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________________ jaina dharma meM mukti kI avadhAraNA eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana : jaina darzana ke anusAra saMvara ke dvArA karmoM ke Agamana kA nirodha ho jAne para aura nirjarA ke dvArA samasta purAtana karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne para AtmA kI jo niSkarma zuddhAvasthA hotI hai, use 'mokSa' kahA jAtA hai| karma maloM ke abhAva meM karma-janita AvaraNa yA bandhana bhI nahIM rahate aura yaha bandhana kA abhAva hI mukti hai| mokSa AtmA kI zuddha svarUpAvasthA hai| anAtmA arthAt para meM mamatva yA Asakti rUpa AtmAbhimAna kA dUra ho jAnA hI mukti hai / yahI AtmA kI zuddhAvasthA hai bandhana aura mukti kI yaha samagra vyAkhyA paryAyadRSTi kA viSaya hai| AtmA kI virUpa paryAya hI bandhana hai aura svarUpa paryAya mokSa hai para padArtha, pugala paramANu yA jar3a karma vargaNAoM ke nimitta se AtmA meM jo paryAye utpanna hotI hai aura jinake kAraNa para maiM ( merA pana) utpanna hotA hai yahI virUpa paryAya hai, parapariNati hai, sva kI para meM avasthiti hai, yahI bandhana hai aura isakA abhAva hI mukti hai| bandhana aura mukti donoM eka hI Atma-dravya yA cetanA kI do avasthAe~ mAtra haiM, jisa prakAra svarNa kuNDala aura svarNa mukuTa svarNa kI do avasthAe~ haiN| lekina yadi mAtra vizuddha tattvadRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAe to bandhana aura mukti donoM kI vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki Atmatattva sva svarUpa kA parityAga kara parasvarUpa meM kabhI bhI pariNita nahIM hotaa| vizuddha tattvadRSTi se to AtmA nitya mukta hai| lekina jaba tatva kI paryAyoM ke sambandha meM vicAra prArambha kiyA jAtA hai, to bandhana aura mukti kI sambhAvanAe~ spaSTa ho jAtI haiM, kyoMki bandhana aura mukti paryAya avasthA meM hI sambhava hotI haiN| mokSa ko tattva mAnA gayA hai lekina vastutaH mokSa bandhana ke abhAva kA hI nAma hai| jainAgamoM meM mokSa tattva para tIna dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai - 1. bhAvAtmaka dRSTikoNa 2. abhAvAtmaka dRSTikoNa 3. anirvacanIya dRSTikoNa | mokSa para bhAvAtmaka dRSTikoNa se vicAra jaina dArzanikoM ne mokSAvasthA para bhAvAtmaka dRSTikoNa se vicAra karate hue use nirbAdha avasthA kahA hai| mokSa meM samasta bAdhAoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa AtmA ke nija guNa pUrNa rUpa se prakaTa ho jAte haiN| mokSa bAdhaka tattvoM kI anupasthiti aura pUrNatA kA pragaTana hai| AcArya kundakunda ne mokSa kI bhAvAtmaka dazA kA citraNa karate hue use zuddha, ananta catuSTaya yukta, akSaya, avinAzI, nirbAdha atIndriya anupama, nitya, avicala evaM anAlamba kahA hai| AcArya usI grantha meM Age calakara mokSa meM nimna bAtoM kI vidyamAnatA kI sUcanA karate haiM- (1) pUrNajJAna (2) pUrNadarzana (3) pUrNasaukhya (4) pUrNavIrya (zakti) (5) pUrNadarzana (6) astitva (7) sapradezatA AcArya kundakunda ne / mokSa-dazA ke jina sAta bhAvAtmaka tathyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai ve sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ko svIkAra nahIM haiN| vedAnta sapradezatA ko asvIkAra kara detA hai sAMkhya saukhya evaM vIrya ko tathA nyAya-vaizeSika jJAna aura darzana ko bhI asvIkAra kara dete haiN| bauddha-zUnyavAda astitva kA bhI nirAsa kara detA hai aura cArvAka darzana mokSa kI avadhAraNA ko hI samApta kara detA hai| vastutaH mokSAvasthA ko anirvacanIya mAnate hue bhI vibhinna dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke prati uttara ke lie hI mokSa kI isa bhAvAtmaka avasthA kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| bhAvAtmaka dRSTi se jaina vicAraNA mokSAvasthA meM ananta catuSTaya kI upasthiti para bala detI hai ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta saukhya aura ananta zakti ko jaina vicAraNA meM ananta catuSTaya kahA jAtA hai| bIja rUpa meM vaha ananta catuSTaya sabhI jIvAtmAoM meM upasthita hai, mokSa- dazA meM inake avarodhaka karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne se ye pUrNa rUpa meM pragaTa ho jAte haiN| yaha pratyeka AtmA kA svabhAvika guNa hai jo mokSAvasthA meM pUrNa rUpa se abhivyakta ho jAtA hai| ananta catuSTaya meM anantajJAna, anantadarzana, ananta zakti aura ananta saukhya (avyabAghasukha) Ate hai| lekina aSTakarmoM ke prahANa ke AdhAra para siddhoM ke ATha guNoM kI mAnyatA bhI jaina vicAraNA meM pracalita hai / 1. jJAnavaraNIya karma ke naSTa ho jAne se muktAtmA ananta jJAna yA pUrNa jJAna se yukta hotA hai| 2. darzanAvaraNIya karma ke naSTa ho jAne se ananta darzana se sampanna hotA hai| 3. vedanIya karma ke kSaya ho jAne se vizuddha, anazvara, AdhyAtmika sukhoM se yukta hotA hai / 4. mohanIya karma naSTa ho jAne se yathArtha dRSTi ( kSAyika samyaktva) se yukta hotA hai| mohakarma ke darzana moha aura cAritramoha aise, do bhAga kie jAte haiN| darzanamoha ke prahANa se yathArtha dRSTi aura cAritramoha ke prANa se yathArtha cAritra ( kSAyika cAritra) kA pragaTana hotA hai, lekina mokSa-dazA meM kriyA rUpa cAritra nahIM hotA, mAtra dRSTi rUpa cAritra hotA hai ataH use kSAyika samyaktva ke antargata hI mAnA jA sakatA hai, vaise ATha karmoM kI prakRtiyoM ke prahANa ke AdhAra para siddhoM ke 31 guNa mAne gaye haiM, usameM yathAkhyA cAritra kA svataMtra guNa mAnA gayA hai| 5 Ayukarma ke kSaya ho jAne se muktAtmA azarIrI ho jAtA hai ataH vaha indriyagrAhya nahIM hotaa| 7 gotrakarma ke naSTa ho jAne se vaha agurulaghutva se mukta ho jAtA hai arthAt sabhI siddha samAna hote haiM unameM choTA-bar3A yA U~ca-nIca kA bhAva nahIM hotaa| 8 antarAyakarma kA prANa ho jAne se bAdhA rahita hotA hai, arthAt ananta zakti sampanna hotA hai|" ananta zakti kA yaha vicAra mUlataH niSedhAtmaka hI hai, yaha mAtra bAdhAoM kA abhAva hai| lekina isa prakAra aSTa karmoM ke prahANa ke AdhAra para muktAtmA ke ATha guNa kI vyAkhyA karanA mAtra eka vyAvahArika saMkalpanA hI hai, usake vAstavika svarUpa kA nirvAcana nahIM hai| vyAvahArika dRSTi se use samajhane kA prayAsa mAtra hai, jo usakA mAtra vyavahArika mUlya hai| vastutaH to vaha anirvacanIya hai| AcArya nemIcandra gommaTasAra meM .
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________________ 393 jaina dharma meM mukti kI avadhAraNA : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM, siddhoM ke ina guNoM kA vidhAna mAtra siddhAtmA nahIM samajhAyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki use koI upamA nahIM dI jA ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM jo aikAntika mAnyatAe~ haiM, unake niSedha sakatI, vaha anupama hai, arUpI sattAdhAna hai| usa apada kA koI pada ke lie hai| muktAtmA meM kevala jJAna aura darzana ke rUpa meM jJAnopayoga nahIM hai arthAt aisA koI zabda nahIM hai jisake dvArA usakA nirUpaNa aura darzanopayoga ko svIkAra karake muktAtmA ko jar3a mAnane vAlI kiyA jA ske| usake bAre meM kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai, vaibhASita bauddhoM aura nyAya-vaizeSika darzana kI dhAraNA kA pratiSedha kiyA vaha arUpa, arasa, avarNa, agaMdha aura asparza hai kyoMki vaha indriyagrAhya gayA hai| muktAtmA ke astitva yA akSayatA ko svIkAra kara mokSa ko nahIM hai| abhAvAtmaka rUpa meM mAnane vAle jar3avAdI tathA sautrAntika bauddhoM kI mAnyatA kA nirasana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mokSa-dazA gItA meM mokSa kA svarUpa kA samagra bhAvAtmaka citraNa apanA niSedhAtmaka mUlya hI rakhatA hai| gItA kI samagra sAdhanA kA lakSya paramatattva, brahma, akSara puruSa yaha vidhAna bhI niSedha ke lie hai| athavA puruSottama kI prApti kahA jA sakatA hai| gItAkAra prasaMgAntara se use hI mokSa, nirvANapada, avyaya pada, paramapada, paramagati aura abhAvAtmaka dRSTi se mokSa tattva para vicAra paramadhAma bhI kahatA hai| jaina evaM bauddha vicAraNA ke samAna gItAkAra jainAgamoM meM mokSAvasthA kA citraNa niSedhAtmaka rUpa se bhI huA kI dRSTi meM bhI saMsAra punarAgamana yA janma-maraNa kI prakriyA se yukta hai| prAcInatama jainAgama AcArAMga meM muktAtmA kA niSedhAtmaka citraNa hai jabaki mokSa punarAgamana yA janma-maraNa kA abhAva hai| gItA kA nimna prakAra se prastuta kiyA gayA hai- mokSAvasthA meM samasta karmoM sAdhaka isI preraNA ko lekara Age bar3hatA hai (jarAmaraNamokSAya kA kSaya ho jAne se muktAtmA meM samasta karma-janya upAdhiyoM kA bhI 7.29) aura kahatA hai, "jisako prApta kara lene para puna: saMsAra meM abhAva hotA hai, ata: muktAtmA na dIrgha hai, na hrasva hai, na vRttAkAra nahIM lauTanA hotA hai usa parama pada kI gaveSaNA karanI cAhie""| hai, na trikoNa hai, na catuSkoNa hai, na parimaNDala saMsthAna vAlA hai| gItA kA Izvara bhI sAdhaka ko Azvasta karate hue yahI kahatA hai ki vaha kRSNa, nIla, pIta, rakta aura zvetavarNa vAlA bhI nahIM hai, vaha sugandha "jise prApta kara lene para puna: saMsAra meM AnA nahIM hotA, vahI merA aura durgandhavAlA bhI nahIM hai| na vaha tIkSNa, kaTu, khaTTA, mIThA evaM paramadhAma (svasthAna) hai|" paramasiddhi ko prApta hue mahAtmAjana mere amla rasa vAlA hai| usameM guru, laghu, komala, kaThora, snigdha, rUkSa, ko prApta hokara du:khoM ke ghara isa asthira purnajanma ko prApta nahIM zIta evaM uSNa Adi sparza guNoM kA bhI abhAva hai| vaha na strI hai, hote haiN| brahmaloka paryanta samagra jagat punarAvRtti yukta hai| lekina jo na puruSa hai, na napuMsaka hai / isa prakAra muktAtmA meM rUpa, rasa, varNa, bhI mujhe prApta kara letA hai usakA purnajanma nahIM hotaa| 15 mokSa ke gandha aura sparza bhI nahIM hai| AcArya kundakunda niyamasAra meM mokSa-dazA anAvRtti rUpa lakSaNa ko batAne ke sAtha hI mokSa ke svarUpa kA nirvacana kA niSedhAtmaka citraNa prastuta karate hae likhate haiM mokSa-dazA meM na karate hue gItA kahatI hai- isa avyakta se bhI pare anya sanAtana sukha hai na duHkha hai, na pIr3A hai, na bAdhA hai, na janma hai, na maraNa avyakta tattva hai, jo sabhI prANiyoM meM rahate hue bhI unake naSTa hone hai| na vahA~ indriyA~ hai, na upasarga hai, na moha hai, na vyAmoha hai, na para naSTa nahIM hotA hai arthAt cetanA paryAyoM meM jo avyakta hai unase nidrA hai, na vahA~ cintA hai, na Arta-raudra vicAra hI hai, vahA~ to dharma bhI pare unakA AdhArabhUta Atmatattva hai| cetanA kI avasthAe~ nazvara (zubha) aura zukla (prazasta) vicAroM kA bhI abhAva hai| mokSAvasthA haiM, lekina unase pare rahane vAlA yaha Atmatattva sanAtana hai jo prANiyoM to sarva saMkalpoM kA abhAva hai, vaha buddhi aura vicAra kA viSaya nahIM meM cetanA (jJAna) paryAyoM ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hote hue bhI una prANiyoM hai vaha pakSAtikrAMta hai| isa prakAra muktAvasthA kA niSedhAtmaka vivecana tathA unakA cetanA paryAyoM (cetana avasthAoM) ke naSTa hone para bhI usakI anirvacanIyatA ko batAne ke lie hai| naSTa nahIM hotA hai| usI AtmA ko akSara aura avyakta kahA gayA hai aura use hI paramagati bhI kahate haiM, vahI paramadhAma bhI hai, vahI mokSa kA anirvacanIya svarUpa merA paramAtma svarUpa AtmA kA nija sthAna hai, jise prApta kara lene mokSatattva kA niSedhAtmaka nirvacana anivArya rUpa se hameM usakI para puna: nivartana nahIM hotaa| use akSara brahma, paramatattva, svabhAva anirvacanIyatA kI ora le jAtA hai| pAramArthika dRSTi se vicAra karate (AtmA kI svabhAva-dazA) aura AdhyAtma bhI kahA jAtA hai| gItA hue jaina dArzanikoM ne use anirvacanIya hI mAnA hai| kI dRSTi meM mokSa nirvANa hai paramazAnti kA adhiSThAna hai| jaina dArzanikoM AcArAMgasUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai- samasta svara vahA~ ke samAna gItA bhI yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki mokSa sukhAvasthA hai| se lauTa Ate haiM, arthAt muktAtmA dhvanyAtmaka kisI bhI zabda kI gItA ke anusAra muktAtmA brahmabhUta hokara ananta sukha (ananta saukhya) pravRtti kA viSaya nahIM hai, vANI usakA nirvacana karane meM kadApi samartha kA anubhava karatA hai|9| yadyapi gItA evaM jaina darzana meM muktAtmA meM nahIM hai| vahA~ vANI mUka ho jAtI hai, tarka kI vahA~ taka pahu~ca nahIM jisa sukha kI kalpanA kI gaI hai vaha na aindriya sukha hai na vaha mAtra hai, buddhi (mati) use grahaNa karane meM asamartha hai, arthAt vaha vANI, duHkhAbhAva rUpa sukha hai, varan vaha atIndriya jJAnagamya anazvara vicAra aura buddhi kA viSaya nahIM hai| kisI upamA ke dvArA bhI use sukha hai|
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________________ 394 bauddha darzana meM nirvANa kA svarUpa bhagavAn buddha kI dRSTi meM nirvANa kA svarUpa kyA hai? yaha prazna prArambha se vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai| svayaM bauddha darzana ke avAntara sampradAyoM meM bhI nirvANa ke svarUpa ko lekara Atyantika virodha pAyA jAtA hai| Adhunika vidvAnoM ne bhI isa sambandha meM paraspara virodhI niSkarSa nikAle haiM, jo eka tulanAtmaka adhyetA ko adhika kaThinAI meM DAla dete haiN| vastutaH isa kaThinAI kA mUla kAraNa pAli nikAya meM nirvANa kA vibhinna dRSTiyoM se alaga-alaga prakAra se vivecana kiyA jAnA hai AdaraNIya zrI puse evaM prophesara nalinAkSa datta ne bauddha nirvANa ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM ke dRSTikoNoM ko nimra rUpa se vargIkRta kiyA hai 1 (1) nirvANa eka abhAvAtmaka tathya hai| (2) nirvANa anivarcanIya avyakta avasthA hai| jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa 6 (3) nirvANa kI buddha ne koI vyAkhyA nahIM dI hai| (4) nirvANa bhAvAtmaka vizuddha pUrNa cetanA kI avasthA hai| bauddha darzana ke avAntara pramukha sampradAyoM kA nirvANa ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM nimna prakAra se dRSTi bheda hai-- , (1) vaibhASika sampradAya ke anusAra nirvANa saMskAroM yA saMskRta dharmoM kA abhAva hai, kyoMki saMskRta dharmatA hI anityatA hai, yahI bandhana hai, vahI duHkha hai, lekina nirvANa to duHkha nirodha hai, bandhanAbhAva hai isalie vaha eka asaMskRta dharma hai aura asaMskRta dharma ke rUpa meM usakI bhAvAtmaka sattA hai| vaibhASika mata ke nirvANa ke svarUpa ko abhidharmakoSa vyAkhyA meM nimna prakAra se batAyA gayA hai- "nirvANa nitya asaMskRta svatantra sattA, pRthak bhUta satya padArtha (dravyasata) hai"13 / nirvANa meM saMskAroM ke abhAva kA artha anasitva nahIM hai, varan eka bhAvAtmaka avasthA hI hai| nirvANa asaMskRta dharma hai| prophesara zaravAtskI 24 ne vaibhASika nirvANa ko ananta mRtyu kahA hai| unake anusAra nirvANa AdhyAtmika avasthA nahIM varan cetanA evaM kriyA zUnya jar3a avasthA hai| lekina samAdaraNIya esa0 ke0 mukarjI, prophesara nalinAkSa datta aura prophesara mUrti ne prophesara zaravAtsakI ke isa dRSTikoNa 25 kA virodha kiyA hai| ina vidvAnoM ke anusAra vaibhASika nirvANa nizcita rUpa se eka bhAvAtmaka avasthA hai| isameM yadyapi saMskAroM kA abhAva hotA hai phira bhI usakI asaMskRta dharma ke rUpa meM bhAvAtmaka sattA hotI hai| vaibhASika nirvANa meM cetanA kA astitva hotA hai yA nahIM? yaha prazna bhI vivAdAspada hai| prophesara zaravAtsakI nirvANa-dazA meM cetanA kA abhAva mAnate haiM lekina prophesara mukarjI 27 isa sambandha meM eka pariSkArita dRSTikoNa prastuta karate haiM, unake anusAra ( yazomitra kI abhidharmakoSa kI TIkA ke AdhAra para nirvANa kI dazA meM vizuddha mAnasa yA cetanA rahatI hai| (2) DaoN0 lADa ne apane zodha-prabandha meM evaM vidvatvarya baladeva upAdhyAya ne bauddha darzana mImAMsA meM vaibhASika bauddhoM ke eka tibbatIya upa sampradAya kA ullekha kiyA hai jisake anusAra nirvANa kI avasthA meM kevala vAsanAtmaka evaM klezotpAdaka (sAstrava) cetanA kA hI abhAva 2 hotA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki nirvANa kI dazA meM anAstrava vizuddha cetanA kA astitva banA rahatA hai 28 / vaibhASikoM ke isa upa sampradAya kA yaha dRSTikoNa jaina vicAraNa ke nirvANa ke ati samIpa A jAtA hai, kyoMki yaha jaina vicAraNA ke samAna nirvANAvasthA meM sattA (astitva) aura cetanA (jJAnopayoga evaM darzanopayoga) donoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| vaibhASika dRSTikoNa nirvANa ko saMskAroM kI dRSTi se abhAvAtmaka, dravya satyatA kI dRSTi se bhAvAtmaka evaM bauddhika vivecanA kI dRSTi se anirvacanIya mAnatA hai phira bhI usakI vyAkhyAoM meM nirvANa kA bhAvAtmaka yA sattAtmaka pakSa adhika ubharA hai| sautrAntika sampradAya, vaibhASika sampradAya ke samAna yaha mAnate hue bhI ki nirvANa saMskAroM kA abhAva hai, vaha svIkAra nahIM karatA hai ki asaMskRta dharma kI koI bhAvAtmaka sattA hotI hai| inake anusAra kevala parivartanazIlatA hI tattva kA yathArtha svarUpa hai| ataH sautrAntika nirvANa kI dazA meM kisI asaMskRta aparivartanazIla nitya tattva kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM krte| unakI mAnyatA meM aisA karanA buddha ke anityavAda aura kSaNikavAda kI avahelanA karanA hai| zaravAtskI ke anusAra sautrAntika sampradAya meM 'nirvANa kA artha hai jIvana kI prakriyA samApta ho jAnA, isake pazcAt aisA koI jIvanazUnya tattva zeSa nahIM rahatA hai, jisameM jIvana kI prakriyA samApta ho gaI hai| nirvANa kSaNika cetanA pravAha kA samApta ho jAnA hai, jisake samApta ho jAne para kucha bhI avazeSa nahIM rahatA, kyoMki inake anusAra parivartana hI satya hai| parivartanazIlatA ke atirikta tattva kI koI svataMtra sattA nahIM hai aura nirvANa- dazA meM parivartanoM kI zrRMkhalA samApta ho jAtI hai, ataH usake pare koI sattA zeSa nahIM rahatI hai| isa prakAra sautrAntika nirvANa mAtra abhAvAtmaka avasthA hai| vartamAna meM varmA aura laMkA ke bauddha nirvANa ko abhAvAtmaka evaM anastitva ke rUpa meM dekhate hai| nirvANa ke bhAvAtmaka, abhAvAtmaka aura anirvacanIya pakSoM kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sautrAntika vicAraNA nirvANa ke abhAvAtmaka pakSa para adhika bala detI hai| isa prakAra sautrAntika sampradAya kA nirvANa sambandhI abhAvAtmaka dRSTikoNa jaina vicAraNA ke virodha meM jAtA hai| lekina sautrAntikoM meM bhI eka aisA upasampradAyadazA thaa|' jisake anusAra nirvANa avasthA meM bhI vizuddha cetanA paryAyoM kA pravAha rahatA hai yaha dRSTikoNa jaina vicAraNA kI isa mAnyatA ke nikaTa AtA hai, jisake anusAra nirvANa kI avasthA meM bhI AtmA meM pariNAmIpana banA rahatA hai arthAt mokSa-dazA meM AtmA meM caitanya jJAna dhArA satat rUpa se pravAhita hotI rahatI hai| (3) vijJAnavAda (yogAcAra ) - mahAyAna ke pramukha grantha laMkAvatArasUtra ke anusAra nirvANa sapta pravRtti vijJAnoM kI apravRttAvasthA hai; cita pravRttiyoM kA nirodha hai|" sthiramati ke anusAra nirvANa klezAvaraNa aura zeyAvaraNa kA kSaya hai" asaMga ke anusAra nivRtta citta (nirvANa ) ucita hai, kyoMki vaha viSayoM kA grAhaka nahIM hai| vaha anupalambha hai, kyoMki usako koI bAhya Alambana nahIM hai aura isa prakAra Alambana rahita hone se lokottara jJAna hai daulya arthAt AvaraNa (klezAvaraNa aura jJeyAvaraNa) ke naSTa ho jAne se nivRtta citta (AlayavijJAna) parAvRta .
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________________ 395 jaina dharma meM mukti kI avadhAraNA : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana nahIM hotA, pravRtta nahIM hotaa|31 vaha anAvaraNa aura AstravadhAtu hai, ko uccheda yA zAzvata bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA anyathA zAstA ke lekina asaMga kevala isa niSedhAtmaka vivecana se santuSTa nahIM hote madhyama-mArga kA ullaMghana hogA aura hama ucchedavAda yA zAzvatavAda kI haiM, ve nirvANa kI anirvacanIya evaM bhAvAtmaka vyAkhyA bhI prastuta karate mithyA dRSTi se grasita hoNge| isalie mAdhyamika naya meM nirvANa bhAva haiN| nirvANa acintya hai, kyoMki tarka se use jAnA nahIM jA sakatA lekina aura abhAva donoM nahIM hai| vaha to sarva saMkalpanAoM kA kSaya hai, acintya hote hue bhI vaha kuzala hai, zAzvata hai, sukha rUpa hai, vimuktakAya prapaMcopazamatA hai| hai, aura dharmAkhya hai| 32 isa prakAra vijJAnavAdI mAnyatA meM nirvANa kI bauddha dArzanikoM evaM vartamAna yuga ke vidvAnoM meM bauddha darzana meM abhAvaparaka aura bhAvaparaka vyAkhyAoM ke sAtha-sAtha unakI anirvacanIyatA nirvANa ke svarUpa ko lekara jo matabheda dRSTigata hotA hai usakA mUla ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH nirvANa ke anirvacanIya svarUpa kAraNa buddha dvArA nirvANa kA vividha dRSTikoNoM ke AdhAra para vividha ke vikAsa kA zreya vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda ko hI hai| laMkAvatArasUtra ____ rUpa se kathana kiyA jAnA hai| pAlI-nikAya meM nirvANa ke ina vividha meM nirvANa ke anirvacanIya svarUpa kA sarvocca vikAsa dekhA jA sakatA svarUpoM kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| udAna nAmaka eka laghu grantha hai| laMkAvatArasUtra ke anusAra nirvANa vicAra kI koTiyoM se pare hai, meM hI nirvANa ke ina vividha rUpoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| phira bhI vijJAnavAdI nirvANa ko isa AdhAra para nitya mAnA jA sakatA hai ki nirvANa lAbha se jJAna utpanna hotA hai| nirvANa eka bhAvAtmaka tathya hai tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para vijJAnavAdI nirvANa kA isa sandarbha meM buddha vacana isa prakAra hai- "bhikSuoM! (nirvANa) jaina vicAraNA se nimna arthoM me sAmya hai-1. nirvANa cetanA kA abhAva ajAta, abhUta, akRta, asaMskRta hai| bhikSuoM! yadi vaha ajAta, abhUta, nahI hai, varan vizuddha cetanA kI avasthA hai| 2. nirvANa samasta saMkalpoM akRta, asaMskRta nahIM hotA to jAta, bhUta, kRta aura saMskRta kA kA kSaya hai, vaha cetanA kI nirvikalpAvasthA hai| 3 nirvANAvasthA meM vyupazama nahIM ho sktaa| bhikSuoM! kyoMki vaha ajAta, abhUta, akRta bhI caitanya dhArA satat pravAhamAna rahatI hai (aatmprinnmiipn)| yadyapi aura asaMskRta hai isalie jAta bhUta, kRta aura saMskRta kA vyupazama DaoN0candradhara zarmA ne Alaya vijJAna ko aparivartanIya yA kUTastha mAnA jAnA jAtA hai|38 dhammapada meM nirvANa ko parama sukha,39 acyuta sthAna hai|33 lekina AdaraNIya baladeva upAdhyAya use pravAhamAna yA aura amRta pada kahA gayA hai jise prApta kara lene para na cyuti kA parivartanazIla hI mAnate haiN|34 4. nirvANAvasthA sarvajJatA kI avasthA bhaya hotA hai, na zoka hotA hai| use zAnta saMsAropazama evaM sukha hai| jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra usa avasthA meM kevalajJAna aura kevala pada bhI kahA gayA hai| itivuttaka meM kahA gayA hai- vaha dhruva, na darzana hai| asaMga ne mahAyAna sUtrAlaMkAra meM dharmakAya ko jo ki nirvANa utpanna hone vAlA hai, zoka aura rAga rahita hai, sabhI du:khoM kA vahA~ kI paryAyavAcI hai, svAbhAvika kAya kahA hai|35 jaina vicAraNA meM bhI nirodha ho jAtA hai, vahA~ saMskAroM kI zAnti evaM sukha hai| AcArya mokSa ko svabhAva-dazA kahA jAtA hai| svAbhAvika kAya aura svabhAva-dazA buddhaghoSa nirvANa kI bhAvAtmakatA kA samarthana karate hue vizuddhimagga aneka arthoM meM artha sAmya rakhate haiN| meM likhate haiM--nirvANa nahIM hai, aisA nahIM kahanA caahie| prabhava aura (4) zUnyavAda-bauddha darzana ke mAdhyamika sampradAya meM nirvANa jarAmaraNa ke abhAva se nitya hai-azithila, parAkrama siddha, vizeSa ke anirvacanIya svarUpa kA sarvAdhika vikAsa huA hai| jaina tathA anya jJAna se prApta kie jAne se aura sarvajJa ke vacana tathA paramArtha se nirvANa dArzanikoM ne zUnyatA ko abhAvAtmaka rUpa meM dekhA hai, lekina yaha avidhamAna nahIM hai|43 usa sampradAya ke dRSTikoNa ko samajhane meM sabase bar3I bhrAnti hI kahI jA sakatI hai| mAdhyamika dRSTi se nirvANa anivarcanIya hai, catuSkoTi- nirvANa kI abhAvAtmakatA vinirmukta hai, vahI paramatattva hai| vaha na bhAva hai, na abhAva hai|36 yadi nirvANa kI abhAvAtmakatA ke sambandha meM udAna ke rUpa meM nimna vANI se usakA vivecana karanA hI Avazyaka ho to mAtra yaha kahA buddha vacana hai, "lohe para ghana kI coTa par3ane para jo cinagAriyA~ uThatI jA sakatA hai ki nirvANa aprahANa, asamprApta, anuccheda, azAzvata, haiM vo turanta hI bujha jAtI haiM, kahA~ gaI kucha patA nahIM cltaa| isI aniruddha evaM anutpanna hai|30 nirvANa ko bhAva rUpa isalie nahIM mAnA prakAra kAma bandhana se mukta ho nirvANa pAye hue puruSa kI gati kA jA sakatA hai ki bhAvAtmaka vastu yA to nitya hogI yA anity| koI bhI patA nahIM lagA sktaa"|44 nitya mAnane para nirvANa ke lie kiye gaye prayAsoM kA koI artha nahIM zarIra chor3a diyA, saMjJA niruddha ho gaI, sArI vedanAoM ko bhI hogaa| anitya mAnane para binA prayAsa hI mokSa hogaa| nirvANa ko abhAva bilakula jalA diyaa| saMskAra zAnta hogae; vijJAna asta ho gyaa|45 bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, anyathA tathAgata ke dvArA usakI prApti kA lekina dIpa zikhA aura agni ke bujha jAne athavA saMjJA ke upadeza kyoM diyA jaataa| nirvANa ko prahANa aura samprApta bhI nahI niruddha ho jAne kA artha abhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, AcArya buddhaghoSa kahA jA sakatA, anyathA nirvANa kRtaka evaM kAlika hogA aura yaha vizuddhimagga meM kahate haiM- nirodha kA vAstavika artha tRSNAkSaya athavA mAnanA par3egA ki vaha kAla vizeSa meM utpanna huA hai aura yadi vaha virAga hai|6| prophesara kItha evaM prophesara nalinAkSadatta aggi vacchagottamutta utpanna huA hai to vaha jarA-maraNa ke samAna anitya hI hogaa| nirvANa ke AdhAra para yaha siddha karate haiM ki bujha jAne kA artha abhAvAtmakatA
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________________ 396 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 nahIM hai, varan astitva kI rahasyamaya, avarNanIya avasthA hai| prophesara dRSTi kahA hai| kItha ke anusAra nirvANa abhAva nahIM varana cetanA kA apane mUla (4) mahAyAna kI dharmakAya kI dhAraNA aura usakI nirvANa se (vAstavika zuddha) svarUpa meM avasthita honA hai| prophesara nalinAkSadatta ekarUpatA tathA vijJAnavAda ke AlayavijJAna kI dhAraNA nirvANa kI ke zabdoM meM nirvANa kI agni zikhA ke bujha jAne se, kI jAne vAlI abhAvAtmaka vyAkhyA ke viparIta par3ate haiN| ata: nirvANa kA tAttvika tulanA samucita hai, kyoMki bhAratIya cintana meM Aga ke bujha jAne svarUpa abhAva siddha nahIM hotA hai| use abhAva yA nirodha kahane kA se tAtparya usake anistatva se na hokara usakA svAbhAvika zuddha adRzya, tAtparya yahI hai ki usameM vAsanA yA tRSNA kA abhAva hai| lekina avyakta meM calA jAnA hai, jisameM ki vaha apane dRzya prakaTana ke pUrva jisa prakAra roga kA abhAva, abhAva hote hue bhI sadbhUta hai, use rahI haI thii| bauddha dArzanika saMghabhadra kA bhI yahI nirUpaNa hai ki agni Arogya kahate haiM, usI prakAra tRSNA kA abhAva bhI sadbhuta hai use kI upamA se hamako yaha kahane kA adhikAra nahIM hai ki nirvANa abhAva sukha kahA jAtA hai| dUsare use abhAva isalie bhI kahA jAtA hai ki hai|47 milindaprazna ke anusAra bhI nirvANa asti dharma (asthidhamma) sAdhaka meM zAzvavatavAda kI mithyAdRSTi bhI utpanna nahIM ho| rAga kA ekAnta sukha evaM apratibhAga hai, usakA lakSaNa svarUpataH nahIM batAyA prahANa hone se nirvANa meM maiM (atta) aura merApana (attA) nahIM hotA, jA sakatA kintu guNata: dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para use abhAva kahA jAtA hai| nirvANa rAga jisa prakAra jala pyAsa ko zAnta karatA hai, isI prakAra nirvANa trividha tathA ahaM kA pUrNa vigalana hai| lekina ahaM yA mamatva kI samApti tRSNA ko zAnta karatA hai| nirvANa ko akRta kahane se bhI usakI ekAnta ko abhAva nahIM kahA jA sktaa| nirvANa kI abhAvAtmaka kalpanA abhAvAtmakatA siddha nahIM hotii| Arya (sAdhaka) nirvANa kA utpAda 'anatta' zabda kA galata artha samajhane se utpanna huI hai| bauddha darzana nahIM karatA phira bhI vaha usakA sAkSAtkAra (sAkSIkaroti) evaM pratilAbha meM anAtma (anatta) zabda Atma (tatva) kA abhAva nahIM batAtA varan (prApnoti) karatA hai| vastuta: nirvANa ko abhAvAtmaka rUpa meM isIlie yaha batAtA hai ki jagata meM apanA yA merA koI nahIM hai, anAtma kA kahA jAtA hai ki anirvacanIya kA nirvacana karanA bhAvAtmaka bhASA kI upadeza Asakti prahANa ke lie, tRSNA ke kSaya ke lie hai| nirvANa apekSA abhAvAtmaka bhASA adhika yuktipUrNa hotA hai| 'tattva' kA abhAva nahIM varan apanepana yA ahaM kA abhAva hai| vaha nirvANa kI anirvacanIyatA-nirvANa kI anirvacanIyatA ke vaiyaktikatA kA abhAva hai, vyaktitva kA nahIM, anatta (anAtma) vAda sambandha meM nimna buddha-vacana upalabdha haiM-"bhikSuoM! na to maiM use kI pUrNatA yaha batAne meM hai ki jagata meM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai jise agati aura na gati kahatA hU~, na sthiti aura na cyuti kahatA hU~, merA yA apanA kahA jA ske| sabhI anAtma hai| isa zikSA kA saccA use utpatti bhI nahIM kahatA huuN| vaha na to kahIM ThaharatA hai, na pravartita artha yahI hai ki merA kucha bhI nahIM hai| kyoMki jahA~ merApana (atta hotA hai aura na usakA koI AdhAra hai, yahI duHkhoM kA anta hai|48 bhAva) AtA hai vahA~ rAga evaM tRSNA kA udaya hotA hai| sva para meM bhikSuoM! ananta 9 kA samajhanA kaThina hai, nirvANa kA samajhanA AsAna avasthita hotA hai, AtmadRSTi (mamatva) utpanna hotI hai| lekina yahI nhiiN| jJAnI kI tRSNA naSTa ho jAtI hai use (rAgAdikleza) kucha nahIM AtmadRSTi sva kA para meM avasthita honA athavA rAga evaM tRSNA kI hai|50 jahA~ (nirvANa) jala, pRthvI, agni aura vAyu nahIM ThaharatI, vahA~ vRtti bandhana hai, jo tRSNA hai, vahI rAga hai; aura jo rAga hai vahI apanApana na to zukra aura na Aditya prakAza karate haiN| vahA~ candramA kI prabhA hai| nirvANa meM tRSNA kA kSaya hone se rAga nahIM hotA, rAga nahIM hone bhI nahIM hai, na vahA~ aMdhakAra hI hotA hai| jaba kSINAzrava bhikSa apane se apanApana (attA) bhI nahIM hotaa| bauddha nirvANa kI abhAvAtmakatA Apako jAna letA hai taba rUpa-arUpa tathA sukha-duHkha se chUTa jAtA kA sahI artha isa apanepana kA abhAva hai, tattva abhAva nahIM hai| vastutaH hai|51 udAna kA yaha vacana hameM gItA ke usa kathana kI yAda dilA tattva lakSaNa kI dRSTi se nirvANa eka bhAvAtmaka avasthA hai| mAtra detA hai, jahA~ zrIkRSNa kahate haiM jahA~ na pavana bahatA hai, na candra sUrya vAsanAtmaka paryAyoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa hI vaha abhAva kahA jAtA prakAzita hote haiM, jahA~ jAne se puna: isa saMsAra meM AyA nahIM jAtA hai| ata: prophesara kItha aura nalinAkSadatta kI yaha mAnyatA ki bauddha vahI merA (AtmA kA) parama dhAma (svasthAna) hai|" nirvANa abhAva nahIM hai, bauddha vicAraNA kI mUla vicAradRSTi ke nikaTa bauddha nirvANa kI yaha vizada vivecanA hameM isa niSkarSa para le hI hai| yadyapi bauddha nirvANa eka bhAvAtmaka tathya hai, phira bhI bhAvAtmaka jAtI hai ki prArambhika bauddha darzana kA nirvANa abhAvAtmaka tathya nahIM bhASA usakA yathArtha citra prastuta karane meM samartha nahIM hai, kyoki bhAva thaa| isake lie nimna tarka prastuta kie jA sakate haiM kisI pakSa ko batAtA hai aura pakSa ke lie pratipakSa kI svIkRti anivArya (1) nirvANa yadi abhAva mAtra hotA to tRtIya Arya satya kaise hai jabaki nirvANa to pakSAtikrAMta hai| niSedhamUlaka kathana kI yaha vizeSatA hotA? kyoki abhAva Arya sat kA Alambana nahIM ho sktaa| hotI hai ki usake lie kisI pratipakSa kI svIkRti ko Avazyaka (2) tRtIya Arya satya kA viSaya dravya sat nahIM hai to usake nahIM bar3hA sktaa| ata: anirvacanIya kA nirvacana karane meM niSedhAtmaka upadeza kA kyA mUla hogA? bhASA kA prayoga hI adhika samIcIna hai| isa niSedhAtmaka vivecana zailI (3) yadi nirvANa mAtra nirodha yA abhAva hai to uccheda-dRSTi ne nirvANa kI abhAvAtmaka kalpanA ko adhika prabala banAyA hai| vastutaH samyagdRSTi hogI lekina buddha ne to sadaiva hI uccheda-dRSTi ko mithyA nirvANa anirvacanIya hai|
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________________ 397 jaina dharma meM mukti kI avadhAraNA : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana kRtsna karmakSayAn mokSaH, tatvArthasUtra, vive0, paM0 sukhalAla saMdhavI, 20. sukhamAtyantikaM yttaabuddhigraahymtiindriym| -vahI, 6/21 / prakA0, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI 1976, 101 / 21. inasAiklopeDiyA Apha ithiksa eNDa rilIjana, saMpA0, jemsa 2. bandha viyogo mokSa:-abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, zrI vijaya rAjendra sUri haisTiMga, prakA0, TI0eNDa TI0 klArka, eddinbrg| jI, ratalAma, khaNDa 6, pR0 431 22. AspekTasa oNpha mahAyAna ina rilezana Tu hiinyaan| 3. mukkho jIvassa zudaddha rUcassa-vahI, khaNDa 6, pR0 431 23. dravyaM sat pratisaMkhyA nirodhaH satyacatuSTaya-nirdeza-nirddhiSTatvAt, 4. tulanA kIjie-(a) Atma mImAMsA (dalasukhabhAI), pR066-67 mArga satyeva iti vaibhaassikaaH| -yazomitra-abhidharmakoSa vyAkhyA, (ba) mameti vadhyate janturnamameti prmucyte| - garur3a puraann| pR0 17 / avvAvAhaM avatthANaM-abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, khaNDa 6, pR0431| 24. buddhisTa nirvANa, pR0 27 / 6. niyamasAra, anu0 agarasena, ajitAzrama, lakhanaU, 1963, 25. AspekTsa oNpha mahAyAna ina rilezana Tu hInayAna, pR0 162 176-177 / 26. seMTrala philaoNsaphI oNpha buddhijma, TI0Ara0vI0 mUrti, prakA0 jaoNrja, 7. vijjadi kevalaNANaM, kevalasokkhaM ca kevlviriyN| elena eNDa TI0klArka, eDinabarga 1955, pRSTha 129, kevaladiTThi amuttaM atthittaM sappadesata / / -vahI, 181 pR0 272-73 / kucha vidvAnoM ne agurulaghutva kA artha na halkA na bhArI aisA bhI 27. buddhisTa philAsaphI oNpha yunivarsala phlaksa, satkArI mukharjI, kiyA hai| prakA0, kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya presa 1935, pR0 252 / 9. pravacanasAroddhAra, saMpA0, nemicandrasUri, nirNaya sAgara presa, babaI, 28. e kampareTiva sTeDI oNpha dI kAnasepTa oNpha libarezana ina iMDiyana 1922, dvAra 276, gAthA 1593-1594 / philaoNsaphI, DaoN. azoka kumAra lADa, prakA0 giradhArI lAla 10. sadAsiva sakho makkaDi buddhau NaiyAiyo ya vesesii| kezavadAsa, burahAnapura, pR069|| Isara maDali daMsaNa vidUsaNaTuM kayaM edaM / / -gommaTasAra (nemicandra) (ba) bauddha darzana mImAMsA, AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya, prakA0, saMpA0, paM0 khUbacandra jaina, prakA0, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, caukhambA vidyA bhavana vArANasI, 1978, pR0 147 / AgAsa, vi0saM0 2022 / 29. laMkAvatArasUtra, saMpA0, zrI parazurAma zarmA, mithilA vidyApITha, se na dIhe, na hasse, na vaTTe, na taMse, na cauraMse, na parimaMDale, na darabhaMgA 1963, 2/62 / / kiNhe, na nIle, na lohite, na hAlidde, na sukille, na surabhigandhe, 30. klezajJeyAvaraNa prahANabhapi mokSa srvjnyaatvaaghigmaarthm|-sthirmti na dubbhigandhe, na tite, na kaDue, na kasAe, na aMbile, na mahure, triziMkA vijJapti bhASya, pR0 15, uddhRta-AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya, na kakkhar3e, na maue, na gurue, na lahue, na sIe, na uNhe, na niddhe, bauddhadarzanamImAMsA, pRSTha 132 / na lukkhe, na kAU, na rUhe, na saMge, na itthI, na purise, na anahA, 31. acitto'nupalambho so jJAnaM lokottaraM ca tt| AzrayasyaparAvRtidvighAse na sadde, na rUve, na gaMdhe, na rase, na phaase| -AcArAMgasUtra, dauSThulya haanitH| -triziMkA 29 saMpA0, madhukara muni, prakA0, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 32. sa evAnAstravo dhAturacintyaH kuzalo dhruvH|-trishiNkaa 30 1980, 1/5/6 / 33. Acritical Survey of Indian Philosophy, Pub. - Motilal Navi du:kkhaM Navi sukkhaM Navi pIDA va vijjade bAhA / Banarasidas, Delhi, 1979, p. 109. Navi maraNaM Navi jaNaNaM tattheva ya hoI NivvANaM / / 34. bauddha darzana mImAMsA, pRSTha 126-138 / moho vimhiyo Na nniddaay| 35. mahAyAna sUtrAlaMkAra, sapAM0 esa0esa0bAgacI, prakA0 mithilA ttheva havadi NivvANaM / / -niyamasAra, saMpA0 paM0 parameSThIdAsa vidyApITha, darabhaMgA 1970, 9/60 (mahAyAna-zAntibhikSu, pRSTha73) nyAyatIrtha, prakA0 diga0 jaina tIrtha surakSA TrasTa, jayapura, 1988, 36. bhAvAbhAva parAmarzakSayo nirvANaM ucyte| -mAdhyamikakArikAvRti, anu0 agarasena, ajitAzrama, lakhanaU, 1963, 178-179 / pRSTha 524 / 13. manasA saha-taittarIya 2/9 -muNDaka 3/1/8 (uddhRta dI seMTrala philAsaphI oNpha buddhIjma (TI. Ara. vI. mUrti) pRSTha 14. yasmingatA na nivartanti bhuuyH| -gItA, gItApresa, gorakhapura, 274 / vi0saM0 2018, 15/4 / 37. aprhiinnmsmpraaptmnucchintrmshaashvtm| 15. (a) yaM prApya na nirvatante taddhAma paramaM mm| -vahI, 8/21 / anirUddhamanutpannametannirvANamucyate / / -maadhymikkaarikaavRtti| (ba) yadgatvA na nivartante taddhAma paramaM mm| -vahI, 15/6 / pR0 521, uddhRta AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya, bauddha darzana mImAMsA, (sa) mAmupetya purnajanma duHkhaalymshaashvtm| pRSTha 133 / nApnuvanti mahAtmAnaH saMsiddhiM paramAM gtaaH| -vahI, 8/15 / 38. udAna anu0 jagadIza kazyapa, prakA0 mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha 16. gItA-8/20-21 vArANasI, 8/3 pR0 110-111 (aisA hI varNana itivRttaka 17. akSaraM brahma paramaM svbhaavo'dhytmmucyte| -vahI, 8/3 / 2/2/6 meM bhI hai) 18. zAntiM nirvaannprmaaN| -vahI, 6/15 / 39. dhammapada, anu0 paM0rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, prakA0, buddha vihAra, 19. sukhena brahmasaMsparzamatyantaM sukhmshnute| -vahI, 6/28 lakhanaU, 203, 204 / 12.
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________________ 398 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 / / 40. amataM santi nivvANa padamaccutaM-suttanipAta-pArAyaNa vagga, anu0 48. udAna, anu0 jagadIza kazyapa, 8/1 / bhikSu dharmaratna, prakA0, mahAbodhisabhA, banArasa 1950 / / 49. mUla pAlI meM, yahA~ pAThAntara hai-tIna pATha milate haiM 1. anattaM 2. 41. padaM santaM saMkhArUpasamaM sukhaM-dhammapada, anu0 paM0rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, anata 3. anntN| hamane yahA~ "ananta" zabda kA artha grahaNa kiyA 368 / hai| AdaraNIya kAzyapajI ne anata (anAtma) pATha ko adhika upayukta 42. ittivuttaka, dharmarakSita, prakA0, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha buddhAbda, mAnA hai lekina aTThakathA meM donoM hI artha lie gae haiN| 2499, 2/2/6 / 50. udAna, anu0 jagadIza kazyapa, 8/3 / / 43. vizuddhimagga, anu0 bhikSudharmarakSita, prakA0, mahAbodhisabhA, vArANasI 51. yattha Apo na paThavI tejo vAyo na gaadhti| 1956, pariccheda 16, bhAga 2, pR0 119-121 (hindI anu0 na tattha sukkA jotanti Adicco nappakAsati / / - vhii,1/10| bhikSu dharmarakSita) na tattha candimA bhAti tamo tattha na vijjti| 44. udAna, anu0, jagadIza kazyapa, prakA0 mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha tulanA kIjie-na tadbhAsayate sUryo na zazAMko na paavkH| vArANasI, pATaligrAma varga 8/10 / yadgatvA na nivartante taddhAma paramaM mama / / 45. vahI, 8/9 / - gItA, vahI, 1/10 tathA gItApresa, gorakhapura, vi0saM0 46. vizuddhimagga, anu0 bhikSudharmarakSita, pariccheda 8 evaM 16 / 2018, 15/6 / 47. bauddha dharma darzana, pR0 294 para uddhRt| strI, anyatairthika evaM savastra kI mukti kA prazna yApanIya paramparA ke viziSTa siddhAntoM meM strImukti, sagranthamukti paramparA meM bhI uttarAdhyayana kI mAnyatA thI aura usake adhyayana-adhyApana (gRhasthamukti) aura anyatairthikamukti aisI avadhAraNAe~ haiM, jo use kI paramparA usameM lagabhaga navIM zatI taka jIvita rahI hai, kyoMki digambara paramparA se pRthak karatI haiN| eka aura yApanIya saMgha acelakatva aparAjita ne apanI bhagavatIArAdhanA kI TIkA meM uttarAdhyayana se aneka (digambaratva) kA samarthaka hai, to dUsarI ora vaha strImukti, sagrantha gAthAe~ uddhRta kI haiM, jo kvacit pAThabheda ke sAtha vartamAna uttarAdhyayana (gRhastha) mukti, anyatairthika (anyaliMga) mukti Adi kA bhI samarthaka meM bhI upalabdha haiN| samavAyAMga, nandIsUtra Adi zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM hai| yahI bAta use zvetAmbara Agamika paramparA ke samIpa khar3A kara meM aMgabAhya ke rUpa meM, tattvArthabhASya ke sAtha-sAtha tattvArthasUtra kI digambara detI hai| yadyapi strImukti kI avadhAraNA to zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcIna TIkAoM meM evaM SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM bhI prakIrNaka grantha Agama sAhitya uttarAdhyayana, jJAtAdharmakathA Adi meM bhI upasthita rahI ke rUpa meM uttarAdhyayana kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM hai, phira bhI tArkika rUpa se isakA samarthana sarvaprathama yApanIyoM ne hI ne uttarAdhyayana ko I0pU0 tRtIya se I0pU0 prathama zatI ke madhya kI kiyaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki strImukti niSedha ke svara sarvaprathama pA~cavIM- racanA mAnA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI apekSA kiMcit paravartI zvetAmbara mAnya chaThI zatI meM dakSiNa bhArata meM hI mukhara hue aura cU~ki yahA~ Agamika Agama jJAtAdharmakathA (I0pU0 prathama zatI) meM malli nAmaka adhyAya paramparA ko mAnya karane vAlA yApanIya saMgha upasthita thA, ata: use (I0 san prathama zatI) meM tathA antakRddazAMga ke aneka adhyayanoM meM hI usakA pratyuttara denA pdd'aa| strImukti ke ullekha haiN| Agamika vyAkhyA AvazyakacUrNi (sAtavIM zvetAmbaroM ko strImukti sambandhI vivAda kI jAnakArI yApanIyoM zatI) meM bhI marudevI kI mukti kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| isake se prApta huii| zvetAmbara AcArya haribhadra (AThavIM zatI) ne sarvaprathama atirikta digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya yApanIya grantha kaSAyaprAbhRta evaM isa carcA ko apane grantha lalitavistarA meM yApanIya tantra ke ullekha SaTkhaNDAgama bhI strImukti ke samarthaka haiN| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ke sAtha uThAyA hai| isake pUrva, bhASya aura cUrNi sAhitya meM yaha carcA ki IsvI san kI pA~cavIM-chaThI zatAbdI taka jaina paramparA meM kahIM anupalabdha hai| ata: sarvaprathama to hameM yaha dekhanA hogA ki isa tArkika bhI strImukti kA niSedha nahIM thaa| strImukti evaM sagrantha (savastra) kI carcA ke pahale strImukti se samarthaka aura niSedhaka nirdeza kina granthoM mukti kA sarvaprathama niSedha AcArya kundakunda ne suttapAhuDa meM kiyA meM milate haiN| sarvaprathama hameM uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke antima adhyayana (I0 hai| yadyapi yApanIya grantha SaTkhaNDAgama bhI suttapAhuDa kA hI samakAlIna pU0 dvitIya-prathama zatI) meM strI kI tadbhava mukti kA spaSTa ullekha grantha mAnA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI usameM strImukti kA niSedha nahIM hai, prApta hotA hai| jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA ke atirikta yApanIya apitu mUla granthoM meM to paryApta manuSyanI (strI) meM caudaha guNasthAnoM