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________________ - - - - - - -. - - . -. -. - . -. - - . - -. - -. -. -. -. jaina pramANa-zAstra : eka anucintana D DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA, nyAyAcArya, (camelI kuTIra, 1/128 DumarAva kaoNlonI, assI, vArANasI) 'nIyate paricchidyate jJAyate vastutattvaM yena so nyAyaH' isa nyAya zabda kI vyutpatti ke AdhAra para nyAya use kahA gayA hai, jisake dvArA vastusvarUpa jAnA jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki vastusvarUpa ke paricchedaka sAdhana (upAya) ko nyAya kahate haiN| nyAya ke isa svarUpa ke anusAra kucha dArzanika 'lakSaNa-pramANAbhyAmarya-siddhiH1- lakSaNa aura pramANa donoM se vastu kI siddhi mAnate haiN| ataH ve lakSaNa aura pramANa donoM ko nyAya batalAte haiM / anya dArzanika 'pramANararthaparIkSaNaM nyAyaH'2 -pramANoM (pratyakSa anumAna, upamAna aura zabda-cAroM) se vastu kA parIkSaNa (sahI jJAna) hotA hai, ataeva pramANoM ko ve nyAya kahate haiN| aneka tArkika 'paMcAvayavaprayogo nyAya:'-pA~ca avayavoM (pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana ina anumAnAvayavoM) ke prayoga ko, jise anumAna kahA gayA hai, nyAya svIkAra karate haiN| jaina tArkika gRddhapiccha (umAsvAti athavA umAsvAmI ne) 'pramANanayairadhigamaH' (ta0 sU0 1-6) sUtra dvArA pramANoM aura nayoM se vastu kA jJAna mAnA hai / phalataH abhinava dharmabhUSaNa ne 'pramANanayAtmako nyAyaH' kahakara pramANa aura naya ko nyAya kahA hai| ata: jaina darzana meM pramANa aura naya donoM vastvadhigama ke sAdhana hone se nyAya haiN| isakA vizeSa vivecana hamane 'jaina darzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana' meM kiyA hai| pramANa kA svarUpa jainAgamoM meM jJAna mArgaNA kA nirUpaNa karate hue ATha jJAnoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| inameM tIna jJAnoM (kumati, kuzruta aura kuavadhi-vibhaMga) ko mithyAjJAna aura pA~ca jJAnoM (mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala) ko samyagjJAna batalAyA hai / kundakunda ne usakA anusaraNa kiyA hai| gRddhapiccha ne usameM kucha nayA mor3a diyA hai| unhoMne mati Adi pA~ca jJAnoM ko samyagjJAna aura kumati Adi tInoM ko mithyAjJAna to kahA hI hai| isake sAtha hI una samyagjJAnoM ko pramANa aura una tIna mithyAjJAnoM ko apramANa bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai| samantabhadra ne tattvajJAna athavA svaparAvabhAsI buddhi ko pramANa kahA hai| unake ina donoM pramANa lakSaNoM tathA tattvArthasUtrakAra ke pramANa lakSaNa 1-2-3. nyAya dI0 Ti0, pR0 5, vIra sevA mandira, dillI, 1654. 4. vahI, pR0 5. jaina darzana aura pramANazAstra : aitihAsika evaM dArzanika pRSThabhUmi zIrSaka, pR0 15, 6. SaTkhaNDAgama 1. 1. 15 Adi / 7. niyamasAra, gA0 10, 11, 12. 8. ta0 sU0 1-6, 10, 31. 6. AptamImAMsA 101, svayambhUstotra 63.
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________________ jaina pramANa-zAstra : eka anucintana 131 . meM koI antara nahIM hai / samyak aura tattva donoM kA eka hI artha hai--satya-yathArtha / ata: samyagjJAna yA tattvajJAna ko pramANa lakSaNa mAnanA eka hI bAta hai| nyAyAvatArakAra siddhasena ne bhI svaparAvabhAsi jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnA hai / unakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usameM unhoMne bAdhavijita vizeSaNa aura diyA hai| kintu vaha tattvArthasUtrakAra ke samyak aura samantabhadra ke tattva vizeSaNa se gatArtha ho jAtA hai| unakA yaha vizeSaNa kumArila ke pramANa lakSaNa meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai / ata: usase koI vizeSa bAta prakaTa nahIM hotii| uttaravartI prAyaH sabhI jaina tAkikoM ne samyagjJAna ko hI pramANa kahA hai| vizeSa yaha ki akalaMka, vidyAnandi aura mANikyanandi ne usa samyagjJAna ko svApUrvArthavyavasAyAtmaka siddha kiyA aura pramANa ke lakSaNa meM upayukta vikAsa kiyA hai / vAdirAja, devasUri,6 hemacandra, dharmabhUSaNa Adi paravartI tAkikoM ne bhI prAya: yahI pramANa-lakSaNa svIkAra kiyA hai / hemacandra ne yadyapi samyak artha-nirNaya ko pramANa kahA hai, para samyak arthanirNaya aura samyak jJAna donoM meM zAbdika bheda ke atirikta koI arthabheda nahIM hai| pramANa ke bheda pramANa ke kitane bheda sambhava aura Avazyaka haiM, isa para sarvaprathama tattvArtha sUtrakAra ne vicAra kiyA hai| unhoMne spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai ki pramANa ke mUlata: do bheda haiM--parokSa aura prtykss| uparyukta pA~ca jJAnoM kA inhIM do meM samAveza karate hue likhA hai ki Adi ke do jJAna-mati aura zruta indriyAdi sApekSa hone se parokSa tathA anya tIna jJAna - avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala indriyAdi para-sApekSa na hone evaM AtmamAtra kI apekSA se hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa pramANa haiN| yaha tattvArtha sUtrakAra dvArA pratipAdita do pramANoM kI saMkhyA itanI vicArapUrNa aura kuzalatA se kI gayI hai ki ina do pramANoM meM hI anya pramANoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| eka sUtra' dvArA aise pramANoM kA unhoMne ullekha karake unheM matijJAna ke avAntara bheda prakaTa kiyA hai| ve haiM- mati (indriya-anindriyajanya anubhava), smRti (smaraNa), saMjJA (pratyabhijJAna), cintA (tarka) aura abhinibodha (anumaan)| ye pAMcoM jJAna indriya aura anindriya sApekSa hote haiN| inheM anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM eka-eka svatantra pramANa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| para ye sabhI parApekSa hone se parokSa meM hI samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| jaina pramANazAstra ke pratiSThAtA akalaMka ne12 bhI pramANa ke inhIM do bhedoM ko mAnya kiyA hai| vizeSa yaha ki unhoMne pratyakSa aura parokSa ke tArkika lakSaNoM aura unake upabhedoM kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| vizada jJAna ko pratyakSa aura avizada jJAna ko parokSa batalAkara pratyakSa ke mukhya evaM saMvyavahAra ina do bhedoM tathA parokSa ke pratyabhijJAna Adi pA~ca bhedoM kA unhoMne savistAra nirUpaNa kiyA hai / ullekhanIya hai ki akalaMka ne parokSa ke prathama bheda mati (indriya 1. pramANaM svaparAvabhAsi jJAnaM bAdhavivajitam-nyAyAva0 kA0 1. 2. laghIya0 kA0 60, akalaMka gra0, siMghI granthamAlA / 3. pra0 pa0 pR0 1, vIra sevAmandira TrasTa prakAzana, vArANasI, 1977. 4. pa0 mu0 1-1. 6. pra0 na0 ta0 1. 1. 2. 7. pra0 mI0 1. 1. 21. 8. nyA0 dI0, pR0 6, vIra sevA mandira prakAzana, 1945. 6. pra0 mI0 1. 1.2, siMghI grnthmaalaa| 10. tatpramANe / Adya parokSam / pratyakSamanyat-ta0 sU0 1-10, 11, 12. 11. ta0 sU01-13, 14. 12. laghIya0 1-3, 40 saM0 1-2, akalaMkagrantha traya, sindhI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, 1936. 13. vahI, 1-3.
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________________ 132 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa anindriyajanya jJAna) ko saMvyavahAra pratyakSa bhI nirUpita kiyA hai| isase unhoMne indriya aura anindriyajanya jJAna ko pratyakSa kahane kI anya logoM (dArzanikoM) kI mAnyatA kA saMgraha kiyA hai aura lokavyavahAra se use pratyakSa batalAkara paramArtha se parokSa hI svIkAra kiyA hai aura isa taraha unhoMne Agama-paramparA kA saMrakSaNa bhI kiyA hai| vidyAnandi, mANikyanandi prabhRti ne bhI pramANa ke ye hI do bheda mAne haiM aura akalaMka ke mArga kA pUrNatayA anusaraNa kiyA hai / parokSa kA lakSaNa parokSa kA lakSaNa sabase pahale spaSTa taura para AcArya devanandi pUjyapAda ne prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne batalAyA hai ki para arthAt indriya, mana, prakAza aura upadeza Adi bAhya nimittoM tathA svAvaraNa karma-kSayopamazarUpa antaraMga kAraNa kI apekSA se AtmA meM jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai vaha parokSa kahA gayA hai| ataH mati aura zruta donoM jJAna ukta ubhaya nimittoM se utpanna hone ke kAraNa parokSa haiN| akalaMkadeva ne pUjyapAda ke isa lakSaNa ko apanAte hue bhI parokSa kA eka nayA lakSaNa, jo unake pUrva pracalita nahIM thA, diyA hai| vaha hai-avizadajJAna, jisakA pahale bhI saMketa kiyA gayA hai / isa lakSaNa ke anusAra jo jJAna avizad (aspaSTa-dhuMdhalA) hai, vaha parokSa pramANa hai| yadyapi ina donoM lakSaNoM meM tattvataH koI antara nahIM hai jo parApekSa hogA vaha avizad hogA hI, phira bhI akalaMka kA parokSa lakSaNa (avizad jJAna) dArzanika hai aura saMkSipta hai tathA pUjyapAda kA parokSa lakSaNa Agamika hai aura vistRta hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki donoM meM kArya-kAraNabhAva bhI hai / parApekSatA kAraNa hai aura avizadatA usakA kArya (pariNAma) hai / yaha hameM dhyAna dene para jJAta ho jAtA hai| vidyAnandi ne5 ina donoM lakSaNoM ko sAdhya-sAdhana ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki parokSa pramANa parApekSa hai, isalie vaha avizad hai / parokSa kA pUjyapAdakRta parApekSalakSaNa sAdhanarUpa hai aura akalaMkadeva kA parokSalakSaNa avizad jJAna sAdhyarUpa hai| mANikyanandi ne parokSa ke isI avizad jJAna lakSaNa ko svIkAra kiyA aura use pratyakSAdipUrvaka hone se parokSa kahA hai / paravartI jainatAkikoM ne' akalaMkIya parokSa lakSaNa ko hI prAya: prazraya diyA hai| parokSa pramANa ke bheda tattvArtha sUtrakAra ne Agama paramparA ke anusAra parokSa ke do bheda kiye haiM - mati aura zruta / indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hone vAlA jJAna matijJAna hai tathA matijJAnapUrvaka usake bAda jo jJAna hotA hai vaha zrutajJAna hai / parokSa ke ye do bheda Agamika haiN| akalaMka ne ina parokSa bhedoM ko apanAte hue bhI unakA dArzanika dRSTi se bhI vivecana kiyA hai / unake vivecanAnusAra parokSa pramANa ke bhedoM kI saMkhyA pA~ca hai| tattvArtha sUtrakAra dvArA pratipAdita 1. pra0pa0, pR0 28, 41, 42, vIrasevA mandira TrasTa prakAzana, vArANasI, 1977. 2. parI0 mu0 2-1, 2, 3 5, 11 tathA 3-1, 2. 3. sa0 si0 1-1, bhAratIya jJAnapITha / 4. ta0 vA0 1-11 tathA laghIya0 svopajJavR0 1-3. 5. pra0 pa0 pR0 41, vIra sevA mandira TrasTa prakAzana, vArANasI, 1977. parI0 mu0 3-1, 2. hemacandra, pra0 mI0 1. 2. 1 Adi / 8. Adya parokSam, tadindriyAnindriyanimittam,-ta0 sU0 1-11, 14, 30. 6. pra0 saM0, 1-2 laghIya0 1-3, akalaMkagra0, sindhI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, 1636. 10. ta0 sU01-13.
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________________ jaina pramANa-zAstra : eka anucintana 133 -.-.-.-.-........................................................... ...... matijJAna ke pA~ca bhedoM meM se prathama bheda mati ko nikAlakara aura unameM zruta ko sammilita kara unhoMne parokSa ke pAMca bheda ginAye haiN|' mati (anubhava) ko unhoMne saMvyavahAra pratyakSa batalAyA hai| isI se use parokSa ke bhedoM meM grahaNa nahIM kiyA aura zruta ko avizad hone se parokSa ke antargata le liyA hai| isa vivecana yA parivartana meM saiddhAntika athavA dArzanika dRSTi se koI bAdhA nahIM hai| parokSa ke unhoMne jo pA~ca bheda batAye haiM ve ye haiM-1. smRti, saMjJA (pratyabhijJAna), 3. cintA (tarka), 4. abhinibodha (anumAna) aura 5. zruta (aagm)| pUrvAnubhUta vastu ke smaraNa ko smRti kahate haiM / jaise---vaha isa prakAra se ullikhita hone vAlA jJAna / anubhava tathA smaraNapUrvaka jo jor3arUpa jJAna hotA hai vaha saMjJA hai| ise pratyabhijJA yA pratyabhijJAna bhI kahate haiN| yathAyaha vahI hai, athavA yaha usI ke samAna hai athavA yaha usase vilakSaNa hai aadi| isake ekatva, sAdRzya, vaisAdRzya Adi aneka bheda haiN| anvaya (vidhi) aura vyatireka (niSedha) pUrvaka hone vAlA vyApti (sAdhya aura sAdhana rUpa se abhimata do padArthoM ke avinAbhAva sambandha) kA jJAna cintA (tarka) hai| Uha athavA UhA bhI ise kahate haiN| isakA udAharaNa hai-isake hone para hI yaha hotA hai aura nahIM hone para nahIM hI hotA hai| jaise-agni ke hone para hI dhuA~ hotA hai aura agni ke abhAva meM dhuA~ nahIM hotA / isa prakAra kA UhApohAtmaka jJAna cintA yA tarka kahA gayA hai| nizcita sAdhyAvinAbhAvI sAdhana se jo sAdhya kA jJAna hotA hai vaha abhinibodha arthAt anumAna hai| jaise-dhUma se agni kA jJAna anumAna hai| zabda, saMketa Adi pUrvaka jo jJAna hotA hai vaha zruta hai| ise Agama, pravacana Adi bhI kahate haiN| jaise-meru Adi zabdoM ko sunakara sumeru parvata Adi kA bodha hotA hai| ye sabhI jJAna parApekSa haiN| smaraNa meM anubhava, pratyabhijJAna meM anubhava tathA smaraNa, tarka meM anubhava, smaraNa aura pratyabhijJAna, anumAna meM liMga darzana, vyAptismaraNa aura zruta meM zabda evaM saMketAdi apekSita haiM, unake binA unakI utpatti sambhava nahIM hai| ataeva ye aura isa prakAra ke upamAna, arthApatti Adi parApekSa avizad jJAna parokSa pramANa mAne gaye haiN| akalaMka ne inake vivecana meM jo dRSTi apanAyI vahI dRSTi aura saraNi vidyAnandi, mANikyanandi Adi tAkikoM ne anusata kI hai| vidyAnandi ne pramANa-parIkSA meM aura mANikyanandi ne parIkSAmukha meM smRti Adi pAMcoM parokSa pramANoM kA vizadatA ke sAtha nirUpaNa kiyA hai| ina donoM manISiyoM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne pratyeka kI sahetuka siddhi karake unakA parokSa meM sapramANa samAveza kiyA hai| vidyAnandi ne5 inakI pramANatA meM sabase sabala hetu yaha diyA hai ki ve avisaMvAdI haiM-apane jJAta artha meM kisI prakAra visaMvAda nahIM karate haiN| aura jisa smRti Adi meM visaMvAda hotA hai vaha pramANa nahIM hai| use smRtyAbhAsa, pratyabhijJAbhAsa, tarkAbhAsa, anumAnAbhAsa aura AgamAbhAsa (zrutAbhAsa) samajhanA cAhiye / unhoMne spaSTa kahA hai ki yaha pratipattA kA kartavya hai ki vaha sAvadhAnI aura yukti Adi pUrvaka nirNaya kare ki amuka smRti, pratyabhijJA Adi nirbAdha hone se pramANa hai aura amuka sabAdha hone se apramANa (pramANAbhAsa) hai| isa prakAra pA~coM jJAnoM ke prAmANyAprAmANya kA nirNaya kiyA jAnA caahie| ye pA~coM jJAna yataH avizad haiM, ataH parokSa haiM yaha bhI vidyAnandi ne spaSTatA ke sAtha pratipAdana kiyA hai| jaina tArkika vidyAnandi kI eka mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne anumAna aura usake parikara kA 1. laghIya0 svopajJavR0 2-10. idamalpaM mahad dUramAsannaM prAMzu neti vA / vyapekSAta: samakSe'rthe vikalpaH sAdhanAntaram // 1-21 // laghIya0 pra0pa0 pR0 41 se 65 / 4. parIkSAmukha 3, 1 se 3, 101 / 5. smRti pramANam, avisaMvAdakatvAta, pratyakSavata yatra tu visaMvAda: sA smRtyAbhAsA, pratyakSAbhAsAt-pra0 pa0 pR0 4211 / 6. pra0pa0 pR0 45 se 58 tk|
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________________ 0 134 jaisA vistRta nirUpaNa kiyA hai vaisA smRti Adi kA nahIM / tattvArthazlokavArtika aura pramANa parIkSA meM anumAna kA sarvAdhika nirUpaNa hai / patra parIkSA meM to prAyaH anumAna kA hI zAstrArtha upalabdha hai / karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha caturthakhaNDa vidyAnanda ne anumAna kA vahI lakSaNa diyA hai jo akalaMka ne prastuta kiyA hai| akalaMkadeva ne bahuta hI saMkSepa meM anumAna kA lakSaNa dete hue likhA hai ki sAdhanAt sAdhyavijJAnamanumAnam arthAt sAdhana se hone vAlA sAdhya kA jJAna anumAna hai| vidyAnanda ne unake isI lakSaNa ko doharAyA hai tathA sAdhya aura sAdhana kA vivecana bhI unhoMne akalaMka pradarzita dizAnusAra kiyA hai| sAdhana vaha hai jo sAdhya kA niyama se avinAbhAvI hai sAdhya ke hone para hI hotA hai aura sAdhya ke abhAva meM nahIM hI hotA / aisA avinAbhAvI sAdhana hI sAdhya kA anumApaka hotA hai, anya nahIM / trilakSaNa, paMcalakSaNa Adi hetu lakSaNa sadoSa hone se yukta nahIM hai|" isa viSaya kA vizeSa vivecana hamane anyatra kiyA hai / sAdhya vaha hai jo iSTa- abhipreta, zakya- abAdhita aura aprasiddha hotA hai| jo aniSTa hai, pratyakSa Adi se bAdhita hai aura prasiddha hai vaha sAdhya siddha karane yogya nahIM hotA / vastutaH jise siddha karanA hai use vAdI ke lie iSTa honA cAhie-- aniSTa ko koI siddha nahIM krtaa| isI taraha jo bAdhita hai-- siddha karane ke ayogya hai use bhI siddha nahIM kiyA jAtA / tathA jo siddha hai use punaH siddha karanA nirarthaka hai-prativAdI jise nahIM mAnatA, vAdI use hI siddha karatA hai / isa prakAra nizcita sAdhyAvinAbhAvI sAdhana ( hetu) se jo iSTa, abAdhita aura asiddha rUpa sAdhya kA vijJAna (viziSTa jJAna ) kiyA jAtA hai vaha anumAna pramANa hai| isake do bheda haiM-- svArthAnumAna aura parArthAnumAna / anumAtA jaba svayaM hI nizcita sAdhyAvinAbhAvI sAdhana se sAdhya kA jJAna karatA hai to usakA yaha jJAna svArthAnumAna kahA jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha- jaba yaha dhUma ko dekhakara agni kA jJAna, rasa ko cakhakara usake sahacara rUpa kA jJAna yA kRttikA ke udaya ko dekhakara eka muhUrta bAda hone vAle zakaTa ke udaya kA jJAna karatA hai taba usakA jJAna svArthAnumAna hai / aura jaba vahI svArthAnumAtA ukta hetuoM aura sAdhyoM ko bolakara dUsaroM ko una sAdhya sAdhanoM kI vyApti (anyathAnupapatti) grahaNa karAtA hai aura dUsare usake ukta vacanoM ko sunakara vyApti grahaNa karake ukta hetuoM se ukta sAdhyoM kA jJAna karate haiM to dUsaroM kA vaha anumAna jJAna parArthAnumAna hai / dharmabhUSaNa ne svArthAnumAna aura jJAnAtmaka parArthAnumAna ke sampAdaka tIna aMgoM aura do aMgoM kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai / ve tIna aMga haiM --- ( 1 ) sAdhana, (2) sAdhya aura (3) dharmI / sAdhana to gamakarUpa se aMga hai, sAdhya gamyarUpa se aura dharmI donoM kA AdhAra rUpa se / do aMga isa prakAra unhoMne batalAye haiM- ( 1 ) pakSa aura ( 2 ) hetu / jaba sAdhyadharma ko dharmI se pRthak nahIM mAnA jAtA -- usase viziSTa dharmI ko pakSa kahA jAtA hai to pakSa aura hetu ye do hI aMga vivakSita hote haiM / ina donoM pratipAdanoM meM mAtra vivakSA bheda hai- maulika koI bheda nahIM hai / vacanAtmaka parArthAnumAna ke pratipAdyoM kI dRSTi se do, tIna, cAra aura pA~ca avayavoM kA bhI kathana kiyA gayA hai| do avayava pakSa ( pratijJA) aura hetu haiM / udAharaNa sahita tIna, upanaya sahita cAra aura nigamana sahita pAMca avayava haiM / yahA~ ullekhanIya hai ki vidyAnanda ne parArthAnumAna ke akSarathuta aura anakSarata do bhedoM ko prakaTa karate 1. pra0 pa0 pR0 45, vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, 1977 / 2. sAdhanAtsAdhyavijJAnamanumAnaM tayatyayenyA0vi030 bhA0 2 / 1 / 3. tatra sAdhanaM sAdhyA vinAbhAvaniyamanizcayaikalakSaNam, pra0 pa0 pR0 45 / 4. pra0 pa0 pR0 45 se 46 / 5. jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna vicAra, pR0 62, vIra sevA mandira TrasTa prakAzana, 1666 / 6. nyAya vini0 2 172 tathA pra0 pa0 pR0 57 / 7. 8. nyAya dI0 0 pR0 72, 3-24 / pra0 pa0 pR0 58, saMskaraNa pUrvokta hI / .
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________________ jaina pramANa-zAstra : eka anucintana 135 hue use akalaMka ke abhiprAyAnusAra zrutajJAna batalAyA hai aura svArthAnumAna ko abhinibodharUpa matijJAnavizeSa anumAna kahA hai / Agama kI prAcIna paramparA yahI hai|' zrutajJAnAvaraNa aura vIryAntarAya karma ke kSayopazama vizeSa rUpa antaraMga kAraNa tathA matijJAnarUpa bahiraMga kAraNa ke hone para mana ke viSaya ko jAnane vAlA jo avizada jJAna hotA hai vaha zrata jJAna hai / 2 athavA Apta ke vacana, aMgulI Adi ke saMketa se hone vAlA aspaSTa jJAna zrata (Agama) hai| yaha santati kI apekSA anAdinidhana hai| usakI janaka sarvajJa paramparA bhI anAdinidhana hai| bIjAMkurasantati kI taraha donoM kA pravAha anAdi hai| ataH sarvajJokta vacanoM se utpanna jJAna zruta hai aura vaha nirdoSa puruSajanya evaM avizada hone se parokSa pramANa hai| isa prakAra parokSa pramANa ke pA~ca bheda haiN| pratyakSa ___ aba dUsare pramANa pratyakSa kA bhI saMkSepa meM vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| jo indriya, mana, prakAza Adi para kI apekSA se na hokara mAtra AtmA kI apekSA se hotA hai vaha pratyakSa jJAna hai| Agama paramparA ke anusAra pratyakSa kA yahI svarUpa nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai / tatvArtha sUtrakAra aura unake Adya TIkAkAra pUjyapAda-devanandi ne pratyakSa kA yahI lakSaNa batalAyA hai| akalaMkadeva ne5 pratyakSa ke isa lakSaNa ko AtmasAt karate hue usakA eka nayA dUsarA bhI lakSaNa prastuta kiyA hai, jo dArzanikoM dvArA adhika grAhya aura lokapriya huA hai| vaha hai vishdtaa-spsstttaa| jo jJAna vizada arthAt anumAnAdi jJAnoM se adhika vizeSa pratibhAsI hai vaha pratyakSa hai| udAharaNArtha, agni hai aise kisI vizvasta vyakti ke vacana se utpanna athavA vahA~ agni hai, kyoMki dhuA~ dikha rahA hai aise dhUmAdi sAdhanoM se janita agni ke jJAna se yaha (sAmane) agni hai, agni ko dekhakara hue agnijJAna meM jo vizeSa pratibhAsarUpa vaiziSTya anubhava meM AtA hai usI kA nAma vizadatA hai| aura yaha vizadatA hI pratyakSa kA lakSaNa hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jahA~ aspaSTa jJAna parokSa hai vahA~ spaSTa jJAna pratyakSa hai| pratyakSa aura parokSa jJAnoM kI bhedaka rekhA yaha spaSTatA aura aspaSTatA hI hai| uttaravartI sabhI jaina dArzanikoM ne pratyakSa kA yahI lakSaNa svIkAra kiyA hai| vidyAnandi ne vizadatA kA vizeSa vivecana kiyA hai| pratyakSa ke bhedoM kA bhI unhoMne kAphI vistArapUrvaka nirUpaNa kiyA hai| unhoMne batalAyA hai ki pratyakSa tIna prakAra kA hai-1. indriyapratyakSa, 2. anindripratyakSa aura 3. atIndriya prtykss| indriyapratyakSa prArambha meM cAra prakAra kA hai-1. avagraha, 2. IhA, 3. avAya aura 4. dhaarnnaa| ye cAroM pAMcoM indriyoM aura bahu Adi bAraha arthabhedoM ke nimitta se hote haiN| ataH 445412=240 bheda arthAvagraha kI apekSA se haiM tathA vyaMjanAvagraha cakSu aura mana se nahIM hotaa| kintu sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa aura zrotra ina cAra indriyoM se bahu Adi bAraha arthabhedoM meM hotA hai, isalie usake 144412=48 bheda niSpanna hote haiN| isa taraha indriyapratyakSa ke 240+48 =288 bheda haiM / 1. vizeSa ke lie dekheM, jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna vicAra, pR0 77-78, saMskaraNa pUrvokta / 2. pra0pa0 pR0 58 / sa0 si0 1. 12, bhA0 jJAnapITha saM0 / vhii| pratyakSaM vizadaM jJAnaM mukhyasaMvyavahArataH -laghI0 1. 3, akalaMka gra0 / 6. anumAnAdyatirekeNa vizeSa pratibhAsanam / tadvai zadya mataM buddha ravaMzadyamataH param / / -laghIya0 1. 4, akalaMka gra0 / tat trividham ----indriyAnindriyAtIndriyapratyakSavikalpAt / tatrendriyapratyakSa sAMvyAvahArikaM dezato vizadatvAt / tadvadanindriyapratyakSam, tasyAntarmukhAkArasya kathaMciva shdysiddhH| atIndriyapratyakSaM tu dvividhaM vikala pratyakSa sakalapratyakSaM ceti| .... -pra0pa0 pR0 38, saMskaraNa pUrvokta /
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________________ 136 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa anindriyapratyakSa kevala mana se ukta bAraha arthabhedoM meM hotA hai aura avagraha Adi cAroM rUpa hotA hai| ata: usake 144412=48 bheda haiN| isa prakAra indriyapratyakSa aura anindriyapratyakSa ke kula 288+48-336 bheda haiN| yata: ye donoM pratyakSa matijJAna athavA saMvyavahArapratyakSa haiM, ataH ye 336 bheda usake jAnanA caahie| atIndriyapratyakSa ke do bheda haiM-1. vikala aura 2. sakala / vikala atIndriyapratyakSa ke bhI do bheda haiM--1. avadhi aura 2. mana:paryaya / sakala atIndriya pratyakSa eka hI prakAra kA hai aura vaha hai- kevalajJAna / inakA vizeSa vivecana pramANa parIkSA meM upalabdha hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana meM pramANa ke mUlata: pratyakSa aura parokSa ye do hI bheda mAne gaye haiN| pramANa kA viSaya jaina darzana meM vastu anekAntAtmaka svIkAra kI gayI hai / ataH pratyakSa pramANa ho, cAhe parokSa (anumAnAdi) pramANa, sabhI sAmAnya-vizeSarUpa, dravya-paryAyarUpa, bhedAbhedarUpa, nityAnityarUpa Adi anekAntarUpa vastu ko viSaya karate arthAt jAnate haiM / kevala sAmAnya, kevala vizeSa Adi rUpa vastu ko koI pramANa viSaya nahIM karate, kyoMki vaisI (ekAntarUpa) vastu nahIM hai| vastu to virodhI nAnAdharmoM ko lie hue anekAntarUpa hai aura vahI pramANa kA viSaya hai| pramANa kA phala pramANa kA phala arthAt prayojana vastu ko jAnanA aura pramAtA ke ajJAna ko dUra karanA hai / yaha usakA sAkSAt phala hai| vastu ko jAnane ke uparAnta usake upAdeya hone para usameM grahaNa buddhi, heya hone para usameM heyabuddhi aura upekSaNIya hone para upekSA (taTasthatA) buddhi hotI hai| ye buddhiyA~ pramANa kA paramparA phala haiN| pratyeka pramAtA ko ye donoM phala prApta hote haiN| smaraNa rahe, ye donoM phala pramANa tathA pramAtA se kathaMcit bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna haiN| donoM eka hI pramAtA ko hote haiM, isalie abhinna haiM aura pramANa tathA phala kA bheda hone se ve pramANa aura phala kathaMcit bhinna haiN| naya pramANa kA vivecana karane ke bAda yahA~ naya kA bhI vivecana Avazyaka hai, kyoMki pramANa kI taraha naya bhI vastu ke jJAna kA aparihArya sAdhana hai / jahA~ padArthoM (vastuoM) kA yathArtha jJAna pramANa dvArA akhaNDa (samagra anekAnta) rUpa meM hotA hai vahA~ naya dvArA unakA jJAna khaNDa-khaNDa (eka-eka dharma--ekAnta) rUpa meM hotA hai : dharmI (pUrNavastu) kA jJAna pramANa aura dharmoM-aMzoM kA jJAna naya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM vivakSA yA abhiprAya ke anusAra hone vAlA aMzagrAhI jJAna naya hai| yaha naya bhI mUlataH do prakAra kA hai-1. dravyAthika aura 2. paryAyAthika / dravyAthikanaya dravya (vastu ke zAzvata aMza) ko aura paryAyAthika paryAya (vastu ke azAzvata aMza-utpAda-vyaya) ko grahaNa karatA hai| adhyAtma zAstra kI dRSTi se nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya ina do nayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| nizcayanaya vastu ke asaMyogIrUpa (bhUtArtha) ko aura vyavahAra naya saMyogIrUpa (abhUtArtha) ko grahaNa karate haiN| ina nayoM ke avAntara bhedoM kA nirUpaNa jainazAstroM meM vipula mAtrA meM pAyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra pramANa aura naya donoM se vastuparicchinna hone se ve nyAyazAstra athavA pramANazAstra ke pratipAdya haiN| hamane yahA~ unakA saMkSepa meM anucintana karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| 1. pra0pa0, pR0 65. pra0 pa0, pR0 66. laghIya0 kA0 30-46. 3.