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________________ Disembara 2008 jaina zrAvakAcAra meM pandaha karmAdAna : eka samIkSA * DaoN. kaumudI sunIla baladoTA prastAvanA zvetAmbara jaina paramparA ke mandiramArgI, sthAnakavAsI tathA terApaMthI tInoM sampradAyoM meM nityapATha ke AvazyakasUtra meM zrAvakavratoM ke aticAroM meM pandraha karmAdAnoM kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai / pandraha karmAdAnoM ko unake sambandhita vivaraNAtmaka granthoM meM niSiddha vyavasAyoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / niSiddha vyavasAyoM kA svarUpa, unakI saMkhyA, ye vyavasAya karanevAle vyAvasAyika Adi ke bAre meM mana meM jijJAsA utpanna huI tathA anake prazna bhI uTheM / inakA mUlagAmI zodha lete hue jo aneka tathya sAmane ubharakara Ae, usakI samIkSA isa zodhalekha meM karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / 37 karmAdAnasambandhI AdhArabhUta grantha : pA~caveM ardhamAgadhI aMgagrantha bhagavatI ( vyAkhyAprajJapti) ke AThaveM zataka ke pA~caveM uddezaka meM AjIvika siddhAnta kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / AjIvika jina kriyAoM ko niSiddha mAnate haiM aisI prAya: pazusambandhita kriyAoM kI ginatI vahA~ kI gayI hai / usake anantara jaina zrAvakoM dvArA varjanIya pandraha karmAdAnoM kA nirdeza hai / " vizeSa lakSaNIya bAta yaha hai ki bhagavatI meM karmAdAnoM ko zrAvakavrata ke aticAra ke rUpa meM prastuta nahIM kiyA hai tathA TIkAkAra ne bhI zrAvakavrata ke aticAra se isakA sambandha nahIM joDA hai / sAtaveM ardhamAgadhI aMgagrantha upAsakadazA kA viSaya zrAvakAcAra hI hai / pahale 'Ananda zrAvaka' adhyayana meM bAraha zrAvakavratoM ke antargata dvitIya guNavrata svarUpa sAtaveM upabhogaparibhogaparimANavrata ke aticAra ke rUpa meM pandraha karmAdAnoM kA nirdeza hai| kahA hai ki, 'kammao NaM samaNovAsaeNaM paNarasa oNla iMDiyA orieNTala kaoNnpharansa (AIOC) adhivezana 44, kurukSetra, julai 2008 meM paDhA gayA zodhapatra.
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________________ 38 anusandhAna 46 kammAdANAI jANiyavvAI, na samAyariyavvAiM, taM jahA - iMgAlakamme vaNakamme sADIkamme bhADIkamme phoDIkamme daMtavANijje lakkhavANijje rasavANijje visavANijje kesavANijje jaMtapIlaNakamme nilaMchaNakamme davaggidAvaNayA saradahatalAyasosaNayA asaIjaNaposaNayA / 2 ardhamAgadhI mUlasUtra 'Avazyaka' meM chaThe pratyAkhyAna adhyayana meM bhI upAsakadazA ke samAna hI karmAdAnoM kA vivaraNa hai / / tattvArthasUtra ke sAtaveM adhyAya ke solahaveM sUtra ke bhASya meM, azanapAna Adi kA parimANa karane ke lie kahA hai / svopajJa bhASya meM pandraha karmAdAnoM kA ullekha nahIM hai| siddhasenagaNikRta TIkA meM bhASya ke AdhAra se 'Adi' zabda ke antargata pandraha karmAdAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| vahA~ spaSTa kahA hai ki, 'pradarzanaM caitad bahusAvadyAnAM karmaNAM, na parigaNanamityAgamArthaH / ' isase spaSTa hotA hai ki tattvArthabhASya ke kAla meM (lagabhaga pA~cavI sadI) 15 karmAdAnoM kI kalpanA dRDhamUla nahIM thI / lekina siddhasenagaNi ke kAla taka (lagabhaga AThavI-navamI sadI) pandraha karmAdAnoM kI dhAraNA, upadeza tathA pravacanoM ke dvArA dRDha hotI calI hogI / isI vajaha se unhoMne pandraha karmAdAnoM kA parigaNana sarvasamAvezaka na hone kA jikra kiyA hogaa| AcArya haribhadra ne AThavI zatAbdI meM jaina mahArASTrI bhASA meM zrAvakadharma kA vivecana karanevAle zrAvakaprajJapti tathA zrAvakadharmavidhiprakaraNa nAma ke do svatantra grantha likhe haiM / tathA paMcAzaka aura paMcavastuka ina granthoM meM bhI zrAvakavratoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| ina sabhI granthoM meM unhoMne bhI pandraha karmAdAnoM kA aticAra ke rUpa meM hI prarUpaNa kiyA hai / tathApi spaSTataH uddhRta kiyA hai ki, 'bhAvArthastu vRddhasampradAyAdeva avaseyaH / ' pandraha karmAdAnoM kI ginatI sarvasamAvezaka nahIM hai, yaha darzAnevAlA tattvArthasUtrabhASya kI siddhasenagaNikRta TIkA kA hI uparokta vAkya haribhadra ne uddhRta kiyA karmAdAnoM kA suvistRta vivecana zrAddhapratikramaNasUtra kI ratnazekharasUrikRta TIkA meM upalabdha hai / ina pandraha karmAdAnoM se jur3e hue bahutase vyavasAyoM
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________________ Disembara 2008 kA vistRta vivecana ratnazekharasUri ne kiyA hai| vivecana ke bIca 'manusmRti', 'parajanoM ke dvArA kiyA huA niSedha' tathA 'laukikoM dvArA inakA mahApAtakatva' bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| anta meM anyAnya 'kharakarmoM kA bhI nirdeza hai / antimata: sarvAMgINa vratapAlana kI phalazruti bhI dI hai| isa samagra vivecana ke Upara brAhmaNa paramparA kA prabhAva spaSTataH dikhAyI detA hai / pandraha karmAdAnoM kA svarUpa : (a) karmAdAna zabda kA artha : bhagavatIsUtra kI TIkA ke anusAra, 'kammAdANAI' ti karmANi - jJAnAvaraNAdInyAdIyante yaistAni karmAdAnAni athavA karmANi ca tAnyAdAnAni ca - karmAdAnAni karmahetava iti vigrahaH / 6 arthAt aise karma athavA vyApAra jinase jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA prabala bandha hotA hai / bhagavatI meM spaSTa likhA hai ki ina karmAdAnoM kA sevana zrAvakoM ko na svayaM karanA cAhie, na dUsaroM se karAnA cAhie aura na karanevAle anya kisI kA anumodana yA samarthana karanA cAhie / (ba) pandraha karmAdAnoM kA spaSTIkaraNa : pandraha karmAdAnoM kA spaSTIkaraNa zrAddhapratikramaNasUtra kI TIkA meM nimnalikhita prakArase hai - (1) iMgAlIkamma (aGgArakarma) : kASThadAha se aMgAra banAnA, koyalA banAnA, bhADa meM IMTeM pakAnA, kumbhakAra, lohakAra, suvarNakAra Adi ke karmoM ko bhI aGgArajIvikA kahA hai / vaNakamma (vanakarma) : vana se sambandhita patra, puSpa, phala, kanda, mUla, taNa, kASTha tathA bAMsa Adi kA vikraya karanA, vanoM ko bADa lagAnA, bastI Adi ke lie jaMgala sApha karanA, jaMgala meM Aga lagAnA, dhAnya pIsanA Adi / (3) sADIkamma (vanakarma) : zakaTa arthAt bailagADI, ratha Adi banAkara becane kA dhandhA karanA / (4) bhADIkamma (bhATakakarma) : pazu, baila, azva Adi ko bhATaka
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________________ anusandhAna 46 (bhADe) para dene kA vyApAra karanA / (5) phoDIkamma (sphoTakakarma) : yava, caNaka, godhUma, karaDa Adi se sattU, dAlI, piSTa aura karamba Adi banAnA / kuA, sarovara Adi ke nirmANa ke lie khAna khodanA, patthara phoDanA, Adi vyavasAya krnaa| (6) daMtavANijja ( dantavANijya): hAthI ke dAMta, ullU ke nakha, haMsa ke paMkha, hirana-vyAghra Adi kA carma, zaMkha, zukti, kasturI Adi kA vyApAra karanA / (7) lakkhavANijja (lAkSAvANijya): lAkSA, dhAtakI, nIlI, manaHzilA, haritAla, paTavAsa, TaMkaNa, kSAra Adi kA vikraya karanA / (8) rasavANijja (rasavANijya): madhu, madya, mAMsa, mrakSaNa, dugdha, dadhi, ghRta, taila Adi kA vikraya karanA / (9) kesavANijja (kezavANijya): dAsa-dAsI evaM pazu Adi jIvita prANiyoM ke kraya-vikraya kA dhandhA karanA / (10)visavANijja (viSavANijya): viSa kA vikraya karanA tathA khaDga, kuddAla, hala Adi zastroM kA vikraya karanA / (11)jaMtapIlaNakamma (yantrapIDanakarma) : Ukhala-musala, arahaTTa Adi kA vikraya karanA, ikSa-sarSapa Adi se taila nikAlakara vikraya karanA tathA jalayantra Adi banAkara vikraya karanA / (12)nilaMchaNakamma (nirlAJchanakarma) : baila Adi ke zRMga-puccha Adi toDanA, nAsAvedha karanA, pazuoM kI tvacA para dAha karanA, baila Adi ko napuMsaka banAnA ina saba karmoM kI ginatI yahA~ kI hai ! (13) davaggidAvaNayA (davAgnidApana) : bhIla Adi vanoM ko davAgni dekara khuzI se rahate haiM / jamIna ko upajAU banAne ke lie jaMgala meM Aga lagAnA, jalAnA Adi kharakarmoM kA samAveza isameM kiyA hai| (14) saradahatalAyasosaNayA (saradrahataDAgazoSaNa) : bIja bone ke lie tAlAba, jhIla, sarovara, nadI Adi jalAzayoM ko sukhAnA /
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________________ Disembara 2008 (15) asaIjaNaposaNayA ( asatIjanapoSaNa ) : dhana kamAne ke lie aura vyabhicAravRtti ke lie vezyA, dAsI, napuMsaka Adi kA poSaNa karanA / zuka-sArikA - mArjAra-kukkuTa markaTa- zvAna - zUkara Adi kA poSaNa karanA / iMgAlI Adi karmAdAnoM se agnikAyika Adi ekendriyoM kI tathA sabhI SaDjIvanikAyoM kI hiMsA hotI hai / isalie ye karma niSiddha mAne gaye haiN| 41 karmAdAnoM ke svarUpa kI samIkSA : ina pandraha meM se danta - rasa- lakkha-visa aura kesa ina zabdoM ke sAtha hI 'vANijya' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / bAkI sabako sirpha 'karma' kahA hai| isase zAyada yaha sUcita hotA hai ki niSiddha vyavasAya ke rUpa meM ye pA~ca hI pramukhatA se apekSita hai / sAmAnyata: pandraha karmAdAnoM ko upabhogaparibhogaparimANavrata ke aticAra ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / anya zrAvakavratoM ke bhI pA~ca pA~ca aticAroM kI ginatI kI gayI hai| udAharaNa ke taura para sAmAyikavrata ke aticAra meM kahA hai ki agara sAmAyika karate samaya hama yaha bhUla gaye ki hama sAmAyika kara rahe haiM aura anya vicAra tathA kAma karane lage to yaha sAmAyikavrata kA aticAra huA / isapara kyA upAya hai ? jaba hameM khuda kA doSa mahasUsa huA to hama pratikramaNa Adi karake usa doSa se nivRtta ho sakate haiM aura svasvarUpa meM sthita ho sakate haiM / lekina karmAdAnoM ke bAre meM isa prakAra kI prakriyA hama nahIM kara sakate / agara hamArA ikSurasa banAne kA vyavasAya hai to hameM jAnanA cAhie ki yaha 'yantrapIDanakarma' hai| samajho ki hameM yaha saca mAlUma huA to pratikriyArUpa usa vyavasAya ko hI hamezA ke lie chor3a de yA hararoja usakA pratikramaNa karate raheM ? isa prakAra bahuta sAre karmAdAnoM ko 'aticAra' rUpa lene meM aDacaneM paidA hotI haiM / ve sulajhAne kA digdarzana isa zrAvakAcAra se nahIM milatA /
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________________ 42 anusandhAna 46 * lakar3iyoM kA vyavasAya, saMgamaramara kA vyavasAya, dAla banAne kA vyavasAya Adi vyavasAya jaina loga pIDhiyoM se karate A rahe haiN| ina vyavasAyoM meM ve lakaDI Adi dUsaroM se kaTavAte haiN| lekina karavAnA aura anumati denA, ye donoM to unako karanA hI par3atA hai / isalie tIna karaNa se aticArarahita honA saMbhava nahIM hai / yahI bAta bahuta sAre vyavasAyoM ke bAre meM kahI jA sakatI hai| koyalA banAnA, tela nikAlanA, auSadhI banAnA Adi vyavasAya niSiddha mAne haiM / jaina gRhastha ko koyalA (Adhunika kAla meM raoNkela, gaeNsa ityAdi), tela Adi kA upayoga rasoI banAne ke lie to karanA hI paDatA hai / isase yaha niSpanna hotA hai ki agara koyalA, tela Adi dUsaroM ne banavAyA to jaina zrAvaka vaha cIjeM upayoga meM lA sakate haiN| matalaba yaha huA ki usameM nihita hiMsA ke bhAgIdAra hama nahIM bananA cAhate / dUsaroM dvArA banAyI gayI cIjoM kA agara hama istemAla kara sakate haiM to khuda ko una cIjoM ko banAne kA yA becane kA niSedha tarkasaMgata nahIM lagatA / kisI bhI hiMsaka vRtti ke AdhAra para banAyI huI cIja agara hama pUrI hI tyaja deM to usakA vyavasAya niSiddha mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaise ki hastidaMta, mRgAjina, rezama Adi kA jaina loga sAmAnyata: tyAga karate haiM to unapara AdhArita vyavasAyoM ko niSiddha mAnanA ThIka hai| lekina hama zakkara, guDa, ATA, tela Adi saba roja istemAla karate haiM to usapara AdhArita vyavasAya niSiddha nahIM mAne jA sakate / ina karmAdAnoM meM 'kRSi' kA nirdeza nahIM hai / lekina hala, kudAla, jalayantra Adi kaSi ke aujAroM kA nirdeza hai| bha. RSabhadeva ke dvArA asi, masi, kRSi kA praNayana hone kI paramparA hone ke kAraNa isameM kRSi kA samAveza nahIM kiyA gayA hogaa| 'paramparA se pandraha karmAdAnoM kI jo sUci calatI AyI hai vaha sarvasamAvezaka nahIM hai' - isa tathya ko haribhadrasUri, siddhasenagaNi,
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________________ Disembara 2008 ratnazekharasUri jaise AcArya acchI taraha jAnate haiM / agara isa prakAra niSiddha vyavasAya anaginata haiM to unakI 'pandraha' saMkhyA nirdhArita karanA yuktiyukta nahIM hai / sAkSAt paMcendriyoM ke vadha para AdhArita vyavasAya na karane kA saMketa diyA hotA to vaha bhI kAphI hotA thA / Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki matsyavyavasAya, kasAIkhAnA calAnA Adi vyavasAyoM kA inameM niSedha ke taura para nirdeza nahIM hai / isakI sambhAvanA to yaha hogI ki ahiMsA kI pradhAnatA hone ke kAraNa koI bhI jainadharmI ise svAbhAvikatA se hI niSiddha samajhatA hogA / isI vajaha se alaga ginatI kI jarUrI nahIM lagI hogI / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM samAja ke sAmAnya stara ke kaI loga unake saMparka meM Ae / lakaDahAre, kumhAra, sunAra Adi ke ullekha AgamoM meM pAye jAte haiM / 9 AcArAMga meM spaSTa nirdeza hai ki ina saba logoM ke nivAsasthAna meM yA unake najadIka bha. mahAvIra Thaharate bhI the| inameM se kaI logoM ne zrAvakadIkSA bhI grahaNa kI thii| inameM se kisI ko bhI bha. mahAvIra ne unake niSiddha vyavasAya tyajane kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai / isa Agamika pramANa se yaha siddha hotA hai ki bha. mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM ina pandraha karmAdAnoM kI mAnyatA pracalita nahIM thI / koI bhI dharmapracAraka agara dharmAntara ke samaya logoM ko unakA paramparAgata vyavasAya choDane ko kahe to dharmaprasAra meM jarUra bAdhA utpanna hogI / bha. mahAvIra ke kAla meM to jaina dharma kA prasAra kAphI mAtrA meM huA thA / yaha eka sAmAjika tathya hai ki jisa jisa samaya jaina samAja para hindudharma kA prabhAva bar3hatA gayA usa samaya jaina AcAra meM hindu samAja meM pracalita mAnyatAoM kA jora baDhatA gayA / prAyaH sAtavIM zatAbdI se lekara bArahavIM zatAbdI taka hindu dharma kI jAtyAdhAra varNavyavasthA kA prabhAva jainoM para bhI paDA hogA / isI vajaha se brAhmaNoM ne jinako zUdroM ke tathA atizUdroM ke vyavasAya mAne the, unako jaina
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________________ 44 anusandhAna 46 paramparA ne bhI nimna darje ke vyavasAya samajhakara niSedha kiyA hogA / manusmRti ke anusAra sutAra, luhAra, kumhAra, svarNakAra logoM ko zUdra mAnA hai tathA cANDAla jaise logoM ko atizUdra mAnA hai / isI vajaha se iMgAlI, vaNa, danta, lAkSA, nillaMchaNa, davaggidAvaNayA Adi vyavasAya niSiddha vyavasAyoM ke taurapara mAne gaye hoMge / varNavyavasthA ke anusAra 'vaizya varNa' zUdra aura atizUdroM se ucca mAne gaye haiM / yahI dhAraNA pakaDakara zUdroM dvArA kiye gaye vyavasAyoM kA niSedha kiyA gayA hogA / zrAddhapratikramaNasUtra meM to sAkSAt manusmRti kA hI ullekha kiyA hai - sadyaH patati mAMsena, lAkSayA lavaNena ca / tryaheNa zUdrIbhavati, brAhmaNaH kSIravikrayAt // jaba taka yaha vyaktiniSTha aura choTe paimAne para calanevAle vyavasAya the taba taka ThIka thA / lekina Aja vividha yantroM kI, kArAgiroM kI madada se jaba hareka choTe vyavasAya kA udyoga ( Industry ) banane jA rahA hai taba ina vyavasAyoM kI ora uccanIcatA kI dRSTi se dekhane kI bhAvanA naSTa hotI jA rahI hai / isalie Adhunika pariprekSya meM zrAvakAcAra meM pandraha karmAdAnoM kI saMkalpanA kA aucitya prAyaH luptaprAya hI hai / prAcInatama jaina AgamoM meM gRhasthoM ke lie jo SaTkarma batAe~ haiM unameM asi, masi, kRSi, vidyA aura vANijya ke atirikta zilpa kA bhI ullekha hai / samavAyAMgasUtra meM bahattara kalAoM ke nAma bhI die haiM / 19 agara ina sabakA pracalana jaina samAja meM hogA to pandraha karmAdAnoM ko usameM koI avakAza hI nahIM hai / ye pandraha karmAdAna kaI bAra anyonyAzrita ho jAte haiM / isI vajaha se sandigdhatA bhI paidA hotI hai / 'rasavANijja' aura 'jaMtapIlaNa' inameM bheda karanA kaThina hai / yantrapIDana ke binA kisI bhI prakAra kA rasa yA tela saMbhava nahIM hai / vyavasAya ke taurapara yantrapIDana
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________________ Disembara 2008 atyAvazyaka hI hai / Ikha se guDa yA zakkara banAne ke lie Ikha kA yantrapIDana Avazyaka hai / tela nikAlane ke lie bhI yantrapIDana Avazyaka hai| rasavANijya meM mukhyataH madya kI ginatI kI hai| jaba sapta vyasanoM meM madya kA niSedha spaSTata: kiyA hai to yahA~ rasavANijya meM use antarbhUta karanA aTapaTA sA lagatA hai / rasavANijya agara niSiddha mAnA jAe to Adhunika pariprekSya meM sabhI prakAra ke jyUsa, jAma, jelI aura usapara AdhArita kaI vyavasAya saba niSedha kI koTi meM A jAyeMge / isa prakAra bahuta sAre vyavasAya niSiddha koTi meM DAlanA aucityapUrNa bhI nahIM hai aura vyAvahArika bhI nahIM hai / prAsuka bhikSA ke rUpa meM bha. RSabhadeva ne Ikha kA rasa grahaNa karane kI vidhi granthoM meM varNita hai| agara Ikha kA rasa svIkArya hai to usapara AdhArita vyavasAya niSiddha mAnanA tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| isI prakAra. 'davaggidAvaNayA' kA samAveza 'iMgAlakamma' aura 'vaNakamma' meM ho sakatA hai / 'sADIkamma' ko agara Adhunika pariprekSya se dekhA jAe to usameM sabhI prakAra ke vAhana banAne kA samAveza kiyA jA sakatA hai| purAne jamAne meM zAyada vAhanaprayoga se honevAlI hiMsA kA jikra karake vAhanaprayoga kA niSedha kiyA hogA / lekina purAne jamAne se hI jaina zrAvako ke dUra dUra ke dezoM meM jAkara vyApAra karane ke varNana AgamoM meM pAye jAte haiN| isalie zakaTakarma kA niSedha karanA bhI tarkasaMgata nahIM hai / vAhana, makAna Adi bhADe se dene kA vyavahAra purAne jamAne se hI jainoM meM pracalita hai / tathA paise byAjapara dene kA jaina samAja kA pIDhIjAta dhandhA hai| isa paristhiti meM 'bhATIkarma' ko niSiddha vyavasAya mAnanA bhI tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| * zrAvaka svadArasantoSavrata kA pAlana karatA hai isalie vezyAvyavasAya
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________________ 46 anusandhAna 46 I kA usake lie niSedha karanA tarkasaMgata lagatA hai| zrAddhapratikramaNasUtra meM zuka, sArikA, kukkuTa, mayUra, zvAna Adi kA ghara meM poSaNa na karane kA vidhAna isI karmAdAna ke antargata kiyA hai / Aja bhI kukkuTapAlana, matsyapAlana, azvapAlana Adi vyavasAya sAmAnyataH jainiyoM dvArA nahIM kiye jAte tathA ghara meM bhI totA, billI, kuttA Adi pAlane kI prathA kama hai / tiryaMcayonika jIvoM ko bandhana meM na DAlane kA saMketa jo isa karmAdAna meM nihita hai usIke prabhAva se jaina AcAra meM isa prakAra ke tiryaMcoM kA pAlana nahIM apanAyA hogA / 1 digambara granthoM meM pandraha karmAdAnoM kI parigaNanA kA abhAva : ardhamAgadhI yA jaina mAhArASTrI bhASA meM likhe hue zvetAmbara granthoM kI tulanA se digambara granthoM meM zrAvakAcAra ke Upara jyAdA mAtrA meM grantha upalabdha haiM / vasunandi zrAvakAcAra kA apavAda choDakara prAyaH sabhI grantha saMskRta meM haiM / ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, puruSArthasiddhyupAya, yazastilakacampU, amitagatizrAvakAcAra, sAgAradharmAmRta, dharmasaMgraha, zrAvakAcAra, lATIsaMhitA, Adi grantho ke nirIkSaNa ke bAda yaha tathya sAmane AyA kI unameM pandraha karmAdAnoM yA niSiddha vyavasAyoM kI ginatI kahIM bhI prastuta nahIM kI gayI hai / sAgAradharmAmRta grantha meM pandraha karmAdAnaviSayaka ullekha nimna prakAra se hai iti kecinna taccAru loke sAvadyakarmaNAm / agaNyatvAtpraNeyaM vA tadapyatijaDAn prati // 12 lATIsaMhitA meM ahiMsA aNuvratadhAraka zrAvakoM ko kaunase vyavasAya TAlane cAhie isakA digdarzana kiyA hai| phira bhI vetAmbara sAhitya kI taraha pandraha karmAdAnoM kI gaNanA nahIM kI hai / 13 digambara zrAvakAcAra meM ahiMsA aNuvrata ke pAlana ke lie hiMsAahiMsA kA vicAra, ArambhI hiMsA, udyogI hiMsA, saMkalpI hiMsA aura virodhI hiMsA isa rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / upajIvikA ke lie gRhastha ko udyoga, vyavasAya apanAne hote haiN| khetI, dukAna, makAna Adi meM hiMsA to hai hI, lekina jIvanAvazyaka hiMsA ko choDakara binA prayojana hiMsA kA tyAga gRhastha ke lie Avazyaka mAnA hai 114
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________________ Disembara 2008 digambara zrAvakAcAra meM pratimAoM ko kendrasthAna meM rakhakara zrAvakAcAra kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / usameM spaSTataH kahA gayA hai ki, ArambhatyAgapratimAdhArI zrAvaka ne sevA, kRSi, vANijya Adi gharasambandhI sampUrNa Arambha kA tyAga karanA cAhie / dasavIM pratidhAraka zrAvaka kisI bhI prakAra ke ArambhakArya ke lie anumati nahIM darzAtA / 15 zrAvaka jaba apanI AdhyAtmika pragati kI ora dhyAna dekara uttarottara AdarzabhUta AcAra kI tarapha bar3hatA hai taba kisI bhI prakAra ke vyavasAya kA usake lie niSiddha honA bilkula tarkasaMgata hai / sAgAradharmAmRta ke anusAra darzanapratimAdhArI zrAvaka ke lie kahA hai ki aSTamUlaguNoM ko nirmala karane ke lie zrAvaka madya, mAMsa, madhu aura makkhana Adi kA tyAga kareM, usakA kraya-vikraya na kareM tathA ina vyApAroM ko anumati bhI na de / 16 jina cIjoM kA zrAvaka ke lie tyAga kahA hai, una cIjoM ke vyApAra kA niSedha karanA tarkasaMgata hI hai / upasaMhAra aura niSkarSa : zvetAmbaroM ke pandraha karmAdAna yAne viziSTa vyavasAyoM ke niSedha kisa prakAra tarkasaMgata nahIM hai, yaha isake pahale isI zodhalekha meM batAyA hI hai| bahuta sArI tArkika visaMgatiyA~ hone ke kAraNa zAyada digambaroM ne sAmAnya zrAvaka ke lie pandraha karmAdAnoM kA niSedha nahIM pratipAdita kiyA hogA / digambara aura zvetAmbaroM ke bahuta sAre bheda abhyAsakoM ne prastuta kie hai / unameM pandraha karmAdAnoM kA yaha muddA bhI lakSaNIya hai| jijJAsu isa para adhika gaura kareM / pratyeka dharma ke do aMza hote haiM / jo tattvAdhAra aMza hote haiM ve dharma ke kendrasthAna meM rahate haiM aura ve trikAlAbAdhita hote haiM / jo AcArAtmaka yA karmakANDAtmaka hote haiM ve bAhya aMza hote haiM, ve kAlasApekSa tathA parivartanazIla hote haiM / AcArAMga ke samaya pandraha karmAdAnoM kI saMkalpanA nahIM dikhAyI detI hai| madhyayugIna sadiyoM meM brAhmaNadharma ke prabhAva se vyavasAyoM kI ora uccanIcatA kI dRSTi se dekhane kI pravRtti baDha gayI / kAla ke parivartana ke sAtha samAja meM parivartana hue / jaba jAti-jAtiyoM meM uccanIcatA
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________________ 48 anusandhAna 46 nahIM rahI taba vyavasAyoM meM bhI nahIM rahI / isalie ina karmAdAnoM meM se jo vyavasAya Adhunika sAmAjika mAnyatAoM se mela nahIM khAte unako niSiddha mAnanA tarkasaMgata nahIM hai / isI vajaha se digambarIyoM ne isa kalpanA ko kabhI jyAdA mahattva nahIM diyA hai / ina niSiddha vyavasAyoM kA svarUpa dekhakara hama isa natIje para pahu~cate haiM ki inameM se jyAdAtara vyavasAya pratyakSa vyavahAra meM, purAne jamAne meM bhI niSiddha nahIM the, Aja bhI niSiddha nahIM hai aura bhaviSyakAla meM to bilkula niSiddha nahIM hoMge / maMdiramArgI, sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI jainiyoM meM dainandina rUpa meM pandraha karmAdAnoM kI ginatI raTane kA jo paripATha hai, usakI cikitsaka dRSTi se samIkSA honI cAhie / isI uddeza se yaha zodhanibandha likhA hai / sandarbha bhagavatI 8.5.13 (8.242) upAsakadazAsUtra 51 3. AvazyakasUtra 79 (2) 4. zrAvakaprajJapti pR. 288; zrAvakadharmavidhiprakaraNam pR. 82 zrAddhapratikramaNasUtra pR. 121 a- 122 ba 5. bhagavatITIkA pR. 372 ba 7-9 bhagavatI 8.5.13 (8.242) 1. 2. 7. 8. 9. 10. AcArAMga 2. 2.36 11. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna pR. 284 12. sAgAradharmAmRta adhyAya 5 - zloka 23 13. lATIsaMhitA sarga 4 - zloka 177-183 14. jaina jJAnakoza khaMDa 4 pR. 437 zrAddhapratikramaNasUtra pR. 121 a 122 ba upAsakadazA-sasama adhyayana 15. vasunandi - zrAvakAcAra gAthA 298, gAthA 300 16. sAgAradharmAmRta adhyAya 3 zloka 9
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________________ Disembara 2008 sandarbha-grantha-sUci 1. AcArAMga (AyAra) : aMgasuttANi 1, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), vi.saM. 2031 2. AvazyakasUtra (Avassayasutta) : mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI, 1977 3. upAsakadazA (uvAsagadasA) : aMgasuttANi 3, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), vi.saM. 2031 4. jaina jJAnakoza (bhAga-4) : saM. ajJAta, mAtozrI caturabAI jaina granthamAlA TrasTa, auraMgAbAda, vi.saM. 2040 tattvArthAdhigamasUtra : umAsvAti, svopajJabhASyasahita, siddhesanagaNikRta TIkA, de.lA.jai.pu., sUrata, 1930 bhagavatI (bhagavaI) : aMgasuttANi 2, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), vi.saM. 2031 7. bhagavatIsUtraTIkA : abhayadevasUri, Agamodaya samiti, ratalAma, nirNayasAgara presa, muMbaI, 1919 8. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna : saM. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, bhopAla, 1962 zrAddhapratikramaNasUtram : ratnazekharasUrikRta TIkAsahita, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, muMbaI, 1919 10. zrAvakadharmavidhiprakaraNam : haribhadrasUri, saM. caturavijayamuni, jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1924 11. zrAvakaprajJapti (sAvayapaNNatti) : haribhadrasUri, saM. bAlacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1981 12. zrAvakAcAra saMgraha : (khaMDa 1 se 4) saM. paM. hIrAlAla siddhAntAlaMkAra, phalaTaNa, 1976 gItagoviMda hausiMga sosAyaTI, 'bI' bilDIMga, 559/A-5 maharSinagara, puNe-411037 phona : (020) 24260663