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________________ RumshaniranAA AAIIAAJANARDAAKAAMIRAAMAN ARTHARRAIMARAANABAJANAKARAM.AAAAAJLAMAAJANAGAROO HIpravara abhiyAAnanda anya mA pravayava abha zrIAnanda anya / DA0 mukuTabihArIlAla agravAla ema0 esa-sI0, pI-eca0 DI0 [sahAyaka prophesara-balavaMta vidyApITha, rUrala insTITyUTa bicapurI (AgarA) gaNita evaM vijJAna sambandhI aneka pustakoM ke lekhaka] "ONA jaina sAhitya meM kSetra-gaNita yaha satya hai ki bhAratavarSa meM kSetra-gaNita kA prAdurbhAva zulva-sUtroM (IsA se lagabhaga 3000 varSa pUrva) se hI huA hai| ina sUtroM meM yajJa-vediyoM ke banAne kI vidhiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha varga, samacaturbhuja, samabAhu samalambacaturbhuja, Ayata, samakoNa tribhuja, samadvibAha samakoNa tribhuja Adi AkRtiyoM ke ullekha bhI darzanIya haiN| vaidika paramparA meM bhI kSetra-gaNita kI jhalaka 'vedAMga jyotiSa' Adi jyotiSa ke granthoM meM dekhane ko milatI hai| parantu jaina-granthoM meM kSetra-gaNita ke sambandha meM jaina-darzana ke varNana para vizeSa sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| ina granthoM meM loka kA svarUpa vaNita pAyA jAtA hai aura usa nimitta se sUrya, candra va nakSatra tathA dvIpa, samudra Adi ke vivaraNoM meM kSetra gaNita kI nAnA AkRtiyoM kA pracuratA se upayoga kiyA gayA hai| 'sUryaprajJapti,' 'candraprajJapti' evaM 'jambUdvIpaprajJapti' nAmaka upAMgoM meM tathA 'tiloyapaNNati', 'SaTakhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA' evaM 'gommaTasAra' va 'trilokasAra' tathA unakI TIkAoM meM kSetra-gaNita kA pracura mAtrA meM prayoga pAyA jAtA hai aura vaha bhAratIya prAcIna gaNita ke vikAsa ko samajhane ke liye bar3A mahattvapUrNa hai| 'SaTkhaNDAgama' meM to isa para 'kSetra-gaNita' nAma se eka bar3A bhAga upalabdha hai| itanA hI nahIM jainAcAryoM ke dvArA praNIta gaNita ke svataMtra grantha apanA viziSTa mahattva banAye haye haiN| ina granthoM meM kSetra-gaNita para vyApaka cintana evaM manana darzanIya hai| uddharaNataH mahAvIrAcArya (850 I0) kA 'gaNitasArasaMgraha' aura umAsvAti kA 'kSetrasamAsa' / yahI kAraNa hai ki kSetra-gaNita ko atyadhikopayogI samajhate huye hI 'sUtrakRtAMga'' meM isako 'gaNita-saroja' kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai| kSetroM ke prakAra 'sUryaprajJapti'2 (300 I0pU0) meM ATha prakAra ke caturbhujoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM-samacaturasra, viSamacaturasra, samacatuSkoNa, viSamacatuSkoNa, samacakravAla, viSamacakravAla, cakrArdhacakravAla aura cakrAkAra / LNAV B0 samacaturana citra 1 viSama caturastra citra 2 samacatuSkoNa citra 3
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________________ viSama catuSkoNa citra 4 trisra citra 6 viSama cakravAla citra 6 cakrArdha cakravAla cakrAkAra citra 7 citrapa pro0 vebara ne uparokta nAmoM kI vyAkhyA karake unake nAma kramazaH isa prakAra likhe haiM 3varga, viSamakoNa samacaturbhuja, Ayata, samAntara caturbhuja, vRtta, dIrghavRtta, ardhadIrghavRtta aura gole kA khaNDa | 'bhagavatI sUtra' aura 'anuyogadvArasUtra " Adi meM pA~ca prakAra kI AkRtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai -- citra 10 jaina sAhitya meM kSetra - gaNita O samacakravAla citra 5 AcArya prava zrI Anandana Ayata 423 citra 11 Fo Vo AAAALAJAS abhinaMdana AAnandaH granthaH grantha
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________________ 2.M OVIE wwwwwwwwwwmarvavramanantimom - 424 dharma aura darzana CREEN MAR vRtta citra 12 parimaNDala citra 13 UPA tribhuja, caturbhuja, Ayata, vRtta aura dIrghavRtta (Ellipse) / ina AkRtiyoM ke liye una granthoM meM kramazaH ye nAma likhate haiM :-trisra, catusra, Ayata, vRtta tathA parimaNDala / ina kSetroM ke pratara aura dhana-ye do bheda batAkara 'anuyogadvArasUtra' meM bar3I sUkSma carcA kI hai / ghanatriyasra, dhanacatusra, dhanAyata, ghanavRtta tathA ghanaparimaNDala kA Azaya kramazaH tribhujAkAra sucIstambha, ghana, AyatAkAra Thosa, golA aura dIrghavRttAkAra belana se hai| inakI AkRtiyAM isa prakAra haiM RE COM ghanAyata ghanatriyasra citra 14 ghanacatusra citra 15 citra 16 ghanaparimaNDala ghanavRtta citra 17 citra 18
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________________ jaina sAhitya meM kSetra-gaNita 425 ___isake atirikta vRttAkAra, tribhujAkAra aura caturbhujAkAra valaya kA bhI ullekha jaina granthoM meM upalabdha hai| ina AkRtiyoM ko jaina sAhitya meM kramazaH valayavRtta, valayatrisra aura valaya catusra ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai / ye AkRtiyAM nimna AkAra kI haiM : 0 AMA) OADA jaya valayavatta citra 16 valayatritra citra 20 valayacatursa citra 21 'gaNitasArasaMgraha' nAmaka grantha meM tribhuja, caturbhuja tathA vakrarekhIya AkRtiyoM kA varNana milatA hai| isameM tribhuja ke tIna prakAra kI carcA kI hai jo bhujAoM ke vicAra se hai| koNoM ke vicAra se tribhujoM kA bheda nahIM kiyA hai, yadyapi samakoNa tribhuja kA gaNita avazya milatA hai| isake anusAra tribhuja nimnaprakAra ke haiM-- . 1. samatribhuja (samatribAhu tribhuja) 2. dvisamatribhuja (samadvibAhu tribhuja) 3. viSama tribhuja (viSamabAhu tribhuja) samatribhuja citra 22 dvisamatribhuja citra 23 viSama tribhuja citra 24 UTa 'gaNitasArasaMgraha' meM caturbhuja ke pAMca prakAra batalAye haiM jo isa prakAra haiM 1. samacaturasra (varga) 2. dvidvi samacaturasra (Ayata) 3. dvisamacaturasra (samalamba caturbhuja jisakI do asamAntara bhujAyeM samAna lambAI kI hoM) / 4. trisamacaturasra (samalamba caturbhuja jisakI tIna bhujAyeM samAna lambAI kI hoM) 5. viSamacaturasra (sAdhAraNa caturbhuja) r aumaaJARJATAJANAutnawwwesmadutODMRUARJASAAAAAAAAADINAMAPANIPALAAJAAAAI AcArgapravarasAjanaAcArya AtramA
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________________ ....Anir- AnuraaNMAARJAAAAPaneRAMKARANaircularuantanARJAIAALARAMAdmdahanudra AcArya pravA ANi AcAryapravara bhika zrAAnandamayanyAADa abhinandana 426 dharma aura darzana E ICzars -TED samacaturastra citra 25 dvidvi samacaturasra citra 26 dvisamacaturastra citra 27 trisamacaturasra viSama caturasra citra 28 citra 26 mahAvIrAcArya ne vakrarekhIya AkRtiyAM nimnalikhita ATha prakAra kI varNita kI haiMsamavRtta, arddhavRtta, AyatavRtta (dIrghavRtta), kambukAvRtta (zaMkhAkAra kSetra), nimnAvRtta (avatalavRttIya kSetra jaise homavedI kA agnikuMDa), uttalavRttIya kSetra jaise kachuve kI pITha), bahizcakravAla vRtta aura antazcakravAla vRtta / samavRtta cica 30 ardhavRtta citra 31 AyatavRtta citra 32 rce kambukAvRta (zakha ke AkAra kI AkRti) nimnAvRtta citra 34 unnatAvRtta citra 35 citra 33
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________________ ba vahizrakavAlavRtta citra 36 isake atirikta 'gaNitasArasaMgraha' grantha meM 'hastadanta kSetra' kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / 6 (citra 38 ) mahAvIrAcArya ne aisI kaI anya AkRtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jinakA vivecana unase pahale kisI anya hindU gaNitajJa ne nahIM kiyA hai / ve AkRtiyAM ye haiM 7 - yavAkArakSetra ( jau ke AkAra kA kSetra ), murajAkAra kSetra ( mRdaMgAkAra kSetra), paNavAkAra kSetra, vajrAkAra kSetra, ubhayaniSedha kSetra, eka niSedha kSetra tathA saMspRzI tIna aura cAra vRttoM dvArA sImita kSetra / ina AkRtiyoM ke AkAra nimna prakAra haiM -- Ge pa 2 hastadanta kSetra citra 38 paNavAkArakSetra citra 41 eka niSedha AkRti citra 44 jaina sAhitya meM kSetra - gaNita vajrAkAra kSetra citra 42 B yavAkArakSetra citra 36 O saMspRzI tIna vRttavAlA kSetra citra 45 aMtazcakravAla vRtta citra 37 427 murajAkArakSetra citra 40 ubhayaniSedha AkRti citra 43 && saMspRzI cAra vRtta vAlA kSetra citra 46 OM 30 AcArya prava997 an zrI Ananda
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________________ AANKala....... AcAryapravaaal zrIAnandagrantha zrIAnandakantha amwww.nawamerammm 428 dharma aura darzana bAha 1 kSetroM kI nApane kI ikAIyA~ 'anuyogadvArasUtra' meM nApane kI tIna ikAIyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai-sUcyAMgRla, pratarAMgula aura ghanAMgula / ye tInoM kramazaH lambAI, kSetraphala aura Ayatana nApane kI ikAIyA~ haiM / vRttagaNita sambandhI zabda 'tatvArthAdhigamasUtra bhASya' meM vRtta gaNita sambandhI zabdoM kA ullekha milatA hai / yathA-vRtta parikSepa (paridhi), jyA (jIvA), viSakambha (vyAsa), iSu (vANa), dhanuSakASTha'0 (cA tathA viSakammA 12 (arddhavyAsa) / vRttagaNita ke sUtra 'tatvArthAdhigamasUtrabhASya' meM nimnalikhita chaH sUtra upalabdha haiN| 1 vRtta kI paridhi =V10 vyAsa 2. vRtta kA kSetraphala = paridhi X vyAsa 3. jIvA =V4 vANa (vyAsa-vANa) 4. vANa = (vyAsa-VvyAsa-jIvA') 5. dhanuSa =16 vANa+jIvA ___ (vANa+1 jIvA') 6. vyAsa vANa 'tiloyapaNNati' meM dhanuSa, jIvA, vANa, pArzvabhujA Adi ke pramANa nikAlane ke liye nimnalikhita sUtra milate haiM paridhi14 =V10xvyAsa' dhanuSa'5 = 2 (vyAsa+vANa):- (vyAsa) ra vyAsa vyAsa jIvA 71 vANa' = -144] 2 dhanuSa, vANa aura jIvA meM nimnalikhita sambandha haiM-17 (dhanuSa) =6 (vANa) + (jIvA)' nl pAzvaM rekhA jIvA. bANa / dhanuSa citra 47 citra 48 jIvA vyAsa jIvA = (vyAsa)-(vyAsa-vANa) 'vyAsa -vANa 2
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________________ jaina sAhitya meM kSetra-gaNita zaMkuchinnaka kI pArzva bhujA' == V (P-4)+he +vANa 2 jabaki D= bhUmi kA vyAsa, d=mukha kA vyAsa aura h=U~cAI hai| 'jambUdvIpaNNatti' meM vRtta sambandhI nimnalikhita sUtra milate haiM1. vRtta kI paridhi20 =v10 viSkambha 2. vRtta kA viSkambha21 jIvA 2 .4 vANa 3. dhanuSa kI pArzva bhUjA22 bar3A cApa-choTA cApa 4. jIvA23 =V4 (viSkambha-vANa)x vANa 5. dhanuSa24 =v6 (vANa) + (jIvA) 6. vANa25 =/ (dhanuSa) - (jIvA) 6 vANa ke liye eka sUtra aura diyA jo viSkambha aura jIvA jJAta hone para prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| 26 7. vANa viSkambha-V (viSkambha) - (jIvA) 8. zaMkuchinnaka kI pArzva bhujA kI lambAI ___-V (D-4)+ jabaki D=bhUmi kA vyAsa,d=mukha kA vyAsa aura h=U~cAI hai| 'gaNitasArasaMgraha' meM vRtta sambandhI gaNita ke antargata dhanuSa, vANa tathA DorI ke sannikaTa evaM sUkSma mAna nikAlane ke sUtra diye haiN|28 yahAM para 'DorI' zabda jIvA ke liye prayoga kiyA hai| 1. dhanuSa kI sannikaTa lambAI=15 (vANa) + (DorI) 2. dhanuSa kI sUkSma lambAI =V6 (vANa) (DorI)' %ER 3. vANa kI sannikaTa lambAI=/ (dhanuSa) - (DorI) 4. vANa kI sUkSma lambAI =/ (dhanuSa) - (DorI) 5. DorI kI sannikaTa lambAI=(dhanuSa)2-5(vANa) 6. DorI kI sUkSma lambAI =V (dhanuSa):--6(vANa) 10vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya nemicandra ne 'trilokasAra' meM samapArzva, zaMkU, sUcIstambha tathA gole kA varNana kiyA hai / 26 AcAprati AcAryapravara Aja HanumanJALAAMANASAKARuwannaCSADABALAJal bhIAnanda zrAAnanda wayra
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________________ AyAryapravara abhinaMdana AAnanda anya VO www 430 dharma aura darzana 'trilokasAra' meM vRtta sambandhI gaNita sUtra isa prakAra milate haiM paridhi kA sannikaTa mAna - 3 X vyAsa V10 vyAsa 9/16 ( varga kI bhujA ), jabaki vRtta, varga ke samakSetrIya hai / == 4 vANa ( vyAsa - vANa ) paridhi kA sUkSma mAna vRtta kI trijyA ( jIvA ) 2 ( dhanuSa ) : vyAsa vANa == ( dhanuSa ) 2 - 6 ( vANa ) 6 ( vANa ) 2 + ( jIvA ) " = 4 vANa (( vyAsa + ( jIvA ) 2 + 4 (vANa) * 4 vANa (jIvA ) * + (2 vANa ) " 4 vANa ( dhanuSa ) 2 2 vANa -- vANa vANa 2 ( dhanuSa ) - 6 - ( jIvA ) 2 kA mAna - bhinna-bhinna samayoM meM logoM ne ya ke bhIga ke vibhinna mAna dRSTigocara hote haiM / = 1 / 2 [ vyAsa - V (vyAsa) ==V ( vyAsa ) " + 1/2 ( dhanuSa 'sUrya prajJapti' 39 meM kA mAna V10 prayoga 'bhagavatI sUtra'33 meM bhI kA mAna 10 kAma meM mAna V10 aura 3 16 haiN| sUtra 82 va 109 meM to kA mAna 3 16 hai / -0 - -- vyAsa ) 2 - vibhinna mAna mAne haiN| jaina granthoM meM - ( jIvA ) " } kiyA gayA hai / 'jyotiSkaraNDaka' 32 aura lAyA gayA hai / 'jIvAbhigamasUtra' meM kA V 10 mAnA hai parantu sUtra 112 meM 'tatvArthAdhigamasUtra' 34 meM 7 kA mAna V10 mAnA gayA hai / 'jambUdvIpaprajJapti' 35 tathA 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra 36 meM kA mAna 3 se kucha adhika ( triguNaM savizeSam ) mAnA hai / 'tiloyapaNNatti' 37 meM bhI kA mAna V 10 liyA gayA hai / dhavalAkAra vIrasenAcArya ne ga kA mAna 355 / 113 mAnA hai jo sarvadA vilakSaNa evaM zuddha hai / digambara grantha 'lokaprakAza' 35 ( lagabhaga 1651 I0 ) meM ga kA mAna milatA hai / 19 6 mahAvIrAcArya ne 'gaNitasArasaMgraha' 38 meM 7 kA mAna kevala 3 mAnakara sthUla kriyA kI hai parantu sUkSma kArya ke liye 10 mAnA hai / 'trilokasAra' meM bhI AcArya nemicandra 40 ne sthUla kArya ke liye ya kA mAna 3 tathA sukSma kArya ke liye V 10 mAnA hai /
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________________ jaina sAhitya meM kSetra- gaNita 431 'trilokasAra' meM kA mAna ( 16 / 9 ) 2 bhI milatA hai / 41 usameM likhA hai - "yadi kisI vRtta kI trijyA ho aura vaha vRtta va bhujA vAle varga ke barAbara ho to hotA hai / " ataH (16/9)2 kSetraphala sambandha sUtra 'tattvArthAdhigamasUtrabhASya' meM vRtta ke kSa etraphala ke liye nimna sUtra milatA hai-42 vRtta kA kSetraphala = 1/4 paridhi X vyAsa 'tiloyapaNNatti' meM kSetraphala sambandhI nimna sUtra milate haiM- samalamba caturbhuja kA kSetraphala 43 mukha + bhUmi 2 vRtta kA kSetraphala 44 = paridhi X valaya ke AkAra kI AkRti kA kSetraphala 45 = 10 d2 citra 46 - X samAntara rekhAoM ke bIca kI dUrI citra 50 vyAsa 4 * ( bAharI vyAsa ) 2 4 ( bhItarI byAsa) dhanuSAkAra kSetra kA kSetraphala 46 = V X vANa X jIvA zaMkhAkAra AkRti kA kSetraphala 47 = -[(vistAra)' - (pula)+(ga)']x3/4 ny 2 4 AND E CO phra sAmAni dala Amadana AAnaMda ana grantha zrI
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________________ - - worthyam LY AcAryaprasAdhanAcAryaprasAda zrIAnandAandha92zrIAnandamantha / 432 dharma aura darzana 'jambUdvIvapaNNati' meM valayAkAra AkRti kSetraphala ke liye vibhinna sUtra diye haiM jo isa prakAra haiM-48 valayAkAra kSetra kA kSetraphala = [2d.- (d.-d.)]]( )x10] jabaki dh=bAharI vyAsa tathA d, bhItarI vyAsa hai| 'gaNitasAra saMgraha' meM kSetraphala ke sambandha meM AcArya ne do prakAra ke kSetraphala kA varNana kiyA hai-sannikaTa aura sUkSma / yathA-sambhava pratyeka AkRti ke donoM hI prakAra ke kSetraphala-nikAlane ke sUtra diye haiM jo nimnalikhita haiM tribhuja kA sannikaTa kSetraphala = 1/2 X AdhAra X bAjU kI donoM bhujAoM kA yogaphala tribhUja kA sUkSma kSetraphala 0 =Vma(ma ---a) (ma-ba) ma-sa) jabaki ma tribhuja kI ardhaparimiti tathA a, ba, sa tribhuja kI tInoM bhujAyeM haiM / dUsarA niyamatribhuja kA sUkSma kSetraphala 51 = AdhAra X lamba 2 caturbhuja kA sannikaTa kSetraphala52_a-+saba+da 2 2 caturbhuja kA sUkSma kSetraphala 53 = V(ma-a) (ma - ba) (ma-sa) (ma --da) jabaki a, ba, sa aura da caturbhuja kI cAroM bhujAe~ aura ma arddha parimiti hai / dUsare niyama ke anusAra caturbhuja kA sUkSma kSetraphala54 ___ ba+da yA 2 Xla IRAM jabaki ba AdhAra, da usake sAmane kI bhujA aura la, da se ba para DAlA gayA lamba hai| nemikSetra (kaMkaNasadRza) AkRti55 kA sannikaTa kSetraphala 56 = (pa, +.) X la nemikSetra AkRti kA sUkSma kSetraphala57=15 pa24 la XV 10 6 IP ja jabaki pa, bAharI paridhi para-bhItarI paridhi la =kaMkaNa kI caur3AI hai| hAthI ke dAMta kA sUkSma kSetraphala58 _pa, +12 x baX/10 12 (isake liye citra 38 dekheM) citra 51 vRtta kA sannikaTa kSetraphala-isameM 7 kA sannikaTa mAna 3 liyA gayA hai| ataH yadi vyAsa a ho to
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________________ jaina sAhitya meM kSetra-gaNita 433 vRtti ko sannikaTa paridhi =3a ./a aura vRtta kA sannikaTa kSetraphala=3 -1 =3re S jaba ki a/2 =r==vRtta kI trijyA (AN arbuvRtta kI sannikaTa paridhi= aura arddha'vRtta kA kSetraphala = GST vRtta kA sUkSma kSetraphala -isameM 7 kA mAna V10 liyA gayA hai| paridhi kA sUkSma mAna=v10X vyAsa vRtta kA kSetraphala-paridhi vyAsa _1/paridhi vyAsa aura arddhavRtta kA kSetraphala= 24 AyatavRtta (Ellipse) kA kSetraphala-yadi Ayatavata kI bar3I aura choTI akSi (Semi axes) kramazaH a aura b hoM to AyatavRtta kA sannikaTa kSetraphala 1=2X (2a+b)xb/2 =2ab+b' AyatavRtta kI sUkSma paridhi62 =/6b+4a2 aura AyatavRtta kA sUkSma kSetraphala =1 bxv6b+4 zaMkhAkAra AkRti kA kSetraphala-AcArya mahAvIra dvArA ullekhita zaMkhAkAra AkRti, tiloyapaNNati meM vaNita zaMkhAkAra AkRti se bhinna hai / yadi zaMkhAkAra AkRti kA vyAsa a aura mukha kI mApa m ho to parimiti kI sannikaTa mApa64 =31 3 / m aura sannikaTa kSetraphala 65 = [(a-m)]x+ () zaMkhAkAra AkRti kI sUkSma parimiti | 10 tathA sUkSma kSetraphala 10 =[{ (e-m) } } +(M)]/10 nimnAvRtta aura unnatAvRtta ke taloM kA kSetra8-yadi p chedIyavRtta (kinAra) kI paridhi aura b vyAsa ho to kSetraphala kSetraphala = Pxb MAJanuALIuadrinaARAJJARASADARAJaanweadmaavarARSANILIAAIN SARASTRARANAGORAINMainiromanias HIm HIROINIyAtra ONAL 4AL 604
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________________ sAyAma zrAAnandamayanthazrAAnandAandha51 434 dharma aura darzana bahizcakravAlavRtta tathA antacakravAlavRtta kA kSetraphala-yadi bhItarI vyAsa b aura kaMkaNa kI lambAI ho to bAharI kaMkaNa kA sannikaTa kSetraphala 6-3(b+ror =3br+3rd bhItarI kaMkaNa kA sannikaTa kSetraphala. =3(b-rr =3brantazcakravAla vRtta tathA vahizcakravAla vRtta pUrva vaNita nemikSetra se milate haiM / ataH vaha niyama jo nemikSetra ke kSetraphala ko jJAta karane ke liye haiM, uparokta niyamoM se bilakula milate haiM kyoMki-nemikSetra ke kSetraphala ke niyama se-- citra 52 citra 53 3b+3(b+2r). bahizcakravAla vRtta kA kSetraphala 2 ___3br+3br+6r 2 6br+6r 2 = 3br+3r yahA~ para 7 kA mAna 3 liyA gayA hai| bAharI kaMkaNa kA sUkSma kSetraphala = (b+r)xrxv10 aura bhItarI kaMkar3a kA sUkSma kSetraphala 2= (b-r)xrxv10 vRtta kI paridhi, vyAsa aura kSetraphala nikAlane ke liye niyama, jaba kSetraphala, paridhi aura vyAsa kA yoga diyA ho--73 yadi p vatta kI parighi aura 1 =3 liyA gayA ho to vyAsa- aura kSetraphala --- 3 P yadi paridhi, vyAsa aura kSetraphala kA yoga=m ho to DER ya ___P+3+3g=m ... P = 112m+64-8 yava, muraja, paNava aura vajra ke AkAra kA sannikaTa kSetraphala "anta aura madhya mApa ke yoga kI addharAzi ko lambAI dvArA guNita karane para kSetraphala prApta hotA hai|"74
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________________ jaina sAhitya meM kSetra-gaNita uparokta niyama isa mAnyatA para AdhArita haiM ki pratyeka sImAvartI vakra rekhA una sarala rekhAoM ke yoga ke barAbara hai jo vakoM ke siroM (choroM athavA antoM) ko madhya bindra ke milAne se prApta hotI hai| mRdaMgAkAra, paNavAkAra aura bajrAkAra AkRtiyoM ke sUkSma kSetraphala "mahattama lambAI ko mukha kI caur3AI dvArA guNita karane para jo prApta ho aise pariNAmI kSetraphala meM sambandhita dhanuSAkRtiyoM ke kSetraphaloM ke mAna ko jor3ane para yoga mRdaMga ke AkAra kI AkRti ke kSetraphala kA mApa hotA hai|" 75 "paNava aura vajra kI AkRti ke kSetraphala prApta karane ke liye mahattama lambAI aura mukha kI caur3AI ke guNanaphala se prApta kSetraphala meM dhanuSAkRti ke kSetraphala ko ghaTA dete haiN|" ubhayaniSedha evaM ekaniSedha kSetra kA kSetraphala kisI caturbhuja ko usake donoM vikarNoM dvArA cAra tribhUjoM meM bA~Ta dene para aura phira do sammukha bhujAoM ko haTAne para prApta AkRti ubhayaniSedha kSetra kahalAtI hai| yadi kevala eka tribhuja haTAyA jAya to prApta AkRti eka niSedhakSetra kahalAtI hai| yadi ubhayaniSedha kI lambAI / aura caur3AI b hai to kSetraphala=lb-11b eka niSedha AkRti kA kSetraphala=b-11b. bahuvidhavajra AkAra kA sannikaTa kSetraphala77 yadi bhujAoM kI mApoM ke yoga kI AdhIrAzi ' ho aura bhujAoM kI saMkhyA n ho to kSetraphala = x", hotA hai| yaha sUtra tribhuja, caturbhuja, SaTbhuja aura vRtta ko ananta bhujAoM kI AkRti mAnakara unake sambandha meM vyAvahArika kSetraphala kA mAna detA hai| niyamita SaTbhuja ke karNa, lamba aura kSetraphala ke sUkSma mAna 8 karNa --- 2a lamba= V3a aura kSetraphala= 13 a jahA~ a SaTbhuja kI eka bhujA hai| saMsparzIvRttoM dvArA samiti kSetra kA kSetraphala __ yadi arddha parimiti S aura bhujAoM kI saMkhyA n ho, to vRttoM dvArA sImita kSetra kA kSetraphala= Exn-1 ) hotA hai| isakA spaSTIkaraNa nimna udAharaNoM dvArA hai| _ n st . udAharaNArtha prazna 1-cAra samAnavRtta jinameM se pratyeka kA vyAsa 9 hai eka dUsare ko sparza karate haiN| batalAo unase dhire hue kSetra kA kSetraphala kyA hai| hala-isa prazna meM (citra 46 ke anusAra) cAroM vRttoM kA vyAsa sparza binduoM meM se gujArane para caturbhuja bana jAtA hai / isa caturbhuja kI parimiti 4x9=36 huI aura bhujAoM kI saMkhyA 4 hai| anamaANMARKAJALALAAINAJARAJAJANMARATHI MANANGIJNAAMANAJPARIAAINAMASALA AcArgaprazAsanAcAryapravara bhika zrIAnandA zrAAnandA anya mew
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________________ MadaananaAJANncelandin nimar wwin-riwaaaaamanam worrhemamrit waryaanvi 436 dharma aura darzana ataH abhISTa sImita kSetra kA kSetraphala -[3()-4-1] =20+ prazna 2-tIna vRtta, jinake vyAsa kI mApa 6, 5 aura 4 hai eka-dUsare ko sparza karate haiN| batalAo ina vRttoM dvArA ghire huye kSetra kA kSetraphala kyA hai|81 hala-isa prazna meM (citra 45 ke anusAra) tInoM vRttoM ke vyAsa sparza binduoM meM se gujArane para AABC banatA hai / isa A kI parimiti=6+5+4=15 huI aura bhujAoM kI saMkhyA 3 hai| ataH vRttoM dvArA ghire huye kSetra kA kSetraphala = [1 )x351] ==xxxx = 3 dhanuSAkAra AkRti kA sannikaTa kSetraphala dhanuSAkAra kSetra, vRtta kA avadhA jaisA hotA hai| yahA~ dhanuSa, vRtta kA cApa, dhanuSa kI DorI aura vANa, cApa aura DorI ke bIca kI mahattama lamba dUrI hotI hai| yadi vANa=1 aura DorI K ho to, dhanuSAkAra AkRti kA kSetraphala2=(K+1)x1/2 aura dhanuSAkAra AkRti kA sUkSma kSetraphala 83=KxIxV10 yavAkAra AkRti kA sUkSma kSetraphala 4 yavAkAra AkRti kA sUkSma kSetraphala=Kx.x10 jabaki 1 donoM ora ke pUrNa vANa kI lambAI hai| dhatubhuja ke parigata aura antargata vRtta ke sannikaTa kSetraphala 65 parigata vRtta kA kSetraphala=-3/2x caturbhuja kA kSetraphala tathA arntagata vRtta kA kSetraphala=3/4X caturbhuja kA kSetraphala 'gommaTasAra' tathA 'trilokasAra' meM kSetraphala se sambandhita nimnalikhita sUtra upalabdha hote haiN|
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________________ jaina sAhitya meM kSetra-gaNita 437 samadvibAha samalamba caturbhuja kA kSetraphala86 =1/2(mukha+bhUmi) U~cAI vRtta kA kSetraphala =1/4Xparidhi- vyAsa vRtta-khaNDa kA sannikaTa kSetraphala -10 jIvA X vANa 4 vRtta-khaNDa kA sUkSma kSetraphala -1/2 (jIvA+vANa)xvANa tribhuja ke avadhAoM tathA lamba nikAlane kA niyama inita CENTE Ch sa,- (sa+aba) sa,= ( sa-a-ba) tathA la=/a-sa. athavA AdhAra ke Vba-sa citra 54 yahA~ a, ba, aura sa tribhuja kI bhujAoM kA nirUpaNa karate haiN| sa, aura sa aise do khaNDa haiM jinakA yoga sa hai tathA la zIrSa se AdhAra para girAyA gayA lamba hai| caturbhuja ke vikoM kA mAna nikAlane ke liye niyama yadi a, ba, sa aura da caturbhuja kI bhujAoM kI mApa hoM to caturbhuja kA vikarNa (a. sa ba . da) (a. ba.+sa.da) a. da+sa. da athavA (a. sa+ba. da) (a. da.+ba.sa) a. ba+sa. da Ayatana sambandhI sUtra "tiloyapaNNatti' meM Ayatana sambandhI nimnalikhita sUtra milate haiM : lamba pampArva kA Ayatana 2=AdhAra kA kSetraphala x sampAvaM kI U~cAI ghanAkAra sAndra kA Ayatana 3=" jabaki / ghanAkAra sAndra kI eka kora kI lambAI hai| Ayataja kA Ayatana 4 =lambAI-caur3AIxU~cAI belana kA Ayatana: 5=/10 (trijyA)Px U~cAI samAnta rAnIka (Parallelepiped) kA Ayatana 6 =lambAI caur3AI x utsedha zaMkhAkAra sAndra kA Ayatana 7 =AdhAra kaa| kSetraphala x utsedha -----UMcAI moTAI + -bhUmi citra 55 ani.su.. .RRAIMARJunainamaADAPAddIABAJANARAANAANAANAanadar.ABAJANRAIAPAIGONDORE SNNIL 6 AcAryaprakaTa bhaAcAryapravaraa zrAAnandAgrantha zrAAnanda wearinaruwaonawarenemaoniw araneway
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________________ 438 dharma aura darzana 'jambUdvIpaNNati' meM vetrAsana sadRza kSetra ke Ayatana kA sUtra milatA hai jo isa prakAra haivetrAsana sadRza kSetrakA Ayatana =JOTan.xucAIra moTAI 2 AcArya mahAvIra ne Ayatana sambandhI vivecana 'khAta vyavahAra' ke antargata kiyA hai isameM inhoMne tIna prakAra ne Ayatana kA ullekha kiyA hai- karmAntika ghanaphala, aunDra ghanaphala, tathA sUkSma ghanaphala / belana kA Ayatana, khodI huI khAI kA ghanaphala, gole kA ghanaphala, tribhujAkAra AdhAra vAle stupa kA ghanaphala vibhinna prakAra ke ITa sambandhI prazna evaM lakar3I sambandhI gaNita Adi kA bhalI prakAra vivecana kiyA hai| gar3he kA sannikaTa Ayatana 6 gar3he kA sannikaTa Ayatana-gar3he ke AdhAra kA sannikaTa kssetrphlghraaii| khAtoM kA sUkSma Ayatana nikAlane ke sambandha meM mahAvIrAcArya ne tIna prakAra kI mApoM kA varNana kiyA hai-karmAntika, aunDra aura sUkSma ghanaphala / karmAntika aura aunDra mApa samAiyoM ke sUkSma mAnoM ko dete haiM / ina donoM sUkSma mAnoM kI sahAyatA se sUkSma dhanaphala kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai / sUkSma ghanaphala=y+K =K+ ta jahA~ a aundra ghanaphala aura K karmAntika ghanaphala hai| yadi kATe gaye varga AdhAra vAle stupa ke UparI tathA nimna tala kI bhujAoM kI mApa kramaza: a aura b aura U~cAI / ho to----- karmAntika ghanaphala ta+be Xh a+be. aura aunDra ghanaphala -- h gole kA Ayatana gole kA sannikaTa Ayatana00 . 9113 9/d39 aura gole kA sukSma Ayatana'01=. <-jabad gole kA vyAsa hai yadi stUpa ke AdhAra kI eka bhUjA kI mApa a ho to, 2 stUpa kA sannikaTa Ayatana = 9 = 18xas av2 tathA stUpa kA sUkSma Ayatana=-=X V10 18 12 gommaTasAra meM Ayatana sambandhI sUtra sampArzva kA Ayatana 02=AdhAraxU~cAI zaMkU athavA sacI stambha kA Ayatana 3-1xAdhAra kA kSetraphala XU~cAI gole kA Ayatana 04--.X(r)" zaMkvAkAra Dhera (sarasoM Adi) kA Ayatana'05 ---(paridhi)xUMcAI yaha niyama isa prakAra banatA hai
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________________ jaina sAhitya meM kSetragaNita 436 AdhAra kA kSetraphala = (paridhi) (7 kA mAna 3 rakhane para) ataH AyatanaHX AdhAra kA kSetraphala X U~cAI =1XI(paridhi)'xU~cAI (paridhi (6) XU~cAI niSkarSa-'kSetragaNita' kA bhAratIya gaNita meM hI nahIM apitu vizva gaNita meM apanA viziSTa mahatva hai| kSetra gaNita ke antargata tribhuja, varga, caturbhuja, dIrghavRtta, paravalaya Adi gaNita adhyayana ke aise tatva haiM jinake dvArA gaNita kA vAstavika svarUpa spaSTa honA sambhava hai| kSetra gaNita ke ina tatvoM ke udgama aura vikAsa meM jainAcAryoM kA vaha mahattama yogadAna hai jisako kabhI vismaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / katipaya kSetragaNita ke tatvoM ke udgama evaM vikAsa para vicAra karane para jJAta hotA hai ki vRtta kSetra ke sambandha meM prAcIna gaNita para jitanA bhI kArya haA hai vaha jainAcAryoM kI hI dena hai| Ajakala kI khoja meM vRtta kI jina gUr3ha gutthiyoM ko kaThinAI se gaNitajJa samajhA pA rahe haiM, unhIM ko jainAcAryoM ne apanI mahatI prajJAmayI kuzalatA se saralatA pUrvaka samajhAyA hai| dIrghavRtta kA adhyayana karane vAle mahAvIrAcArya jI, jo hindU gaNita meM to apanA koI sAnI nahIM rakhate, sAtha hI sAtha vizva gaNita meM bhI apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhate haiN| mahAvIrAcArya ne vRttIya caturbhujoM ke una samasta sUtroM kA ullekha kiyA hai jo brahmagupta ne diye haiM parantu ApakI zailI atyadhika suspaSTa hai| yavAkAra, murajAkAra, paNavAkAra, vajrAkAra Adi vibhinna kSetroM kA varNana aura unake kSetraphaloM kA pratipAdana jainAcAryoM ke vizeSa yogadAna se hI sambhava ho sakA hai| kSetragaNita ke antargata ga kI mahimA apanA caumukhI mahatva rakhatI hai| 7 kA mAna 355/113, jo navIM zatAbdI ke gaNitajJa dhavalAkAra vIrasainAcArya kI vizeSa dena hai, vaha Aja bhI Adhunikatama khoja dvArA prApta ga ke mAna se pUrNataH mela khAtI hai| antataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki kSetragaNita ke vyApakatva meM jainAcAryoM kA cirasmaraNIya yogadAna hai| inhIM jainAcAryoM ne kSetra gaNita jaise nIrasa viSaya ko saralatA, subodhatA tathA svAbhAvikatA kI triguNAtmakatA kI ciragarimA se maNDita kiyA hai| saMdarbha 1. sUtrakRtAMga bhAga 2, adhyAya 1, sUtra 154 13. vahI, bhAga 3, adhyAya 2, pR0 258 2. sUryaprajJapti, sUtra 11, 25, 100 14. tiloyapaNNatti 4, 55-56 3. Indische studien, Vol X, p. 274 15. vahI, 4, 6 4. bhagavatIsUtra (15, 3 sUtra 724-726) 16. vahI, 4, 182 5. 'anuyogadvAra sUtra' sUtra, 123-144 17. tiloyapaNNati kA gaNita, pR0 54 6. gaNitasArasaMgraha, adhyAya 7, gAthA 11 18. tiloyapaNNatti 4, 180 7. vahI, adhyAya 7, gAthA 32, 37, evaM 42 16. vahI, 4, 1763 8. 'anuyogadvArasUtra', sUtra 100, 132, 133 20. jambUdvIvapaNNatti, 1, 23; 4,33-34 9. 'tatvArthAdhigamasUtra bhASya' bhAga 3, 21. vahI, 2, 26, 6 adhyAya 2, pR0 258 22. vahI, 2, 30 10. vahI, bhAga 3, adhyAya 2, pR0 258 23. vahI, 2, 23, 6, 6 11. vahI, bhAga 3, adhyAya 2, pR0 258 24. vahI, 2, 24-28, 6, 10 12. vahI, bhAga 4, adhyAya 14, pR0 288 25. vahI, 2, 26 bhAyA prakAra AbhApAryapravara abhI zrIAnanda zrIAnandaprasanna wwwive
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________________ maaranaraaNamancoursraveenacancernsamaan AcAryapravabhiAcAryapravara abhi zrIAnanda anyazrIAnanda YYAmoviram 440 dharma aura darzana SHREERA 26 vahI, 2, 25, 6, 11 57-58. vahI, adhyAya 7, gAthA 80 1/2 27. vahI, 4,36 56. vahI, adhyAya 7, gAthA 16 28. gaNitasAra saMgraha adhyAya 7, gAthA 43, 60. vahI, adhyAya 7, gAthA 60 . 45, 733 aura 741/2 61. vahI, adhyAya 7, gAthA 21 26. trilokasAra, gAthA 17, 19, 22, aura 23 62-63. vahI adhyAya 7, gAthA 63 30. vahI, gAthA, 311, 18, 760, 761, 64. vahI adhyAya 7, gAthA 30 763-766 65. vahI adhyAya 7, gAthA 23 31. sUryaprajJAti sUtra 20 66-67. vahI, adhyAya 7, gAthA 65 1/2 32. jyotiSa karaNDaka, gAthA 105 68. vahI, adhyAya 7, gAthA 25 33. bhagavatI sUtra-sUtra 61 69-70. vahI, adhyAya 7, gAthA 20 34. tatvArthAdhigama sUtra 3-11 71-72. vahI, adhyAya 7 gAthA 67 1/2 35. jambUdvIpaprajJAti, sUtra 16 73. vahI, adhyAya 7, gAthA 30 36. uttarAdhyayana sUtra-sUtra (35-56) 74. vahI, adhyAya 7 gAthA 32 37. tiloyapaNNati 4, 55-56 75-76. vahI, adhyAya 7, gAthA 76 1/2 38. loka prakAza (AI0 vI0 72) 77. vahI, adhyAya 7, gAthA 36 36. gaNitasArasaMgraha adhyAya 7 gAthA 16-60 78. vahI, adhyAya 7 gAthA 86 1/2 40. trilokasAra, gAthA, 211 76. vahI, adhyAya 8, gAthA 36 41. vahI, gAthA 18 80-81. vahI adhyAya 7, gAthA 42 42. tatvArthAdhigamasUtra bhASya, bhAga 3, adhyAya 2, 82. vahI, adhyAya 7, gAthA 43 pR0 258 83-84. vahI, adhyAya 7, gAthA 70 1/2 43. tiloyapaNNatti 1, 165 85. vahI, adhyAya 7, gAthA 47 44. vahI,4, 6 aura 4, 2761 86 trilokasAra 114 45. vahI, 4, 2763 87. vahI, gAthA 311 46. vahI, 4,2374 88-86. vahI, gAthA 762 47. vahI 5, 316-20 10. gaNitasArasaMgraha, adhyAya 7, gAthA 46 48. jambUdvIvapaNNati ,11 61 11. vahI, adhyAya 7, gAthA 54 46. gaNitasArasaMgraha adhyAya 7 gAthA 50 12. tiloyapaNNatti, 1, 165 50. vahI adhyAya 7 gAthA 50 63-64. vahI, 1, 203-14 51. vahI, adhyAya 7 gAthA 50 65. vahI, 1116 52. vahI, adhyAya 7 gAthA 7 66. vahI, 1, 268 53. vahI, adhyAya 7 gAthA 50 67. vahI, 5, 316-20 54. gaNitasAra saMgraha, adhyAya 7, gAthA 50 68. jambUdvIvapaNNAtti, 11, 108 parantu yaha niyama viSabhacaturbhuja ke liye 66. gaNitasArasaMgraha, adhyAya 8 gAthA 4 lAgU nahIM hai| 100-101. vahI, adhyAya 8, gAthA 28 1/2 55 aise do vRttoM kI jinake kendra eka hI hoM, 102. gommaTasAra, gAthA 17 paridhiyoM ke bIca kA kSetraphala, nemikSetra 103-104. vahI, gAthA 16 kahalAtA hai| 56. gaNitasAra saMgraha, adhyAya 7 gAthA 7 105. vahI, gAthA, 22, 23