Jain Karm Siddhant

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Z_Sagar_Jain_Vidya_Bharti_Part_1_001684.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229116/1

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jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa - pro. sAgaramala jaina karmasiddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa karmasiddhAnta kA udbhava sRSTi-vaicitrya, vaiyaktika-bhinnatAoM, vyakti kI sukha-duHkhAtmaka anubhUtiyoM evaM zubhAzubha manovRttiyoM ke kAraNa kI vyAkhyA ke prayAsoM meM hI huA hai| sRSTi-vaicitrya evaM vaiyaktika, bhinnatAoM ke kAraNa kI khoja ke ina prayAsoM meM vibhinna vicAradhArAyeM astitva meM aayiiN| zvetAzvataropaniSad, aMguttaranikAya aura sUtrakRtAMga meM hameM ina vibhinna vicAradhArAoM kI upasthiti ke saMketa milate haiN| mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM ina vicAradhArAoM kI samIkSA bhI kI gaI hai| isa sambandha meM pramukha mAnyatAe~ nimna haiM -- 1. kAlavAda -- yaha siddhAnta sRSTi-vaividhya aura vaiyaktika-vibhinnatAoM kA kAraNa kAla ko svIkAra karatA hai| jisakA jo samaya yA kAla hotA hai tabhI vaha ghaTita hotA hai, jaise -- apanI Rtu (samaya) Ane para hI vRkSa meM phala lagate haiN| 2. svabhAvavAda -- saMsAra meM jo bhI ghaTita hogA yA hotA hai, usakA AdhAra vastuoM kA apanA-apanA svabhAva hai| saMsAra meM koI bhI svabhAva kA ullaMghana nahIM kara sakatA hai| 3. niyativAda -- saMsAra kA samagra ghaTanA-krama pUrva niyata hai, jo jisa rUpa meM honA hotA hai vaisA hI hotA hai, use koI anyathA nahIM kara sktaa| 4. yadRcchAvAda -- kisI bhI ghaTanA kA koI niyata hetu yA kAraNa nahIM hotA hai| samasta ghaTanAe~ mAtra saMyoga kA pariNAma hai| yadRcchAvAda hetu ke sthAna para saMyoga (Chance ) ko pramukha banA detA hai| 5. mahAbhUtavAda -- samagra astitva ke mUla meM paMcamahAbhUtoM kI sattA rahI hai| saMsAra unake vaividhyamaya vibhinna saMyogoM kA hI pariNAma hai| 6. prakRtivAda -- vizva-vaividhya triguNAtmaka prakRti kA hI khela hai| mAnavIya sukha-duHkha bhI prakRti ke hI adhIna hai| 7. IzvaravAda -- Izvara hI isa jagat kA racayitA evaM niyAmaka hai, jo kucha bhI hotA hai, vaha saba usakI icchA yA kriyAzakti kA pariNAma hai| 8. puruSavAda -- vaiyaktika vibhinnatA aura sAMsArika ghaTanA-krama ke mUla meM puruSa kA puruSArtha hI pramukha hai|

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95 jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa vastutaH jagat-vaividhya aura vaiyaktika bhinnatAoM kI tArkika vyAkhyA ke inhIM prayatnoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsa huA hai| jisameM puruSavAda kI pramukha bhUmikA rahI hai| karmasiddhAnta uparyukta siddhAntoM kA puruSavAda ke sAtha samanvaya kA prayatna hai| zvetAzvataropaniSad ke prArambha meM hI yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki hama kisake dvArA prerita hokara saMsAra - yAtrA kA anuvartana kara rahe haiN| Age RSi yaha jijJAsA prakaTa karatA hai ki kyA kAla, svabhAva, niyati yadRcchA, bhUta-yoni athavA puruSa yA ina sabakA saMyoga hI isakA kAraNa hai / vastutaH ina sabhI vicAradhArAoM meM puruSavAda ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI vizva- vaicitrya aura vaiyaktika- vaividhya kI vyAkhyA ke lie kisI na kisI bAhya-tathya para hI bala de rahI thii| hama inameM se kisI bhI siddhAnta ko mAneM, vaividhya kA kAraNa vyakti se bhinna hI mAnanA hogA, kintu aisI sthiti meM vyakti para naitika dAyitva kA AropaNa sambhava nahIM ho pAtA hai| yadi hama jo kucha bhI karate haiM aura jo kucha bhI pAte haiM, usakA kAraNa bAhya tathya hI haiM, to phira hama kisI bhI kArya ke lie naitika dRSTi se uttaradAyI ThaharAye nahIM jA skte| yadi vyakti kAla, svabhAva, niyati athavA Izvara kI icchAoM kA eka sAdhana mAtra hai, to vaha usa kaThaputalI ke samAna hai, jo dUsare ke izAroM para hI kArya karatI hai| kintu aisI sthiti meM puruSa meM icchA - svAtantrya kA abhAva mAnane para naitika uttaradAyitva kI samasyA uThatI hai / sAmAnya manuSya ko naitikatA ke prati AsthAvAna banAne ke lie Avazyaka hai ki vyakti ko usake zubhAzubha karmoM ke prati uttaradAyI banAyA jA sake aura yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba usake mana meM vizvAsa ho ki use usakI svatantra icchA se kiye gaye apane hI karmoM kA pariNAma prApta hotA hai / yahI karmasiddhAnta hai| jJAtavya hai ki karmasiddhAnta IzvarIya kRpA yA anugraha ke virodha meM jAtA hai, vaha to yaha mAnatA hai ki Izvara bhI karmaphala- vyavasthA ko anyathA nahIM kara sakatA hai / karma kA niyama hI sarvopari hai| karmasiddhAnta aura kAryakAraNa kA niyama AdhAra ke kSetra meM isa karmasiddhAnta kI utanI hI AvazyakatA hai jitanI vijJAna ke kSetra meM kArya-kAraNa- siddhAnta kii| jisa prakAra kAryakAraNa- siddhAnta ke abhAva meM vaijJAnika vyAkhyAyeM asambhava hotI haiM, usI prakAra karma siddhAnta ke abhAva meM nItizAstra bhI artha - zUnya ho jAtA hai / pro. veMkaTaramaNa ke zabdoM meM karmasiddhAnta kAryakAraNa- siddhAnta ke niyamoM evaM mAnyatAoM kA mAnavIya AcAra ke kSetra meM prayoga hai, jisakI upakalpanA yaha hai ki jagat meM sabhI kucha kisI niyama ke adhIna hai| maiksamUlara likhate haiM ki yaha vizvAsa ki koI bhI acchA burA karma binA phala die samApta nahIM hotA, naitika jagat kA vaisA hI vizvAsa hai, jaisA bhautika jagat meM UrjA kI avinAzitA kA niyama hai| yadyapi karmasiddhAnta evaM vaijJAnika kAryakAraNa- siddhAnta meM sAmAnya rUpa se samAnatA pratIta hotI hai, kintu unameM eka maulika antara bhI hai| yaha ki jahA~ kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta kA vivecya jar3a tattva ke kriyA-kalApa hai vahIM karma - siddhAnta kA vivecya

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pro. sAgaramala jaina 96 cetanA sattA ke kriyA-kalApa hai| ataH karmasiddhAnta meM vaisI pUrNa niyatatA nahIM hotI, jaisI kAryakAraNa siddhAnta meM hotI hai| yaha niyatatA evaM svataMtratA kA samucita saMyoga hai| karmasiddhAnta kI maulika svIkRti yahI hai ki pratyeka zubhAzubha kriyA kA koI prabhAva yA pariNAma avazya hotA hai| sAtha hI usa karma-vipAka yA pariNAma kA bhoktA vahI hotA hai, jo kriyA kA kartA hotA hai aura karma evaM vipAka kI yaha paramparA anAdi kAla se cala rahI hai| karmasiddhAnta kI upayogitA karmasiddhAnta kI vyAvahArika upayogitA yaha hai ki vaha na kevala hameM naitikatA ke prati AsthAvAna banAtA hai, apitu vaha hamAre sukha-duHkha Adi kA srota hamAre vyaktitva meM hI khojakara Izvara evaM prativezI arthAt anya vyaktiyoM ke prati kaTutA kA nivAraNa karatA hai| karmasiddhAnta kI sthApanA kA prayojana yahI hai ki naitika kRtyoM ke anivArya phala ke AdhAra para unake preraka kAraNoM evaM anuvartI pariNAmoM kI vyAkhyA kI jA sake, tathA vyaktiyoM ko azubha yA duSkarmoM se vimukha kiyA jA ske| jaina karmasiddhAnta aura anya darzana aitihAsika dRSTi se vedoM meM upasthita prata kA siddhAnta karma-niyama kA Adi srota hai| yadyapi upaniSadoM ke pUrva ke vaidika sAhitya meM karma siddhAnta kA koI suspaSTa vivecana nahIM milatA. phira bhI usameM upasthita Rta ke niyama kI vyAkhyA isa rUpa meM kI jA sakatI hai| pro. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ke zabdoM meM karma (jagat vaicitrya kA) kAraNa hai, aisA vAda upaniSadoM kA sarva-sammatavAda ho, nahIM kahA jA sktaa| bhAratIya cintana meM karma siddhAnta kA vikAsa jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM paramparAoM meM huA hai| yadyapi yaha eka bhinna bAta hai ki jainoM ne karmasiddhAnta kA jo gaMbhIra vivedhana prastuta kiyA vaha anya paramparAoM meM upalabdha nahIM hai| vaidikoM ke lie jo mahattva Rta kA, mImAsako ke lie apUrva kA, naiyAyikoM ke lie adRSTa kA, vedAntiyoM ke lie mAyA kA aura sAMkhyoM ke lie prakRti kA hai, vahI jainoM ke lie karma kA hai| yadyapi sAmAnya dRSTi se dekhane para vedoM kA Rta, mImAMsako kA apUrva, naiyAyikoM kA adRSTa, anaitiyoM kI mAyA, sAMkhyoM kI prakRti evaM bauddhoM kI avidyA yA saMskAra paryAyavAcI se lagate haiM, kyoMki vyakti ke bandhana evaM usake sukha-duHkha kI sthitiyoM meM inakI mukhya bhUmikA hai, phira bhI inake svarUpa meM dArzanika dRSTi se antara bhI hai, yaha bAta hameM dRSTigata rakhanI hogii| IsAIdharma aura islAmadharma meM bhI karma-niyama ko sthAna milA hai| phira bhI IzvarIya anugraha para adhika bala dene ke kAraNa unameM karma-niyama ke prati AsthA ke sthAna para Izvara ke prati vizvAsa hI pramukha rahA hai| Izvara kI avadhAraNA ke abhAva ke kAraNa bhArata kI zramaNa paramparA karmasiddhAnta ke prati adhika AsthAvAna rahI hI, bauddha-darzana meM bhI jainoM ke samAna hI karma-niyama ko sarvopari mAnA gyaa| hindUdharma meM bhI IzvarIya vyavasthA ko karma-niyama ke adhIna lAyA gayA, usameM Izvara karma-niyama kA vyavasthApaka hokara bhI usake adhIna hI kArya karatA hai|

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97 jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa jaina karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsa krama jaina karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsa kisa krama meM huA, isa prazna kA samAdhAna utanA sarala nahIM hai, jitanA ki hama samajhate haiN| sAmAnya vizvAsa to yaha hai ki jaina dharma kI taraha yaha bhI anAdi hai, kintu vidvat-varga ise svIkAra nahIM karatA hai| yadi jaina kArmasiddhAnta ke vikAsa kA koI samAdhAna denA ho to, vaha jaina Agama evaM karmasiddhAnta siddhAnta sambandhI granthoM ke kAlakrama ke AdhAra para hI diyA jA sakatA hai, usake atirikta anya vikalpa nahIM hai| jaina AgamasAhitya meM AcArAMga prAcInatama hai| usa grantha meM jaina karmasiddhAnta kA cAhe vikasita svarUpa upalabdha na ho, kintu usakI mUlabhUta avadhAraNAe~ avazya upasthita hai| karma se upAdhi yA bandhana hotA hai, karma raja hai, karma kA Asava hotA hai, sAdhaka ko karmazarIra ko dhuna DAlanA cAhie Adi vicAra usameM parilakSita hote haiM / isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki AcArAMga ke kAla meM karma ko spaSTa rUpa se bandhana kA kAraNa mAnA jAtA thA aura karma ke bhautika pakSa kI svIkRti ke sAtha yaha bhI mAnA jAtA thA ki karma kI nirjarA kI jA sakatI hai| sAtha hI AcArAMga meM zubhAzubha karmoM kA zubhAzubha vipAka hotA hai, yaha avadhAraNA bhI upasthita hai| usake anusAra bandhana kA mUla kAraNa mamatva hai| bandhana se mukti kA upAya mamatva kA visarjana aura samatva kA sarjana hai 6 1 - sUtrakRtAMga kA prathama zrutaskandha bhI AcArAMga se kiMcita hI paravartI mAnA jAtA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke kAla meM yaha prazna bahucarcita thA, ki karma kA phala saMvibhAga sambhava hai yA nahIM ? isameM spaSTa rUpa se yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki vyakti apane svakRta karmoM kA hI vipAka anubhava karatA hai / bandhana ke sambandha meM sUtrakRtAMga spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki kucha vyakti karma aura akarma ko vIrya (puruSArtha ) kahate haiN| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki karma ke sandarbha meM yaha vicAra logoM ke mana meM utpanna ho gayA thA, ki yadi karma hI bandhana hai to phira akarma arthAt niSkriyatA hI bandhana se bacane kA upAya hogA, kintu sUtrakRtAMga ke anusAra akarma kA artha niSkriyatA nahIM hai| isameM pratipAdita hai ki pramAda karma hai aura apramAda akarma hai| vastutaH kisI kriyA kI bandhakatA usake kriyA rUpa hone para nahIM, apitu usake pIche rahI pramattatA yA apramattatA para nirbhara hai| yahAM pramAda kA artha hai AtmacetanA (Self-awareness ) kA abhAva / jisa AtmA kA viveka jAgRta nahIM haiM aura jo kaSAyayukta haiM, vahI parisupta yA pramatta hai aura jisakA viveka jAgRta hai aura jo vAsanA - mukta hai vahI apramatta hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM hI hameM kriyAoM ke do rUpoM kI carcA bhI milatI hai 1. sAmparAyika aura 2. IryApathika 7 / rAga, dveSa, krodha Adi kaSAyoM se yukta kriyAyeM sAmparAyika kahI jAtI hai, jabaki inase rahita kriyAyeM IryApathika kahI jAtI haiN| sAmparAyika kriyAyeM bandhaka hotI hai, jabaki IryApathika bandhanakAraka, nahIM hotii| isase isa niSkarSa para pahucate haiM ki sUtrakRtAMga meM kauna sA karma bandhana kA kAraNa hogA aura kauna sA karma bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM hogA, isakI eka kasauTI prastuta kara dI gaI hai| AcArAMga meM pratipAdita mamatva kI apekSA isameM pramattatA aura kapAya ko bandhanakA pramukha kAraNa mAnA gayA hai|

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pro. sAgaramala jaina yadi hama bandhana ke kAraNoM kA aitihAsika dRSTi se vizleSaNa kareM, to yaha pAte haiM ki prArambha meM mamatva ( merepana) ko bandhana kA kAraNa mAnA gayA, phira AtmavismRti yA pramAda ko| jaba pramAda kI vyAkhyA kA prazna AyA, to spaSTa kiyA gayA ki rAga-dveSa kI upasthiti hI pramAda hai| ataH rAga-dveSa ko bandhana kA kAraNa batAyA gyaa| rAga-dveSa kA kAraNa moha mAnA gayA, ataH uttarAdhyayana meM rAga-dveSa evaM moha ko bandhana kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| inameM moha mithyAtva aura kaSAya kA saMyukta rUpa hai| pramAda ke sAtha inameM avirati evaM yoga ke jur3ane para jaina paramparA meM bandhana ke 5 kAraNa mAne jAne lage / samayasAra Adi meM pramAda ko kaSAya kA hI eka rUpa mAnakara bandhana ke cAra kAraNoM kA ullekha milatA hai / inameM yoga bandhanakAraka hote hue bhI vastutaH jaba taka kaSAya ke sAtha yukta nahIM hotA hai, bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM banatA hai| ataH prAcIna granthoM meM bandhana ke kAraNoM kI carcA meM mukhya rUpa se rAga-dveSa ( kapAya ) evaM moha ( mithyAdRSTi) kI hI carcA huI hai| jaina karmasiddhAnta ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se karmaprakRtiyoM kA vivecana bhI mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| karma kI aSTa mUlaprakRtiyoM kA sarva prathama nirdeza hameM RSibhASita ke pArzva nAmaka adhyayana meM upalabdha hotA hai| 1 / isameM 8 prakAra kI karmagranthiyoM kA ullekha hai| yadyapi vahA~ inake nAmoM kI koI carcA upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| 8 prakAra kI karmaprakRtiyoM ke nAmoM kA spaSTa ullekha hameM uttarAdhyayana ke 33veM adhyAya meM aura sthAnAMga meM milatA hai| 2 sthAnAMga kI apekSA bhI uttarAdhyayana meM yaha varNana vistRta hai, kyoMki isameM avAntara karma prakRtiyoM kI carcA bhI huI hai| isameM jJAnAvaraNa karma kI 5, darzanAvaraNa kI 9, vedanIya kI 2, mohanIya kI 2 evaM 28, nAmakarma kI 2 evaM aneka, AyuSyakarma kI 4, gotrakarma kI 2 aura antarAya karma kI 5 avAntara prakRtiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai13| Age jo karmasAhitya sambandhI grantha nirmita hue unameM nAmakarma kI prakRtiyoM kI saMkhyA meM aura bhI vRddhi huI, sAtha hI unameM AtmA meM kisa avasthA meM kitanI karmaprakRtiyoM kA udaya, sattA, bandha Adi hote haiM, isakI bhI carcA huii| vastutaH jaina karmasiddhAnta I.pU. AThavIM zatI se lekara IsvI san kI sAtavIM zatIM taka lagabhaga pandraha sau varSa kI sudIrgha avadhi meM vyavasthita hotA rahA hai| yaha eka sunizcita satya hai ki karmasiddhAnta kA jitanA gahana vizleSaNa jaina paramparA ke karmasiddhAnta sambandhI sAhitya meM huA, utanA anyatra kisI bhI paramparA meM nahIM huA hai| karma zabda kA artha jaba hama jaina karmasiddhAnta kI bAta karate haiM, to hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki usameM karma zabda eka vizeSa artha meM prayukta huA hai| vaha artha karma ke usa sAmAnya artha kI apekSA adhika vyApaka hai| sAmAnyatayA koI bhI kriyA karma kahalAtI hai, pratyeka halacala cAhe vaha mAnasika ho, vAcika ho yA zArIrika ho, karma hai| kintu jaina paramparA meM jaba hama karma zabda kA prayoga karate haiM, to vahA~ ye kriyAyeM tabhI karma banatI hai, jaba ye bandhana kA kAraNa hoN| mImAmAdarzana meM karma kA tAtparya yajJa-yAga Adi kriyAoM se liyA jAtA hai| gItA Adi meM karma

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99 1 kA artha apane varNAzrama ke anusAra kiye jAne vAla karmoM se liyA gayA hai| yadyapi gItA eka vyApaka artha meM bhI karma zabda kA prayoga karatI hai| usake anusAra manuSya jo bhI karatA hai yA karane kA Agraha rakhatA hai, ve sabhI pravRttiyA~ karma kI zreNI meM AtI haiN| bauddhadarzana meM cetanA ko hI karma kahA gayA hai| buddha kahate haiM ki "bhikSuoM karma, cetanA hI hai", aisA maiM isalie kahatA hUM ki cetanA ke dvArA hI vyakti karma ko karatA hai, kAyA se, mana se yA vANI se 14 isa prakAra bauddhadarzana meM karma ke samutthAna yA kAraka ko hI karma kahA gayA hai| bauddhadarzana meM Age calakara cetanA karma aura cetyitvA karma kI carcA huI hai| cetanA karma mAnasika karma hai, cetayitvA karma vAcika evaM kAyika karma haiM 15 | kintu hameM dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki jaina karmasiddhAnta meM karma zabda adhika vyApaka artha meM gRhIta huA hai| usameM mAtra kriyA ko hI karma nahIM kahA gayA, apitu usake hetu (kAraNa) ko bhI karma kahA gayA hai| AcArya devendrasUri likhate haiM jIva kI kriyA kA hetu hI karma hai 16 / kintu hama mAtra hetu ko bhI karma nahIM kaha sakate haiN| hetu, usase niSpanna kriyA aura usa kriyA kA pariNAma, sabhI milakara jaina darzana meM karma kI paribhASA ko spaSTa karate haiN| paM. sukhalAla jI saMghavI likhate haiM ki -- mithyAtva kaSAya Adi kAraNoM se jIva dvArA jo kiyA jAtA hai karma kahalAtA hai| merI dRSTi se isake sAtha hI sAtha karma meM usa kriyA ke vipAka ko bhI sammilita karanA hogaa| isa prakAra karma ke hetu, kriyA aura kriyA- vipAka, sabhI milakara karma kahalAte haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ne karma ke do pakSa mAne haiM 1. rAga-dveza evaM kaSAya ye sabhI manobhAva, bhAva karma kahe jAte haiN| 2. karma - pudgala dravyakarma kahe jAte haiN| ye bhAvakarma ke pariNAma hote haiM, sAtha hI manojanyakarma kI utpatti kA nimitta kAraNa bhI hote haiN| yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki ye karma hetu (bhAvakarma) aura karmapariNAma (dravyakarma ) bhI paraspara kArya-kAraNa bhAva rakhate haiN| ---- 11 karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa sabhI Astika darzanoM ne eka aisI sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai, jo AtmA yA cetanA kI zuddhatA ko prabhAvita karatI hai| use vedAnta meM mAyA, sAMkhya meM prakRti, nyAyadarzana meM adRSTa evaM mImAMsA meM apUrva kahA gayA hai| bauddhadarzana meM use hI avidyA aura saMskAra (vAsanA) ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yogadarzana meM ise Azaya kahA jAtA hai, to zaivadarzana meM yaha pAza kahalAtI hai| jainadarzana isI AtmA kI vizuddhatA ko prabhAvita karane vAlI zakti ko 'karma' kahatA hai| jaina darzana meM karma ke nimitta kAraNoM ke rUpa meM karma pudgala ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jabaki isake upAdAna ke rUpa meM AtmA ko hI mAnA gayA hai| AtmA ke bandhana meM karma pudgala nimitta kAraNa hai aura svayaM AtmA upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai| karma kA bhautika svarUpa jainadarzana meM karma cetanA se utpanna kriyA mAtra nahIM hai, apitu yaha svatantra tattva bhI hai| AtmA ke bandhana kA kAraNa kyA hai ? jaba yaha prazna jaina dArzanikoM ke samakSa AyA to unhoMne batAyA ki AtmA ke bandhana kA kAraNa kevala AtmA nahIM ho sakatI / vastutaH kaSAya (rAga-dvega) athavA moha (mithyAtva ) Adi jo bandhaka manovRttiyA~ haiM, ve bhI svataH utpanna nahIM ho sakatIM, jaba taka ki ve pUrvabaddha karmavargaNAoM ke vipAka (saMskAra) ke rUpa meM cetanA ke

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pro. sAgaramala jaina 100 samakSa upasthita nahIM hotI hai| jisa prakAra manovaijJAnika dRSTi se zarIra-rasAyanoM ke parivartana se saMvega (manobhAva) utpanna hote haiM aura una saMvegoM ke kAraNa hI zarIra-rasAyanoM meM parivartana hotA hai| yahI sthiti AtmA kI bhI hai| pUrva karmoM ke kAraNa AtmA meM rAga-dveSa Adi manobhAva utpanna ( udita) hote haiM aura ina udaya meM Aye manobhAvoM ke kriyArUpa pariNita hone para AtmA navIna karmoM kA saMcaya karatA hai| bandhana kI dRSTi se karmavargaNAoM ke kAraNa manobhAva utpanna hote hai aura una manobhAvoM ke kAraNa jar3a karmavargaNAeM karma kA svarUpa grahaNa kara AtmA ko bandhana meM DAlatI haiN| jaina vicArakoM ke anusAra ekAnta rUpa se na to AtmA svataH hI bandhana kA kAraNa hai, na karmavargaNA ke pudgala hii| donoM nimitta evaM upAdAna ke rUpa se eka dUsare se saMyukta hokara hI bandhana kI prakriyA ko janma dete haiN| dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma karmavargaNAe~ yA karma kA bhautika pakSa, dravyakarma kahalAtA hai| jabaki karma kI caitasika avasthAe~ arthAt manovRttiyA~, bhAvakarma hai| AtmA ke manobhAva yA cetanA kI vividha vikArita avasthAe~ bhAvakarma hai aura ye manobhAva jisa nimitta se utpanna hote haiM, vaha pudgala-dravya dravyakarma hai| AcArya nemicanda gommaTasAra meM likhate haiM ki pudgala dravyakarma hai aura usakI cetanA ko prabhAvita karane vAlI zakti bhAvakarma hai17 | AtmA meM jo mithyAtva aura kaSAya athavA rAga-dveSa Adi bhAva hai, ve hI bhAva karma haiM aura unakI upasthiti meM karmavargaNA ke jo pudgala paramANu jJAnAvaraNa Adi karmaprakRtiyoM ke rUpa meM pariNata hote haiM, ve hI dravyakarma haiN| dravyakarma kA kAraNa bhAvakarma hai aura bhAvakarma kA kAraNa dravya karma hai| AcArya vidyAnandi ne aSTasahastrI meM dravyakarma ko AvaraNa va bhAkkarma ko doSa kahA hai| cUMki dravyakarma Atmazakti ke prakaTana ko rokatA hai, isalie vaha AvaraNa hai aura bhAva karma svayaM AtmA kI vibhAva avasthA hai, ataH vaha doSa hai18| karmavargaNA ke pudgala taba taka karma rUpa meM pariNita nahIM hote haiM, jaba taka ye bhAvakoM dvArA prerita nahIM hote hai| kintu sAtha hI yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki AtmA meM jo vibhAvadazAe~ haiM, unake nimitta kAraNa ke rUpa meM dravyakarma bhI apanA kArya karate haiN| yaha satya hai ki dUSita manovikAroM kA janma AtmA meM hI hotA hai, kintu usake nimitta (pariveza) ke rUpa meM karmavargaNAe~ apanI bhUmikA kA avazya nirvAha karatI haiN| jisa prakAra hamAre svabhAva meM parivartanakA kAraNa hamAre jaiva-rasAyanoM evaM rakta-rasAyanoM kA parivartana hai| usI prakAra karmavargaNAe~ hamAre manovikAroM ke sRjana meM nimitta kAraNa hotI hai| punaH jisa prakAra hamAre manobhAvoM ke AdhAra para hamAre jaiva-rasAyana evaM raktarasAyana meM parivartana hotA hai, vaise hI AtmA meM vikArI bhAvoM ke kAraNa jar3a karmavargaNA ke pudgala karma rUpa meM pariNita ho jAte hai| ataH dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma bhI paraspara sApekSa hai| paM. sukhalAla jI likhate haiM bhAkkarma ke hone meM dravyakarma nimitta hai aura dravyakarma ke hone meM bhAvakarma nimitta hai19| donoM Apasa meM bIjAMkura kI taraha sambaddha haiN| jisa prakAra bIja se vRkSa aura vRkSa se bIja utpanna hotA hai| unameM kisI ko pUrvApara nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, vaise inameM bhI kisI kI pUrvAparatA kA nizcaya nahIM ho sakatA hai| pratyeka dravyakarma kI apekSA se bhAkkarma pUrva hogA tathA pratyeka bhAvakarma kI apekSA se

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101 dravyakarma pUrva hogA / dravyakarma evaM bhAvakarma kI isa AvadhAraNA ke AdhAra para jaina- karmasiddhAnta adhika yuktisaMgata bana gayA hai| jaina karmasiddhAnta karma ke bhAvAtmaka pakSa para samucita bala dete bhI jar3a aura cetana ke madhya eka vAstavika sambandha banAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| karma jar3a jagat evaM cetanA ke madhya eka yojaka kar3I hai| jahA~ eka ora sAMkhya- yoga darzana ke anusAra karma - pUrNataH jar3a prakRti se sambandhita hai| ataH unake anusAra vaha prakRti hI hai, jo bandhana meM AtI hai aura mukta hotI hai| vahIM dUsarI ora bauddha darzana ke anusAra karma saMskAra rUpa hai ataH ve caittasika haiN| isalie unheM mAnanA par3A ki cetanA hI bandhana evaM mukti kA kAraNa hai| kintu jaina vicAraka ina ekAMgI dRSTikoNoM se santuSTa nahIM ho paaye| unake anusAra saMsAra kA artha haijar3a aura cetana kA pArasparika bandhana yA unakI pArasparika prabhAvazIlatA tathA mukti kA artha hai-- jar3a evaM cetana kI eka dUsare ko prabhAvita karane kI sAmarthya kA samApta ho jaanaa| bhautika evaM abhautika pakSoM kI pArasparika prabhAvakatA jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa jina dArzanikoM ne carama-satya ke sambandha meM advaita kI dhAraNA ke sthAna para dvaita kI dhAraNA svIkAra kI, unake lie yaha prazna banA rahA ki ve donoM tattva eka dUsare ko kisa prakAra prabhAvita karate haiN| aneka vicArakoM ne dvaita ko svIkArate hue bhI unake pArasparika sambandha ko asvIkAra kiyaa| kintu jagat kI vyAkhyA inake pArasparika sambandha ke abhAva meM sambhava nahIM hai| pazcima meM yaha samasyA dekArta ke sAmane prastuta huI thI / dekArta ne isakA hala pArasparika pratikriyAvAda ke AdhAra para kiyA bhI, kintu spInojA usase santuSTa nahIM hue, unhoMne prazna uThAyA ki do svatantra sattAoM meM paraspara pratikriyA sambhava kaise hai ? ataH spInojA ne pratikriyAvAda ke sthAna para samAnAntaravAda kI sthApanA kii| lAIbinIja ne pUrvasthApita sAmaMjasya kI avadhAraNA prastuta kI 20 / bhAratIya cintana meM bhI prAcIna kAla se isa sambandha meM prayatna hue haiN| usameM yaha prazna uThAyA gayA ki liMgazarIra yA karmazarIra AtmA ko kaise prabhAvita kara sakatA hai ? sAMkhya darzana puruSa aura prakRti ke dvaita ko svIkAra kara ke bhI inako pArasparika sambandha ko nahIM samajhA pAyA, kyoMki usane puruSa ko kUTastha nitya mAna liyA thA, kintu jaina darzana ne apane vastuvAdI aura pariNAmavAdI vicAroM ke AdhAra para inakI saphala vyAkhyA kI hai| vaha batAtA hai ki jisa prakAra jar3a mAdaka padArtha cetanA ko prabhAvita karate haiM, usI prakAra jar3a karmavarmaNAoM kA prabhAva cetana AtmA para par3atA hai, ise svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMsAra kA artha hai jar3a aura cetana kA vAstavika sambandha / isa sambandha kI vAstavikatA ko svIkAra kiye binA jagat kI vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM hai| mUrtakarma kA amUrta AtmA para prabhAva yaha bhI satya hai ki karma mUrta hai aura ve hamArI cetanA ko prabhAvita karate haiN| jaise mUrta bhautika viSayoM kA cetana vyakti se sambandha hone para sukha-duHkha Adi kA anubhava yA vedanA --

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pro. sAgaramala jaina 102 hotI hai, vaise hI karma ke pariNAma svarUpa bhI vedanA hotI hai, ataH ve mUrta haiN| kintu dArzanika dRSTi se yaha prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yadi karma mUrta hai to, vaha amUrta AtmA para prabhAva kaise DAlegA? jisa prakAra vAyu aura agni amUrta AkAza para kisI prakAra kA prabhAva nahIM DAla sakatI hai, usI prakAra karma kA amUrta AtmA para bhI koI prabhAva nahIM honA caahie| jainadArzanika yaha mAnate haiM ki jaise amUrta jJAnAdi guNoM para mUrta madirAdi kA prabhAva par3atA hai, vaise hI amUrta jIva para bhI mUrta karma kA prabhAva par3atA hai| ukta prazna kA dUsarA tarka-saMgata evaM nirdoSa samAdhAna yaha bhI hai ki karma ke sambandha se AtmA kathaMcit mUrta bhI hai| kyoMki saMsArIAtmA anAdikAla se karmadravya se sambaddha hai, isa apekSA se AtmA sarvathA amUrta nahIM hai, apitu karma se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa svarUpataH amUrtaH hote hue bhI vastutaH kathaMcit mUrta hai| isa dRSTi se bhI AtmA para mUrtakarma kA upaghAta, anugraha aura prabhAva par3atA hai| vastutaH jisa para karmasiddhAnta kA niyama lAgU hotA hai, vaha vyaktitva amUrta nahIM hai| hamArA vartamAna vyaktitva zarIra (bhautika) aura AtmA (abhautika ) kA eka viziSTa saMyoga hai| zarIrI AtmA bhautika bAhya tathyoM se aprabhAvita nahIM raha sktaa| jaba taka AtmA-zarIra (karma-zarIra ) ke bandhana se mukta nahIM ho jAtI, taba taka vaha apane ko bhautika prabhAvoM se pUrNatayA aprabhAvita nahIM rakha sktii| mUrta zarIra ke mAdhyama se hI usa para mUrtakarma kA prabhAva par3atA hai| AtmA aura karmavargaNAoM meM vAstavika sambandha svIkAra karane para yaha prazna uThatA hai ki mukta avasthA meM bhI jar3a karmavargaNAe~ AtmA ko prabhAvita kie binA nahIM raheMgI, kyoMki mukti-kSetra meM bhI karmavargaNAoM kA astitva to hai hii| isa sandarbha meM jaina AcAryoM kA uttara yaha hai ki jisa prakAra kIcar3a meM rahA lohA jaMga khAtA hai, parantu svarNa nahIM, usI prakAra jar3akarma pudgala usI AtmA ko vikArI banA sakate haiM, jo rAga-dveSa se azuddha hai| vastutaH jaba taka AtmA bhautika zarIra se yukta hotA hai, tabhI taka karmavargaNA ke pudgala use prabhAvita kara sakate hai| AtmA meM pUrva se upasthita karmavargaNA ke pudgala hI bAhya-jagat ke karmavargaNAoM ko AkarSita kara sakate haiN| mukta avasthA meM AtmA azarIrI hotA hai ataH use karmavargaNA ke pudgala prabhAvita karane meM samartha nahIM hote haiN| karma evaM unake vipAka kI paramparA karma evaM unake vipAka kI paramparA se hI yaha saMsAra-cakra pravartita hotA hai| dArzanika dRSTi se yaha prazna mahattvapUrNa hai ki karma aura AtmA kA sambandha kaba se huA yadi hama yaha sambandha sAdi arthAt kAla vizeSa meM huA, aisA mAnate haiM, to yaha mAnanA hogA ki usake pahale AtmA mukta thA aura yadi mukta AtmA ko bandhana meM Ane kI sambhAvanA ho to phira mukti kA koI mUlya hI nahIM raha jAtA hai| yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki AtmA anAdikAla se bandhana meM hai, to phira yaha mAnanA hogA ki yadi bandhana anAdi hai to vaha ananta bhI hogA, aisI sthiti meM mukti kI sambhAvanA hI samApta ho jaayegii| jaina dArzanikoM ne isa samasyA kA samAdhAna isa rUpa meM kiyA ki karma aura vipAka kI yaha paramparA karma vizeSa kI apekSA se to sAdi aura sAnta hai, kintu pravAha kI apekSA se

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103 jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa anAdi aura ananta hai| punaH karma aura vipAka kI paramparA kA yaha pravAha bhI vyakti vizeSa kI dRSTi se anAdi to hai, ananta nhiiN| kyoMki pratyeka karma apane bandhana kI dRSTi se sAdi haiN| yadi vyakti navIna karmoM kA Agamana roka sake to yaha paramparA svataH hI samApta ho jAyegI, kyoMki karma-vizeSa to sAdi hai hI aura jo sAdi hai, vaha kabhI samApta hogA hii| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra rAga-dveSa rUpI karmabIja ke bhana jAne para karma pravAha kI paramparA samApta ho jAtI hai| karma aura vipAka kI paramparA ke sambandha meM yahI eka aisA dRSTikoNa hai jisake AdhAra para bandhana kA anAditva va mukti se anAvRtti kI samucita vyAkhyA sambhava hai| karmaphalasaMvibhAga kA prazna kyA eka vyakti apane zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala dUsare ko de sakatA hai yA nahIM athavA dUsare ke karmoM kA phala use prApta hotA hai yA nahIM, yaha dArzanika dRSTi se eka mahattvapUrNa prazna hai| bhAratIya cintana meM hindUparamparA mAnatI hai ki vyakti ke zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala usake pUrvajoM va santAnoM ko mila sakatA hai| isa prakAra vaha isa siddhAnta ko mAnatI hai ki karmaphala kA saMvibhAga sambhava hai| isake viparIta bauddha paramparA kahatI hai ki vyakti ke puNyakarma kA hI saMvibhAga ho sakatA hai, pApakarma kA nhiiN| kyoMki pApakarma meM usakI anumati nahIM hotI haiN| punaH unake anusAra pApa sImita hotA hai ataH isakA saMvibhAga nahIM ho sakatA, kintu puNya ke aparimita hone se usakA hI saMvibhAga sambhava hai| 22 kintu isa sambandha meM jainoM kA dRSTikoNa bhinna hai, unake anusAra vyakti apane karmoM kA phala vipAka na to dUsaroM ko de sakatA hai aura na dUsare ke zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala use mila sakatA hai| jaina dArzanika spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahate haiM ki karma aura usakA vipAka vyakti kA apanA svakRta hotA hai| 23 jaina karmasiddhAnta meM karmaphalasaMvibhAga kA artha samajhane ke lie hameM nimitta kAraNa aura upAdAna kAraNa ke bheda ko samajhanA hogaa| dUsarA vyakti hamAre sukha-duHkha meM aura hama dUsare ke sukha-duHkha meM nimitta ho sakate haiM, kintu bhoktA aura kartA to vahI hotA hai| ataH upAdAna kI dRSTi se to karma aura usakA vipAka arthAt sukha-duHkha kA anubhava svakRta hai| nimitta kI dRSTi se unheM parakRta kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu nimitta apane Apa meM mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| kyoMki karma saMkalpa to hamArA apanA hI hotA hai evaM karma ke vipAka kI anubhUti bhI hamArI hI hotI hai| ataH upAdAna kAraNa kI dRSTi se to karma evaM usake vipAka meM saMvibhAga sambhava nahIM hai| na to dUsarA vyakti hameM sukhI yA duHkhI kara sakatA hai aura na hama dUsare ko sukhI yA duHkhI kara sakate hai| hama adhika se adhika dUsare ke sukha-duHkha ke nimitta ho sakate haiN| lekina aisI nimittatA to bhautika padArthoM ke sandarbha meM bhI hotI hai| satya to yaha hai ki karma aura usakA vipAka donoM hI vyakti ke apane hote haiN| karmavipAka kI niyatatA va aniyatatA

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pro. sAgaramala jaina karmasiddhAnta kI dRSTi se yaha prazna bhI mahattvapUrNa hai ki kyA jina karmoM kA bandha kiyA gayA hai, unakA vipAka vyakti ko bhoganA hI hotA hai| jaina karmasiddhAnta meM karmoM ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai. 1. niyatavipAkI aura 2. aniyatavipAkI / kucha karma aise hote haiM, jinakA jisa phalavipAka ko lekara bandha kiyA gayA hai, usI rUpa meM unake phala ke vipAka kA vedana karanA hotA hai, kintu isake atirikta kucha karma aise bhI hote haiM, jinake vipAka kA vedana usI rUpa meM nahIM karanA hotA, jisa rUpa meM unakA bandha hotA hai| jaina karmasiddhAnta mAnatA hai ki jo karma tIvra kaSAyoM se udbhUta hote haiM unakA bandha bhI pragAr3ha hotA hai aura vipAka bhI niyata hotA hai / pAramparika zabdAvalI meM unheM nikAcita kahate haiN| isake viparIta jina karmoM ke sampAdana ke pIche kaSAyabhAva alpa hotA hai, unakA bandhana zithila hotA hai aura unake vipAka kA saMvedana Avazyaka nahIM hotA hai| ve tapa evaM pazcAtApa ke dvArA apanA phala vipAka diye binA hI samApta ho jAte haiN| vaiyaktika dRSTi se sabhI AtmAoM meM karmavipAka parivartana karane kI kSamatA nahIM hotI hai| kevala ve hI vyakti jo AdhyAtmika UMcAI para sthita haiM, karmavipAka meM parivartana kara sakate haiN| punaH ve bhI unhIM karmoM ke vipAka ko anyathA kara sakate haiM, jinakA bandha aniyatavipAkI karma ke rUpa meM huA hai| niyatavipAkI karmoM kA bhoga to anivArya hai| isa prakAra jaina karmasiddhAnta apane ko niyativAda aura yadRcchAvAda donoM kI ekAMgikatA se bacAtA hai I 104 vastutaH karmasiddhAnta meM karmavipAka kI niyatatA aura aniyatatA kI virodhI dhAraNAoM ke samanvaya ke abhAva meM naitika jIvana kI yathArtha vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM hAtI hai| yadi ekAnta rUpa se karmavipAka kI niyatatA ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, to naitika AcaraNa kA cAhe niSedhAtmaka rUpa meM kucha sAmAjika mUlya banA rahe, lekina usakA vidhAyaka mUlya to pUrNatayA samApta ho jAtA hai, kyoMki niyata bhaviSya ke badalane kI sAmarthya naitika jIvana meM nahIM raha pAtI hai| dUsare, yadi karmoM ko pUrNataH aniyatavipAkI mAnA jAye, to naitika vyavasthA kA hI koI artha nahIM raha jAtA hai| vipAka kI pUrNaniyatatA mAnane para nirdhAraNavAda aura vipAka kI pUrNa aniyatatA mAnane para anirdhAraNavAda kI sambhAvanA hogI, lekina donoM hI dhAraNAe~ aikAntika rUpa meM naitika jIvana kI samucita vyAkhyA kara pAne meM asamartha haiN| ataH karmavipAka kI AMzika niyatatA hI eka tarkasaMgata dRSTikoNa hai, jo naitika darzana kI samyak vyAkhyA prastuta karatA hai| karma kI vibhinna avasthAe~ 24 jaina darzana meM karmoM kI vibhinna avasthAoM para cintana huA hai aura batAyA gayA hai ki karma ke bandha aura vipAka (udaya) ke bIca kauna-kauna sI avasthAyeM ghaTita ho sakatI haiM, punaH ce kisa sImA taka AtmasvAtantrya ko kuNThita karatI haiM athavA kisI sImA taka AtmasvAtantrya ko abhivyakta karatI hai, isakI carcA bhI kI gayI hai| ye avasthAe~ nimna haiN| ---- kaSAya evaM yoga ke phalasvarUpa karmavargaNA ke pudgaloM kA AtmapradezoM se jo 1. bandha ----

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sambandha sthApita hotA hai, use bandha kahate haiN| 2. saMkramaNa eka karma ke aneka avAntara bheda hote haiN| jaina karmasiddhAnta ke anusAra karma kA eka bheda apane sajAtIya dUsare bheda meM badala sakatA hai| avAntara karma - prakRtiyoM kA yaha adala-badala saMkramaNa kahalAtA hai| saMkramaNa meM AtmA pUrvabaddha karma prakRti kA navIna karmaprakRti kA bandha karate samaya rUpAntaraNa karatA hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM pUrva baddha duHkhada saMvedana rUpa asAtAvedanIya karma kA navIna sAtAvedanIya karma kA bandha karate samaya sAtAvedanIya karma ke rUpa meM saMkramaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMkramaNa kI yaha kSamatA AtmA kI pavitratA ke sAtha hI bar3hatI jAtI hai| jo AtmA jitanI pavitra hotI hai, usameM saMkramaNa kI kSamatA bhI utanI hI adhika hotI hai| AtmA meM karmaprakRtiyoM ke saMkramaNa kI sAmarthya honA yaha batAtA hai, jahA~ apavitra AtmAe~ paristhitiyoM kI dAsa hotI haiM, vahIM pavitra AtmA paristhitiyoM kI svAmI hotI haiN| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki prathama to mUla karmaprakRtiyoM kA eka dUsare meM kabhI bhI saMkramaNa nahIM hotA hai jaise jJAnAvaraNa darzanAvaraNa meM nahIM badalatA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, darzanamoha karma, cAritramoha karma aura AyuSya karma kI AvAntara prakRtiyoM kA bhI paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotA hai| 3. udvartanA navIna bandha karate samaya AtmA pUrvabaddha karmoM kI kAla maryAdA (sthiti) aura tIvratA (anubhAga ) ko bar3hA bhI sakatA hai| kAla - maryAdA aura tIvratA ko bar3hAne kI yaha prakriyA udvartanA kahalAtI hai| 13 -- 4. apavartanA navIna bandha karate samaya pUrva baddha karmoM kI kAla - maryAdA (sthiti) tIvratA (anubhAga ) ko kama bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai, ise aparvatanA kahate haiM / 105 5. sattA karma ke baddha hone ke pazcAt tathA usake vipAka se pUrva bIca kI avasthA sattA kahalAtI hai| sattA kAla meM karma astitva meM to rahatA hai, kintu vaha sakriya nahIM hotA / -- jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa 6. udaya jaba karma apanA phala denA prArambha karate haiM to vaha avasthA udaya kahalAtI hai / udaya do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai| 1. vipAkodaya aura 2 pradezodaya / karma kA apanA apane phala kI cetana anubhUti karAye binA hI nirjarita honA pradezodaya kahalAtA hai| jaise acetana avasthA meM zalya kriyA kI vedanA kI anubhUti nahIM hotI, yadyapi vedanA kI ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai| isI prakAra binA apanI phalAnubhUti karavAye jo karma paramANu AtmA se nirjarita hote haiM, unakA udaya pradezodaya hotA hai| isake viparIta jina karmoM kI apane vipAka ke samaya phalAnubhUti hotI hai unakA udaya vipAkodaya kahalAtA hai| jJAtavya hai ki vipAkodaya meM pradezodaya anivArya rUpa se hotA hai, lekina pradezodaya meM vipAkodaya ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| - 7. udIraNA apane niyatakAla se pUrva hI pUrvabaddha karmoM ko prayAsapUrvaka udaya meM lAkara unake phaloM ko bhoganA, udIraNA hai| jJAtavya hai ki jisa karmaprakRti kA udaya yA bhoga cala rahA ho, usakI sajAtIya karmaprakRti kI hI udIraNA sambhava hotI hai| ---- 8. upazamana udaya meM A rahe karmoM ke phala dene kI zakti ko kucha samaya ke lie dabA denA athavA kAla-vizeSa ke lie unheM phala dene se akSama banA denA upazamana hai / upazamana meM karma kI

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pro. sAgaramala jaina sattA samApta nahIM hotI, mAtra use kAla vizeSa ke lie phala dene meM akSama banA diyA jAtA hai / isameM karma rAkha se dabI agni ke samAna niSkriya hokara sattA meM bane rahate haiM / 9. nidhatti karma kI vaha avasthA nidhatti hai, jisameM karma na to apane avAntara bhedoM meM rUpAntarita yA saMkramita ho sakate haiM aura na apanA phala pradAna kara sakate haiM, lekina karmoM kI samaya-maryAdA aura vipAka - tIvratA (parimANa) ko kama adhika kiyA jA sakatA hai arthAt isa avasthA meM utkarSaNa aura apakarSaNa sambhava hai, saMkramaNa nahIM / 10. nikAcanA karmoM ke bandhana kA itanA pragAr3ha honA ki unakI kAlamaryAdA evaM tIvratA meM koI bhI parivartana na kiyA jA sake, na samaya se pUrva unakA bhoga hI kiyA jA sake, nikAcanA kahalAtA hai| isa dazA meM karma kA jisa rUpa meM bandhana huA hotA hai, usako usI rUpa meM anivAryatayA bhoganA par3atA hai| 106 ---- karma 1. zuddha 2. zubha 3. azubha isa prakAra jaina karmasiddhAnta meM karma ke phala vipAka kI niyatatA aura aniyatatA ko samyak prakAra se samanvita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai tathA yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jaise-jaise AtmA kaSAyoM se mukta hokara AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dizA meM bar3hatA hai, vaha karma ke phala vipAka kI niyatatA ko samApta karane meM sakSama hotA jAtA hai| karma kitanA balavAna hogA yaha bAta mAtra karma ke bala para nirbhara nahIM hai, apitu AtmA kI pavitratA para bhI nirbhara hai| ina avasthAoM kA citraNa yaha bhI batAtA hai ki karmoM kA vipAka yA udaya eka alaga sthiti hai tathA unase navIna karmoM kA bandha honA yA na honA yaha eka alaga sthiti hai| kaSAya- yukta pramatta AtmA karmoM ke udaya meM navIna karmoM kA bandha karatA hai, isake viparIta kaSAya-mukta apramatta AtmA karmoM ke vipAka meM navIna karmoM kA bandha nahIM karatA hai, mAtra pUrvabaddha karmoM ko nirjarita karatA hai| karma kA zubhatva aura azubhatva 25 karmoM ko sAmAnyatayA zuddha (akarma ), zubha aura azubha, aise tIna vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se inheM nimna tAlikA se sapaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai -- jaina IryApathika puNyakarma pApa karma bauddha avyaktakarma kuzala (zukla ) karma akuzala (kRSNa) karma gItA akarme karma vikarma -- jaina darzana meM karma ke bandhaka hone ke AdhAra para mukhya rUpa se do vibhAga kiye gaye haiN| 1. IryApathika aura 2 sAmparAyika / inameM sAmparAyika karma ko punaH do vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai. (a) azubha (pApa) aura (ba) zubha (punny)| Age hama isI sandarbha meM carcA kreNge| 11 azubha yA pApa karma pAzcAtya anaitika karma naitika karma anaitika karma

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107 jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa jaina AcAryoM ne pApa kI yaha paribhASA dI hai ki -- vaiyaktika sandarbha meM jo AtmA ko bandhana meM DAleM jisake kAraNa AtmA kA patana ho, jo AtmA ke Ananda kA zoSaNa kare aura AtmazaktiyoM kA kSaya kare, vaha pApa hai26| sAmAjika sandarbha meM jo parapIr3A yA dUsaroM ke duHkha kA kAraNa hai, vaha pApa hai ( pApAya prpiiddn)| vastuta: jisa vicAra evaM AcAra se apanA aura para kA ahita ho aura jisase aniSTa phala kI prApti ho vaha pApa hai| naitika jIvana kI dRSTi se ve sabhI karma jo svArtha, ghRNA yA ajJAna ke kAraNa dUsare kA ahita karane kI dRSTi se kiye jAte haiM, pApa karma haiN| itanA hI nahIM, sabhI prakAra ke durvicAra aura durbhAvanAe~ bhI pApa karma hai| pApa yA akuzala karmoM kA vargIkaraNa jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra pApa karma 18 prakAra ke haiM -- 1. prANAtipAta ( hiMsA), 2. mRSAvAda (asatya bhASaNa) 3. adattAdAna ( caurya karma ), 4. maithuna (kAma-vikAra), 5. parigraha (mamatva, mUrchA, tRSNA yA saMcayavRtti), 6. krodha (gussA), 7. mAna (ahaMkAra), 8. mAyA (kapaTa, chala, SaDyantra aura kUTanIti), 9. lobha ( saMcaya yA saMgraha kI vRtti), 10. rAga (Asakti), Te (ghRNA, tiraskAra, IrSyA Adi), 11. kleza (saMgharSa, kalaha, lar3AI, jhagar3A Adi), 12. abhyAkhyAna (doSAropaNa), 13. pizunatA (cugalI), 14. paraparivAda (paranindA), 15. rati-arati (harSa aura zoka), 16. mAyA-mRSA (kapaTa sahita asatya bhASaNa), 17. mithyAdarzanazalya ( ayathArtha jIvanadRSTi)/27 puNya (kuzala karma) puNya yaha hai jisake kAraNa sAmAjika evaM bhautika stara para samatva kI sthApanA hotI hai| mana, zarIra aura bAhya pariveza meM santulana banAnA yaha puNya kA kArya hai| puNya kyA hai isakI vyAkhyA meM tattvArthasUtrakAra kahate haiM -- zubhArasava puNya hai, lekina puNya mAtra Asava nahIM hai, vaha bandha aura vipAka bhI hai| vaha heya hI nahIM hai, upAdeya bhI hai| ataH aneka AcAryoM ne usakI vyAkhyA dUsare prakAra se kI hai| AcArya hemacandra puNya kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM ki-- puNya (azubha) karmoM kA lAdhava hai aura zubha karmoM kA udaya hai| isa prakAra AcArya hemacandra kI dRSTi meM puNya azubha (pApa) karmoM kI alpatA aura zubha karmoM ke udaya ke phalasvarUpa prApta prazasta avasthA kA dyotaka hai| puNya ke nirvANa kI upalabdhi meM sahAyaka svarUpa kI vyAkhyA AdhArya abhayadeva kI sthAnAMgasUtra kI TIkA meM milatI hai| AcArya abhayadeva kahate haiM ki puNya vaha hai jo AtmA ko pavitra karatA hai athavA pavitratA kI ora le jAtA hai| ApArya kI dRSTi meM puNya AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM sahAyaka tattva hai| muni suzIla kumAra likhate haiM ki-- "puNya mokSArthiyoM kI naukA ke lie anukUla vAyu hai, jo naukA ko bhavasAgara se zIghra pAra karA detI hai| 1 jaina kavi banArasIdAsa jI samayasAra nATaka meM kahate haiM ki-- "jisase bhAvoM kI vizuddhi ho, jisase AtmA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ora bar3hatA hai aura jisase isa

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pro. sAgaramala jaina 1 (38 saMsAra meM bhautika samRddhi aura sukha milatA hai, vahI puNya hai|"32 jaina tattvajJAna ke anusAra, puNya-karma ve zubha pudgala-paramANu haiM, jo zubhavRttiyoM evaM kriyAoM ke kAraNa AtmA kI ora AkarSita ho bandha karate haiM aura apane vipAka ke avasara para zubha adhyavasAyoM, zubha vicAroM evaM kriyAoM kI ora prerita karate haiM tathA AdhyAtmika mAnasika evaM bhautika anukUlatAoM ke saMyoga prastuta kara dete haiN| AtmA kI ve manodazAe~ evaM kiyAe~ bhI puNya kahalAtI haiM jo zubha pudgala paramANu ko AkarSita karatI haiN| sAtha hI dUsarI ora ve pudgala-paramANu jo una zubha vRttiyoM evaM kriyAoM ko prerita karate haiM aura apane prabhAva se Arogya, sampatti evaM samyaka zraddhA, jJAna evaM saMyama ke avasara upasthita karate haiM, puNya kahe jAte haiN| zubha manovRttiyA~ bhAvapuNya haiM aura zubha pudgala-paramANu dravyapuNya haiN| puNya yA kuzala karmoM kA vargIkaraNa bhagavatIsUtra meM anukampA, sevA, paropakAra Adi zubha-pravRttiyoM ko puNyopArjana kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai|33 sthAnAMgasUtra meM nau prakAra ke puNya nirupita hai34 -- 1. annapuNya -- bhojanAdi dekara kSudhAta kI kSudhA-nivRtti krnaa| 2. pAnapuNya -- tRSA ( pyAsa ) se pIr3ita vyakti ko pAnI pilAnA / 3. layanapuNya -- nivAsa ke lie sthAna denA jaise dharmazAlAe~ Adi banavAnA / 4. zayanapuNya -- zayyA, bichaunA Adi denaa| 5. vastrapuNya -- vastra kA dAna denaa| 6. manapuNya -- mana se zubha vicAra karanA / jagat ke maMgala kI zubhakAmanA karanA / 7. vacanapuNya-- prazasta evaM saMtoSa denevAlI vANI kA prayoga krnaa| 8. kAyapuNya --rogI, duHkhita evaM pUjya janoM kI sevA krnaa| 9. namaskArapuNya -- gurujanoM ke prati Adara prakaTa karane ke lie unakA abhivAdana krnaa| puNya aura pApa (zubha aura azubha) kI kasauTI zubhAzubhatA yA puNya-pApa ke nirNaya ke do AdhAra ho sakate haiM -- (1) karma kA bAhaya-svarUpa arthAt samAja para usakA prabhAva aura (2) kartA kA abhipraay| ina donoM meM kauna-sA AdhAra yathArtha hai, yaha vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai| gItA aura bauddha-darzana meM kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI kRtyoM kI zubhAzubhatA kA saccA AdhAra mAnA gyaa| gItA spaSTa rUpa se kahatI hai ki -- jisameM kartRtva bhAva nahIM hai, jisakI buddhi nirlipta hai, vaha ina saba logoM ko mAra DAleM to bhI yaha samajhanA cAhie ki usane na to kisI ko mArA hai aura na vaha usa karma se bandhana ko prApta hotA hai| dhammapada meM buddha-vacana bhI aisA hI hai (naiSkarmyasthiti ko prApta ) brAhmaNa mAtA-pitA ko, do kSatriya rAjAoM ko evaM prajAsahita rASTra ko mArakara bhI niSpApa hokara jAtA hai|36 bauddha darzana meM katA ke abhiprAya ko hI puNya-pApa kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| isakA pramANa sUtrakRtAMgasUtra ke Adraka samvAda meM bhI milatA hai| 7 jahA~ taka jaina mAnyatA kA prazna hai, vidvAnoM ke anusAra usameM bhI kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI karma kI zubhAzubhatA kA

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1(19 jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| muni suzIlakumArajI jainadharma pR.160 para likhate haiM, "zubha-azubha karma ke bandha kA mukhya AdhAra manovRttiyAM hI hai| eka DaoNkTara kisI ko pIr3A pahuMcAne ke lie usakA vraNa cIratA hai| usase cAhe rogI ko lAbha hI ho jAye parantu DaoNkTara to pApa-karma ke bandha kA hI bhAgI hogaa| isake viparIta vahI DaoNkTara karuNA apanI zubha-bhAvanA ke kAraNa puNya kA bandha karatA hai|" paMDita sukhalAlajI bhI yahI kahate haiM, puNya-bandha aura pApa-bandha kI kasauTI kevala UparI kiyA nahIM hai, kintu usakI yathArtha kasauTI kartA kA Azaya hI hai ( darzana aura cintana khaNDa 2. pR. 226) / isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina dharma meM bhI karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA ke nirNaya kA AdhAra manovRttiyAM hI hai, phira bhI usameM karma kA bAhaya-svarUpa upekSita nahIM hai| nizcayadRSTi se to manovRttiyAM hI karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA kI nirNayaka haiM, phira bhI vyavahAradRSTi se karma kA bAhya-svarUpa bhI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga (2/6) meM AdrakakumAra bauddhoM kI ekAMgI dhAraNA kA nirasana karate hue kahate haiM ki jo mAMsa khAtA ho -- cAhe na jAnate hue bhI khAtA ho -- to bhI usako pApa lagatA hI hai| hama jAnakara nahIM khAte, isalie doSa (pApa) nahIM lagatA, aisA kahanA asatya nahIM to kyA hai ? isase spaSTa hai ki jaina dRSTi meM manovRtti ke sAtha hI karmoM kA bAhya-svarUpa bhI zubhAzubhatA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| vAstava meM sAmAjika dRSTi yA loka-vyavahAra meM to yahI pramukha nirNAyaka hotA hai| sAmAjika nyAya meM to karma kA bAhya svarUpa hI usakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatA hai, kyoMki Antarika vRtti ko vyakti svayaM jAna sakatA hai, dUsarA nhiiN| jaina dRSTi ekAMgI nahIM hai, vaha samanvayavAdI aura sApekSavAdI hai| vaha vyakti-sApekSa hokara manovRtti ko karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA kA nirNAyaka mAnatI hai aura samAja-sApekSa hokara karmoM ke bAhaya svarUpa para unakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatI hai| usameM dravya (bAhya ) aura bhAva (Antarika ) donoM kA mUlya hai| yoga (bAhya kriyA ) aura bhAva (manovRtti) donoM hI bandhana ke kAraNa mAne gaye haiM, yadyapi usameM manovRtti zubha ho aura kriyA azubha ho, yaha sambhava nhiiN| mana meM zubha bhAva ho to pApAcaraNa sambhava nahIM hai| vaha eka samAlocaka dRSTi se kahatI hai ki mana meM zubha bhAva ho to pApAcaraNa sambhava nahIM hai| vaha eka samAlocaka dRSTi se kahatI hai ki mana meM satya ko samajhate hue bhI bAhara se dUsarI bAteM (azubhAcaraNa) karanA kyA saMyamI puruSoM kA lakSaNa hai ? usakI dRSTi meM siddhAnta aura vyavahAra meM antara AtmapravaMcanA hai| mAnasika hetu para hI jora dene vAlI dhAraNA kA nirasana karate hue sUtrakRtAMga (1/1/24-28) meM kahA gayA hai, karma-bandhana kA satya jJAna nahIM batAne vAle isa vAda ko mAnane vAle kitane hI loga saMsAra meM phaMsate rahate haiM ki pApa lagane ke tIna sthAna hai-- svayaM karane se, dUsare se karAne se, dUsaroM ke kArya kA anumodana karane se| parantu yadi hRdaya pApa-mukta ho to ina tInoM ke karane para bhI nirvANa avazya mile| yaha vAda ajJAna hai, mana se pApa ko pApa samajhate hue jo doSa karatA hai, use nirdoSa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki vaha saMyama ( vAsanA-nigraha ) meM zithila hai| parantu bhogAsakta loga ukta bAteM mAnakara pApa meM par3e haiN|

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pro. sAgaramala jaina 110 pAzcAtya AcAradarzana meM bhI sukhavAdI dArzanika karma kI phalazruti ke AdhAra para unakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karate haiM, jaba ki mArTinyU karmapreraka para unakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra ina donoM pAzcAtya vidhAraNAoM meM apUrNa satya hai --- eka kA AdhAra lokadRSTi hai tathA dUsarI kA AdhAra paramArtha-dRSTi yA zuddha-dRSTi hai| eka vyAvahArika satya hai aura dUsarA pAramArthika sty| naitikatA vyavahAra se paramArtha kI ora prayANa hai, ataH usameM donoM kA hI mUlya hai| kartA ke abhiprAya ko zubhAzubhatA ke nirNaya kA AdhAra mAne, yA karma ke samAja para hone vo pariNAma ko, donoM sthitiyoM meM kisa prakAra kA karma puNya-karma yA ucita karma kahA jAyegA, isa prazna para vicAra karanA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| sAmAnyatayA bhAratIya cintana meM puNya-pApa kI vicAraNA ke sandarbha meM sAmAjika dRSTi hI pramukha hai| jahAM karma-akarma kA vicAra vyakti-sApekSa hai, to vaiyaktika karma-preraka yA vaiyaktika cetanA kI vizuddhatA (vItarAgatA) hI hamAre nirNaya kA AdhAra banatI hai| lekina jaba hama puNya-pApa kA vicAra karate haiM to samAjakalyANa yA lokahita hI hamAre nirNaya kA AdhAra hotA hai| vastutaH bhAratIya cintana meM jIvanAdarza to zubhAzubhatva kI sImA se Upara uThanA hai| usa sandarbha meM vItarAga yA anAsakta jIvanadRSTi kA nirmANa hI vyakti kA parama sAdhya mAnA gayA hai aura vahI karma ke bandhana yA abandhana kA AdhAra hai, lekina zubha aura azubha donoM meM hI rAga to hotA hI hai, rAga ke abhAva meM to karma zubhAzubha se Upara uThakara atinaitika (zuddha) hogaa| zubhAzubha karmoM meM pramukhatA rAga kI upasthiti yA anupasthiti kI nahIM, varan usakI prazastatA yA aprazastatA kI hai| prazasta-rAga zubha yA puNyabandha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai aura aprazasta-rAga azubha yA pApabandha kA kAraNa hai| rAma kI prazastatA usameM deSa kI kamI ke AdhAra para nirbhara karatI hai| yadyapi rAga aura dveSa sAtha-sAtha rahate hai, tathApi jisa rAga ke sAtha dveSa kI mAtrA jitanI alpa aura manda hogI vaha rAga utanA prazasta hogA aura jisa rAga ke sAtha deza kI mAtrA aura tIvratA jitanI adhika hogI, rAga utanA hI aprazasta hogaa| deSavihInarAga yA prazastarAga hI niSkAma prema kahA jAtA hai| usa prema se parArtha yA paropakAravRtti kA udaya hotA hai jo zubha kA sRjana karatI hai| usI se loka-maMgalakArI pravRttiyoM ke rUpa meM puNya-karma nissRta hote haiM, jabaki deSayukta aprazasta rAga hI ghRNA ko janma dekara svArtha-vRtti kA vikAsa karatA hai| usase azubha, amaMgalakArI pApakarma nissRta hote haiN| saMkSepa meM jisa karma ke pIche prema aura parArtha hotA hai, vaha puNya karma hai aura jisa karma ke pIche ghRNA aura svArtha hotA hai, vaha pApa karma hai| . jaina AcAradarzana puNya karmoM ke vargIkaraNa meM jina tathyoM para adhika jora detA hai ve sabhI samAja-sApekSa hai| vastutaH zubha-azubha ke vargIkaraNa meM sAmAjika dRSTi hI pradhAna hai| bhAratIya cintakoM kI dRSTi meM puNya aura pApa kI samagra cintana kA sAra nimna kathana meM samAyA huA hai ki 'paropakAra puNya hai aura parapIr3ana pApa hai| jaina vicArakoM ne puNya-bandha ke dAna, sevA - Adi jina kAraNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unakA pramukha sambandha sAmAjika kalyANa yA loka

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1]] jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa maMgala se hai| isI prakAra pApa ke rUpa meM jina tathyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, ve sabhI loka amaMgalakArI tattva haiN|38 isa prakAra jahA~ taka zubha-azubha yA puNya-pApa ke vargIkaraNa kA prazna hai, hameM sAmAjika sandarbha meM use dekhanA hogA, yadyapi bandhana kI dRSTi se vicAra karate samaya kartA ke Azaya ko bhulAyA nahIM jA sktaa| sAmAjika jIvana meM AcaraNa ke zubhatva kA AdhAra yaha satya hai ki karma ke zubhatva aura azubhatva kA nirNaya anya prANiyoM yA samAja ke prati kiye gaye vyavahAra athavA dRSTikoNa ke sandarbha meM hotA hai, lekina anya prANiyoM ke prati hamArA kauna-sA vyavahAra yA dRSTikoNa zubha hogA aura kauna-sA azubha hogA isakA nirNaya kisa AdhAra para kiyA jAye? bhAratIya cintana ne isa sandarbha meM jo kasauTI pradAna kI hai, vaha yahI hai ki jaisA vyavahAra hama apane lie pratikUla samajhate haiM vaisA AcaraNa dUsare ke prati nahIM karanA aura jaisA vyavahAra hameM anukUla hai vaisA vyavahAra dUsare ke prati karanA yahI zubhAcaraNa hai| isake viparIta jo vyavahAra hameM apane lie pratikUla lagatA hai vaisA vyavahAra dUsare ke prati karanA aura jaisA vyavahAra hameM apane lie anukUla lagatA hai vaisA vyavahAra dUsaroM ke prati nahIM karanA azubhAcaraNa hai| bhAratIya RSiyoM kA yahI saMdeza hai| saMkSepa meM sabhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTi hI vyavahAra ke zubhatva kA pramANa hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra jisa vyakti meM saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTi hai, vahI naitika karmoM kA sraSTA hai| dazavaikAlikasatra meM kahA gayA hai ki samasta prANiyoM ko jo apane samAna samajhatA hai aura jisakA sabhI ke prati samabhAva hai, vaha pApa-karma kA bandha nahIM krtaa| sUtrakRttAMga ke anusAra bhI dharma-adharma ( zubhAzubhatva ) ke nirNaya meM apane samAna dUsare ko samajhanA caahie|40 zubha aura azubha se zuddha kI ora jaina dRSTikoNa -- jaina vicAraNA meM zubha-azubha athavA maMgala-amaMgala kI vAstavikatA svIkAra kI gayI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra tattva nau haiM jinameM puNya aura pApa svatantra tattva hai|1 tattvArthasUtrakAra umAsvAti ne jIva, ajIva, Asava, saMvara, nirjarA, bandha aura mokSa ye sAta tattva ginAye haiM, inameM puNya aura pApa ko nahIM ginAyA hai|42 lekina yaha vivAda mahatvapUrNa nahIM kyoMki jo paramparA unheM svataMtra tattva nahIM mAnatI hai vaha bhI unako Asava tattva ke antargata mAna letI hai| yadyapi puNya aura pApa mAtra Asava nahIM haiM, varan unakA bandha bhI hotA hai aura vipAka bhI hotA hai| ataH Asava ke zubhAsava aura azubhAsava ye do vibhAga karane se kAma nahIM banatA, balki bandha aura vipAka meM bhI do-do bheda karane hoNge| isa kaThinAI se bacane ke lie hI pApa evaM puNya ko svataMtra tattvoM ke rUpa meM gina liyA gayA hai| phira bhI jaina vicAraNA nirvANa-mArga ke sAdhaka ke lie donoM ko heya aura tyAjya mAnatI hai, kyoMki donoM hI bandhana ke kAraNa haiN| vastutaH naitika jIvana kI pUrNatA zubhAzubha yA puNya-pApa se Upara uTha jAne meM hai| zubha (puNya) aura azubha (pApa) kA bheda jaba taka banA

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pro. sAgaramala jaina 112 rahatA hai, naitika pUrNatA nahIM aatii| azubha para pUrNa vijaya ke sAtha hI vyakti zubha ( puNya ) se bhI Upara uThakara zuddha dazA meM sthita ho jAtA hai| RSibhASita sUtra meM RSi kahatA hai ki pUrvakRta puNya aura pApa saMsAra saMtati ke mUla hai| AcArya kundakunda puNya-pApa donoM ko bandhana kA kAraNa kahakara donoM ke bandhakatva kA antara bhI spaSTa kara dete haiN| samayasAra meM ve kahate haiM ki-- azubha karma pApa (kuzIla) aura zubha karma puNya (suzIla) kahe jAte haiM, phira bhI puNya karma evaM pApa karma donoM hI saMsAra (bandhana ) kA kAraNa hai jisa prakAra svarNa kI ber3I bhI lauha-ber3I ke samAna hI vyakti ko bandhana meM rakhatI hai, usI prakAra jIvakRta sabhI zubhAzubha karma bhI bandhana ke kAraNa haiN|44 phira bhI AcArya puNya ko svarNa-ber3I kahakara usakI pApa se kiMcita zreSThatA siddha kara dete haiN| AcArya amRtacandra kA kahanA hai ki pAramArthika dRSTi se puNya aura pApa donoM meM bheda nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki antatogattvA donoM hI bandhana haiN| yahI bAta paM. jayacandrajI bhI kahate haiM -- puNya pApa doU karama, bandharUpa duI maani| zuddha AtmA jina layo, namUM carana hita jaani||10 jainAcAryoM ne puNya ko nirvANa kI dRSTi se heya mAnate hue bhI use nirvANa kA sahAyaka tattva svIkAra kiyA hai| nirvANa prApta karane ke lie antatogatvA puNya ko tyAganA hI hotA hai, phira bhI vaha nirvANa meM ThIka usI prakAra sahAyaka haiM jaise sAbuna vastra ke maila ko sApha karane meM sahAyaka hai phira bhI use alaga karanA hotA hai, vaise hI nirvANa yA zuddhAtma-dazA meM puNya kA honA bhI anAvazyaka hai, use bhI chor3anA hotA hai| jisa prakAra sAbuna mala ko dUra karatA hai aura maila chUTane para svayaM alaga ho jAtA hai, vaise hI puNya bhI pAparUpa mala ko alaga karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai| ataH vyakti jaba azubha (pApa) karma se Upara uTha jAtA hai, taba usakA zubha karma bhI zuddha karma bana jAtA hai| deva para pUrNa vijaya pA jAne para rAga bhI nahIM rahatA hai, ataH rAga-dveSa ke abhAva meM usase jo karma nissRta hote hai, ve zuddha (IryApathika) hote hai| jainAghAradarzana meM rAga-do se rahita hokara kiyA gayA zuddha kArya hI mokSa yA nirvANa kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai aura AsaktipUrvaka kiyA gayA zubha kArya bhI bandhana kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ para gItA kA anAsakta karma-yoga jaina darzana ke atyanta samIpa A jAtA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA kA lakSya azubha karma se zubha karma kI ora aura zubhakarma se zuddhakarma (vItarAga dazA) kI prApti hai| AtmA kA zuddhopayoga hI jaina dharma kA antima sAdhya hai| zuddha karma (akarma) zuddha karma vaha jIvana-vyavahAra hai, jisameM kriyAe~ rAga-dveSa se rahita mAtra kartavyabuddhi se sampAdita hotI hai tathA jo AtmA ko bandhana meM nahIM ddaaltiiN| abandhaka karma hI zuddhakarma haiN| jaina AcAradarzana isa prazna para gaharAI se vicAra karatI haiM ki AcaraNa (kriyA ) evaM bandhana meM kyA sambandha hai ? kyA 'karmaNA badhyate jantuH' kI ukti sarvAzataH satya hai ? eka to karma yA kriyA ke sabhI spa bandhana kI dRSTi se samAna nahIM hai phira yaha bhI sambhava hai ki AcaraNa evaM kriyA ke

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113. jaina kasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa hote hue bhI koI bandhana nahIM ho| lekina yaha nirNaya kara pAnA ki bandhaka karma kyA hai aura abandhaka karma kyA hai, atyanta kaThina hai| gItA kahatI hai ki karma (bandhaka karma) kyA hai aura akarma (abandhaka karma ) kyA hai, isake viSaya meM vidvAna bhI mohita ho jAte haiN|47 karma ke yathArtha svarUpa ke jJAna kA viSaya atyanta gahana hai| yaha karma-samIkSA kA viSaya atyanta gahana aura duSkara kyoM hai, isa prazna kA uttara hameM jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI milatA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki karma, kriyA yA AcaraNa samAna hone para bhI bandhana kI dRSTi se ve bhinna-bhinna prakRti ke ho sakate haiN| mAtra AcaraNa, karma yA puruSArtha ko dekhakara yaha nirNaya denA sambhava nahIM ki vaha naitika dRSTi se kisa prakAra kA hai| jJAnI aura ajJAnI donoM hI samAna vIratA ko dikhAte hue ( arthAt samAnarUpa se karma karate hue bhI adhUre jJAnI aura sarvathA ajJAnI kA, cAhe jitanA parAkrama ( puruSArtha) ho, para vaha azuddha hai aura karma-bandha kA kAraNa hai, parantu jJAna evaM bodha sahita manuSya kA parAkrama zuddha hai aura use usakA kucha phala nahIM bhoganA par3atA / yogya rIti se kiyA huA tapa bhI yadi kIrti kI icchA se kiyA gayA ho to zuddha nahIM hotaa|48 bandhana kI daSTi se karma kA vicAra usake bAya-svarUpa ke AdhAra para hI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, usameM kartA kA prayojana, kartA kA viveka evaM dezakAlagata paristhitiyA bhI mahattvapUrNa hai aura karmoM kA aisA sarvAMgapUrNa vicAra karane meM vidvat varga bhI kaThinAI meM par3a jAtA hai| karma meM kartA ke prayojana ko, jo ki eka Antarika tathya hai, jAna pAnA sahaja nahIM hotaa| lekina, kartA ke lie jo ki apanI manodazA kA jJAtA bhI hai, yaha Avazyaka hai ki karma aura akarma kA yathArtha svarUpa samajheM, kyoMki usake abhAva meM mukti sambhava nahIM hai| kRSNa arjuna se kahate haiM ki -- maiM tujhe karma ke usa rahasya ko batAU~gA jise jAnakara tU mukta ho jaayegaa|49 naitika vikAsa ke lie bandhaka aura abandhaka karma ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai| bandhana kI dRSTi se karma ke yathArtha svarUpa ke sambandha meM jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA dRSTikoNa nimnAnusAra hai -- jaina darzana meM karma-akarma vicAra karma ke yathArtha svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie usa para do dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| (1) usakI bandhanAtmaka zakti ke AdhAra para aura (2) usakI zubhAzubhatA ke AdhAra pr| bandhanAtmaka zakti ke AdhAra para vicAra karane para hama pAte hai ki kucha karma bandhana meM DAlate haiM, aura kucha karma bandhana meM nahIM DAlate haiN| bandhaka karmoM ko karma aura abandhaka karmoM ko akarma kahA jAtA hai| jaina darzana meM karma aura akarma ke yathArtha svarUpa kA vivecana hameM sarvaprathama AcArAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMga meM milatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki kucha karma aura akarma ko vIrya ( puruSArtha) kahate haiN| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki kucha vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM sakriyatA hI puruSArtha yA naitikatA hai, jabaki dUsare vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM niSkriyatA hI puruSArtha yA naitikatA hai| isa sambandha meM mahAvIra apane dRSTikoNa ko prastuta karate hue yaha spaSTa karane kA prayAsa karate haiM ki 'karma kA artha zarIrAdi kI ceSTA evaM akarma kA artha zarIrAdi kI gheSTA kA abhAva aisA nahIM mAnanA caahie| ve atyanta sImita zabdoM meM kahate haiM ki pramAda karma hai,

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pro. sAgaramala jaina apramAda akarma hai| 51 aisA kahakara mahAvIra yaha spaSTa kara dete haiM ki akarma niSkrayatA nahIM, vaha to satat jAgarukatA hai / apramatta avasthA yA Atma- jAgRti kI dazA meM kriyAzIlatA bhI akarma ho jAtI hai, jabaki pramatta dazA yA Atma jAgRti ke abhAva meM niSkriyatA bhI karma (bandhana) bana jAtI hai| vastutaH kisI kriyA kA bandhakatva mAtra kriyA ke ghaTita hone meM nahIM, varan usake pIche rahe hue kaSAya bhAvoM evaM rAga-dveSa kI sthiti para nirbhara hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra, rAga-dveSa evaM kaSAya (jo ki AtmA kI pramatta dazA haiM ) hI kisI kriyA ko karma banA dete haiM, jabaki kaSAya evaM Asakti se rahita hokara kiyA huA karma akarma bana jAtA hai| mahAvIra ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki jo Asava yA bandhana kAraka kriyAe~ haiM, ve hI anAsakti evaM viveka se samanvita hokara mukti kA sAdhana bana jAtI hai| 52 isa prakAra jaina vicAraNA meM karma aura akarma apane bAhuhya svarUpa kI apekSA kartA ke viveka aura manovRtti para nirbhara hote haiN| yApathika karma aura sAmparAyika karma 3 114 (1) jaina darzana meM bandhana kI dRSTi se kriyAoM ko do bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai IryApathika kriyAe~ (akarma) aura (2) sAmprarAyika kriyAe~ (karma) / IryApathika kriyAe~ niSkAma vItarAgadRSTisampanna vyakti kI kriyAe~ haiM, jo bandhanakAraka nahIM haiM aura sAmparAyika kriyAe~ Asakta vyakti kI kriyAe~ haiM, jo bandhanakAraka hai| saMkSepa meM ve samasta kriyAe~ jo Asava evaM bandha kI kAraNa hai, karma haiM aura ve samasta kriyAe~ jo saMvara evaM nirjarA kI hetu haiM, akarma haiN| jaina dRSTi meM akarma yA IryApathika karma kA artha hai rAga-dveSa evaM moha rahita hokara mAtra karttavya athavA zarIra nirvAha ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA karma / karma kA artha hai rAga-dveSa aura moha se yukta karma, vaha bandhana meM DAlatA hai, isalie vaha karma hai| jo kriyA vyApAra rAga-dveSa aura moha se rahita hokara kartavya yA zarIranirvAha ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, vaha bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM hai, ataH akarma hai| jinheM jaina darzana meM IryApathika kriyAe~ yA akarma kahA gayA hai, unheM bauddha paramparA anupacita, avyakta yA akRSNa- azukla karma kahatI haiM aura jinheM jaina- paramparA sAmparAyika kriyAe~ yA karma kahatI haiM, unheM bauddha paramparA upacita karma yA kRSNa - zukla karma kahatI haiN| isa sambandha meM vistAra se vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| bandhana ke kAraNoM meM mithyAtva aura kaSAya kI pramukhatA kA prazna 54 -1 -- jaina karmasiddhAnta ke udbhava va vikAsa kI carcA karate hue hamaneM bandhana ke pA~ca sAmAnya kAraNoM kA ullekha kiyA thaa| vaise jaina grantho meM bhinna-bhinna karmoM ke bandhana ke bhinna-bhinna kAraNoM kI vistRta carcA bhI upalabdha hotI haiM / kintu sAmAnya rUpa se bandhana ke 5 kAraNa mAneM gae haiM 1. mithyAtva 2. avirati 3. pramAda aura 4 kaSAya aura 5 yoga / -- ina pA~ca kAraNoM meM yoga ko arthAt mAnasika, vAcika va zArIrika kriyAoM ko bandhana kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai, kintu hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yadi pUrva ke cAra kA abhAva ho, to mAtra yoga se karma vargaNAoM kA asAva hokara jo bandha hogA, vaha IryApathika bandha kahalAtA hai|

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115 usake sandarbha meM kahA gayA hai usakA prathama samaya meM bandha hotA hai aura dUsare samaya meM nirjarA ho jAtI hai| IryApathika bandha ThIka vaisA hI hai, jaise calate samaya zubhra AdratA se rahita kapar3e para gire hue bAlU ke kaNa, jo gati kI prakriyA meM hI Ate haiM aura phira alaga bhI ho jAte haiN| vastutaH yaha bandha vAstavika bandha nahIM hai| ataH hama samajhate haiM ki ina 5 kAraNoM meM yoga mahattvapUrNa kAraNa nahIM hai| yadyapi avirati, pramAda evaM kaSAya ko alaga-alaga kAraNa kahA gayA hai, kintu inameM bhI bahuta antara nahIM hai| jaba hama pramAda ko vyApaka artha meM lete haiM taba kaSAyoM kA arntabhAva pramAda meM ho jAtA hai| dUsare kaSAyoM kI upasthiti meM hI pramAda sambhava hotA hai| unakI anupasthiti meM pramAda sAmAnyatayA to rahatA hI nahIM hai aura yadi rahe bhI to ati nirbala hotA hai| isI prakAra avirati ke mUla meM bhI kaSAya hI hote haiN| yadi hama kaSAya ko vyApaka artha meM leM to avirati aura pramAda donoM usI meM antarbhAvita ho jAte haiM / ataH bandhana ke do hI pramukha kAraNa zeSa rahate haiM mithyAtva aura kaSAya / ---- jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa mithyAtva evaM kaSAya meM kauna pramukha kAraNa hai, yaha varttamAna yuga meM eka bahucarcita viSaya hai| isa sandarbha meM pakSa va pratipakSa meM paryApta lekha likhe gaye haiM / AcArya vidyAsAgarajI evaM unake samarthaka vidvat varga kA kahanA hai ki mithyAtva akiMcitakara hai aura kaSAya hI bandhana kA pramukha kAraNa hai, kyoMki kaSAya kI upasthiti ke kAraNa hI mithyAtva hotA hai| kAnajIsvAmI samarthaka dUsare varga kA kahanA hai ki mithyAtva hI bandhana kA pramukha kAraNa hai| vastutaH yaha vivAda apane-apane ekAMgI dRSTikoNoM ke kAraNa hai| kaSAya aura mithyAtva ye donoM hI anyonyAzrita haiN| kaSAya ke abhAva meM mithyAtva kI sattA nahIM rahatI aura na mithyAtva ke abhAva meM kaSAya hI rahate haiN| mithyAtva tabhI samApta hotA hai, jaba anantAnubandhI kaSAyeM samApta hote haiM aura kaSAyeM bhI tabhI samApta hone lagate haiM, jaba mithyAtva kA prahANa hotA hai / ve tApa aura prakAza ke samAna sahajIvI haiN| inameM eka ke abhAva meM dUsare kI sattA kSINa hone lagatI hai| vaise mithyAtva ajJAna evaM moha kA paryAyavAcI hai| AvegoM arthAt kaSAyoM kI upasthiti meM hI moha yA midhyAtva sambhava hotA hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki moha ( mithyAtva ) se kaSAya utpanna hote haiM aura kaSAyoM ke kAraNa hI moha (mithyAtva ) hotA hai| ataH kaSAya aura mithyAtva anyonyAzrita haiM aura bIja evaM vRkSa kI bhA~ti inameM se kisI kI pUrva koTi nirdhArita nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| yadi hama isI prazna para bauddha dRSTi se vicAra kareM to usameM sAmAnyatayA lobha (rAga), dveSa evaM moha ko bandhana kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI inako paraspara sApekSa hI mAnA gayA hai| moha ko bauddha paramparA meM avidyA bhI kahA gayA hai / bauddha vicAraNA yaha mAnatI hai| ki avidyA (moha ) ke kAraNa tRSNA (rAga) hotI hai aura tRSNA ke kAraNa moha hotA hai / AcArya narendradeva likhate haiM lobha evaM dveSa kA hetu moha hai, kintu paryAya se lobha va moha bhI dveSa ke hetu hai| bauddha darzana meM bhI jaina darzana ke samAna hI avidyA aura tRSNA ko anyonyAzrita mAnA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki inameM se kisI kI bhI pUrva koTi nirdhArita karanA sambhava nahIM hai| sAMkhya evaM yoga darzana meM kleza yA bandhana ke 5 kAraNa haiM -- avidyA, asmitA (ahaMkAra), rAga, dveSa, abhinivesh| inameM bhI avidyA pramukha hai| zeSa cAroM usI para AdhArita hai| nyAya darzana bhI jaina aura bauddhoM ke samAna hI rAga-dveSa evaM moha ko bandhana kA kAraNa mAnatA hai| isa prakAra

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pro. sAgaramala jaina 116 lagabhaga sabhI darzana prakArAntara se rAga-dveSa evaM moha (mithyAtva) ko bandhana kA kAraNa mAnate bandhana ke cAra prakAroM se bandhanoM ke kAraNa kA sambandha5 jaina karma siddhAnta meM bandhana ke cAra prArUpa kahe gae haiM :- 1. prakRti bandha, 2. pradeza bandha, 3. sthiti bandha evaM 4. anubhAga bndh| 1. prakRtibandha -- bandhana ke svabhAva kA nirdhAraNa prakRti. bandha karatA hai| yaha, yaha nizcaya karatA hai ki karmavargaNA ke pudgala AtmA kI jJAna, darzana Adi kisa zakti ko AvRta kregeN| 2. pradeza bandha -- yaha karmaparamANuoM kI AtmA ke sAtha saMyojita hone vAlI mAtrA kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai| ataH yaha mAtrAtmaka hotA hai| 3. sthitibandha -- karmaparamANu kitane samaya taka AtmA se saMyojita rahegeM aura kaba nirjerita hogeM, isa kAla-maryAdA kA nizcaya sthiti-bandha karatA hai| ataH yaha bandhana kI samaya-maryAdA kA sUcaka hai| 4. anubhAgabandha -- karmoM ke bandhana aura vipAka kI tIvratA evaM mandatA kA nizcaya karanA, yaha anubhAga bandha kA kArya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha bandhana kI tIvratA yA gahanatA kA sUcaka hai| uparokta cAra prakAra ke bandhanoM meM prakRti bandha evaM pradeza bandha kA sambandha mukhyatayA yoga arthAt kAyika, vAcika evaM mAnasika kriyAoM se hai, jabaki bandhana kI tIvratA (anubhAga) evaM samayAvadhi (sthiti) kA nizcaya karma ke pIche rahI huI kaSAya-vRtti aura mithyAtva para AdhArita hotA hai| saMkSepa meM yoga kA sambandha pradeza evaM prakRti bandha se hai, jabaki kaSAya kA sambandha sthiti evaM anubhAga bandha se hai| ATha prakAra ke karma aura unake bandhana ke kAraNa jisa rUpa meM karmaparamANu AtmA kI vibhinna zaktiyoM ke prakaTana kA avarodha karate haiM aura AtmA kA zarIra se sambandha sthApita karate haiM -- unake anusAra unake vibhAga kiye jAte haiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra karma ATha prakAra ke haiM -- 1. jJAnAvaraNIya 2. darzanAvaraNIya 3. vedanIya 4. mohanIya 5. AyuSya 6. nAma 7. gotra aura 8. antarAya / 1. jJAnAvaraNIya karma -- jisa prakAra bAdala sUrya ke prakAza ko DhaMka dete haiM, usI prakAra jo karmavargaNAe~ AtmA kI jJAnazakti ko TaiMka detI hai aura jJAna kI prApti meM bAdhaka banatI hai, ve jJAnAvaraNIya karma kahI jAtI haiN| jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke bandhana ke kAraNa -- jina kAraNoM se jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke paramANu AtmA se saMyojita hokara jJAna-zakti ko kuMThita karate haiM, ve chaH haiM -- 1. pradoSa -- jJAnI kA avarNavAda (nindA ) karanA evaM usake avaguNa nikaalnaa|

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2. nihUnava 3. 4. 5. 6. usakA apalApa karanA / -- jJAnI kA upakAra svIkAra na karanA athavA kisI viSaya ko jAnate hue bhI antarAya jJAna kI prApti meM bAdhaka bananA, jJAnI evaM jJAna ke sAdhana pustakAdi ko naSTa karanA / mAtsarya vidvAnoM ke prati deza- buddhi rakhanA, jJAna ke sAdhana pustaka Adi meM aruci rakhanA / ---- 117 asAdanA jJAna evaM jJAnI puruSoM ke kathanoM ko svIkAra nahI karanA, unakA samucita vinaya nahIM karanA / -- jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa upaghAta vidvAnoM ke sAtha mithyAgraha yukta visaMvAda karanA athavA svArthavaza satya ko asatya siddha karane kA prayatna karanA / uparyukta chaH prakAra kA anaitika AcaraNa vyakti kI jJAnazakti ke kuMThita hone kA kAraNa hai I jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA vipAka vipAka kI dRSTi se jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kAraNa pA~ca rUpoM meM AtmA kI jJAna - zakti kA AvaraNa hotA hai - (1) matijJAnAvaraNa- aindrika evaM mAnasika jJAna-kSamatA kA abhAva, (2) zrutajJAnAvaraNa bauddhika athavA AgamajJAna kI anupalabdhi, (3) avadhi jJAnAvaraNa atIndriya jJAna - kSamatA kA abhAva, ( 4 ) manaH paryAya jJAnAvaraNa dUsare kI mAnasika avasthAoM kA jJAna prApta kara lene kI zakti kA abhAva, ( 5 ) kevalajJAnAvaraNa * pUrNajJAna prApta karane kI kSamatA kA abhAva / -- 44 -- kahIM-kahIM vipAka kI dRSTi se isake 10 bheda bhI batAye gaye haiM-- 1. sunane kI zakti kA abhAva, 2. sunane se prApta hone vAle jJAna kI anupalabdhi, 3. dRSTi zakti kA abhAva, 4. dRzyajJAna kI anupalabdhi, 5. gaMdhagrahaNa karane kI zakti kA abhAva, 6. gandha sambandhI jJAna kI anupalabdhi, 7. svAda grahaNa karane kI zakti kA abhAva, 8 svAda sambandhI jJAna kI anupalabdhi, 9. sparza- kSamatA kA abhAva aura 10. sparza sambandhI jJAna kI anupalabdhi / 2. darzanAvaraNIya karma jisa prakAra dvArapAla rAjA ke darzana meM bAdhaka hotA hai, usI prakAra jo karmavargaNAe~ AtmA kI darzana - zakti meM bAdhaka hotI haiM, ve darzanAvaraNIya karma kahalAtI haiN| jJAna se pahale hone vAlA vastu tattva kA nirvizeSa (nirvikalpa ) bodha, jisameM sattA ke atirikta kisI vizeSa guNa dharma kI prApti nahIM hotI, darzana kahalAtA hai| darzanAvaraNIya karma AtmA ke darzana - guNa ko AvRtta karatA hai| -- darzanAvaraNIya karma ke bandha ke kAraNa jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke samAna hI cha: prakAra ke azubha AcaraNa ke dvArA darzanAvaraNIya karma kA bandha hotA hai (1) samyak dRSTi kI nindA (chidrAnveSaNa) karanA athavA usake prati akRtajJa honA, ( 2 ) mithyAtva yA asat mAnyatAoM kA pratipAdana karanA, ( 3 ) zuddha dRSTikoNa kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka bananA, ( 4 ) samyakdRSTi kA 11 --

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pro. sAgaramala jaina [18 samucita vinaya evaM sammAna nahIM karanA, (5) samyakdRSTi para deSa karanA (6) samyakdRSTi ke sAtha mithyAgraha sahita vivAda karanA / darzanAvaraNIya karma kA vipAka -- uparyukta azubha AcaraNa ke kAraNa AtmA kA darzana guNa nau prakAra se kuMThita ho jAtA hai -- (1) cakSudarzanAvaraNa-- netrazakti kA avaruddha ho jaanaa| {2) acakSudarzanAvaraNa-- netra ke atirikta zeSa indriyoM kI sAmAnya anubhavazakti kA avaruddha ho jAnA / (3) avadhidarzanAvaraNa-- sImita atIndriya darzana kI upalabdhi meM bAdhA upasthita honaa| (4) kevala darzanAvaraNa-- paripUrNa darzana kI upalabdhi kA nahIM honaa| (5) nidrA-- sAmAnya nidraa| (6) nidrAnidrA-- gaharI nidraa| (7) pracalA-- baiThe-baiThe A jAne vAlI nidraa| (8) pracalA-pracalA-- calate-phirate bhI A jAne vAlI nidraa| (9) styAnagRddhi-- jisa nidrA meM prANI bar3e-bar3e bala-sAdhya kArya kara DAlatA hai| antima do avasthAe~ Adhunika manovijJAna ke vividha vyaktitva ke samAna mAnI jA sakatI hai| uparyukta pA~ca prakAra kI nidrAoM ke kAraNa vyakti kI sahaja anubhUti kI kSamatA meM avarodha utpanna ho jAtA hai| 3. vedanIya karma -- jisake kAraNa sAMsArika sukha-duHkha kI saMvedanA hotI hai, use vedanIya karma kahate haiN| isake do bheda haiM -- 1. sAtAvedanIya aura 2. asaataavedniiy| sukha rUpa saMvedanA kA kAraNa sAtAvedanIya aura duHkha rupa saMvedanA kA kAraNa asAtAvedanIya karma kahalAtA hai| sAtAvedanIya karma ke kAraNa -- dasa prakAra kA zubhAcaraNa karane vAlA vyakti sukhada-saMvedanA rUpa sAtAvedanIya karma kA bandha karatA hai -- (1) pRthvI, pAnI Adi ke jIvoM para anukampA krnaa| (2) vanaspati, vRkSa, latAdi para anukampA krnaa| (3) drIndriya Adi prANiyoM para dayA karanA / ( 4 ) paMcendriya pazuoM evaM manuSyoM para anukampA karanA / ( 5 ) kisI ko bhI kisI prakAra se duHkha na denaa| (6) kisI bhI prANI ko cintA evaM bhaya utpanna ho aisA kArya na krnaa| (7) kisI bhI prANI ko zokAkula nahIM banAnA / ( 8 ) kisI bhI prANI ko rudana nahIM kraanaa| (9) kisI bhI prANI ko nahIM mAranA aura (10) kisI bhI prANI ko pratAr3ita nahIM karanA / karmagranthoM meM sAtAvedanIya karma ke bandhana kA kAraNa gurubhakti, kSamA, karuNA, vratapAlana, yoga-sAdhanA, kaSAyavijaya, dAna aura dRDhazraddhA mAnA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra kA bhI yahI dRSTikoNa hai| sAtAvedanIya karma kA vipAka-- uparyukta zubhAcaraNa ke phalasvarUpa prANI nimna prakAra kI sukhada saMvedanA prApta karatA hai -- (1) manohara, karNapriya, sukhada svara zravaNa karane ko milate haiM, (2) susvAdu bhojana-pAnAdi upalabdha hotI hai, (3) vAMchita sukhoM kI prApti hotI hai, (4) zubha vacana, prazaMsAdi sunane kA avasara prApta hotA hai, (5) zArIrika sukha milatA hai| asAtAvedanIya karma ke kAraNa-- jina azubha AcaraNoM ke kAraNa prANI ko duHkhada saMvedanA prApta hotI hai| ve 12 prakAra ke haiM -- (1) kisI bhI prANI ko duHkha denA, (2) cintita banAnA, ( 3 ) zokAkula banAnA, (4) slAnA, (5) mAranA aura (6) pratAr3ita karanA, ina chaH kriyAoM

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119 jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa kI mandatA aura tIvratA ke AdhAra para inake bAraha prakAra ho jAte haiN| tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra-- (1) duHkha (2) zoka ( 3 ) tApa ( 4 ) Akrandana ( 5 ) vadha aura (6) paridevana ye cha. asAtAvedanIya karma ke bandha ke kAraNa haiM, jo 'sva aura para' kI apekSA se 12 prakAra ke ho jAte haiN| sva evaM para kI apekSA para AdhArita tattvArthasUtra kA yaha dRSTikoNa adhika saMgata hai| karmagrantha meM sAtAvedanIya ke bandha ke kAraNoM ke viparIta gurU kA avinaya, akSamA, krUratA, avirati, yogAbhyAsa nahIM karanA, kaSAyayukta honA, tathA dAna evaM zraddhA kA abhAva asAtAvedanIya karma ke kAraNa mAne gaye haiN| ina kriyAoM ke vipAka ke rUpa meM ATha prakAra kI duHkhada saMvedanAe~ prApta hotI haiM -- (1) karNa-kaTu, karkaza svara sunane ko prApta hote haiM (2) amanojJa evaM saundaryavihIna rUpa dekhane ko prApta hotA hai, (3) amanojJa gandhoM kI upalabdhi hotI hai, (4) svAdavihIna bhojanAdi milatA hai, (5) amanojJa, kaThora evaM duHkhada saMvedanA utpanna karane vAle sparza kI prApti hotI hai, (6) amanojJa mAnasika anubhUtiyoM kA honA, (7) nindA apamAnajanaka vacana sunane ko milate haiM aura (8) zarIra meM vividha rogoM kI utpatti se zarIra ko duHkhada saMvedanAe~ prApta hotI hai| 4. mohanIya karma __ jaise madirA Adi nazIlI vastu ke sevana se viveka-zakti kuMThita ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra jina karma-paramANuoM se AtmA kI viveka-zakti kuMThita hotI hai aura anaitika AcaraNa meM pravRtti hotI hai, unheM mohanIya (vimohita karane vAle) karma kahate haiN| isake do bheda haiM-- darzanamoha aura caaritrmoh| mohanIya karma ke bandha ke kAraNa-- sAmAnyatayA mohanIya karma kA bandha cha: kAraNoM se hotA hai-- (1) krodha, (2) ahaMkAra, (3) kapaTa, (4) lobha, (5) azubhAcaraNa aura (6) vivekAbhAva (vimUDhatA) / prathama pA~ca se cAritramoha kA aura antima se darzanamoha kA bandha hotA hai| karmagrantha meM darzanamoha aura cAritramoha ke bandhana ke kAraNa alaga-alaga batAye gaye haiN| darzanamoha ke kAraNa haiM-- unmArga dezanA, sanmArga kA apalApa, dhArmika sampatti kA apaharaNa aura tIrthakara, mani, caitya (jina-pratimAeM) aura dharma-saMgha ke pratikula aacrnn| cAritramoha karma ke bandhana ke kAraNoM meM kayAya, hAsya Adi tathA viSayoM ke adhIna honA pramukha haiN| tattvArtha-sUtra meM sarvajJa, zruta, saMgha, dharma aura deva ke avarNavAda (nindA) ko darzanamoha kA tathA kaSAyajanita Atma-pariNAma ko cAritramoha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| samavAyAMgasUtra meM tIvratama mohakarma ke bandhana ke tIsa kAraNa batAye gaye haiM -- (1) jo kisI trasa prANI ko pAnI meM DubAkara mAratA hai| (2) jo kisI trasa prANI ko tIvra azubha adhyavasAya se mastaka ko gIlA camar3A bAMdhakara mAratA hai| (3) jo kisI trasa prANI ko mu~ha bA~dha kara mAratA hai| (4) jo kisI vrasa prANI ko agni ke dhue~ se mAratA hai| (5) jo kisI trasa prANI ke mastaka kA chedana karake mAratA hai| (6) jo kisI asa prANI ko kUla se mArakara ha~satA hai| (7) jo mAyAcAra karake tathA asatya bolakara apanA anAcAra chipAtA hai| (8) jo apane durAcAra ko chipAkara dUsare para kalaMka lagAtA hai| (9) jo kalaha bar3hAne ke lie jAnatA huA mizra bhASA

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pro. sAgaramala jaina 120 bolatA hai| (10) jo pati-patnI meM matabheda paidA karatA hai tathA unheM mArmika vacanoM se jheMpA detA hai| (11) jo strI meM Asakta vyakti apane-Aphko kuMvArA kahatA hai| (12) jo atyanta kAmuka vyakti apane Apa ko brahmacArI kahatA hai| (13) jo cApalUsI karake apane svAmI ko ThagatA hai| (14) jo jinakI kRpA se samRddha banA hai, IrSyA se unake hI kAryoM meM vighna DAlatA hai| (15) jo pramukha phuruSa kI hatyA karatA hai| (16) jo saMyamI ko pathabhraSTa karatA hai| (17) jo apane upakArI kI hatyA karatA hai| (18) jo prasiddha puruSa kI hatyA karatA hai| (19) jo mahAn puruSoM kI nindA karatA hai| (20) jo nyAyamArga kI nindA karatA hai| (21) jo AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM guru kI nindA karatA hai| ( 22 ) jo AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM guru kA avinaya karatA hai| ( 23 ) jo abahuzruta hote hue bhI apane-Apako bahuzruta kahatA hai / (24) jo tapasvI na hote hue bhI apane-Apako tapasvI kahatA hai| (25) jo asvastha AcArya Adi kI sevA nahIM krtaa| (26) jo AcArya Adi kuzAstra kA praspaNa karate haiN| (27) jo AcArya Adi apanI prazaMsA ke lie maMtrAdi kA prayoga karate haiN| (28) jo ihaloka aura paraloka meM bhogophbhoga pAne kI abhilASA karatA hai| (29) jo devatAoM kI nindA karatA hai yA karavAtA hai| (30) jo asarvajJa hote hue bhI apane Apako sarvajJa kahatA hai| (a) darzana-moha -- jaina-darzana meM darzana zabda tIna arthoM meM prayukta huA hai-- (1) pratyakSIkaraNa, (2) dRSTikoNa aura (3) shrddhaa| prathama artha kA sambandha darzanAvaraNIya karma se hai, jabaki dUsare aura tIsare artha kA sambandha mohanIya karma se hai| darzana-moha ke kAraNa prANI meM samyak dRSTikoNa kA abhAva hotA hai aura vaha mithyA dhAraNAoM evaM vicAroM kA zikAra rahatA hai, usakI vivekabuddhi asaMtulita hotI hai| darzanamoha tIna prakAra kA hai-- (1) mithyAtva moha-- jisake kAraNa prANI asatya ko satya tathA satya ko asatya samajhatA hai| zubha ko azubha aura azubha ko zubha mAnanA mithyAtva moha hai| (2) samyak-mithyAtva moha-- satya evaM asatya tathA zubha evaM azubha ke sambandha meM anizcayAtmakatA aura (3) samyaktva moha-- kSAyika samyaktva kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka samyaktva moha hai arthAt dRSTikoNa kI AMzika vishuddhtaa| (ba) cAritra-moha -- cAritra-moha ke kAraNa prANI kA AcaraNa azubha hotA hai| cAritra-mohajanita azubhAcaraNa 25 prakAra kA hai -- (1) prabalatama krodha, (2) prabalatama mAna, (3) prabalatama mAyA (kapaTa ), (4) prabalatama lobha, (5) ati krodha, (6) ati mAna, (7) ati mAyA (kapaTa), (8) ati lobha, (9) sAdhAraNa krodha, (10) sAdhAraNa mAna, (11) sAdhAraNa mAyA (kapaTa) (12) sAdhAraNa lobha, (13) alpa krodha, (14) alpa mAna, (15) alpa mAyA (kapaTa) aura (16) alpa lobha -- ye solaha kaSAya hai| uparyukta kaSAyoM ko uttejita karane vAlI nau manovRttiyA~ ( upakaSAya) hai -- (1) hAsya, (2) rati (sneha, rAga), (3) arati (Te) (4) zoka, (5) bhaya, (6) jugupsA (ghRNA), (7) strIveda ( puruSa-sahavAsa kI icchA), (8) puruSaveda (strI-sahavAsa kI icchA), (9) napuMsakaveda (strI-puruSa donoM ke sahavAsa kI icchaa)| __ mohanIya karma vivekAbhAva hai aura usI vivekAbhAva ke kAraNa azubha kI ora pravRtti kI

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121 ruci hotI hai| anya paramparAoM meM jo sthAna avidyA kA hai, vahI sthAna jaina paramparA meM mohanIya karma kA hai| jisa prakAra anya paramparAoM meM bandhana kA mUla kAraNa avidyA hai, usI prakAra jaina paramparA meM bandhana kA mUla kAraNa mohanIya karma mohanIya karma kA kSayopazama hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA AdhAra hai / 5. AyuSya karma jisa prakAra ber3I svAdhInatA meM bAdhaka hai, usI prakAra jo karma paramANu AtmA ko vibhinna zarIroM meM niyata avadhi taka kaida rakhate haiM, unheM AyuSya karma kahate haiN| yaha karma nizcaya karatA hai ki AtmA ko kisa zarIra meM kitanI samayAvadhi taka rahanA hai| AyuSya karma cAra prakAra kA hai-- (1) naraka Ayu, ( 2 ) tiryaMca Ayu (vAnaspatika evaM pazu jIvana) (3) manuSya Ayu aura ( 4 ) deva Ayu / -- AyuSya-karma ke bandha ke kAraNa - sabhI prakAra ke AyuSya-karma ke bandha kA kAraNa zIla aura vrata se rahita honA mAnA gayA hai| phira bhI kisa prakAra ke AcaraNa se kisa prakAra kA jIvana milatA hai, usakA nirdeza bhI jaina AgamoM meM upalabdha hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM pratyeka prakAra ke AyuSya-karma ke bandha ke cAra-cAra kAraNa mAneM gaye haiN| jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa (a) nArakIya jIvana kI prApti ke cAra kAraNa (1) mahArambha (bhayAnaka hiMsaka karma ), ( 2 ) mahAparigraha ( atyadhika saMcaya vRtti) (3) manuSya, pazu Adi kA vadha karanA, (4) mAMsAhAra aura zarAba Adi nazIle padArthoM kA sevana / (ba) pAzavika jIvana kI prApti ke cAra kAraNa (1) kapaTa karanA ( 2 ) rahasyapUrNa kapaTa karanA (3) asatya bhASaNa (4) kama-jyAdA tola-mApa krnaa| karma-grantha meM pratiSThA kama hone ke bhaya se pApa kA prakaTa na karanA bhI tiryaMca Ayu ke bandha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM mAyA ( kapaTa) ko hI pazuyoni kA kAraNa batAyA hai| (sa) mAnava jIvana kI prApti ke cAra kAraNa (1) saralatA, (2) vinayazIlatA, (3) karuNA aura (4) ahaMkAra evaM mAtsarya se rahita honA / tattvArthasUtra meM ( 2 ) alpa parigraha, ( 3 ) svabhAva kI saralatA aura (4) svabhAva kI bandha kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| mRdutA ---- -- (da) daivIya jIvana kI prApti ke cAra kAraNa - (1 ) sarAga (sakAma) saMyama kA pAlana, ( 2 ) saMyama kA AMzika pAlana, (3) sakAma tapasyA (bAla-tapa ) (4) svAbhAvika rupa meM karmoM ke nirjarita hone se / tattvArthasUtra meM bhI yahI kAraNa mAne gaye haiN| karmagrantha ke anusAra avista samyakdRSTi manuSya yA tiyeca, dezavirata zrAvaka, sarAgI-sAdhu, bAla-tapasvI aura icchA nahIM hote hue bhI paristhiti vaza bhUkha-pyAsa Adi ko sahana karate hue akAma-nirjarA karane vAle vyakti devAyu kA bandha karate haiN| AkasmikamaraNa prANI apane jIvanakAla meM pratyeka kSaNa Ayu karma ko bhoga rahA hai aura (1) alpa Arambha, ko manuSya Ayu ke

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pro. sAgaramala jaina 122. pratyeka kSaNa meM Ayu karma ke paramANu bhoga ke pazcAt pRthak hote rahate haiN| jisa samaya vartamAna Ayukarma ke pUrvabaddha samasta paramANu AtmA se pRthak ho jAte haiM usa samaya prANI ko vartamAna zarIra chor3anA par3atA hai| vartamAna zarIra chor3ane ke pUrva hI navIna zarIra ke Ayukarma kA bandha ho jAtA hai| lekina yadi AyuSya kA bhoga isa prakAra niyata hai to AkasmikamaraNa kI vyAkhyA kyA ? isake pratyulara meM jaina-vicArako ne Ayukarma kA bhoga do prakAra kA mAnA -- (1) kramika, (2) aaksmik| kramika bhoga meM svAbhAvika rUpa se Ayu kA bhoga dhIre-dhIre hotA rahatA hai jabaki Akasmika bhoga meM kisI kAraNa ke upasthita ho jAne para Aya eka sAtha hI bhoga lI jAtI hai| ise hI AkasmikamaraNa yA akAla mRtyu kahate haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra meM isake sAta kAraNa batAye gaye haiM -- (1) harSa-zoka kA atireka, (2) viSa athavA zastra kA prayoga, (3) AhAra kI atyadhikatA athavA sarvathA abhAva (4) vyAdhijanita tIvra vedanA, (5) AghAta (6) sarpadaMzAdi aura (7) shvaasnirodh| 6. nAma karma jisa prakAra citrakAra vibhinna raMgoM se aneka prakAra ke citra banAtA hai, usI prakAra nAma-karma vibhinna karma paramANuoM se jagat ke prANiyoM ke zarIra kI racanA karatA hai| manovijJAna kI bhASA meM nAma-karma ko vyaktitva kA nirdhAraka tattva kaha sakate hai| jaina-darzana meM vyaktitva ke nirdhAraka tattvoM ko nAbhakarma kI prakRti ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai, jinakI saMkhyA 103 mAnI gaI hai lekina vistArabhaya se unakA varNana sambhava nahIM hai| uparyukta sAre vargIkaraNa kA saMkSipta spa hai -- 1. zubhanAmakarma (acchA vyaktitva) aura 2. azubhanAmakarma (burA vyktitv)| prANI jagat meM, jo Azcaryajanaka vaicitrya dikhAI detA hai, usakA AdhAra nAmakarma zubhanAma karma ke bandha ke kAraNa jainAgamoM meM acche vyaktitva kI upalabdhi ke cAra kAraNa mAne gaye haiM -- 1. zarIra kI saralatA, 2. vANI kI saralatA, 3. mana yA vicAroM kI saralatA, 4. ahaMkAra evaM mAtsarya se rahita honA yA sAmaMjasyapUrNa jIvana / zubhanAmakarma kA vipAka uparyukta cAra prakAra ke zubhAcaraNa se prApta zubha vyaktitva kA vipAka 14 prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai -- (1) adhikArapUrNa prabhAvaka vANI (iSTa-zabda) (2) sundara sugaThita zarIra (iSTa-rUpa) (3) zarIra se niHsRta hone vAle maloM meM bhI sugaMdhi (iSTa-gaMdha) (4) jaivIya-rasoM kI samucitatA (iSTa-rasa) (5) tvacA kA sukomala honA (iSTa-sparza ) (6) acaphla yogya gati (iSTa-gati) (7) aMgoM kA samucita sthAna para honA (iSTa-sthiti) (8) lAvaNya (9) yazaHkIrti kA prasAra (iSTa-yazaH kIrti) (10) yogya zArIrika zakti ( iSTa-utthAna, karma, balavIrya, puruSArtha aura parAkrama ) (11) logoM ko rucikara lage aisA svara

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pro. sAgaramala jaina 123 30 (12) kAnta svara ( 13 ) priya svara aura (14) manojJa svara / azubha nAma karma ke kAraNa --- nimna cAra prakAra ke azubhAcaraNa se vyakti (prANI ) ko azubha vyaktitva kI upalabdhi hotI hai -- (1) zarIra kI vakratA, (2) vacana kI vakratA (3) mana kI kakatA aura (4) ahaMkAra evaM mAtsarya vRtti yA asAmaMjasya pUrNa jiivn| azubhanAma karma kA vipAka -- 1. aprabhAvaka vANI (aniSTa-zabda), 2. asundara zarIra (aniSTa-sparza), 3. zArIrika maloM kA durgandhayukta honA (aniSTa-gaMdha), 4. jaivIyarasoM kI asamucitatA (aniSTarasa), 5. apriya sparza, 6. aniSTa gati, 7. aMgoM kA samucita sthAna para na honA (aniSTa sthiti), 8. saundarya kA abhAva, 9. apayaza, 10. puruSArtha karane kI zakti kA abhAva, 11. hIna svara, 12. dIna svara, 13. apriya svara aura 14 akAnta svr| 7. gotra karma jisake kAraNa vyakti pratiSThita aura apratiSThita kuloM meM janma letA hai, vaha gotra karma hai| yaha do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai -- 1. ucca gotra (pratiSThita kula) aura 2. nIca gotra ( apratiSThita kul)| kisa prakAra ke AcaraNa ke kAraNa prANI kA apratiSThita kula meM janma hotA hai aura kisa prakAra ke AcaraNa se prANI kA pratiSThita kula meM janma hotA hai, isa para jainAcAra-darzana meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ahaMkAravRtti hI isakA pramukha kAraNa mAnI gaI hai| ucca-gotra evaM nIca-gotra ke karma-bandha ke kAraNa -- nimna ATha bAtoM kA ahaMkAra na karane vAlA vyakti bhaviSya meM pratiSThita kula meM janma letA hai -- 1. jAti, 2. kula, 3. bala ( zArIrika zakti), 4. rUpa ( saundarya ), 5. tapasyA (sAdhanA), 6. jJAna (zruta), 7. lAbha ( upalabdhiyA~ ) aura 8. svAmitva ( adhikaar)| isake viparIta jo vyakti uparyukta ATha prakAra kA ahaMkAra karatA hai, vaha nIca kula meM janma letA hai| karmagrantha ke anusAra bhI ahaMkAra rahita guNagrAhI dRSTi vAlA, adhyayana-adhyApana meM rUci rakhane vAlA tathA bhakta ucca-gotra ko prApta karatA hai| isake viparIta AcaraNa karane vAlA nIca-gotra ko prApta karatA hai| tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra para-nindA, AtmaprazaMsA, dUsaroM ke sadguNoM kA AcchAdana aura asadguNoM kA prakAzana ye nIca gotra ke bandha ke hetu hai| isake viparIta para-prazaMsA, Atma-nindA, sadguNoM kA prakAzana, asadguNoM kA gopana aura namravRtti evaM nirabhimAnatA ye ucca-gotra ke bandha ke hetu hai| gotra-karma kA vipAka -- vipAka (phala) dRSTi se vicAra karate hue yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki jo vyakti ahaMkAra nahIM karatA, vaha pratiSThita kula meM janma lekara nimnokta ATha kSamatAoM se yukta hotA hai -- 1. niSkalaMka mAtR-pakSa (jAti), 2. pratiSThita pitR-pakSa (kula), 3. sabala zarIra, 4. saundaryayukta zarIra, 5. ucca sAdhanA evaM tapa-zakti, 6. tIvra buddhi evaM vipulaJAna rAzi para adhikAra, 7. lAbha evaM vividha upalabdhiyA~ aura 8. adhikAra, svAmitva evaM aizvarya kI praapti| lekina ahaMkArI vyaktitva uparyukta samagra kSamatAoM se athavA inameM se kinhIM vizeSa kSamatAoM se vaMcita rahatA hai|

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pro. sAgaramala jaina 124 124 8. antarAya karma abhISTa kI upalabdhi meM bAdhA pahuMcAne vAle kAraNa ko antarAya karma kahate haiN| yaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai-- 1. dAnAntarAya -- dAna kI icchA hone para bhI dAna nahIM kiyA jA sake, 2. lAbhAntarAya -- koI prApti hone vAlI ho lekina kisI kAraNa se usameM bAdhA A jAnA, 3. bhogAntarAya -- bhoga meM bAdhA upasthita honA. jaise vyakti sampanna ho, bhojanagRha meM acchA susvAdu bhojana bhI banA ho lekina asvasthatA ke kAraNa use mAtra khicar3I hI khAnI par3e, 4. upabhogAntarAya -- upabhoga kI sAmagrI ke hone para bhI upabhoga karane meM asamarthatA, 5. vIryAntarAya -- zakti ke hone para bhI puruSArtha meM usakA upayoga nahIM kiyA jA sknaa| (tattvArthasUtra, 8.14) jaina nIti-darzana ke anusAra jo vyakti kisI bhI vyakti ke dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhogazakti ke upayoga meM bAdhaka banatA hai, vaha bhI apanI upalabdha sAmagrI evaM zaktiyoM kA samucita upayoga nahIM kara pAtA hai| jaise koI vyakti kisI dAna dene vAle vyakti ko dAna prApta karane vAlI saMsthA ke bAre meM galata sUcanA dekara yA anya prakAra se dAna dene se roka detA hai athavA kisI bhojana karate hue vyakti ko bhojana para se uThA detA hai, to usakI upalabdhiyoM meM bhI bAdhA upasthita hotI hai athavA bhoga-sAmagrI ke hone para bhI vaha usake bhoga se vaMcita rahatA hai| karmagrantha ke anusAra jina-pUjA Adi dharma-kAryoM meM vighna utpanna karane vAlA aura hiMsA meM tatpara vyakti bhI antarAya karma kA saMcaya karatA hai| tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra bhI vighna yA bAdhA DAlanA hI antarAya-karma ke bandha kA kAraNa hai| ghAtI aura aghAtI karma karmoM ke isa vargIkaraNa meM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya -- ina cAra karmoM ko 'ghAtI aura nAma, gotra, AyuSya aura vedanIya -- ina cAra karmoM ko 'aghAtI mAnA jAtA hai| ghAtI karma AtmA ke jJAna, darzana, sukha aura zakti nAmaka guNoM kA AvaraNa karate hai| ye karma AtmA kI svabhAvadazA ko vikRta karate haiM, ataH jIvana-mukti meM bAdhaka hote haiN| ina ghAtI karmoM meM avidyA spa mohanIya karma hI AtmasvarUpa kI AvaraNa-kSamatA, tIvratA aura sthitikAla kI dRSTi se pramukha hai| vastutaH mohakarma hI eka aisA karma-saMskAra hai, jisake kAraNa karma-bandha kA pravAha satat banA rahatA hai| mohanIya karma usa bIja ke samAna hai, jisameM aMkuraNa kI zakti hai| jisa prakAra ugane yogya bIja havA, pAnI Adi ke sahayoga se apanI paramparA ko bar3hAtA rahatA hai, usI prakAra mohanIya rUpI karma-bIja, jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya spa havA, pAnI Adi ke sahayoga se karma-paramparA ko satat banAye rakhatA hai| mohanIya karma hI janma-maraNa, saMsAra yA bandhana kA mUla hai, zeSa ghAtI karma usake sahayogI mAtra hai| ise

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125 jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa karmoM kA senApati kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra senApati ke parAjita hone para sArI senA hataprabha ho zIghra hI parAjita ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra moha karma para vijaya prApta kara lene para zeSa sAre karmoM ko AsAnI se parAjita kara AtmazuddhatA kI upalabdhi kI jA sakatI hai| jaise hI moha naSTa ho jAtA hai, vaise hI jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa kA pardA haTa jAtA hai, antarAya yA bAdhakatA samApta ho jAtI hai aura vyakti (AtmA) jIvana-mukta bana jAtA hai| aghAtI karma ve hai jo AtmA ke svabhAva dazA kI upalabdhi aura vikAsa meM bAdhaka nahIM hote| aghAtI karma bhune hue bIja ke samAna haiM, jinameM navIna karmoM kI utpAdana-kSamatA nahIM hotii| ve karma-paramparA kA pravAha banAye rakhane meM asamartha hote haiM aura samaya kI paripakvatA ke sAtha hI apanA phala dekara sahaja hI alaga ho jAte haiN| sarvaghAtI aura dezaghAtI karma-prakRtiyA~ -- AtmA ke sva-lakSaNoM kA AvaraNa karane vAle ghAtI karmoM kI 45 karma-prakRtiyA~ bhI do prakAra kI hai -- 1. sarvaghAtI aura 2. deshghaatii| sarvaghAtI karma prakRti kisI AtmaguNa ko pUrNatayA Avarita karatI hai aura dezaghAtI karma-prakRti usake eka aMza ko Avarita karatI hai| AtmA ke svAbhAvika satyAnubhUti nAmaka guNa ko mithyAtva (azuddha dRSTikoNa ) sarvarUpeNa AcchAdita kara detA hai| anantajJAna (kevalajJAna) aura anantadarzana (kevaladarzana ) nAmaka AtmA ke guNoM kA AvaraNa bhI pUrNa rUpa se hotA hai| pA~coM prakAra kI nidrAe~ bhI AtmA kI sahaja anubhUti kI kSamatA ko pUrNatayA Avarita karatI haiN| isI prakAra cAroM kaSAyoM ke pahale tInoM prakAra, jo ki saMkhyA meM 12 hote hai, bhI pUrNatayA bAdhaka banate haiN| anantAnubandhI kaSAya samyaktva kA, pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya dezavratI cAritra (gRhastha dharma) kA aura pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya sarvavratI cAritra (munidharma) kA pUrNatayA bAdhaka banatA hai| ataH ye 20 prakAra kI karmaprakRtiyA~ sarvaghAtI kahI jAtI haiN| zeSa jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI 4, darzanAvaraNIya karma kI 3, mohanIya karma kI 13, antarAya karma kI 5, kula 25 karmaprakRtiyA dezaghAtI kahI jAtI hai| sarvaghAta kA artha mAtra ina guNoM ke pUrNa prakaTana ko rokanA hai, na ki ina guNoM kA anstitv| kyoMki jJAnAdi guNoM ke pUrNa abhAva kI sthiti meM Atma-tattva aura jar3a-tattva meM antara hI nahIM rhegaa| karma to AtmaguNoM ke prakaTana meM bAdhaka tattva haiM, ve AtmaguNoM ko vinaSTa nahIM kara skte| nandisUtra meM to kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra bAdala sUrya ke prakAza ko cAhe kitanA hI Avarita kyoM na kara leM, phira bhI vaha na to usakI prakAza-kSamatA ko naSTa kara sakatA hai aura na usake prakAza ke prakaTana ko pUrNatayA roka sakatA hai| usI prakAra cAhe karma jJAnAdi AtmaguNoM ko kitanA hI AvRta kyoM na kara le, phira bhI unakA eka aMza hamezA hI anAvRta rahatA hai| karma bandhana se mukti jaina karmasiddhAnta kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki pratyeka karma apanA vipAka yA phala dekara AtmA se alaga ho jAtA hai| isa vipAka kI avasthA meM yadi AtmA rAga-dveSa athavA moha se abhibhUta hotA hai, to vaha punaH naye karma kA saMcaya kara letA hai| isa prakAra yaha paramparA satat rUpa se

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pro. sAgaramala jaina calatI rahatI hai| vyakti ke adhikAra kSetra meM yaha nahIM hai ki vaha karma ke vipAka ke pariNAma svarUpa hone vAlI anubhUti se iMkAra kara de| ataH yaha eka kaThina samasyA hai ki karma ke bandhana va vipAka kI isa prakriyA se mukti kaise ho, yadi karma ke vipAka ke phalasvarUpa hamAre andara krodhAdi kaSAya bhAva athavA kAmAdi bhoga bhAva utpanna honA hI hai to phira svAbhAvika rUpa se prazna uThatA hai ki hama vimukti, kI dizA meM Age kaise bar3heM ? isa hetu jaina AcAryoM ne do upAyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai-- (1) saMvara aura (2) nirjraa| saMvara kA tAtparya hai ki vipAka kI sthiti meM pratikriyA se rahita rahakara navIna karmAsava evaM bandha ko nahIM hone denA aura nirjarA kA tAtparya hai pUrva karmoM ke vipAka kI samabhAva pUrvaka anubhUti karate hue unheM nirjarita kara denA yA phira tapa sAdhanA dvArA pUrvabaddha aniyata vipAkI karmoM ko samaya se pUrva unake vipAka ko pradezodaya ke mAdhyama se nirjarita karanA / yaha satya hai ki pUrvabaddha karmoM ke vipAkodaya kI sthiti meM krodhAdi Avega apanI abhivyakti ke hetu cetanA ke stara para Ate haiM, kintu yadi AtmA usa samaya apane ko rAga-dveSa se Upara uThAkara sAkSIbhAva meM sthita rakheM aura una udaya meM A rahe krodhAdi bhAvoM ke prati mAtra draSTA bhAva rakheM, to vaha bhAvI bandhana se bacakara pUrvabaddha karmoM kI nirjarA kara detA hai aura isa prakAra vaha bandhana se vimukti kI ora apanI yAtrA prArambha kara detA hai| vastutaH kveika va apramattatA aise tathya haiM jo hameM navIna bandhana se bacAkara vimukti kI ora abhimukha karate haiN| vyakti meM jitanI apramattatA yA Atma cetanatA hogI, usakA viveka utanA jAgRta rhegaa| vaha bandhana se vibhukti kI dizA meM Age bddh'egaa| jaina karma siddhAnta batAtA hai ki karmoM ke vipAka ke sambandha meM hama vivaza yA paratantra hote haiM, kintu usa vipAka kI dazA meM bhI hamameM itanI svatantratA avazya hotI hai ki hama navIna karma paramparA kA saMcaya kareM yA na kareM, aisA nizcaya kara sakate haiN| vastutaH karma vipAka ke sandarbha meM hama paratantra hote haiM, kintu navIna karma bandha ke sandarbha meM hama AMzika rUpa meM svatantra hai| isI AMzika svatantratA dvArA hama mukti arthAt pUrNa svatantratA prApta kara sakate haiN| jo sAdhaka vipAkodaya ke samaya sAkSI bhAva yA jJAtA- draSTA bhAva meM jIvana jInA jAnatA hai, vaha nizcaya hI karma-vimukti ko prApta kara letA hai| 2. 3. 4. 126 1. jaina, DaoN. sAgaramala jainakarma siddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura, 1982, pR. 4 zveta zvataropaniSad (gItA presa, gorakhapura ) 111-2 The Philosophical Quarterly, April 1932, p. 72. Maxmullar - - sandarbha - sUcI Three Leacturers on Vedanta Philosophy, p.165.

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5 6 5. 6. 127 7. 8. 9. 10. kundakunda, samayasAra 171 11. (a) aTThavihaM kammagaMdhi-- isibhAsiyAI 31 (ba) aTThavihakaMmmarayamalaM -- isibhAsiyAI 23 12. uttarAdhyayana sUtra (saM. madhukaramuni), 33 / 2-3 13. vahI, 33/4-15 2223 mAlavaNiyA, paM. dalasukhabhAI AtmamImAMsA (jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala ) mizrA, ravindranAtha, jaina karma siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa (pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, 21. vArANasI - 5, 1985), pR. 8 vahI, pR. 9-10 rAgo ya dosro vi ya kammabIyaM, uttarAdhyayanasUtra 32/7 (a) samavAyAMga 514 (ba) isimAsiyAI 9 / 5 ( sa ) tattvArthasUtra 8/1 14. aguttara nikAyuddhRta upAdhyAya bharata siMha, bauddha darzanava anya bhAratIya darzana, pR. 463 15. dekheM- AcArya narendradeva, bauddha dharma darzana, pR. 250 16. devendra sUri, karmagrantha prathama, karma vipAka 17. saMghavI paM. sukhalAla, darzana va cintana, pR. 225 18. AcArya nemicanda, gommaTasAra, karmakANDa - 6 jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa 19. AcArya vidyAnandI, aSTasahastrI, pR. 51, uddhRta-- Tatia N. M., Studies in Jaina Philosophy (P.V. Research Institute, Varanasi-5), p. 227 20. karmagrantha prathama, karma vipAka bhUmikA paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, pR.24 jaina sAgaramala - jaina karma siddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana pR. 17-18 (a) mahAbhArata : zAntiparva (gItA presa, gorakhapura) pR. 129 (ba) tilaka, lokamAnya bAlagaMgAdhara, gItArahasya, pR. 268 23. AcArya narendra deva, bauddha dharma darzana, pR. 277 24. (a) dekheM-- uttarAdhyayana sUtra -- sampAdaka madhukaramuni 414113, 23 11 130 (ba) bhagavatIsUtra 1 12 164 25. dekheM-- (a) Tatia, N.M., Studies in Jaina Philosophy (P.V.R.I.), p.254. (ba) jaina sAgaramala -- jaina karmasiddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 24-27 26. jaina sAgaramala jaina karmasiddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 35-36 27. vahI, pR. 36-40 28. jJAtavya hai ki prastuta vivaraNa tatvArthasUtra adhyAya 6 evaM 8, karma grantha prathama karmavipAka, pR. 54 61, samavAyAMga 30/1 tathA sthAnAMga 1 /4/4/373 para AdhArita hai| 29. yogazAstra (hemacandra ), 4/107. 30. sthAnAMga TIkA (abhayadeva), 1/11-12 31. jainadharma, munisuzIlakumAra, pR. 84

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128 32. samayasAranATaka, banArasIdAsa, utthAnikA 28 33. bhagavatIsUtra, 7/10/121 34. sthAnAMgasUtra sthAna,9 35. bhagavadgItA, 18/17 36. dhammapada, 249 37. sUtrakRtAMga, dvitIya zrutaskandha, AdrakasaMvAda 2/6 38. jainakarmasiddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, sAgaramala jaina, pR. 39. dazavaukalikasUtra, 4/9 40. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 2/214 41. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/14 42. tattvArthasUtra, 1/4 43. isibhAsiyAiM (RSibhASita), 9/2 44. samayasAra (kundakunda ), 145-146 45. pravacanasAra TIkA (amRtacandra), 1/72 kI TIkA 46. samayasAra vacanikA, jayacanda chAbaDA, gAthA 145-146 kI vacanikA pR.207 47. bhagavadgItA, 4/16 48. sUtrakRtAMga, 1/8/22-24 49. bhagavadgItA, 4/16 50. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/8/1-2 51. vahI, 1/8/3 52. AcArAMgasUtra, 1/4/2/1 53. jaina karmasiddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 52-55 54. vahI, pR. 61-67 55. vahI, pR. 57 56. (a) vahI, pR. 67-79 (ba) prastuta vivaraNa tattvArthasUtra adhyAya 6 evaM 8, karmagrantha prathama, (karmavipAka) pR. 54-62, samavAyAMga 30/1 tathA sthAnAMga 1/4/4/373 para AdhArita hai|