIpuratyAca maryAdita hotyA. jhavI sanApUrvI 6 vyA zatakAta bha. mahAvIra ANi bha. gautama buddhAMnI ApApale dharmopadeza ardhamAgadhI ANi pAlI yA lokabhASAMmadhe dile. pahilyAMdA kAhI zatakaM te toMDI paraMparenaM pATha karUna japale gele. naMtara naMtara bolI bhaSAMcaM svarUpa badalata gelaM ANi smaraNazaktIhI kSINa hoU lAgalI. pariNAmI isavI sanAcyA pahilyA zatakAnaMtara prAkRta sAhitya graMthabaddha hoU lAgalaM. dhArmika graMthAMkherIja laukika graMthAMcIhI nirmitI hoU lAgalI. 'pAlI' hI bhASA 'mAgadhI' bhASevara AdhArita azI prAkRta bhASAca Ahe. paraMtu 'pAlI'cA svataMtrapaNaM ANi vistArAnaM khUpa abhyAsa jhAlA. zabdakoSahI banale. itara prAkRta bhASAMcA abhyAsa tyA mAnAnaM naMtara jhAlA. tyAmuLaM 'prAkRta' yA nAvAtUna 'pAlI' bhASA vagaLaNyAcA praghAta paDalA. sAhitya arthAt vAGmayAmadhye aneka prakAra va aneka viSaya samAviSTa asatAta. tyApaikI jainAMnI lihilelyA prAkRta sAhityAtIla kathAbhAMDArAcA Aja ApalyAlA paricaya karUna ghyAyacA Ahe. ___ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI, apabhraMza ANi saMskRta yA pAca bhASAMmadhye jainAMnI javaLajavaLa 15 zatake arthAt dIDa hajAra varSa sAtatyAnaM lekhana kelaM. tyApaikI mahArASTrI bhASeta tara kathAMcI khANaca upalabdha Ahe. toMDI paraMparenaM cAlata AlelyA kathA tara tyAta noMdavalelyA Ahetaca paraMtu kliSTa viSaya sopA karUna samajAvUna sAMgaNyAsaThI navanavIna kathAMcI nirmitI dekhIla kelelI disate. 'kathA' hA ekaca vAGmayaprakAra kitI vividha rUpAMnI naTUna avatarato tyAcI gaNatIca nAhI. kadhI cAra oLIMcI choTIzI cAturyakathA disela tara kadhI 400 pAnAMcI dIrghakathA ! AttA ApaNa jilA kAdaMbarI mhaNato kliA prAkRtamadhe kahA' arthAt 'kathA'ca mhaTalaM Ahe. prAkRta sAhityAta AkhyAnaM, upAkhyAnaM, dRSTAMtakathA, rUpakakathA, adbhutakathA, bodhakathA, praznottararUpakathA, prANI-pakSI-kathA yAMcI nusatI bharamAra Ahe. vegavegaLyA jaina AcAryAMnI kathAMcaM vargIkaraNa suddhA kitItarI vegavegaLyA prakArAMnI sAdara kelaM Ahe ! dazavakAlika nAvAcyA graMthAcyA vyAkhyeta AcArya haribhadrAMnI kathece pariNAma lakSAta gheUna vargIkaraNa kelaM Ahe. tapa, saMyama, dAna, zIla azA sadguNAMcA paripoSa karaNArI kathA 'satkathA' asate. ajJAna, aMdhazraddhA, pAkhaMDa vADhavaNArI kathA hI 'akathA' asate. rAga, dveSa, matsara, sUDa, corI ityAdI durguNAMnI samAjAta vikRtI nirmANa karate tI 'vikathA' hoya. tIna puruSArthAMvara AdhArita asaM kathAMcaM vargIkaraNa 'kuvalayamAlA' yA dIrgha kAvyakatheta AraMbhI noMdavalaM Ahe. dhArmika guNAMcA vikAsa karate tI 'dharmakathA'. vidyA, zilpa, arthArjanAce upAya, tyAsAThI kelelaM paradezagamana i. prayatna, taseca sAma-dAna (dAma)-daMDa-bheda yAMcA vicAra jicyAta asato tI 'arthakathA' ! rUpa-sauMdarya, tAruNya, prema, strIdAkSiNya yAMnA prakaTa karate tI kAmakathA'. yA tinhIMcyA mizraNAnaM tayAra hote tI 'mizrita' athavA 'saMkIrNa'

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kathA. dharmakathece cAra upaprakAra sAMgaNyAta Ale Aheta. manAlA anukUla tI AkSepaNI' dharmakathA, pratikUla vATaNAra 'vikSepaNI', jJAna vADhavaNArI 'saMvegajananI' ANi vairAgya vADhavaNArI 'nirvedajananI' dharmakathA hoya. strI-puruSa vilAsAMce varNana 'rAtrikathe'ta yete. taseca cauryakartyAMce varNanahI yAta yete. bhojana-mejavAnyAMcI rasabharita varNanaM bhojanakathe'ta yetAta. striyAMcI raMgelapaNe kelelI varNane va vyabhicAra 'strIkathe'cA viSaya asato. yuddha, heragirI, kUTa-kArasthAnaM, baMDALI yAMcI varNanaM 'janapadakatheta' kiMvA 'rASTrakatheta yetAta. azA kathA sAdhUsAdhvIMnI racU nayeta ANi aikUhI nayeta - asA nirbaMdha sAdhu-AcArAta ghAlaNyAta AlA Ahe. 'vasudevahiMDI' nAvAcyA pravAsavarNanAtmaka graMthAta - AkhyAyikA-pustaka, kathAvijJAna ANi vyAkhyAna yAMcaM vizeSa vivecana kelaM Ahe. ___ jaina kathAlekhakAMnI, 'kathA manoraMjaka karaNyAsAThI koNate upAya vAparAveta ?' - yAcA vicAra kelelA disato. kathA adhikAdhika AkarSaka banaNyAsAThI ticyAta puDhIla goSTI asaNe Avazyaka Ahe. jase :- saMvAda, buddhiparIkSA, vAk-kauzalya, praznottara, uttara-pratyuttara, prahelikA, samasyApUrtI, subhASita-sUktI, mhaNI-vAkpracAra, gIta-gItikA-gAthA azA vividha bhASAtIla padyaracanA - ityAdI ityAdI. samora asalelA zrotRvRMda kasA Ahe, koNatyA Arthika-sAmAjika starAtalA Ahe, tyAcI mAnasika avasthA va bauddhika pAtaLI koNatI Ahe - he sarva dhyAnAta gheUna vaktyAne kathecA viSaya nivaDAvA ANi nirUpaNAcI paddhatahI tyAnusAra TharavAvI - ase mhaTale Ahe. adhama-madhyama-uttama' - azI zrotyAMcI vargavArI kelelI disate. ___ ardhamAgadhI bhASeta lihilele 11 aMgagraMtha zvetAMbara jaina sAhityAta 'mahAvIravANI' yA nAvAne prasiddha Aheta. tyAtIla sahAvA graMtha Ahe jJAtAdharmakathA'. sAmAnya lokAMcA bauddhika stara lakSAta gheUna yA graMthAta aneka dhArmika tattvaM ANi siddhAMta - kathA ANi dRSTAMtAcyA mAdhyamAtUna citrita karaNyAta AlI Aheta. yAta ekUNa 14 kathA ANi 5 dRSTAMta Aheta. pratyeka katheta striyAMce citraNa agrabhAgI asalelaM disataM. 'sthApatyA' nAvAcI kartRtvavAna strI, ApalyA mulAcyA AyuSyAtIla mahattvAce nirNaya svataMtrapaNe ANi jabAbadArInaM ghetAnA disate. 'gharakAmAcI vATaNI cAra sunAMmadhe kazI karAyacI ?' hA dainaMdina AyuSyAtalA peca soDavaNyAsAThI sAsarebuvA koNatI parIkSA ghetAta ? - yAcA manoraMjaka vRttAMta 'rohiNI' nAvAcyA katheta yeto. cArahI sunAMcyA zArIrika va bauddhika kSamatA lakSAta ghetalyA jAtAta. mAheracyA maMDaLIMcyA samakSa parIkSA ghetalyAne pakSapAtAcI AzaMkA rahAta nAhI. kathecyA akherIsa mahAvI pAca mahAvrate dhAraNa kelelyA sAdhUlA lAvUna dAkhavatAta. 'satata zaMkAkula asaNAr2yA mANasAce kadhI bhale hota nAhI' - asA bodha morAcyA dona aMDyAMcyA dRSTAMtAtUna miLato. 'naMdIphala' nAvAcyA vRkSAcI phaLe kazI khAyalA goDa ANi pariNAmI viSArI Aheta - yAsAThIcA saMdara dRSTAMta ithaM yojalA Ahe. talAvAtalA beDUka ANi samudrAtalA beDUka yAMcA apratima saMvAda yAca graMthAta citrita karaNyAta AlA Ahe. mahAbhAratAta koThehI na AlelI draupadIcyA tIna pUrvajanmAMcI sAkhaLIbaddha kathA yAta vAcAyalA miLate. draupadIce apaharaNa, pAMDavAMce nirvAsana, pAMDumathurA arthAt madurAIcI nirmitI - ase aneka kathAbhAgnAcakAMnA stimita karatAta. 'uttarAdhyayana-sUtra' hA graMtha sAmAnyataH 'dhammapada' yA bauddha graMthAsArakhA Ahe. vegaLepaNa itakeca kI tyAtale kAhI saMvAda va AkhyAnaM atizaya AkarSaka Aheta. svata:lA sarva prajecA nAtha' samajaNArA rAjA vastutaH svata: kitI 'anAtha' Ahe - he eka munI rAjAlA samajAvUna sAMgatAnA disatAta. 'rAjImatI' nAvAcyA atyaMta tejasvI cAritryavAna strIcA vRttAMta yAtUnaca samajato. ___ardhamAgadhI graMthAMvara naMtaracyA kALAta je spaSTIkaraNAtmaka sAhitya lihile gele tyAlA 'TIkA-sAhitya' mhaNatAta. he samagra TIkAsAhitya kathA-kahANyAMcaM jaNU akSaya bhAMDAraca Ahe. yogya ANi ayogya ziSyAMsAThI sUpa, cALaNI, ghaDA ityAdI aneka manoraMjaka dRSTAMta dile Aheta. manuSyatvAce durlabhatva sAMgaNyAsAThI jaina sAhityAta vAraMvAra dahA dRSTAMta dilele disatAta. maMtravalele phAse gheUna dyUta kheLaNArA jugArI, DhIgabhara dhAnyAta moharIce dANe

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zodhaNArI mhAtArI, samudrAcyA taLAzI gelele haravalele ratna zodhaNArA nAvADI - ase ekAhUna eka sarasa dRSTAnta the ADhaLatAta. 'sukhabodhA' nAvAcyA ekA graMthAta tara akSaraza: zekaDo kathA prasaMgopAtta sAMgitalyA Aheta. AdhIcyA graMthAta bIjarUpAne AlelyA kathA naMtara-naMtaracyA graMthAta adhikAdhika surasa karUna sAMgitalelyA disatAta. suprasiddha arthazAstrakAra cANakya Urpha kauTilya yAcyA jIvanAviSayIcyA kAhI kathA 'AvazyakacUrNI' yA 6-7 vyA zatakAtIla graMthAta prathama ADhaLalyA. vaidika athavA hiMdU ANi bauddha graMthAta yA kathA sAmAnyata: ADhaLata nAhIta. mAjhe kutUhala cAMgaleca jAgRta jhAle. prAkRta ANi saMskRta sAhityAta cANakyAcA kasUna zodha ghetalA. sumo 30-35 graMthAta cANakyAcyA aneka kathA ADhaLalyA. tyAcA janma, janmagAva, AIvaDIla, zikSaNa, naMdAcyA bhojanazAletIla apamAna, pratijJA, caMdraguptAcA zodha, tyAcaM rakSaNa ANi zikSaNa, pATalIputrAvara ayazasvI halle, parvatakAce sahAyya, doghAta rAjyavibhAgaNI, viSakanyecI yojanA, rAjyAcA khajinA vADhaviNyAce prayatna, kaDaka rAjyazAsana, kAhI niSThura, nirNaya, caMdraguptAcA mRtyU, biMdusArAcA rAjyAbhiSeka, 'subandhu' nAvAcyA naMdAcyA pakSapAtI maMtryAne cANakyAzI dharalele zatrutva, biMdusArAcI nArAjI, cANakyAcI nivRttI, tyAne ekA goThyAta samAdhI gheNaM, subaMdhUne goThyAsa kapaTAnaM Aga lAvaNaM, cANakyAce prAyopagamana va akherIsa mRtyU - yA sAr2yA ThaLaka ghaTanA prathama vikhuralelyA kathAbhAgAMcyA rUpAnaM jaina sAhityAta disatAta. hemacandra nAvAcyA AcAryAMnI tyAMcaM saMkalana karUna salaga caritra 12 vyA zatakAta saMskRtAta lihilaM. digaMbara AcArya hariSeNa yAMnI ApalyA bRhatkatheta cANakyAce pUrNa jainIkaraNa karUna vegaLIca kathA lihilelI disate. cANakyAcI apUrva buddhimattA, kaDaka zAsanavyavasthA ANi nirAsaktI yAmuLe jaina paraMparenaM tyAlA gauravalelaM disataM. DoLasa saMzodhakAlA jaina kathA sAhityAtIla ase aneka viSaya khuNAvata rahAtAta. 11 ve-12 ve zataka jaina kathAsAhityAcA suvarNakALa mhaTalA pAhije. yA kALAta svataMtra kathAsaMgrahAMcI nirmitI hoU lAgalI. kathAkoSaprakaraNa, AkhyAnamaNikoza, kumArapAlapratibodha, manoramAkathA hI kAhI suprasiddha jaina kathAgraMthAMcI nAvaM sAMgatA yetIla. upadezapradhAna kathAgraMthAMcI jaNU lATa usaLalelI disate. upadezapada, upadezamAla dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa, upadezataraMgiNI hI tyAtIla kAhI nAvaM. 'kahakosu' arthAt 'kathAkoSa' nAvAcyA apabhraMza graMthAta tatkAlIna pracalita kathAMcA apratima saMgraha karUna ThevalA Ahe. zroteho, jaina kathAsAhityAtIla kAhI vecaka kathAratnAMcA AtA rasagrahaNAtmaka AsvAda gheU. 'mekhala' nAvAcyA ekA sAdhyA, azikSita paraMtu buddhimAna gavaLyAne cAra bhAvAMcyA sAMpattika vATaNyAMcA taMTA kasA kuzalatene soDavalA yAcI kathA 'manoramA' kathAsaMgrahAta yete. gharAta zUrapaNA dAkhavaNAr2yA sonArAce bhitre svarUpa - tyAcI patnI koNatyA prasaMgAnaM ughaDa karate, he ApalyAlA 'gRhazUra' kathetUna disataM. parakAyApravezavidyecaM varNana karaNArI vikramAdityAcI kathA azIca adbhutaramya Ahe. 'jasajasA jAsta paisA yeIla tasatazI buddhI phirata jAte' - he spaSTa karaNAr2yA dona kathA khUpaca raMjaka Aheta. ekIce nAva Ahe 'anarthakAraka artha' ANi dusarIcenAva Ahe 'pApAcA bApa koNa ?'. sAdhUMcI TiMgalaTavALI karaNyAsAThI caMDacUDAne niyama ghetalA kI, 'samoracyA kuMbhArAcaM jhaLajhaLataM Takkala madhyAnhIcyA unhAta pADalyAzivAya mI bhojana gheNAra nAhI.' hA thaTTenaM ghetalelA niyama pALatAnA koNatyA aDacaNI AlyA, tyAcaM koNate phaLa miLAlaM, yAcI hI gaMmatIdAra kathA lahAna mulAMnA khUpaca AvaDate. vasudevahiMDItIla koMkaNaka brAhmaNAcI kathA, lokAMnA pazubaLIpAsUna dUra karaNyAcyA uddezAnaM lihilI asalI tarI ticI mAMDaNI atizaya AkarSaka ANi kutUhala zevaTaparyaMta TikavUna ThevaNArI Ahe. bhAgyAta nasela tara kamanazibI mANasAlA devAce kitIhI vara miLAle tarI tyAcyA paristhitIta kAhI pharaka paData nAhI. yAulaTa bhAgyAta asela tara garIba aMdha vyaktIsuddhA utkarSAlA jAU zakate - asaM tAtparya 'prAkRtavijJAna-kathe'talyA durdaivI' yA katheta ADhaLate. zrIpAlakatheta surasuMdarI ANi madanAsuMdarI yA dona bahiNIMcI lacaka goSTa raMgavUna raMgavUna sAMgitalI Ahe. rAjAlA phAra garva hoto kI mAjhyA mulIMnA mI janma dilA. tyA rUpavatIguNavatI-zrImaMta Aheta. tyAMcA bhAgyavidhAtA mIca Ahe. mIca tyAMnA yogya patI nivaDUna deIna. surasuMdarI satata

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vaDilAMcI bhalAvaNa karate. tyAMcI marjI saMpAdana karate. madanAsuMdarIcA karmasiddhAntAvara dRDha vizvAsa asato. tI vaDilAMnA sAMgate, 'mAjhyA karmAta asela toca navarA malA miLaNAra.' rAjA ruSTa hoto. madanAsuMdarIcaM lagna muddAmaca ekA kuSTharogyAzI lAvUna deto. tI patIce auSadhopacAra karate. joDIlA siddhacakrAcI upAsanA karate. patI nirogI hoto. svaparAkramAne rAjyahI miLavato. rAjAhI akhera karmasiddhAntAce zreSThatva mAnya karato. prAviNya miLavaNyAcyA 72 kalA suprasiddha Aheta. 'matizekhara' nAvAcyA maMtryAne 'cauryakalA' hI 72 vI kalA asalyAce cAturyAne kase dAkhavUna dile tI kathA 'prAkRta - vijJAna-kathe'ta namUda kelI Ahe. zikSaNa ANi namratA yAMcyA jorAvara ekA azvAdhipatIkaDe nokara mhaNUna rahANArA yuvaka, koNatI yuktI karUna tyAcA gharajAvaI jhAlA - yAcI kathA 'upadezapada' yA kathAsaMgrahAta yete. zroteho, puNyAtIla 'sanmati - tIrtha' nAvAcyA saMsthemArphata jaina prAkRta kathAMcyA marAThI anuvAdAce kAma jhapATA cAlU Ahe. pAca khaMDa prakAzita jhAle asUna sahAvA khaMDa prakAzanAcyA mArgAvara Ahe. jijJAsUMnI yAcI jarUra noMda ghyAvI. samAjAtIla uccabhrU vargApAsUna taLAgALAparyaMtacyA strI-puruSAMcyA sarva pravRttIMvara prakAza TAkaNAr2yA yA kathA prAmukhyAnaM madhyayugIna samAjajIvanAcA jaNU ArasAca Aheta. yA kathAMcyA prAmANika anuvAdAcyA AdhAre aneka aMgAMnI tyAMcI samIkSA karatA yeIla. yAtIla vyApAra-vyApArI mArga va arthazAstra atizaya lakSaNIya Ahe. 'strIvAdI' samIkSakAMnA tara alIbAbAcI guhA sApaDalyAitakA AnaMda hoIla. kAhI aitihAsika vyaktimatvAMcA zodha ghetA yeIla. yAtIla punarAvRtta 'mithake' gheUna jAgatika vAGmayAta zodha ghetA yeIla. hiMdU - jaina-bauddha yAMcyAtIla parasaMbaMdha vegaLIca sAmAjika tathye ughaDa karatIla. sarvAta mahattvAce mhaNaje sarva AbAlavRddhAMce tyA nikhaLa manoraMjana karatIla. zroteho, akherIsa eka goSTa AvarjUna namUda karate kI kliSTa, kaMTALavANyA, upadezAMnI bharalelyA, dIkSAvairAgyAcA atireka asalelyA, pUrvajanma - punarjanmAMcyA atirikta varNanAMnI mukhya kathAvastU haravalelyA, atizayokta jainIkaraNAne asaMbhAvya vATaNAr2yA - azAhI aneka kathA yA 'jaina kathAbhAMDArA'ta Aheta. rAjahaMsAcyA vRttIne ApaNa sArarUpAne tyA grahaNa karU yA ANi tyAtIla vecaka kathA puDhacyA piDhIparyaMta pohocavUna Apale sAMskRtika RNa pheDaNyAcA prayatna karU yA !! premAne mhaNU yA - jaya jinendra !! **********

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10. jaina prAkRta sAhitya : kAhI mahattvapUrNa nirIkSaNe (jaina - marAThI - sAhitya-saMmelanAnimitta lihilelA vizeSa lekha, solApUra, me 2011) jaina sAhityAcA itihAsa mukhyataH hiMdImadhye ANi aneka paddhatIMnI lihilelA disato. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama saMzodhana maMdirAne ATha khaMDAtmaka itihAsAta sarva prakAracyA prAkRta bhASA ANi saMskRta yAMmadhIla itihAsa vistArane lihilA Ahe. DaoN. jagadIzacaMdra jainAMcA prAkRta sAhityAcA itihAsa sarvavizruta Ahe. jainAMcyA saMskRta sAhityAca itihAsahI svataMtrapaNe lihilelA Ahe. DaoN. harivaMza kochaDa yAMnI kevaLa apabhraMza sAhityAcA itihAsa lihilA Ahe. iMgrajI bhASeta ase itihAsa lekhana atyaMta alpa Ahe. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina yAMnI jaina saMskRtIce yogadAna noMdavitamA bhASA va viSayAnusAra jaina sAhityAcA ADhAvA ghetalA Ahe. puNe vidyApIThAcyA aMtargata asalelyA jaina adhyAsanAne, jaina va prAkRta sAhityAcA itihAsa viSayAnusArI, bhASAnusArI va zatakAnusArI lihiNyAcA prayatna nukatAca kelA oha jaina itihAsa pariSadecyA smaraNikesAThI lekha lihita asatAnA yA koNatyAhI prayatnAMcI punarAvRttI na karatA kevaLa kAhI mahattvapUrNa nirIkSaNe noMdaviNyAsAThI prastuta lekha lihita Ahe. samagra prakAzita jaina sAhityAce aneka rSe avalokana va ciMtana karUna hI nirIkSaNe noMdavilelI Aheta. vara noMdavilele graMtha heca yAce AdhArabhUta graMtha Aheta. nirIkSaNe sthUla mAnAne asalyAne taLaTIpA lihilelyA nAhIta. mahArASTra jaina prAkRta sAhityAvarIla nirIkSaNe * zvetAmbara jainAMce prAkRta sAhitya kramAne ardhamAgadhI, jaina mahArASTrI va apabhraMza bhASeta lihilele Ahe. ardhamAgadhI sAhityAta prAmukhyAne 45 AgamagraMthAMcA samAveza hoto. tisar2yA zatakApAsUna paMdharAvyA zatakAparyaMta lihilelyA jaina mahArASTrI sAhityAta mahAkAvya, kathA, carita, upadezapara graMtha, karmagraMtha, AcArapradhAna graMtha ANi muktaka kAvyAca samAveza hoto. apabhraMzAtIla sAhitya tyAmAnAne atyaMta alpa Ahe. * digambarAMnI zaurasenI ANi apabhraMza yA prAkRta bhASAMmadhye vipula graMtharacanA kelI. tyAMce prAcIna saiddhAMtika sAhitya zaurasenI bhASeta asUna apabhraMzAta prAmukhyAne purANa ANi caritasAhitya lihile gele. * isavIsanAcyA cauthyA zatakAta lihilelA tattvArthasUtra hA AcArya umAsvAtikRta graMtha jaina sAhityAtIla pahilA saMskRta graMtha hoya. zvetAmbara va digambara donhIhI tyAMnA ApalyA saMpradAyAce mAnatAta. cauthyA zatakAnaMtara jainAhityakSetrAta saMskRtamadhUna lekhanAsa AraMbha jhAlA. digambarIyAMnI 4 thyA zatakAnaMtara saMskRtamadhye lihiNe vizeSa pasaMta kele. vyAkhyAsAhitya ANi nyAyaviSayaka sAhitya yAsAThI digambarIyAMnA saMskRta bhASA atyaMta anukUla vATalI. zvetAmbIya AcAryAMnI lihilelyA nyAya va saiddhAMtika sAhityAkherIja kAvye va caritehI saMskRtamadhye ADhaLatAta. 'jaina saMskRta sAhitya' hA viSaya yA lekhAcyA kakSeta nasalyAmuLe tyAviSayI adhika lihilele nAhI. * upalabdha sarva prAkRta sAhityAmadhye ardhamAgadhI bhASetIla AcArAMga (1), sUtrakRtAMga (1), RSibhASita ANi uttarAdhyayana (kAhI adhyayane) he graMtha ardhamAgadhI bhASece prAcInatama namune asalyAcA nirvALA bhASAzAstrAcyA abhyAsakAMnI dilA Ahe. * bolIbhASA mhaNUna zaurasenI hI ardhamAgadhIpekSA adhika prAcIna asaNyAcA saMbhava asalA tarI sAhityAcyA likhita namunyAMmadhye varIla viSiSTa graMthAtIla ardhamAgadhI prathama astitvAta AlI ase disate. kAhI digambarIya abhyAsaka

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'zaurasenItUna ardhamAgadhI nighAlI' - asA dAvA karatAta. paraMtu adyApa to sarvamAnya jhAlelA nAhI. bharatAcyA nATyasanAta ardhamAgadhI va zaurasenI, donhI bolIbhASAMcI noMda ghetalelI disate. * 45 ardhamAgadhI AgamagraMtha isavIsanapUrva 500 te isavIsana 500 yA eka hajAra varSAcyA kALAta tayAra jhAle. yApaikI kAhI nivaDaka graMthAMnAca khar2yA arthAne 'mahAvIravANI' mhaNatA yete. bahutAMzI racanA yA uttaravartI AcAryamI va sthavirAMnI lihilelyA Aheta. yAcamuLe ardhamAgadhI bhASece vegavegaLe tIna stara zvetAmbara AgamAMmadhye disatAta. * digambara saMpradAya ase mAnato kI, koNateca ardhamAgadhI graMtha pramANita mahAvIravANI' mhaNatA yeta nAhIta. kALAcyA oghAta ardhamAgadhI bhASeta aneka badala jhAle va bhara paDalI. mhaNUna zvetAmbara AgamagraMtha he 'vyucchinna' jhAle. yAca kAraNAne digambara AcAryAMnI dRSTivAda' yA prAcInatama graMthAcyA smaraNAcyA AdhAre zaurasenI bhASeta navyAne graMthasanA kelI. tyAMnA AmnAya, Agama kiMvA veda mhaTale gele asale tarI tyAMce kartRtva viziSTa viziSTa AcAryAkeja jAte. * ardhamAgadhI AgamagraMthAMcI vibhAgaNI aMga, upAMga, mUlasUtra, chedasUtra ityAdI prakAre karatAta. digaMbarIya graMthAMcI vibhAgaNI prathamAnuyoga (kathAnuyoga), karaNAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga ANi dravyAnuyoga yA cAra anuyogAMmadhye karatAta adhyayana-paraMpareta mAtra zvetAmbara he mUlasUtrAMpAsUna AraMbha karatAta tara digambara prathamAnuyogApAsUna karatAta. * devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNa yAMcyA netRtvAkhAlI, pAcavyA zatakAmadhye jhAlelyA tisar2yA AgamavAcanemadhye, sarva ardhamAgadhI Agama prathama graMthArUDha jhAle mhaNaje likhita svarUpAta Ale. tyApUrvI te maukhika paraMparene japalele hote. 'SaTkhaMDagama' hA zaurasenI bhASetIla pahilA digaMbara graMtha jevhA racalA gelA tevhAca mhaNaje pahilyA zatakAtaca likhita svarUpAta astitvAta AlA. tyAnaMtarahI bhagavatI ArAdhanA va kundakundAMce samagra sAhitya graMthArUDha svarUpAtaca pracalita jhAle. tyAmuLe arthAtaca likhita svarUpAta jaina siddhAMtaviSayaka sAhitya ANaNyAcA pahilA mAna digaMbara paraMparelA dilA jAto. * digaMbarIyAMcyA zaurasenI sAhityAce svarUpa mukhyata: saiddhAMtika arthAt tattvapradhAna Ahe. zvetAMbarIya AgamasAhityA mAtra viSayAMcI vividhatA disate. udAharaNArtha - AcArAMga(1) hA graMtha aupaniSadika zailIta lihilelA adhyAtmapradhAna graMtha Ahe. sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga he kozavajA graMtha Aheta. vyAkhyAprajJaptItUna mahAvIrAMcA samakAlIna itihAsa samajata 'nAyAdhammakahA' graMthAta aneka sarasa kathA va dRSTAMta Aheta. upAsakadazA, aMtagaDadazA va vipAkasUtra he kathApradhAna graMtha Aheta. uttarAdhyayanAta tattvajJAna, AcaraNa, AkhyAna, saMvAda yAMnA prAdhAnya Ahe. eka utkRSTa zramaNakAvya' mhaNUnahI tyAcA gaurava kelA jAto. yAkherIja upAMgAMmadhye khagola, bhUgola va prANizAstra, jIvazAstraviSayaka nirIkSaNe noMdavilI Aheta. he cAra viSaya digaMbara paraMparetIla tiloyapaNNatti va gommaTasAra yA dona graMthAta yetAta. paraMtu he donhIgraMtha ardhamAgadhI upAMgagraMthAMcyA racanecyA kALAnaMtarace Aheta. * zvetAMbara jainAcArya tisar2yA-cauthyA zatakApAsUna te paMdharAvyA zatakAparyaMta sAtatyAne jaina mahArASTrI yA prAkRtabhASeta lihita rAhile. vAD.mayAcA prakAra va viSaya yA dRSTIne tyAta khUpa vividhatA rAhilI. yA graMthAMcI saMkhyA zekaDyaMnI asalI tarI vAD.mayIna mUlya asalele va bhAratIya saMskRtIcyA aMtaraMgAvara prakAza TAkaNAre mojake graMtha yAmadhye uheta. ekaMdarIta bhAratIya sAhityAlA yogadAna TharaNAre graMtha va tyAMcI vaiziSTye puDhIlapramANe Aheta -

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(1) paumacariyaM : * cauthyA zatakAtIla pahile jaina rAmAyaNa. * 'ArSa prAkRta bhASA' mhaNUna bhASAzAstrajJAMkaDUna gaurava. * vAlmIki rAmAyaNa likhita svarUpAta AlyAvara sumAre eka-dona zatakAtaca lihilelA graMtha. * rUDha rAmAyaNAtIla atArkika va asaMbhavanIya goSTI dUra karaNyAcA prayatna. * strI vyaktirekhAMkaDe baghaNyAcA vizeSa sahAnubhUtipUrNa dRSTikoNa. * vAlmIkIMcyA tulaneta rasavattecyA dRSTIne duyyama. * uttaravartI kALAta aneka digaMbara-zvetAMbara rAmAyaNAMnA AdhArabhUta. * svayaMbhUdevAMce apabhraMza 'paumacariu' tyA tulanene adhika rasavattApUrNa. (2) vasudevahiMDI : * prAcIna jaina mahArASTrI arthAt ArSa prAkRta bhASecA 6 vyA zatakAtIla utkRSTa namunA. * bhAratIya prAcIna vAD.mayAtale pahilevahile pravAsavarNana. * dharmakathAMbarobaraca kAmakathAMcA aMtarbhAva. * sakasa kathAbIje, vAcakAMnA khiLavUna ThevaNAr2yA dIrghakathA. * zrIkRSNa vAsudevAce uttarAyuSya va dvArakAvinAzAcI savistara hakIgata. * vyaktirekhAMce ekAMgI citraNa na karatA samatola lekhana. * dona AcAryAMnI saMyuktapaNe lihilelA graMtha. * samAjAcyA uttama-madhyama-nimna starAMce sarvAMgINa darzana. * sahAvyA zatakAtalyA bhAratAce sAMskRtika pratibiMba. (3) haribhadrAMce jaina mahArASTrI sAhitya : (8 ve zataka-pUrvArdha) * dhUrtAkhyAna' : samagra bhAratIya sAhityAta uThUna disaNAre, vyaMga-upahAsapradhAna zailItale khaMDakAvya. * rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata-purANAtIla tarkavirUddha va asaMbhAvya goSTIMcA yatheccha samAcAra. * puDhe aneka zatake prAkRta, saMskRta va apabhraMzAta dhUrtAkhyAnAcI anukaraNe. * 'samarAiccakahA' : karmasiddhAMtAvara AdhArita dhArApravAhI mahAkAdaMbarI. * yAtIla samAsapracura bhAgAMvara saMskRtacI chApa. * bolIbhASetIla capakhala saMvAda, dezI zabdAMcA vApara. * AvazyakaTIketa jarUra tethe prAkRta kathAMcI yojanA. * 'upadezapada' : pracalita prAkRta kathAMcA jaNU kozaca. (4) kuvalayamAlA : (8 ve zataka-uttarArdha) * udyotanasUrikRta apUrva lokapriya graMtha, utkaMThAvardhaka kathAnake. * likhita svarUpAtIla pahile 'marAThI' zabda, 18 dezIbhASAMce namune. * samakAlIna bhAratIya saMskRtIcA jaNU kozaca ! (5) paramappayAsu-yogIndudeva (kALa aMdAje 7 ve te 9 ve zataka) * apabhraMza bhASetIla zuddha AdhyAtmika laghugraMtha.

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* dhyAna va yogAvarahI 'yogasAra' laghugraMtha. (6) sukhabodhA TIketIla prAkRta kathA : (11 ve zataka) * deveMdragaNIMcI uttarAdhyayanasUtrAvarIla TIkA. tyAta aneka kathA. * dIrghakathA, madhyamakathA va laghukathAMce bhAMDAra. * prAkRta abhyAsakAMcA lokapriya graMtha. (7) pAiyalacchInAmamAlA ANi dezInAmamAlA : * yApaikI pahilA dhanapAlakRta graMtha (10 ve zataka) prAkRta bhASecA amarakoza. * dusarA hemacandrakRta graMtha (12 ve zataka) vaiziSTyapUrNa 3978 dezI zabdAMcA arthasahita saMgraha. * saMskRtapAsUna na banalelyA zabdAMcA ekamevAdvitIya zabdakoza . * prAkRta sAhityAcA viSayAnusArI ADhAvA * * 'caNDa' yA jaina AcAryAMce pahile prAkRta vyAkaraNa, 'namo arihaMtANaM' ne AraMbha (3 re -4 the zataka), puDhe hemacaMdrAMnI vistArale. * saMskRta-prAkRta vaiyAkaraNAMnI haimazabdAnuzAsana gauravile, abhyAsale. (12 ve zataka) * naya va anekAntavAdAvarIla ekameva prAkRta graMtha - siddhasena divArakRta sanmati - tarka. * 'sanmati-tarka' - zvetAMbara, digaMbara dohoMnA AdaraNIya (7 ve zataka). hA ekameva graMtha soDUna itara sarva nyAyapramANa- syAdvAda - anekAntavAdAvarIla sAhitya saMskRtAta. * SaTkhaMDAgamAvarIla vIrasenakRta dhavalA TIkA (7ve - 9 ve zataka) zaurasenI gadyAcA khaMDanamaMDanazailIta vApara. abhUpUrva tArkika zailItalA vizAlakAya graMtha. * prAkRtamadhIla (apabhraMzAtIla) pahile 'purANa' - puSpadantakRta 'mahApurANa' (9 ve zataka). sahAvyA sAtavyA zatakApAsU saMskRta purANAMcI digaMbarIya paraMparA. * apabhraMzAta digaMbarIyAMce vipula carita (cariu ) lekhana. 'karakaMDacariu' ANi 'jasaharacariu' lokapriya. svayaMbhUdevAca 'paumacariu' vizeSa prasiddha. barIcazI caritre anukaraNAtmaka ANi anAkarSaka. * saMskRtacyA tulaneta prAkRta zAstrIya ( lAkSaNika) sAhitya atyaMta alpa va nagaNya. 'aMgavijjA' nimittazAstrAvara AdhArita paraMtu atyaMta durbodha. Thakkura pherU (14 ve zataka) cA ekameva apavAda vagaLatA noMda gheNyAjoge zAstrIya lekhana prAkRtAta nAhI. * prAkRta chaMdAMce sodaharaNa vivecana karaNAre graMtha puDhIla tIna jaina kavIMce - svayaMbhUchaMdas (8 ve - 9 ve zataka) naMditADhya (10 ve zataka), hemacaMdra (12 ve zataka) prAkRta chaMdAMcA itakA savistara vicAra saMpUrNa bhAratIya sAhityAta dusarA nahI. * zilAlekhAMmadhye khAravela samrATAce hAthIguMphA (orisA) yethIla prAkRta zilAlekha azoka zilAlekhAMkhAlokhAla mahattvAce. dakSiNa bhAratAtIla digaMbarIya zilAlekhAMce saMgraha prakAzita. zvetAMbarIya muni jinavijaya, jayantavijaya ANi vijayadharmasUrikRta lekhasaMgraha ullekhanIya. * aitihAsika prabaMdhasAhityAta saMskRta - prAkRta mizrita 'vividhatIrthakalpa' (jinaprabhasUri - 14 ve zataka) vizeSa mahattvAcA. itara prabaMdha pUrNataH saMskRtAta. * subhASita saMgrahAta jayavallabhakRta 'vajjAlagga' (13 ve zataka) hA prAkRta subhASitAMcA khajinA. kevaLa saMkalanAtmaka graMtha. mahArASTrI muktakakAvya 'gAthAsaptazatI' (gAhAsattasaI) cyA tulaneta kitItarI uttarakAlIna va kAvyadRSTyAduyyama . * saMskRta nATakAta prAkRtabhASAMcA vipula vApara. prAyaH sarvacyA sarva nATake jainetarAMcI. saMpUrNa prAkRta nATeka (saTTake)

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dekhIla jainetarAMcI Aheta. ___* Adhunika bhAratIya bolIbhASA ANi jaina sAhitya * * kannaDa bhASecyA prAthamika sAhityAta paMpa, ponna ANi ranna yA jaina AcAryAMce molAce yogadAna Ahe. * marAThItIla pahile zabda, pahile vAkya ANi 15-16 vyA zatakAtIla carita-purANa racanA he jainAMce marAThItIla yogadAna Ahe. * prAcIna gujarAthI ANi prAcIna hiMdImadhye asalelyA jainAMcyA racanA yA apabhraMzAcyA aMtima avasthA Aheta. * bAkIcyA bhAratIya bolIbhASAMtIla jaina sAhityAcA abhyAsa nasalyAmuLe tyAviSayI vidhAna karU zakata nAhI. * khar2yA arthAne assala jaina prAkRta sAhityAcA lekhAjokhA * (1) prAkRta mhaNaje bolIbhASeta dharmopadeza asAvA' hA bha. mahAvIrAMnI ghAtalelA daMDaka jaina paraMparene pALalA. i.sa.-- 500 pAsUnai.sa. 1500 paryaMta satata tyA tyA kALacyA prAkRta bhASeta sAhityaracanA kelyA. Adhunika bhAratIya bolIbhASAMmadhyehI graMtharacanA karIta rAhile. 'ardhamAgadhI-zaurasenIpAsUna Adhunika bolIbhASAMparyaMtacA bhASAzAstrIya pravAsa kasA jhAlA ?' yAce prabhAvI sAdhana kevaLa jaina vAD.mayAmuLeca upalabdha hoU zakale. (2) atizaya samRddha kathAsAhitya he prAkRta bhASAMce balasthAna Ahe. tyA prAmukhyAne jaina mahArASTrIta zvetAMbara AcAmI lihilelyA Aheta. tyAtIla sumAre 100 kathA atizaya cittavedhaka va saMskRtapekSA vegaLyA Aheta. bAkIcyA bhAraMbhAra kathA raTALa, kevaLa upadezapradhAna, dIkSA ANi vairAgyAcyA varNanAMnI bharalelyA Aheta. jaina soDUna itarAMnA tyAtUna kAhIhI rasaniSpattI hota nAhI. aneka kathAMtUna varNilele camatkAra, maMtra-taMtra ANi adbhutatA jaina tattvajJAnAcyA gAbhyAzI visaMgata Ahe, asehI disate. lekhAta varNana kelele cAra-sahA kathAgraMthaca vAD.mayIna va sAMskRtika dRSTane assala Aheta. jI goSTa kathAgraMthAMcI, tIca caritagraMthAMcI Ahe. cAra-sahA nivaDaka caritAMcA apavAda vagaLatA ajainAMnAca kAya jainAMnAhI tyAta rasa vATaNe zakya nAhI. (3) digaMbara zaurasenI graMtha javaLajavaLa sarvaca siddhAMta, tattva va AcArapradhAna Aheta. kundakundAMce kAhI graMtha va yogIndudevAMcA paramAtmaprakAza he zuddha AdhyAtmika graMtha samagra bhAratIya AdhyAtmika sAhityAlA yogadAnasvarUpa oha. (4) darzanakSetrAtIla agragaNya jaina graMtha tattvArthasUtra' ANi 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' he Aheta. paraMtu te saMskRtamadhe Aheta. bhAratIya dArzanika paraMpareta kevaLa yAca dona graMthAMcI dakhala ghetalI gelI. (5) prAcIna va madhyayugIna bhAratAcyA zikSaNaparaMpareta samAviSTa jhAlelA ANi nAva gheNyAsArakhA ekahI zAstrIya athavA lAkSaNika graMtha prAkRta sAhityAta ADhaLata nAhI. nimittazAstra, Ayurveda, gaNita, khagola, yoga, jyotiSa, arthazAstra yA sarva viSayAtIla agragaNya graMtha saMskRtamadhe Aheta ANi prAmukhyAne jainetarAMceca Aheta. dona-cAra apadA asatIlahI paraMtu prAkRta bolIbhASA lAkSaNika-zAstrIya sAhitya lihAyalA anukUla navhatyA aseca mhaNAve lAgela. (6) Adhunika bhAratIya bolIbhASAMcA vicAra karatAnA ApaNa marAThItIla samakAlIna jaina sAhityAcA vicAra karU. marAThI sAhitya gelyA kAhI dazakAta sarvArthAne samRddha hota cAlale Ahe. zrI. nirmalakumAra phaDakule, vilAsa sAve, joharApurakara, mA.pa.maMguDakara, zAMtilAla bhaMDArI, azoka jaina, sureza bhaTevarA, surekhA zahA he kAhI nivaU ANi malA mAhIta nasalele itarahI aneka jaina lekhaka-lekhikA marAThIta lekhana karIta Aheta. te ApApalyA abhyAsaviSayAta

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siddhahasta lekhaka mhaNUna prasiddhI pAvata Aheta. paraMtu tyAMcyA lekhanAlA 'jaina sAhitya' mhaNaNyApekSA 'dharmAne jaina asalelyA marAThI vyaktIMnI lihilele sAhitya' aseca mhaNAve lAgate. samakAlIna marAThI jaina kathAMbAbatacA peca asA Ahe kI katheta karmakAMDa, pAribhASikatA, AcAra ANi jaina purANakathA ghusalyA kI darjedAra marAThI sAhityAcyA dRSTIne rasavattA ghasarate ANi kathAvastU ANi mAMDaNI uttama alI kI tilA 'jaina' kA mhaNAve asA saMbhrama paDato. jainAMnI, jainAMce, jainAMsAThI marAThI sAhitya saMmelana jarUra bhavAve paraMtu, 'marAThI sAhityAcyA mukhya pravAhAta samakAlIna jaina sAhityAce yogadAna kitI Ahe ?' yAcI pakSapAtarahita samIkSA itarAMkaDUna avazya karUna ghyAvI. **********

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11. jainAMnI japalelI RSivacane (mahAvIra jayaMtInimitta 'lokasattA' dainikAta prakAzita, eprila 2011) Apale svata:ce tattvajJAna, siddhAMta, AcAra-niyama, tyAvara AdhArita tAttvika graMtha, upadezakathA - yA sarvAMce jatana pratyeka dharma ANi saMpradAya atizaya sAkSepAne karIta asato. 'ApalyA AjUbAjUcyA vaicArika kSetrAta kAya cAlU Ahe ?' tyAcA ADhAvA mukhyataH, te vicAra khoDUna kADhaNyAsAThI ghetalA jAto. ase aneka khaMDana-maMDanatmaka dArzanika graMtha bhAratIya sAhityAta lihile gele Aheta. Aja 2610 vyA mahAvIrajayaMtIcyA nimittAne ardhamAgadhI bhASeta asalelyA ekA atyaMta udAramatavAdI graMthAcA paricaya karUna deNAra Ahe. tyAce nAva Ahe - isibhAsiyAI - arthAt 'RSiMcI bhASite' mhaNajeca 'vacane'. ApalA bhArata deza prAcIna kALApAsUna 'tapobhUmi' mhaNUna khyAtakIrta Ahe. RSi, muni, tapasvI, sAdhu, bhikSu, nirgratha, anagAra, parivrAjaka, tApasa, yogI, saMnyAsI, zramaNa - ase aneka vaividhyapUrNa zabda bhAratAtalyA virAgI vRttIcyA sAdhakAMce dyotaka Aheta. 'RSibhASita' yA jaina graMthAta sarvAMcA 'RSi' yA zabdAneca nirdeza kelelA disato. yAta ekUNa 45 RSIMcyA vicArAMce saMkalana prastuta kele Ahe. bhAratAcyA prAcIna itihAsAvara najara TAkalI samajUna yete kI yA graMthAta mahAbhAratAcyA kALApAsUna hoUna gelelyA vicAravaMtAMcI ciMtane noMdavalelI Aheta. jaina paraMparenusAra yA 45 RSIMpaikI 20 jaNa ariSTanemIMcyA kALAta jhAle. 15 RSI pArzvanAthAMcyA kALAta jhAle. uralele 10 bha. mahAvIrAMcyA kALAta jhAle. 45 adhyayanAMmadhye (adhyAyAMmadhye ) 45 pUjanIya vyaktIMce vicAra dile asUna pratyekAta ase mhaTale Ahe kI, 'he vicAra amuka amuka arhat RSIMnI sAMgitalele Aheta'. AzcaryAcI ANi gauravAcI goSTa mhaNaje vardhamAna (29) ANi pArzva (31) he donaca RSI spaSTata: jaina paraMparetIla Aheta. vajjIyaputta, mahAkazyapa ANi sAriputra he tIna bauddha vicAradhAretIla RSi Aheta. deva nArada, asita devala, aMgirasa bhAradvAja, yAjJavalkya, bAhuka, vidura, vAriSeNa kRSNa, dvaipAyana, AruNI, uddAlaka, tArAyaNa - hI sarva nAve vaidika paraMpareta prasiddha Aheta. AjahI yAMce upadeza upaniSade, mahAbhArata ANi purANAMmadhye surakSita Aheta. yApaikI kAhI RSIMcI nAve bauddha tripiTaka sAhityAtahI ADhaLatAta. maMkhaliputra, rAmaputra, aMbaSTha, saMjaya belaTThiputra hI azI kAhI nAve Aheta kI jI jaina-bauddhAMvyatirikta asalelyA 'AjIvaka' i. zramaNaparaMparetIla Aheta. Ardraka, valkalacIrI, kUrmAputra, tetaliputra, bhayAlI - yA vicAravaMtAMcyA kathA prAmukhyAne jaina paraMparetaca ADhaLatAta. RSIMcyA saMpUrNa yAdIce avalokana kele kI soma, yama, varuNa, vAyu ANi vaizramaNa - hI pAca nAve vaidika paraMpareta maMtrAMcyA upadeSTyAMcyA svarUpAta disatAta. hI pAca nAve vagaLalI tara uralele sarva RSI kharokharaca prAgaitihAsika kALAta pratyakSa hoUna gelelyA vyaktI Aheta. kAlpanika caritre nAhIta. jaina dharmAtIla pramukha tattve, cAturyAma dharma, karmasiddhAMta ANi AcaraNAce niyama mukhyataH 'pArzva' adhyayanAta yetAta. vizvAlA 'zAzvata' mhaTale asUna tyAcI satatacI parivartanazIlatA namUda kelI Ahe. jIva (AtmA) ANi pudgala (paramANu) yAMnA 'gatizIla' mhaTale Ahe. dravya-kSetra - kAla-bhAva yA catuSTayIcI carcA yete. cAra gatI, aSTa Ahe. 'zarIra hA AtmyAcA pAhuNA asUna tyAlA lAgaNAre savvAcArazera annapANI rojacyA roja dyA', azA tar2hece udgAra graMthasAhibAta ADhaLatAta. upAsatApAsAlA jAsta prAdhAnya nAhI. 'bhikSAcarya' pUrNa varjya Ahe. zIkha dharmAtIla pahilyA pAca gurUMnI ApalyA AyuSyAcyA zevaTAparyaMta satsaMgAbarobaraca zetI vyavasAyahI kelA. 'hAtAne kAma va mukhAne harinAma' yAca sUtrAne zIkhadharmIya vAgata hote va Aheta. yAbAbata gItetIla niSkAma karmayoga hA tyAMnA AdarzarUpa vATato. AdhyAtmika unnatIsAThI saMsAra soDaNyAcI garaja bhAsata nAhI. graMthasAhibAta mhaTale Ahe kI,

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karmagraMthI yAMcA ullekha asUna spaSTa kele Ahe kI pratyeka jIva sva-kRta pApa-puNyAcAca bhAgIdAra asato. pArzvayAMcyA tulanene vardhamAnAMce vicAra troTaka Aheta. 'AcArAMga' ANi 'uttarAdhyayana' nAvAMcyA graMthAtIla aneka viSayavastUMce zAbdika rUpAMtaraNa yAta disate. mhaNUnaca pro. zUbiMga mhaNatAta kI yA graMthAcyA racanecA AraMbha pArzvanAthAMcyA kAryakALAta (mahAvIrAMpUrvI 250 varSe) jhAlA asAvA. AtA itara RSIMce vicAra pAhU. iMdranAga' RSI tapobalAce pradarzana karaNyAsa virodha darzavitAta. dvaipAyana RSI icchelA (vAsanelA) aniccheta parAvartita karaNyAsa sAMgatAta. sukha-duHkhAMcI mImAMsA 'sAriputta' RSI karatAta. 'zrIgiri' mhaNatAta, 'vizvAlA mAyA mhaNU nakA. te satya Ahe. anAdi-anaMta Ahe'. 'tArAyaNa' RSI krodhAce duSpariNAma kAvyamayatene raMgavitAta. 'sadaiva jAgRta rahA, jAgRta rahA, suptAvastheta jAU nakA'-asA preraka saMdeza uddAlaka RSI detAta. kSamA, titikSA ANi madhuravacanAMce mahattva 'RSigiri' spaSTa karatAta. durvacana-duSkarma, suvacana-sukarma ANi satsaMgatI-kusaMgatIcA vicAra 'aruNa' RSI pariNAmakArakatene mAMDatAta. AdhyAtmika kRSIce (zetIce) rUpaka 'piMga' RSI raMgavatAta.AtmA he kSetra, tapa he bIja, saMyama hA nAMgara ANi ahiMsA-samiti hI bailajoDI Ahe. brAhmaNa-kSatriya-vaizya-zUdra - koNIhI hI utkRSTa zetI karU zakato. 'mAtaMga' RSI dekhIla azAca AdhyAtmika zetIcA upadeza karatAta. 'nArada RSI zravaNAce ANi AMtarika zuddhIce mahattva sAMgatAta. ___jainAMnI udAra dRSTikoNAtUna japalelyA yA graMthAtIla vicAradhana hA sarva bhAratIyAMcA anamola ThevA Ahe. saMpradAyabheda dUra karUna ApaNa to graMtha vAcU yA.