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________________ jainadharma meM tIrtha kI avadhAraNA samagra bhAratIya paramparAoM meM 'tIrtha' kI avadhAraNA ko mahattva- dravyatIrtha to mAtra bAhyamala arthAt zarIra kI zuddhi karate haiM athavA ve pUrNa sthAna prApta hai phira bhI jaina paramparA meM tIrtha ko jo mahattva diyA kevala nadI, samudra Adi ke pAra pahu~cAte haiM, ata: ve vAstavika tIrtha gayA hai vaha viziSTa hI hai, kyoMki usameM dharma ko hI tIrtha kahA gayA hai nahIM haiM / vAstavika tIrtha to vaha hai jo jIva ko saMsAra-samudra se usa aura dharma-pravartaka tathA upAsanA evaM sAdhanA ke Adarza ko tIrthaGkara kahA pAra mokSarUpI taTa para pahuMcAtA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM na kevala gayA hai| anya dharma paramparAoM meM jo sthAna Izvara kA hai, vahI jaina paramparA laukika tIrthasthaloM (dravyatIrtha)kI apekSA AdhyAtmika tIrtha (bhAvatIrtha) meM tIrthaGkara ko / vaha dharmarUpI tIrtha kA saMsthApaka mAnA jAtA hai / dUsare kA mahattva batAyA gayA hai, apitu nadiyoM ke jala meM snAna aura usakA zabdoM meM jo tIrtha arthAt dharma-mArga kI sthApanA karatA hai, vahI tIrthaGkara pAna athavA unameM avagAhana mAtra se saMsAra se mukti mAna lene kI dhAraNA hai| isa prakAra jainadharma meM tIrtha evaM tIrthaGkara kI avadhAraNAe~ paraspara jur3I kA khaNDana bhI kiyA gayA hai| bhASyakAra kahatA hai ki "dAha kI zAnti, huI haiM aura ve jainadharma kI prANa haiN| tRSA kA nAza ityAdi kAraNoM se gaMgA Adi ke jala ko zarIra ke lie upakArI hone se tIrtha mAnate ho to anya khAdya, peya evaM zarIra-zuddhi jainadharma meM tIrtha kA sAmAnya artha karane vAle dravya ityAdi bhI zarIra ke upakArI hone ke kAraNa tIrtha mAne jainAcAryoM ne tIrtha kI avadhAraNA para vistAra se prakAza DAlA jAyeMge kintu inheM koI bhI tIrtharUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karatA hai" / hai| tIrtha zabda kI vyutpattiparaka vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai - vAstava meM to tIrtha vaha hai jo hamAre AtmA ke mala ko dhokara hameM tIryate aneneti tIrtha: arthAt jisake dvArA pAra huA jAtA hai vaha tIrtha saMsAra-sAgara se pAra karAtA hai / jaina paramparA kI tIrtha kI yaha kahalAtA hai / isa prakAra sAmAnya artha meM nadI, samudra Adi ke ve taTa adhyAtmaparaka vyAkhyA hameM vaidika paramparA meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai| usameM jinase pAra jAne kI yAtrA prArambha kI jAtI thI tIrtha kahalAte the; isa kahA gayA hai- satya tIrtha hai, kSamA aura indriya-nigraha bhI tIrtha hai| samasta artha meM jainAgama jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM mAgadha tIrtha, varadAma tIrtha aura prabhAsa prANiyoM ke prati dayAbhAva, citta kI saralatA, dAna, santoSa, brahmacarya kA tIrtha kA ullekha milatA hai / pAlana, priyavacana, jJAna, dhairya aura puNya karma - ye sabhI tIrtha haiN|" tIrtha kA lAkSaNika artha dravyatIrtha aura bhAvatIrtha lAkSaNika dRSTi se jainAcAryoM ne tIrtha zabda kA artha liyA - jainoM ne tIrtha ke jaMgamatIrtha aura sthAvaratIrtha aise do vibhAga bhI jo saMsAra samudra se pAra karAtA hai, vaha tIrtha hai aura aise tIrtha kI sthApanA kiye haiN| inheM kramaza: cetanatIrtha aura jar3atIrtha athavA bhAvatIrtha aura karane vAlA tIrthaGkara hai / saMkSepa meM mokSa-mArga ko hI tIrtha kahA gayA hai| dravyatIrtha bhI kaha sakate haiM / vastuta: nadI, sarovara Adi to jar3a yA dravya Avazyakaniyukti meM zrutadharma, sAdhanA-mArga, prAvacana, pravacana aura tIrtha haiM, jabaki zrutavihita mArga para calane vAlA saMgha bhAvatIrtha hai aura tIrtha- ina pAMcoM ko paryAyavAcI batAyA gayA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA vahI vAstavika tIrtha hai| usameM sAdhujana pAra karAne vAle haiM, jJAnAdi hai ki jaina paramparA meM tIrtha zabda kevala taTa athavA pavitra yA pUjya sthala ratnatraya naukA-rUpa tairane ke sAdhana haiM aura saMsAra-samudra hI pAra karane kI ke artha meM prayukta na hokara eka vyApaka artha meM prayukta huA hai| tIrtha se vastu hai / jina jJAna-darzana-cAritra Adi dvArA ajJAnAdi sAMsArika bhAvoM jainoM kA tAtparya mAtra kisI pavitra sthala taka hI sImita nahIM hai / ve se pAra huA jAtA hai, ve hI bhAvatIrtha haiM / krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi to samagra dharmamArga aura dharma-sAdhakoM ke samUha ko hI tIrtha-rUpa meM mala haiM, inako jo nizcaya hI dUra karatA hai vahI vAstava meM tIrtha hai / vyAkhyAyita karate haiM / jinake dvArA krodhAdi kI agni ko zAnta kiyA jAtA hai vahI saMgha vastutaH tIrtha hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki prAcIna jaina paramparA meM . tIrtha kA AdhyAtmika artha Atmazuddhi kI sAdhanA aura jisa saMgha meM sthita hokara yaha sAdhanA kI jainoM ne tIrtha ke laukika aura vyutpattiparaka artha se Upara jA sakatI hai, vaha saMgha hI vAstavika tIrtha mAnA gayA hai| uThakara use AdhyAtmika artha pradAna kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM cANDAlakulotpanna harakezI nAmaka mahAn nirgrantha sAdhaka se jaba yaha pUchA 'tIrtha' ke cAra prakAra gayA ki ApakA sarovara kauna-sA hai ? ApakA zAntitIrtha kauna-sA hai? vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM cAra prakAra ke tIrthoM kA ullekha hai, to usake pratyuttara meM unhoMne kahA ki dharma hI merA sarovara hai aura brahmacarya nAma-tIrtha, sthApanAtIrtha, dravyatIrtha aura bhAvatIrtha / jinheM tIrtha nAma diyA hI zAnti-tIrtha hai jisameM snAna karake AtmA nirmala aura vizuddha ho gayA hai ve nAmatIrtha haiM / ve vizeSa sthala jinheM tIrtha mAna liyA gayA hai, jAtI hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki saritA Adi ve sthApanAtIrtha haiM / anya paramparAoM meM pavitra mAne gaye nadI, sarovara
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________________ jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa 6 / Adi athavA jinendradeva ke garbha, janma, dIkSA, kaivalya prApti evaM nahIM thI, jitanI ki zaiva sampradAya kI - nirvANa ke sthala dravyatIrtha haiM, jabaki mokSamArga aura usakI sAdhanA karane vAlA caturvidhasaMgha bhAvatIrtha hai| isa prakAra jainadharma meM sarvaprathama to jinopadiSTa dharma, usa dharma kA pAlana karane vAle sAdhu-sAdhvI zrAvaka aura zrAvikArUpa caturvidhasaMgha ko hI tIrtha aura usake saMsthApaka ko torthaGkara kahA gayA hai| yadyapi paravartI kAla meM pavitra sthala bhI dravyatIrtha ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiye gaye haiN| , 700 tIrtha zabda dharmasaMgha ke artha meM T prAcIna kAla meM zramaNa paramparA ke sAhitya meM 'tIrtha' zabda kA prayoga dharma-saMgha ke artha meM hotA rahA hai| pratyeka dharmasaMgha yA dhArmika sAdhakoM kA varga tIrtha kahalAtA thA, isI AdhAra para apanI paramparA se bhinna logoM ko tairthika yA anyatairthika kahA jAtA thaa| jaina sAhitya meM / bauddha Adi anya zramaNa paramparAoM ko tairthika yA anya tairthika ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai" bauddha grantha dIghanikAya ke sAmaJJaphalasutta meM bhI nirdhanya zAtRputra mahAvIra ke atirikta maMkhaligozAlaka ajitakezakambala, pUrNakAzyapa, pakudhakAtyAyana Adi ko bhI titvakara (tIrthaMkara) kahA gayA hai"| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki unake sAdhakoM kA varga bhI tIrtha ke nAma se abhihita hotA thaa| jaina paramparA meM to jainasaMgha yA jaina sAdhakoM ke samudAya ke lie tIrtha zabda kA prayoga prAcIna kAla se lekara vartamAna yuga taka yathAvat pracalita hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne mahAvIra kI stuti karate hue kahA hai ki he bhagavan ! ApakA yaha tIrthaM sarvodaya arthAt sabakA kalyANa karane vAlA hai / 15 mahAvIra kA dharmasaMgha sadaiva hI tIrtha ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA rahA hai / sAdhanA kI sukaratA aura duSkaratA ke AdhAra para tIrthoM kA vargIkaraNa vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM sAdhanA paddhati ke sukara yA duSkara hone ke AdhAra para bhI ina saMgharUpI tIrthoM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| bhASyakAra ne cAra prakAra ke tIrthoM kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki1. sarvaprathama kucha tIrtha (taTa) aise hote haiM jinameM praveza bhI sukhakara hotA hai aura jahA~ se pAra karanA bhI sukhakara hotA hai; isI prakAra kucha tIrtha yA sAdhaka saMgha aise hote haiM, jinameM praveza bhI sukhada hotA hai aura sAdhanA bhI sukhada hotI hai| aise tIrtha kA udAharaNa dete hue bhASyakAra ne zaivamata kA ullekha kiyA hai, kyoMki zaiva sampradAya meM praveza aura sAdhanA donoM hI sukhakara mAne gaye haiM / 2. dUsare varga meM ve tIrthaM (taTa) Ate haiM jinameM praveza to sukharUpa ho kintu jahA~ se pAra honA duSkara yA kaThina ho| isI prakAra kucha dharmasaMghoM meM praveza to sukhada hotA hai kintu sAdhanA kaThina hotI hai| aise saMgha kA udAharaNa bauddha saMgha ke rUpa meM diyA gayA hai| bauddha saMgha meM praveza to sulabhatApUrvaka sambhava thA, kintu sAdhanA utanI sukharUpa 3. tIsare varga meM aise tIrtha kA ullekha huA hai jisameM praveza to kaThina hai kintu sAdhanA sukara hai| bhASyakAra ne isa sandarbha meM jainoM ke hI acela sampradAya kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa saMgha meM acelakatA anivArya thI, ataH isa tIrtha ko praveza kI dRSTi se duSkara, kintu anupAlana kI dRSTi se sukara mAnA gayA hai| 4. granthakAra ne cauthe varga meM usa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai jisameM praveza aura sAdhanA donoM duSkara hai aura svayaM isa rUpa meM apane hI sampradAya kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha vargIkaraNa kitanA samucita hai| yaha vivAda kA viSaya ho sakatA hai kintu itanA nizcita hai ki sAdhanAmArga kI sukaratA yA duSkaratA ke AdhAra para jaina paramparA meM vividha prakAra ke tIrthoM kI kalpanA kI gaI hai aura sAdhanA mArga ko hI tIrtha ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| - isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM tIrtha se tAtparya mukhya rUpa se pavitra sthala kI apekSA sAdhanA vidhi se liyA gayA hai aura jJAna, darzana aura cAritra rUpa mokSamArga ko hI bhAvatIrtha kahA gayA hai, kyoMki ye sAdhaka ke viSaya kaSAyarUpI mala ko dUra karake samAdhi rUpI AtmazAnti ko prApta karavAne meM samartha hai| prakArAntara se sAdhakoM ke varga ko bhI tIrtha kahA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM tIrtha kI vyAkhyA karate / hue spaSTarUpa se kahA gayA hai ki caturvidha zramaNasaMgha hI tIrtha hai|" zramaNa, zramaNI zrAvaka aura zrAvikAyeM isa caturvidha zramaNAsaMgha ke cAra aMga haiN| isa prakAra yaha sunizcita hai ki prAcIna jaina granthoM meM tIrtha zabda ko saMsAra samudra se pAra karAne vAle sAdhana ke rUpa meM grahIta karake trividha sAdhanA mArga aura usakA anupAlana karane vAle caturvidha zramaNa saMgha ko hI vAstavika tIrtha mAnA gayA hai| , - nizcayatIrtha aura vyavahAratIrtha : / jainoM kI digambara paramparA meM tIrtha kA vibhAjana nizcayatIrtha aura vyavahAratIrtha ke rUpa meM huA hai| nizcayatIrtha ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama to AtmA ke zuddha buddha svabhAva ko hI nizcayatIrtha kahA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki paMcamahAvratoM se yukta samyaktva se vizuddha, pAMca indriyoM se saMyata nirapekSa AtmA hI aisA tIrtha hai jisameM dIkSA aura zikSA rUpa snAna karake pavitra huA jAtA hai / " punaH nirdoSa samyaktva, kSamA Adi dharma, nirmalasaMyama, uttama tapa aura yarthAthajJAna- ye saba bhI kaSAyabhAva se rahita aura zAntabhAva se yukta hone para nizcayatIrthaM mAne gaye haiN| isI prakAra mUlAcAra meM zrutadharma ko tIrthaM kahA gayA hai, " kyoMki vaha jJAna ke mAdhyama se AtmA ko pavitra banAtA hai| sAmAnya niSkarSa yaha hai ki ve sabhI sAdhana jo AtmA ke viSaya kaSAyarUpI mala ko dUra kara use saMsAra samudra se pAra utArane meM sahAyaka hote haiM yA pavitra banAte haiM, ve nizcayatIrtha hai| yadyapi bodhapAhuDa kI TIkA (lagabhaga 11vIM zatI) meM yaha spaSTa rUpa se ullekha milatA hai ki 'jo nizcayatIrtha kI prApti kA kAraNa hai aise jagat-prasiddha muktajIvoM ke caraNakamaloM se saMsparzita urjayaMta, ' .
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________________ jainadharma meM tIrtha kI avadhAraNA zatruJjaya pAvAgiri Adi tIrtha haiM aura karmakSaya kA kAraNa hone se ve vyavahAratIrtha bhI vandanIya mAne gaye haiN| isa prakAra digambara paramparA meM bhI sAdhanAmArga aura Atmavizuddhi ke kAraNoM ko nizcayatIrtha aura paMcakalyANaka bhUmiyoM ko vyavahAra tIrtha mAnA gayA hai| mUlAcAra meM bhI yaha kahA gayA hai ki dAhopazamana, tRSAnAza aura mala kI zuddhi ve tIna kArya jo karate haiM ve dravyatIrtha haiM 'kintu jo jJAna, darzana aura cAritra se yukta jinadeva haiM ve bhAvatIrtha haiM' yaha bhAvatIrtha hI nizcayatIrtha hai| kalyANa bhUmi to vyavahAratIrtha hai / isa prakAra zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM pradhAnatA to bhAvatIrtha yA niyatIrtha ko hI dI gaI hai, kintu Atmavizuddhi ke hetu yA preraka hone ke kAraNa dravyatIrthoM yA vyavahAratIyoM ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| smaraNa rahe ki anya dharma paramparAoM meM jo tIrtha kI avadhAraNA upalabdha hai, usakI tulanA jainoM ke dravyatIrtha se kI jA sakatI hai| jaina paramparA meM tIrtha zabda kA artha vikAsa zramaNa-paramparA meM prArambha meM tIrtha kI isa avadhAraNA ko eka AdhyAtmika artha pradAna kiyA gayA thaa| vizeSAvazyakabhASya jaise prAcIna Agamika vyAkhyA-granthoM meM bhI vaidika paramparA meM mAnya nadI, sarovara Adi sthaloM ko tIrtha mAnane kI avadhAraNA kA khaNDana kiyA gayA aura usake sthAna para ratnatraya se yukta sAdhanAmArga arthAt usa sAdhanA meM cala rahe sAdhaka ke saMgha ko tIrtha ke rUpa meM abhihita kiyA gayA hai| yahI dRSTikoNa acela paramparA ke anya mUlAcAra meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai, jisakA ullekha pUrva meM hama kara cuke haiN| kintu paravartI kAla meM jaina paramparA meM tIrtha sambandhI avadhAraNA meM parivartana huA aura dravya tIrtha arthAt pavitra sthaloM ko bhI tIrthamAnA gyaa| sarvaprathama tIrthaGkaroM ke garbha, janma, dIkSA, kaivalya aura nirvANa se sambandhita sthaloM ko pUjya mAnakara unheM tIrtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| Age calakara tIrthakaroM ke jIvana kI pramukha ghaTanAoM se sambandhita sthala hI nahIM apitu gaNadhara evaM pramukha muniyoM ke nirvANasthala aura unake jIvana kI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA se jur3e hue sthala bhI tIrtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiye gye| isase bhI Age calakara ve sthala bhI, jahA~ kalAtmaka mandira bane yA jahA~ kI pratimAe~ camatkArapUrNa mAnI gayIM, tIrtha kahe gaye / , hindU aura jainatIrtha kI avadhAraNAoM meM maulika antara yaha satya hai ki kAlAntara meM jainoM ne hindU paramparA ke samAna hI kucha sthaloM ko pavitra aura pUjya mAnakara unakI pUjA aura yAtrA ko mahattva diyA, kintu phira bhI donoM avadhAraNAoM meM mUlabhUta antara hai| hindU paramparA nadI, sarovara Adi ko svataH pavitra mAnatI hai, jaise gNgaa| yaha nadI kisI RSi-muni Adi ke jIvana kI kisI ghaTanA se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa nahIM, apitu svataH hI pavitra hai / aise pavitra sthala para snAna, pUjA-arcanA, dAna-puNya evaM yAtrA Adi karane ko eka 701 dhArmika kRtya mAnA jAtA hai| isake viparIta jaina paramparA meM tIrtha sthala ko apane Apa meM pavitra nahIM mAnA gayA, apitu yaha mAnA gayA ki tIrthakara athavA anya tyAgI tapasvI mahApuruSoM ke jIvana se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa ve sthala pavitra bane haiN| jainoM ke anusAra koI bhI sthala apane Apa meM pavitra yA apavitra nahIM hotA, apitu vaha kisI mahApuruSa se sambaddha hokara yA unakA sAnnidhya pAkara pavitra mAnA jAne lagatA hai, yathA kalyANaka bhUmiyA~; jo tIrthaGkara ke garbha janma, dIkSA kaivalya yA nirvANasthala hone se pavitra mAnI jAtI hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI buddha ke jIvana se sambandhita sthaloM ko pavitra mAnA gayA haiN| - 1 hindU aura jaina paramparA meM dUsarA mahattvapUrNa antara yaha hai ki jahA~ hindU paramparA meM pramukhatayA nadI-sarovara Adi ko tIrtha rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai vahIM jaina paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA kisI nagara athavA parvata ko hI tIrthasthala ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| yaha antara bhI mUlata: to kisI sthala ko svataH pavitra mAnanA yA kisI prasiddha ke mahApuruSa kAraNa pavitra mAnanA isI tathya para AdhArita hai / punaH isa antara kA eka prasiddha kAraNa yaha bhI hai- jahA~ hindU paramparA meM bAhya zauca (snAnAdi, zArIrika zuddhi) kI pradhAnatA thI, vahIM jaina paramparA meM tapa aura tyAga dvArA Atmazuddhi kI pradhAnatA thI, snAnAdi to varjya hI mAne gaye the ataH yaha svAbhAvika thA ki jahA~ hindU paramparA meM nadI-sarovara tIrtha rUpa meM vikasita hue, vahA~ jaina paramparA meM sAdhanAsthala ke rUpa meM vana-parvata Adi tIrthoM ke rUpa meM vikasita hue / yadyapi ApavAdika rUpa meM hindU paramparA meM bhI kailAza Adi parvatoM ko tIrtha mAnA gayA, vahIM jaina paramparA meM zatruMjaya nadI Adi ko pavitra yA tIrtha ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai, kintu yaha ina paramparAoM ke pArasparika prabhAva kA pariNAma thA / punaH hindU paramparA meM jina parvatIya sthaloM jaise kailAza Adi ko tIrtha rUpa meM mAnA gayA unake pIche bhI kisI deva kA nivAsa sthAna yA usakI sAdhanAsthalI honA hI ekamAtra kAraNa thA, kintu yaha nivRttimArgI paramparA kA hI prabhAva thaa| dUsarI ora hindU paramparA ke prabhAva se jainoM meM bhI yaha avadhAraNa banI ki yadi zatruMjaya nadI meM snAna nahIM kiyA to mAnava jIvana hI nirarthaka ho gayA / 'satarUMjI nadI nahAyo nahIM, to gayo minakha jamAro hAra - tIrtha aura tIrthayAtrA - pUrva vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki jaina paramparA meM 'tIrtha' zabda ke artha kA aitihAsika vikAsa krama hai| sarvaprathama jaina dharma meM gaMgA Adi laukika tIrthoM kI yAtrA tathA vahA~ snAna, pUjana Adi ko dharma sAdhanA kI dRSTi se anAvazyaka mAnA gayA aura tIrtha zabda ko AdhyAtmika artha pradAna kara AdhyAtmika sAdhanA mArga ko tathA usa sAdhanA kA anupAlana karane vAle sAdhakoM ke saMgha ko hI tIrtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| kintu kAlAntara meM jaina paramparA meM bhI tIrthaGkaroM ko kalyANaka bhUmiyoM ko pavitra sthAnoM ke rUpa meM mAnya karake tIrtha kI laukika avadhAraNA kA vikAsa huaa| I0pU0 meM racita ati prAcIna jaina AgamoM jaise .
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________________ 702 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 AcArAMga Adi meM hameM jaina tIrthasthaloM kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai kI janma kalyANaka Adi bhUmiyoM ke atirikta uttarApatha meM dharmacakra, yadyapi unameM hindU paramparA ke tIrthasthaloM para hone vAle mahotsavoM tathA mathurA meM devanirmitastUpa aura kauzala kI jIvantasvAmI kI pratimA ko yAtrAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| parantu AdhyAtmamArgI jaina paramparA muni pUjya batAyA gayA hai / 27 isI prakAra ve sthala, jahAM kalAtmaka evaM bhavya ke lie ina tIrthameloM aura yAtrAoM meM bhAga lene kA bhI niSedha karatI mandiroM kA nirmANa huA athavA kisI jina-pratimA ko camatkArI mAna thI / IsA kI prathama zatAbdI se pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke madhya nirmita liyA gayA, tIrtha rUpa meM mAnya hue| uttarApatha, mathurA aura kozala Adi paravartI Agamika sAhitya meM bhI yadyapi jaina tIrthasthaloM aura tIrthayAtrAoM kI tIrtha rUpa meM prasiddhi isI kAraNa thii| hamArI dRSTi se sambhavataH Age ke spaSTa saMketa to nahIM milate, phira bhI inameM tIrthaGkaroM kI kalyANakabhUmiyoM, calakara tIrthoM kA jo vibhAjana kalyANaka kSetra, siddhakSetra aura atizayakSetra vizeSa rUpa se janma evaM nirvANasthaloM kI carcA hai22 / sAtha hI tIrthaGkaroM ke rUpa meM huA, usakA bhI yahI kAraNa thaa| kI citA-bhasma evaM asthiyoM ko kSIrasamudrAdi meM pravAhita karane tathA tIrtha kSetra ke prakAra - jaina paramparA meM tIrtha sthaloM kA devaloka meM unake rakhe jAne ke ullekha ina AgamoM meM haiM / unameM vargIkaraNa mukhya rUpa se tIna vargoM meM kiyA jAtA hai - asthiyoM evaM citA-bhasma para caitya aura stUpa ke nirmANa ke ullekha bhI 1. kalyANakakSetra, 2. nirvANakSetra aura 3. atizayakSetra / milate haiM / jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM RSabha ke nirvANasthala para stUpa banAne kA 1.kalyANaka kSetra- jaina paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA pratyeka ullekha hai23 / isa kAla ke Agama granthoM meM hameM devaloka evaM tIrthaMkara ke pAMca kalyANaka mAne gaye haiN| kalyANaka zabda kA tAtparya nandIzvaradvIpa meM nirmita caitya Adi ke ullekhoM ke sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI tIrthaMkara ke jIvana kI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA se sambandhita pavitra dina se hai| varNana milatA hai ki parva-tithiyoM meM devatA nandIzvaradvIpa jAkara mahotsava jaina paramparA meM tIrthaMkaroM ke garbha-praveza, janma, dIkSA (abhiniSkramaNa), Adi manAte haiN|4 / yadyapi isa kAla ke AgamoM meM arihaMtoM ke stUpoM kaivalya (bodhiprApti) aura nirvANa divasoM ko kalyANa divasa ke rUpa evaM caityoM ke ullekha to haiM kintu una pavitra sthaloM para manuSyoM dvArA meM mAnA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkara ke jIvana kI ye mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAe~ jisa nagara Ayojita hone vAle mahotsavoM aura unakI tIrtha-yAtrAoM para jAne kA yA sthala para ghaTita hotI haiM use kalyANaka bhUmi kahA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkaroM koI ullekha nahIM hai / vidvAnoM se merI apekSA hai ki yadi unheM isa taraha kI ina kalyANaka bhUmiyoM kA eka saMkSipta vivaraNa nimna prakAra haikA koI ullekha mile to ve sUcita kreN| 2. nirvANakSetra- nirvANakSetra ko sAmanyatayA siddhakSetra bhI yadyapi lohAnIpura aura mathurA meM upalabdha jina-mUrtiyoM, AyAgapaTToM, kahA jAtA hai / jisa sthala se kisI muni ko nirvANa prApta hotA hai, stUpAMkanoM tathA pUjA ke nimitta kamala lekara prasthAna Adi ke aMkanoM vaha sthala siddhakSetra yA nirvANasthala ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / sAmAnya se yaha to nizcita ho jAtA hai ki jaina paramparA meM caityoM ke nirmANa aura mAnyatA to yaha hai ki isa bhUmaNDala para aisI koI bhI jagaha nahIM hai jahA~ jina pratimA ke pUjana kI paramparA I0pU0 kI tIsarI zatAbdI meM bhI se koI na koI muni siddhi ko prApta na huA ho / ata: vyAvahArika dRSTi pracalita thii| kintu tIrtha aura tIrthayAtrA sambandhI ullekhoM kA AcArAMga, se to samasta bhUmaNDala hI siddhakSetra yA nirvANakSetra hai / phira bhI uttarAdhyayana evaM dazavaikAlika jaise isa kAla ke prAcIna AgamoM meM sAmAnyatayA jahA~ se aneka suprasiddha muniyoM ne nirvANa prApta kiyA ho, abhAva hamAre sAmane eka prazna cihna to avazya hI upasthita karatA hai| use nirvANa kSetra kahA jAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM zatrujaya, pAvAgiri, tIrtha aura tIrthayAtrA sambandhI samasta ullekha niyukti, bhASya tuMgIgiri) siddhavarakUTa, cUlagiri, rezandagiri, sonAgiri Adi siddhakSetra aura cUrNi sAhitya meM upalabdha hote haiM / AcArAMga niyukti meM aSTApada, mAne jAte haiN| siddhakSetroM kI viziSTa mAnyatA to digambara paramparA meM Urjayanta, gajAgrapada, dharmacakra aura ahicchatrA ko vandana kiyA gayA pracalita hai, kintu zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI zatrujayatIrtha siddhakSetra hI hai| hai / 25 isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki niyukti kAla meM tIrthasthaloM ke darzana, 3. atizayakSetra- ve sthala, jo na to kisI tIrthaGkara kI vandana evaM yAtrA kI avadhAraNA spaSTa rUpa se bana cukI thI aura ise puNya kalyANaka-bhUmi haiM, na kisI muni kI sAdhanA yA nirvANa-bhUmi haiM kintu kArya mAnA jAtA thA / nizIthacUrNi meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki jahA~ kI jina-mUrtiyA~ camatkArI haiM athavA jahA~ ke mandira bhavya haiM, ve tIrthaGkaroM kI kalyANaka bhUmiyoM kI yAtrA karane se darzana kI vizuddhi atizaya kSetra kahe jAte hai / Aja jaina paramparA meM adhikAMza tIrtha hotI hai arthAt vyakti kI zraddhA puSTa hotI hai| atizayakSetra ke rUpa meM hI mAne jAte hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM AbU, isa prakAra jainoM meM tIrthaGkaroM kI kalyANaka-bhUmiyoM kI tIrtharUpa raNakapura, jaisalamera, zravaNabelagolA Adi isI rUpa meM prasiddha haiM / hameM meM svIkAra kara unakI yAtrA ke spaSTa ullekha sarvaprathama lagabhaga chaThI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jainoM ke kucha tIrtha na kevala tIrthaMkaroM kI zatI se milane lagate haiM / yadyapi isake pUrva bhI yaha paramparA pracalita mUrtiyoM ke cAmatkArika hone ke kAraNa, apitu usa tIrtha ke adhiSThAyaka to avazya hI rahI hogii| isa kAla meM kalyANaka bhUmiyoM ke atirikta devoM kI camatkAritA ke kAraNa bhI prasiddhi una tIrthoM ke adhiSThAyaka ve sthala, jo mandira aura mUrtikalA ke kAraNa prasiddha ho gaye the, unheM devoM ke kAraNa hI huI hai| isI prakAra hummaca kI prasiddhi pArzva kI yakSI bhI tIrtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA aura unakI yAtrA evaM vandana ko padmAvatI kI mUrti ke cAmatkArika hone ke AdhAra para hI hai| bhI bodhilAbha aura nirjarA kA kAraNa mAnA gyaa| nizIthacUrNi meM tIrthaGkaroM ina tIna prakAra ke tIrthoM ke atirikta kucha tIrtha aise bhI haiM jo
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________________ isa kalpanA para AdhArita hai ki yahA~ para kisI samaya tIrthaGkara kA padArpaNa huA thA yA unakI dharmasabhA (samavasaraNa) huI thii| isake sAthasAtha Aja kucha jaina AcAryoM ke jIvana se sambandhita sthaloM para guru maMdiroM kA nirmANa kara unheM bhI tIrtha rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai / tIrtha yAtrA jaina paramparA meM tIrthayAtrAoM kA pracalana kaba se huA, yaha kahanA atyanta kaThina hai, kyoMki cUrNisAhitya ke pUrva AgamoM meM tIrtha sthaloM kI yAtrA karane kA spaSTa ullekha kahI nahIM milatA hai| sarvaprathama nizIthacUrNi meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha ullekha hai ki tIrthakaroM kI kalyANakabhUmiyoM kI yAtrA karatA huA jIva darzana vizuddhi ko prApta karatA hai " isI prakAra vyavahArabhASya aura vyavahAra cUrNi meM yaha ullekha hai ki jo muni aSTamI aura caturdazI ko apane nagara ke samasta caityoM aura upAyoM meM Thahare hue muniyoM ko vandana nahIM karatA hai to vaha mAsalaghu prAyazcitta kA doSI hotA hai| tIthayAtrA kA ullekha mahAnizIthasUtra meM bhI milatA hai / isa grantha kA racanA kAla vivAdAspada hai / haribhadra evaM jinadAsagaNi dvArA isake uddhAra kI kathA to svayaM grantha meM hI varNita hai / nandIsUtra meM AgamoM kI sUcI meM mahAnizItha kA ullekha anupalabdha hai| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki isakA racanA kAla chaThI se AThavIM zatAbdI ke madhya hI huA hogaa| isa AdhAra para bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina paramparA meM tIrtha yAtrAoM ko isI kAlAvadhi meM vizeSa mahattva prApta huA hogA / mahAnizItha meM ullekha hai ki 'he bhagavan yadi Apa AjJA deM to hama candraprabha svAmI ko vandana kara aura dharmacakra kI tIrthayAtrA kara vApasa aayeN|" "30 jainadharma meM tIrtha kI avadhAraNA jinayAtrA ke sandarbha meM haribhadra ke paMcAzaka meM viziSTa vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| haribhadra ne naveM paMcAzaka meM jinayAtrA ke vidhi-vidhAna kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, kintu anya ko dekhane se aisA lagatA hai ki vastutaH yaha vivaraNa dUrastha tIrthoM meM jAkara yAtrA karane kI apekSA apane nagara meM hI jina pratimA kI zobhA yAtrA se sambandhita hai| isameM yAtrA ke kartavyoM evaM uddezyoM kA nirdeza hai| unake anusAra jinayAtrA meM jinadharma kI prabhAvanA ke hetu yathAzakti dAna, tapa, zarIra-saMskAra, ucita gIta-vAdina, stuti Adi karanA cAhie" tIrtha yAtrAoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM jo chaha-rI pAlaka saMgha yAtrA kI jo pravRtti pracalita hai, usake pUrva-bIja bhI haribhadra ke isa vivaraNa meM dikhAI dete haiN| Aja bhI tIrthayAtrA meM ina chaha bAtoM kA pAlana acchA mAnA jAtA hai I 1. dina meM ekabAra bhojana karanA (ekAhArI) 2. bhUmizayana (bhU- AdhArI) 3. paidala calanA (pAdacArI) 4. zuddha zraddhA rakhanA (zraddhAcArI) 5. sarvasacitta kA tyAga (sacita parihArI) 6. brahmacarya kA pAlana ( brahmacArI) 703 tIrthoM ke mahattva evaM yAtrAoM sambandhI vivaraNa hameM mukhya rUpa se paravartI kAla ke granthoM meM hI milate haiN| sarvaprathama 'sArAvalI' nAmaka prakIrNaka meM zatruMjaya 'puNDarIka tIrtha' kI utpatti kathA, usakA mahattva evaM usakI yAtrA tathA vahAM kiye gaye tapa, pUjA, dAna Adi ke phala vizeSa rUpa se ullikhita haiM / 32 - isake atirikta vividhatIrtha -kalpa (13vIM zatI) aura tIrtha mAlAyeM bhI jo ki 12vIM 13vIM zatAbdI se lekara paravartI kAla meM paryApta rUpa se racI gayI; tIrthoM kI mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI pradAna karatI haiM / jaina sAhitya meM tIrthayAtrA saMghoM ke nikAle jAne sambandhI vivaraNa bhI 13vIM zatI ke pazcAt racita aneka tIrthamAlAoM evaM abhilekhoM meM yatra-tatra mila jAte haiM, jinakI carcA Age kI gayI hai| tIrthayAtrA kA uddezya na kevala dharma sAdhanA hai, balki isakA vyAvahArika uddezya bhI hai, jisakA saMketa nizIthacUrNi meM milatA hai / usameM kahA gayA hai ki jo eka grAma kA nivAsI ho jAtA hai aura anya grAma-nagaroM ko nahIM dekhatA vaha kUpamaMDUka hotA hai| isake viparIta jo bhramaNazIla hotA hai vaha aneka prakAra ke grAma-nagara, sanniveza, janapada, rAjadhAnI Adi meM vicaraNa kara vyavahAra kuzala ho jAtA hai tathA nadI, guhA, tAlAba, parvata Adi ko dekhakara cakSu sukha ko bhI prApta karatA hai| sAtha hI tIrthaMkaroM kI kalyANaka bhUmiyoM ko dekhakara darzana- vizuddhi bhI prApta karatA hai / punaH anya sAdhuoM ke samAgama kA bhI lAbha letA hai aura unakI samAcArI se bhI paricita ho jAtA hai| paraspara dAnAdi dvArA vividha prakAra ke ghRta, dadhi, gur3a, kSIra Adi nAnA vyaJjanoM kA rasa bhI le letA hai / " nizIthacUrNi ke uparyukta vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jainAcArya tIrthayAtrA kI AdhyAtmika mUlyavattA ke sAtha-sAtha usakI vyAvahArika upAdeyatA bhI svIkArate the / tIrthaviSayaka zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya tIrthaviSayaka sAhitya meM kucha kalyANaka bhUmiyoM ke ullekha samavAyAMga, jJAtA aura paryUSaNAkalpa meM haiN| kalyANaka bhUmiyoM ke atirikta anya tIrthakSetroM ke jo ullekha upalabdha hote haiM unameM zvetAmbara paramparA meM sabase pahale mahAnizItha aura nizIthacUrNi meM hameM mathurA, uttarApakSa aura campA ke ullekha milate haiN| nizIthacUrNi vyavahArabhASya, vyavahAracUrNi Adi meM bhI nAmollekha ke atirikta ina tIrthoM ke sandarbha meM vizeSa koI jAnakArI nahIM milatI; mAtra yaha batAyA gayA hai ki stUpoM ke lie, uttarApatha dharmacakra ke lie aura campA jIvantasvAmI kI pratimA ke lie prasiddha the / tIrtha sambandhI viziSTa sAhitya meM titthogAliya prakIrNaka, sArAvalI prakIrNaka ke nAma mahattvapUrNa mAne jA sakate haiN| kintu titthogAliya prakIrNaka meM tIrthasthaloM kA vivaraNa na hokara ke sAdhu sAdhvI zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha tIrtha kI vibhinna kAloM meM vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM dvArA jo sthApanA kI gaI, usake ullekha milate haiM, usameM jainasaMgharUpI tIrtha ke bhUta aura bhaviSya ke sambandha meM kucha sUcanAe~ .
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________________ 704 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 prastuta kI gaI haiM / usameM mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda AgamoM kA viccheda ullekha hai / 34 kisa prakAra se hogA ? kauna-kauna pramukha AcArya aura rAjA Adi hogeM, sambhavata: samagra jaina tIrthoM kA nAmollekha karane vAlI upalaka isake ullekha haiM / isa prakIrNaka meM zvetAmbara paramparA ko amAnya aise racanAoM meM yaha prAcInatama racanA hai / 32 yadyapi isameM dakSiNa ke una Agama Adi ke uccheda ke ullekha bhI haiM / yaha prakIrNaka mukhyataH digambara jaina tIrthoM ke ullekha nahIM hai jo ki isa kAla meM astitvavAn mahArASTrI prAkRta meM upalabdha hotA hai, kintu isa para zaurasenI kA prabhAva the| isa racanA ke pazcAt hamAre sAmane tIrtha samabandhI vivaraNa dene vAlI bhI parilakSita hotA hai / isakA racanAkAla nizcita karanA to kaThina hai dUsarI mahattvapUrNa evaM vistRta racanA vividhatIrthakalpa hai, isa grantha meM phira bhI yaha lagabhaga dasavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kA honA cAhie, aisA dakSiNa ke kucha digambara tIrthoM ko chor3akara parva, uttara, pazcima aura madhya anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| bhArata ke lagabhaga sabhI tIrthoM kA vistRta evaM vyApaka varNana upalabdha tIrthaM sambandhI vistRta vivaraNa kI dRSTi se Agamika aura hotA haiM, yaha I0 san 1332 kI racanA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA kI tIrtha prAkRta bhASA ke granthoM meM 'sArAvalI' ko mukhya mAnA jA sakatA hai| isameM sambandhI racanAoM meM isakA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna mAnA jA sakatA mukhyarUpa se zatrujaya aparanAma puNDarIka nAma kaise par3A? ye do bAteM hai| isameM jo varNana upalabdha hai, usase aisA lagatA hai ki adhikAMza mukhya rUpa se vivecita haiM aura isa sambandha meM kathA bhI dI gaI hai| yaha tIrthasthaloM kA ullekha kavi ne svayaM dekhakara kiyA hai / yaha kRti sampUrNa grantha lagabhaga 116 gAthAoM meM pUrNa huA hai / yadyapi yaha graMtha apabhraMza mizrita prAkRta aura saMskRta meM nirmita hai / isameM jina tIrthoM kA prAkRta bhASA meM likhA gayA hai, kintu bhASA para apabhraMza ke prabhAva ko ullekha hai ve nimna haiM - zatrujaya, raivatakagiri, stambhanatIrtha, ahicchatrA, dekhate hue ise paravartI hI mAnA jaayegaa| isakA kAla dazavIM zatAbdI arbuda (Abu), azvAvabodha (bhar3auca), vaibhAragiri (rAjagiri), kauzAmbI, ke lagabhaga hogaa| ayodhyA, apApA (pAvA) kalikuNDa, hastinApura, satyapura (sAcaura), isa prakIrNaka meM isa tIrtha para dAna, tapa, sAdhanA Adi ke aSTApada (kailAza), mithilA, ratnavAhapura, pratiSThAnapattana (paiThana), kAmpilya, vizeSaphala kI carcA huI hai| grantha ke anusAra puNDarIka tIrtha kI mahimA aNahilapura, pATana, zaMkhapura, nAsikyapura (nAsika), harikaMkhInagara, aura kathA atimukta nAmaka RSi ne nArada ko sunAyI, jise sunakara usane avaMtidezastha abhinandanadeva, campA, pATaliputra, zrAvastI, vArANasI, dIkSita hokara kevalajJAna aura siddhi ko prApta kiyA / kathAnusAra koTizilA, kokAvasati, liMpurI, aMtarikSapArzvanAtha, phalavarddhipArzvanAtha, RSabhadeva ke pautra puNDarIka ke nirvANa ke kAraNa yaha tIrtha puNDarIkagiri (phalaudhI), AmarakuNDa, (hanamakoNDa-AMdhrapradeza) aadi| ke nAma se pracalita huaa| isa tIrtha para nami, vinami Adi do karor3a ina graMthoM ke pazcAt zvetAmbara paramparA meM aneka tIrthamAlAyeM evaM kevalI siddha hue haiM / rAma, bharata Adi tathA paMcapANDavoM evaM pradyumna, caityaparipATiyA~ likhI gaIM jo ki tIrtha sambandhI sAhitya kI mahattvapUrNa zAmba Adi kRSNa ke putroM ke isI parvata se siddha hone kI kathA bhI aMga haiM / ina tIrthamAlAoM aura caityaparipATiyoM kI saMkhyA zatAdhika hai pracalita hai| isa prakAra yaha prakIrNaka pazcima bhArata ke sarvavizruta jaina aura ye gyArahavIM zatAbdI se lekara satrahavIM-aThAravIM zatAbdI taka tIrtha kI mahimA kA varNana karane vAlA prathama grantha mAnA jA sakatA hai| nirmita hotI rahI haiN| ina tIrthamAlAoM tathA caityaparipATiyoM meM kucha to zvetAmbara paraMparA ke prAcIna Agamika sAhitya meM isake atirikta anya aisI haiM jo kisI tIrtha viziSTa se hI sambandhita haiM aura kucha aisI haiM koI tIrtha sambandhI svatantra racanA hamArI jAnakArI meM nahIM hai| jo sabhI tIrthoM kA ullekha karatI haiM / aitihAsika dRSTi se ina caitya isake pazcAt tIrtha sambandhI sAhitya meM prAcInatama jo racanA paripATiyoM kA apanA mahattva hai, kyoMki ye apane-apane kAla meM jaina upalabdha hotI hai, vaha bappabhaTTisUri kI paramparA ke yazodevasUri ke gaccha tIrthoM kI sthiti kA samyak vivaraNa prastuta kara detI haiM / ina caityake siddhasenasUri kA sakalatIrthastotra hai / yaha racanA I0 san 1067 paripATiyoM meM na kevala tIrthakSetroM kA vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai, apitu arthAt gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha kI hai / isa racanA meM sammetazikhara, vahA~ kisa-kisa mandira meM kitanI pASANa aura dhAtu kI jina pratimAe~ zatruJjaya,Urjayanta, arbuda, cittaur3a, jAlapura (jAlaura) raNathambhaura, gopAlagiri rakhI gayI haiM, isakA bhI vivaraNa upalabdha ho jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa (gvAliyara) mathurA, rAjagRha, campA, pAvA, ayodhyA, kAmpilya, bhaddilapura, meM kaTukamati lAdhAzAha dvArA viracita sUratacaityaparipATI meM yaha batAyA zaurIpura, aMgaiyA (aMgadikA), kannauja, zrAvastI, vArANasI, rAjapura, gayA hai ki isa nagara ke gopIpurA kSetra meM kula 75 jinamaMdira, 5vizAla kuNDanI, gajapura, talavAr3a, devarAu, khaMDila, DiNDUvAna (DiNDavAnA),narAna, jina maMdira tathA 1325 jinabimba the / sampUrNa sUrata nagara meM 10 harSapura (SaTTaudese) nAgapura ( nAgaura-sAmbharadeza), pallI, saNDera, nANaka, vizAla jinamandira, 235 derAsara (gRhacaitya), 3garbhagRha, 3978 jina koraNTa, bhinnamAla,(gurjara deza), Ahar3a (mevAr3a deza) upakesanagara pratimAe~ thIM / isake atirikta siddhacakra, kamalacaumukha, paMcatIthIM, (kirADaue) jayapura (marudeza) satyapura (sAcaura), guhuyarAya, pazcima caubIsI Adi ko milAne para 10041 jinapratimAe~ usa nagara meM thIM, vallI, thArAprada, vAyaNa, jalihara, nagara, kher3a, moDhera, anahillavAr3a aisA ullekha hai / yaha vivaraNa 1739 kA hai| isa para se hama anumAna (caDDhAvalli), stambhanapura, karyavAsa, bharukaccha (saurASTra), kuMkana, kalikuNDa, kara sakate haiM ki ina racanAoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana kI dRSTi se mAnakher3a (dakSiNa bhArata) dhArA, ujjainI (mAlavA) Adi tIrthoM kA kitanA mahattva hai| sampUrNa caityaparipATiyoM athavA tIrthamAlAoM kA Jain Education Interational
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________________ jainadharma meM tIrtha kI avadhAraNA 705 ullekha apane Apa meM eka svatantra zodha kA viSaya hai / ata: hama una bhagavatIArAdhanA evaM mUlAcAra haiM / kintu inameM tIrtha zabda kA tAtparya sabakI carcA na karake mAtra unakI eka saMkSipta sUcI prastuta kara rahe haiM- dharmatIrtha yA caturvidhasaMgha rUpI tIrtha se hI hai / digambara paramparA meM racanA racanAkAra racanAtithi tIrthakSetroM kA varNana karane vAle granthoM meM tiloyapaNNattI ko prAcInatama sakalatIrthastotra siddhasenasUri vi0saM01123 mAnA jA sakatA hai / tiloyapaNNattI meM mukhya rUpa se tIrthaGkaroM kI aSTottarItIrthamAlA mahendrasUri vi0saM0 1241 kalyANaka-bhUmiyoM ke ullekha milate haiM / kintu isake atirikta usameM kalpapradIpa aparanAma kSetramaMgala kI carcA karate hue pAvA, UrjayaMta aura campA ke nAmoM kA vividhatIrthakalpa jinaprabhasUri vi0saM01389 ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 25 isI prakAra tiloyapaNNattI meM rAjagRha kA tIrthayAtrAstavana vinayaprabha upAdhyAya paMcazailanagara ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai aura usameM pAMcoM zailoM kA vi0saM014vIM zatI yathArtha aura vistRta vivecana bhI hai / samantabhadra ne svayambhUstotra meM aSTottarItIrthamAlA muniprabhasUri vi0saM0 15vIM zatI UrjayaMta kA vizeSa vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai / digambara paramparA meM isake tIrthamAlA meghakRta vi0saM0 16vIM zatI pazcAt tIrthoM kA vivecana karane vAle granthoM ke rUpa meM dazabhaktipATha pUrvadezIyacaityaparipATI haMsasoma vi0saM0 1565 prasiddha haiN| inameM saMskRtanirvANabhakti aura prAkRtanirvANakANDa mahattvapUrNa sammetazikha tIrthamAlA vijayasAgara vi0saM0 1717 haiN| sAmAnyatayA saMskRtanirvANabhakti ke kartA "pUjyapAda" aura prAkRtabhaktiyoM zrI pArzvanAtha nAmamAlA meghavijaya upAdhyAya ni0sa0 ke kartA "kuMdakuMda" ko mAnA jAtA hai / paMDita nAthUrAma jI premI ne ina 1721 nirvANabhaktiyoM ke sambandha meM itanA hI kahA hai ki, jaba taka ina donoM tIrthamAlA zIlavijaya vi0saM0 1748 racanAoM ke racayitA kA nAma mAlUma na ho taba taka itanA hI kahA jA tIrthamAlA saubhAgya vijaya vi0saM0 1750 sakatA hai ki ye nizcaya hI AzAdhara se pahale kI (aba se lagabhaga 700 zatruJjayatIrthaparipATI devacandra vi0saM0 1769 varSa pahale, kI haiM / prAkRta bhakti meM narmadA nadI ke taTa para sthita sUratacaityaparipATI ghAlAsAha vi0saM0 1793 siddhavarakUTa, bar3avAnI nagara ke dakSiNa bhAga meM cUlagiri tathA pAvAgiri tIrthamAlA jJAnavimalasUri vi0saM0 1795 Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai kintu ye sabhI tIrthakSetra purAtAttvika dRSTi sammetazikharatIrthamAlA jayavijaya se navIM-dasavIM se pUrva ke siddha nahIM hote haiM / isalie ina bhaktiyoM kA giranAra tIrtha ratnasiMhasUriziSya racanAkAla aura inheM jina AcAryoM se sambandhita kiyA jAtA hai vaha caityaparipATI munimahimA saMdigdha bana jAtA hai / nirvANakANDa meM aSTApada, campA, UrjayaMta, pAvA, pArzvanAtha caityaparipATI kalyANasAgara sammedagiri, gajapaMtha, tArApura, pAvagiri, zatruJjaya, tuMgIgiri, savanagiri, zAzvatatIrthamAlA vAcanAcArya merukIrti siddhavarakUTa, cUlagiri, bar3avAnI, droNagiri, meDhagiri, kuMthugiri, koTazilA, jaisalameracaityaparipATI jinasukhasUri risiMdagiri, nAgadraha , maMgalapura, AzAramya, podanapura, hastinApura, - zatruJjayacaityaparipATI .... vArANasI, mathurA, ahichatrA, jambUvana, argaladeza, NivaDakuMDalI, sirapura, - zatruJjayatIrthayAtrArAsa vinIta kuzala holagiri, gommaTadeva Adi tIrthoM ke ullekha haiM / isa nirvANabhakti meM Aye hue cUlagiri, pAvagiri, gommaTadeva, sirapura Adi ke ullekha aise AdinAtha rAsa kavilAvaNyasamaya haiM, jo isa kRti ko paryApta paravartI siddha kara dete haiM / gommaTadeva (zravaNabelagolA) kI bAhubalI kI mUrti kA nirmANa I0 san 983 meM pArzvanAthasaMkhyAstavana ratnakuzala -- huA / ata: yaha kRti usake pUrva ko nahIM mAnI jA sakatI aura isake kartA bhI kuMdakuMda nahIM mAne jA skte| kAvItIrthavarNana kavi dIpavijaya vi0saM0 1886 pA~cavIM se dazavIM zatAbdI ke bIca hae anya digambara AcAryoM tIrtharAja caityaparipATIstavana sAdhucandrasUri ... kI kRtiyoM meM kuMdakuMda ke pazcAt pUjyapAda kA krama AtA hai / pUjyapAda pUrvadezacaityaparipATI jinavardhanasUri --- ne nirvANabhakti meM nimna sthaloM kA ullekha kiyA hai - maMDapAMcalacaityaparipATI khemarAja kuNDapura, jRmbhikAgrAma, vaibhAraparvata, pAvAnagara, kailAzaparvata, yaha sUcI 'prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha' sampAdaka-vijayadharmasUrijI ke AdhAra UrjayaMta, pAvApura, sammedaparvata, zatruJjayaparvata, droNImata, sahyAcala para dI gaI hai| aadi| raviSeNa ne 'padmacarita' meM nimna tIrthasthaloM kI carcA kI hai digambara paramparA kA tIrthaviSayaka sAhitya kailAza-parvata, sammedaparvata, vaMzagiri, megharava, ayodhyA, kAmpilya, digambara paramparA meM prAcInatama grantha kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama, ratnapura, zrAvastI, campA, kAkandI, kauzAmbI, candrapurI, bhadrikA, mithilA,
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________________ 706 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 " vArANasI, siMhapura, hastinApura, rAjagRha, nirvANagiri aadi| se prakAzita / digambara paramparA ke tIrtha sambandhI zeSa pramukha tIrthavandanAoM kI 3. bhArata ke prAcIna jainatIrtha - DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jaina, jaina saMskRti sUcI isa prakAra hai - saMsodhana maNDala, vArANasI-5 / racanA racanAkara samaya 4. bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, 1,2,3,4,5, (sacitra) zAsanacatustriMzikA madanakIrti 12vIM-13vIM zatI -zrI balabhadra jaina nirvANakANDa prakA0 bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina tIrtha kSetra kameTI, bambaI / tIrthavandanA 5. tIrthadarzana, bhAga 1 evaM 2 jIrAvalA pArzvanAthastavana udayakIrti prakAzaka-zrI mahAvIra jaina kalyANa saMgha, madrAsa 600007 pArzvanAthastotra padmanaMdi 14 vIM zatI isake atirikta pRthak-pRthak tIrthoM para bhI kaI mahattvapUrNa grantha bhI mANikyasvAmIvinati zrutasAgara 15 vIM zatI upalabdha haiN| mAMgItuMgIgIta abhayacanda tIrthavandanA guNakIrti saMdarbha tIrthavandanA megharAja 1. (a) abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, caturtha bhAga, pR0 2242 jambUdvIpajayamAlA tIrthajayamAlA (ba) sthAnAMga ttiikaa| sumatisAgara 16 vIM zatI 2. jambUdvIpaprajJapti, 3/57,59,62 (sampA0 madhukara muni) jambUsvAmicarita rAjamalla 3. suyadhammatitthamaggo pAvayaNaM pavayaNaM ca egaTThA / sarvatIrtha vandanA jJAnasAgara 16vIM-17vIM zatI sutta taMtaM gaMtho pADho satthaM pavayaNaM ca egaTThA / / zrIpurapArzvanAthavinatI lakSmaNa 17vIM zatI -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 1378 puSpAMjalijayamAlA somasena 4. ke te harae ? ke ya te santititthe ? tIrthajayamAlA jayasAgara kahiMsi NahAo va rayaM jahAsi ? tIrthavandanA cimaNA paMDita dhamme haraye baMbhe santititthe jinasena aNAvile attapasannalese / sarvatrailokyajinAlaya jayamAlA vizvabhUSaNa 17vIM zatI jahiMsi pahAo vimalo visuddho susIibhUo pajahAmi dosaM // balibhadra aSTaka merucandra -uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 12/45-46 balibhadra aSTaka gaMgAdAsa 5. dehAitArayaM jaM bajjhamalAvaNayaNAimettaM ca / muktAgiri jayamAlA dhanajI NegaMtANaccaMtiphalaM ca to davvatitthaM taM / / rAmaTeka chaMda makaraMda 17vIM-18vIM zatI iha tAraNAiphalayaMti NhANa-pANA-'vagAhaNaIhiM / padmAvatI stotra topakari 18vIM zatI bhavatArayaMti keI taM no jIvovaghAyAo / / SaTatIrtha vandanA devendrakIrti - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 1028-1029 jinasAgara dehovagAri vA teNa titthamiha dAhanAsaNAIhiM / muktAgiri AratI rAghava 18vIM-19vIM zatI . maha-majja-maMsa-vessAdao vi to titthamAvannaM / / akRtrima caityAlayajayamAlA paM0 dilasukha 19vIM zatI - vahI, 1031 pArzvanAtha jayamAlA brahma harSa 7. satyaM tIrthaM kSamA tIrthaM tIrthamindriyanigrahaH / tIrthavandanA kavIndrasevaka " sarvabhUtadayAtIrthaM sarvatrArjavameva ca // noTa : ukta tAlikA DaoN0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara dvArA saMpAdita dAnaM tIrthaM damastIrthaM saMtoSastIrthamucyate / tIrthavandanasaMgraha ke AdhAra para prastuta kI gayI hai / brahmacarya paraM tIrthaM tIrthaM ca priyavAditA / / tIrthanAmapi tattIrthaM vizuddhimanasa: parA / Adhunika kAla ke jaina tIrtha-viSayaka granthaH - zabdakalpadruma - 'tIrtha', pR0 626 1- jaina tIrthono itihAsa (gujarAtI), muni zrI nyAyavijaya jI 8. bhAve titthaM saMgho suyavihiyaM tArao tahiM sAhU / - zrI cAritra smAraka granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda 1949 I0 nANAitiyaM taraNaM tariyavyaM bhavasamuddo yaM // 2- jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha, bhAga-1, (khaNDa 1-2), bhAga-2 paM0 ambAlAla - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 1032 pI0 zAha, Ananda jI kalyANa jI kI per3hI, jhaverIvAr3a, ahamadAbAda 9. jaM nANa-dasaNa-caritabhAvao tavvivakkhabhAvAo /
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________________ jainadharma meM tIrtha kI avadhAraNA 707 bhava bhAvao ya tArei teNaM taM bhAvao titthaM / / (ba) Avazyakaniyukti, 382-84 taha koha-loha-kammamayadAha-taNhA-malAvaNayaNAI / 23. jambUdvIpaprajJapti, 21111 (lADanUM) egateNacvaMtaM ca kuNai ya suddhiM bhavoghAo / 24. (a) jambUdvIpaprajJapti (jambuddIvapaNNatti), 2/114-22 dAhovasamAisu vA jaM tisu thiyamahava daMsagAIsu / (ba) Avazyakaniyukti, 45 to titthaM saMgho cciya ubhayaM va visesaNavisessaM / / (sa) samavAyAMga, 35/3 kohaggidAhasamaNAdao va te ceva jassa tiNNatthA / 25. aTThAvaya ujjite gayaggapae dhammacakke ya / hoI tiyatthaM titthaM tamatthavaddo phalattho'yaM / / pAsarahAvatanagaM camaruppAyaM ca vaMdAmi ___ - vahI, 1033-1036 - AcArAMganiyukti, patra 18 10. nAmaM ThavaNA-titthaM, davvatitthaM ceva bhAvatitthaM ca / 26. nizIthacUrNi, bhAga 3, pR0 24 - abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, caturtha bhAga, pR0 2242 27. uttarAvahe dhammacakkaM, mahara e devaNimmiya thUbho kosalAe va 11. "paratitthiyA'- sUtrakRtAMga, 1 / 6 / 1 / jiyaMtapaDimA, titthakarANa vA jnmbhuumiio| 12. evaM vutte, annataro rAjAmacco rAjAnaM mAgadhaM ajAtasattuM vedehiputtaM -nizIthacUrNi, bhAga 3, pR0 79 etadavoca-'ayaM. deva, paraNo kassapo saGkI ceva gaNI ca gaNAcariyo 28. vahI. bhAga 3 pa024 ca, nAto, yasassI, titthakaro, sAdhusammato bahujanassa, 29. nissakaDamanissakaDe ceie savvahiM thaI tinni / velaMba ceiANi rattannU, cirapabbajito, addhagato vayoanuppatto / va nAuM rakkikkika Avavi,' 'aTThamIcaudasI suMceiya savavANi ___ - dIghanikAya (sAmaJaphalasuttaM), 2 / 2 sAhuNo savve vandeyavyA niyamA avasesa-tihIsu jahasatti / / ' 13. sarvApadAmantakaraM nirantaM sarvodayaM tIrthamidaM tavaiva / / eesu aTThamImAdIsu ceiyAiM sAhuNo vA je aNaNAe vasahIe - yuktyanuzAsana, 61 ThiAte na vaMdati mAsa lahu / / 14. ahava suhottArUttAraNAi davve cauvvihaM titthaM / -vyavahAracUrNi-uddhRta jainatIrthono itihAsa, bhUmikA, pR0 10 evaM ciya bhAvammivi tatthAimayaM sarakkhANaM // 30. jahannayA goyamA te sAhuNo taM AyariyaM bhaNaMti jahA-NaM jai bhayavaM -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 1040-41 tume ANAvehi tANaM amhehiM titthayattaM kari (2) yA caMdappahasAmiyaM (bhASyakAra ne isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM cAra prakAra ke tIrthoM kA vaMdi (3) yA dhammacakkaM gaMtUNamAgacchAmo / ullekha kiyA hai / ) -mahAnizItha, uddhRta, vahI, pR0 10 15. titthaM bhaMte titthaM titthagare titthaM ? goyamA ! arahA tAva NiyamA 31. zrI paMcAzaka prakaraNam- haribhadrasUri, jinayAtrA paMcAzaka pR0 titthagare, titthaM puNa cAuvvaNAiNe samaNasaMghe / taM jahA-samaNA, 248-63 abhayadevasUri kI TIkA sahita-prakAzaka-RSabhadeva samaNIo, sAvayA, sAviyAo ya / kezarImala zve, saMsthA, ratalAma) __-bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 20, udde0 8, 32. paiNNayasuttAI-sArAvalI paiNNaya, pR0 350-60 bambaI 16. 'vayasaMmattavisuddhe paMcediyasaMjade nniraavekkho| 400036 pahAe u muNI titthedikkhAsikkhA suNhANeNa // ' 33. ahAva - tassa bhAvaM NAUNa bhaNejjA-'so vatthavvo egagAmaNivAsI - bodhapAhuDa, mU0 26-27 kuvamaMDUkko iva Na gAmaNagarAdI pecchati / amhe puNa aNiyatavAsI, 17. vahI, TIkA 2691121 tuma pi amhehiM samANaM hiMDato NANAvidha-gAma-NagarAgara 18. sudhammo ettha puNa titthaM / mUlAcAra, 557 sannivesarAyahANiM jANavade ya pecchaMto abhidhANakusalo bhavissasi, 19. 'tajjagatprasiddha nizcayatIrthaprAptikAraNaM tahA sara vAbi-vappiNi-Nadi-kUva-taDAga-kANaNujjANa kaMdaramuktamunipAdaspRSTaM tIrthaurjayantazatruJjayalATadezapAvAgiri-1 - vahI, dari-kuhara-pavvate ya NANAviha-rukkhasobhie pecchaMto cakkhusuhaM 20. duvihaM ca hoi titthaM NAdavvaM davvabhAvasaMjuttaM / pAvihisi, titthakarANa ya tilogapUiyANa jammaNa-NikkhaNaedesiM doNhaM pi ya patteya parUvaNA hodi / / vihAra-kevaluppAda-nivvANabhUmIo ya pecchaMto daMsaNasuddhiM kAhisi -mUlAcAra, 560 'tahA aNNoNNa sAhusamAgameNa ya sAmAyArikusalo bhavissasi, 21. se bhikkhu vA bhikkhu vA ..... thUbha mahesu vA, cetiya mahesu vA savvApuvve ya caie vaMdato bohilAbhaM nijjittehisi, aNNoNNa taDAga mahesu vA, daha mahesu vA NaI mahesu vA saramahesu vA .... suya-dANAbhigamasaDDesu saMjamAviruddha vividha- vaMjaNovaveyamaNyaM No pddigaahejjaa| ghaya-gula-dadhi-kSIramAdiyaM ca vigativaribhogaM pAvihisi // 2716 / - AcArAMga, 2 / 1 / 2 / 24 (lADanUM) -nizIthacUrNi, bhAga 3, pR0 24, prakAzaka-sanmatijJAnapITha, 22. (a) samavAyAMga prakIrNaka samavAya, 225/1 AgarA
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________________ 34. sammeyasela-settuJja-ujjite abbuyaMmi cittauDe / jAlaure raNathaMbhe gopAlagirimi vaMdAmi / / 19 / / siripAsanAhasahiyaM rammaM sirinimmayaM mahAthUbhaM / kAlikAle vi suyitthaM mahurAnayarIu (e) vaMdAmi // 20 // rAyagiha-campa-pAvA-aujjha-kaMpillaTThaNapuresu / bhaddilapuri-sorIyapuri-aGgaiyA-kannaujjesu // 21 // sAvatthi-duggAmAisu vANArasIpamuhapuvvadesaMmi / kammaga-sirohamAisu bhayANadesaMmi vaMdAmi / / 22 / / rAjaura-kuNDaNIsu ya vaMde gajjaura paMca ya sayAI / talavADa devarAu ruuttadesaMmi vaMdAmi // 23 // khaMDila-DiMDUANaya narANa-harasaura khaTTaUdese / nAgauramuvvidaMtisu saMbharidesaMmi vedemi // 24 // pallI saMDeraya-nANaesu koriTa-bhinnamAllelesu / vaMde gujjaradese AhADAIsu mevADe / / 25 / / uvaesa-kirADamae vi jayapurAIsu marumi vaMdAmi / saccaura-guDarAyasu pacchimadesaMmi vaMdAmi // 26 // thArAuddaya-vAyaDa-jAlIhara-nagara-kheDa-moDhere / aNahillavADanayare vaDDAvallIyaM baMbhANe // 27 // nihayakalikAlamahiyaM sAyasataM sayalavAithaMbhaNae / thaMbhaNapure kayavAsaM pAsaM vaMdAmi bhattIe // 28 // kacche bharuyacchaMmi ya soraTTha-marahaTTha-kuMkaNa-thalIsu / kalikuNDa-mANakheDe dakSi (kkhi) NadesaMmi vaMdAmi / / 29 / / dhArA-ujjeNIsu ya mAlavadesaMmi vaMdAmi / vaMdAmi maNuyavihie jiNabhavaNe savvadesesu // 30 // bharahayi (mmi) maNuyavihiyA mahiyA mohArimahiyamAhappA / sirisiddhaseNasUrIhiM saMthuyA sivasuhaM deMtu // 31 // Discriptive Catalogue of Mss in the Jaina Bhandars at Pattan-G.O.S. 73, Baroda, 1937, p. 56 35. tiloyapaNNatti, 1/21-24 azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA mAgadhI yA zaurasenI prAkRta-vidyA, aMka janavarI-mArca 1997 (pR. 97) meM karatI jA rahI thii| azoka ke abhilekha mUlata: magadha sAmrAjya kI kendrIya bholAzaMkara vyAsa ke vyAkhyAna ke samAcAroM ke sandarbha meM sampAdaka DA0 bhASA meM likhe gaye the| phira bhI yaha samajhA gayA ki dUrastha pradezoM kI sudIpa jaina ne unheM uddhRta karate hue likhA hai ki zaurasenI prAkRta ke janatA ke lie yaha prazAsana aura pracAra kI bhASA thor3I aparicita thii| prAcInatama rUpa samrATa azoka ke giranAra zilAlekha meM milate haiN| kintu isalie azoka ne isa bAta kI vyavasthA kI thI ki abhilekhoM ke pAThoM pro. vyAsajI kA yaha kathana bhrAmaka hai aura isakA koI bhI Thosa kA vibhinna prAntoM meM AvazyakatAnusAra thor3A bahuta lipyantara aura bhASAzAstrIya AdhAra nahIM hai| bhASAntara kara diyA jaay| yahI kAraNa hai ki abhilekhoM ke vibhinna azoka ke abhilekhoM kI bhASA aura vyAkaraNa ke sandarbha meM saMskaraNoM meM pATha-bheda pAyA jAtA hai| pATha-bheda isa tathya kA sUcaka hai adhikRta vidvAn evaM adhyetA DA0 rAjabalI pANDeya ne apane grantha ki bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM vibhinna boliyAM thIM, jinakI apanI 'azoka ke abhilekha' meM gahana samIkSA kI hai| unhoMne azoka ke vizeSatAeM thiiN| azoka ke abhilekhoM meM vibhinna boliyoM ke zabda-rUpa abhilekhoM kI bhASA ko cAra vibhAgoM meM bA~TA hai-1 pazcimottarI (paizAca- dekhane se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki madhyabhAratIya bhASA hI isa samaya kI gAndhAra),2 madhyabhAratIya,3 pazcimI mahArASTra,4 dakSiNAvarta (aandhrkrnaattk)| sArvadezika bhASA thI, mUlataH isI meM azoka ke abhilekha prastuta hue azoka kI bhASA ke sandarbha meM vaha likhate haiM- mahAbhArata ke bAda kA the| ise mAgadha athavA mAgadhI bhASA bhI kaha sakate haiN| parantu yaha nATakoM bhAratIya itihAsa magadha sAmrAjya kA itihAsa hai| isalie zatAbdiyoM se evaM vyAkaraNa kI mAgadhI se bhinna hai| jahA~ mAgadhI prAkRta meM kevala tAlavya uttarabhArata meM eka sArvadezika bhASA kA vikAsa ho rahA thaa| yaha bhASA 'za' kA prayoga hotA hai vahAM azoka ke abhilekhoM meM kevala dantya 'sa' vaidika bhASA se udbhUta laukika saMskRta se milatI-julatI thI aura usake kA prayoga hotA hai| (dekheM- azoka ke abhilekha-DA~0 rAjabalI pANDeya, samAnAntara pracalita ho rahI thii| azoka ne apane prazAsana aura dharma prasAra pR0 22-23) ke lie isI bhASA ko apanAyA, kintu isameM sandeha nahIM ki isa bhASA isase do tathya phalita hote haiM, prathama to yaha ki azoka ke kA kendra magadha thA, jo madhya-deza (thAnesara aura kajaMgala kI pahAr3iyoM abhilekhoM kI bhASA nATakoM aura vyAkaraNa kI mAgadhI prAkRta se bhinna ke bIca kA deza) ke pUrva bhAga meM sthita thaa| isalie mAgadhI bhASA kI hai aura usameM anya boliyoM ke zabda rUpa nihita haiN| isalie hama ise isameM pradhAnatA thI, parantu sArvajanika bhASA hone ke kAraNa dUsare pradezoM ardhamAgadhI bhI kaha sakate hai| yadyapi zvetAmbara AgamoM meM upalabdha kI dhvaniyoM aura kahIM-kahIM zabdoM aura muhAvaroM ko bhI yaha AtmasAta ardhamAgadhI kI apekSA yaha kiMcit bhinna hai phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki