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________________ jaina citrakalA kA AtmAbhivyakti kA sundaratama svarUpa hai / isa dharA para mAnava jAti ke vikAsa kA itihAsa kalA ke sundaratama hAthoM hI likhA gayA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti isa dRSTi se bar3I sampanna hai, bhAratIya sabhyatA ke udaya ke sAtha hI bhAratIya kalA kA itihAsa bhI prArambha hotA hai / yoM to sindhu kAlIna sabhyatA ke kAla meM bhI bhAratIya citrakalA ke pramANa upalabdha hote haiM, parantu citrakalA ke AdhAra sAmAnyataH prAcIna makAna aura vastra Adi adhika surakSita na rahane ke kAraNa, adhika prAcIna kAla ke pramANa kama hI prApta hote haiM / aitihA sika dRSTi se mahAvIra ke bAda ke kAla se jana-sAmAnya kI ruci citrakalA meM nirantara bar3hane sambandhI aneka pramANa upalabdha haiM / isa kAla se bhAratIya citrakalA kA paryApta vikAsa aura huA, samayAnukUla paristhitiyoM ke anurUpa usameM vibhinna paramparAoM kA bhI vikAsa huA inameM jaina citrakalA kI bhI apanI viziSTa paramparA rahI / paramparA ke prArambhika kAla meM yadA-kadA bhitti citroM ke rUpa meM tathA taduparAnta vyApaka rUpa se tAr3a patroM, kASTha paTTikAoM ke aneka namUne Aja bhI jaina bhaNDAroM meM prApya haiM / inameM adhikatara apabhraMza kAlIna yuga ke haiM / tAr3a-patroM, vastroM aura kAgajoM para bane ye zrImatI uSA kiraNa jaina citra atyanta sajIva, rocaka aura kalAtmaka hote the / inake pazcAt kAgajoM para bhI citrAMkana kA kArya prArambha huA / jaina citrakalA kI prAcInatA aura usake udaya ke sambandha meM itihAsakAroM ke vibhinna mata haiN| isa dizA meM abhI kAphI zodha kArya apekSita hai / abhI taka upalavdha pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhAratIya citrakalA ke abhinna aMga ke rUpa meM yaha paramparA usake udaya ke samaya se hI vidyamAna thI / vAcaspati gairolA ke anusAra " jaina kalA ke prAcIna astitva kI khoja nikAlane ke lie hamArA dhyAna isa aitihAsika dizA kI ora unmukha hotA hai to hameM lagatA hai ki usakI dayanIyatA na kevala usake veSa vinyAsa evaM bhAvavicArAMkana ke kAraNa vizruta hai, apitu bhAratIya citrakalA ke itihAsa meM kAgada para kI gaI citrakArI kI dizA meM usakA pahalA sthAna hai| rAjapUta paramparA kI bhA~ti jaina kalA aisI prAcIna paramparA para AdhArita hai, jo rAjapUta kalama se prApta sabase prAcIna citroM se bhI eka zatAbdI pahale kI siddha hotI hai / " " 1. bhAratIya citrakalA; vAcaspati gairolA, (pra. saM. 1963 ) pRSTha 138
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________________ samagra bhAratIya citra zailiyoM meM jitane bhI prAcIna citra prApta haiM unameM mukhyatA aura prAcInatA jaina citroM kI hai / ye citra digambara jainiyoM se sambandhita haiM jinheM apane sampradAya ke granthoM ko citrita karane va karAne kA bar3A zauka thA / prAkRta bhASA meM racita jaina granthoM kA adhyayana karane se tatkAlIna samAja meM vidvAnoM sAhityakAroM evaM jana sAmAnya meM citrakalA ke prati anurAga tathA niSThA kA bodha hotA hai| dasavIM zatI se pandrahavIM zatI ke madhyakAla meM bhAratIya citrakalA kI paramparA meM jaina va bauddha kalA kA bAhulya hai| isase pUrva ke kAla meM jaina kalA kA samRddha rUpa mUrtiyoM tathA mandiroM ke zilpa meM parilakSita hotA hai| isa kAla meM isakA svarUpa nikhara AyA thA / citrakalA ke jo namUne Aja upalabdha haiM unameM adhikatara jaina sAhitya kI vibhinna kRtiyoM ke madhya vibhinna sandarbhoM meM citrAMkita haiN| jaina kalA meM jahA~ mUrtikalA aura zilpa evam sthApatya ke kSetra meM digambara paramparA kA bAhulya hai, vahA~ citrakalA ke kSetra meM davetAmbarIya janoM kA mahatvapUrNa yoga rahA hai| jaina kA mahatvapUrNa yoga rahA hai| jaina citrakalA gujarAta kI zvetAmbara kalama se pUrNa vikAsa kI ora agrasara hokara varSoM taka rAjapUtAne meM apanA vikAsa karAtI rahI aura bAda meM IrAnI prabhAvoM se mukta hokara "rAjapUta kalama" meM hI vilayita ho gii| 12vIM sadI ke pUrva jahA~ mugala zailI kI vikA sAvasthA meM jaina citrakalA kI pragati zithila par3a gaI vahIM 12 vIM sadI ke bAda mahamUda gajanavI ke vidhvaMzoM ke bAvajUda * bhI jaina citrakalA AbU aura giranAra ke kendroM meM apane pariveza meM nava nirmANa kI ora agrasara huii| bAda meM jaina citrakAroM ne rAjapUta aura mugala zailiyoM se preraNA grahaNa kara apane kSetra ko aura bhI vyApaka banAyA / 2. bhAratIya citrakalA vAcaspati vairolA, pRSTha 93 - E vibhinna prAcIna jaina granthoM meM jaina citrakalA ke vividha pakSoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai / kalpasUtra Adi meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA citramaya varNana milatA hai / "prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra" ( 2/5/16 ) meM citroM kI aneka zreNiyoM kA ullekha hai / isa vyAkaraNa grantha meM citroM kI tIna pramukha zreNiyoM sacitta (mAnava, pazu, pakSI), acitta ( nadI, nada, pahAr3a, AkAza) aura mizra (saMyukta) meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| lakar3I, kapar3e aura patthara para aneka raMgoM ke yoga se urehe gae citroM ko "lepakampa" kahA hai| lokakalA ke unnata svarUpa ke rUpa meM isa kAla meM alpanA citroM kA bhI aMkana kiyA jAtA thaa| sAtha hI miTTI-patthara va hAthIdAMta para bhI citra urehe jAte the| eka kathAkRti "nAyA- dhamma kahAo" (1/16/77-80) se vidita hotA hai ki camvA nAmaka nagarI meM lalita goSTI ( laliyAeNAmaM goDI) nAma kI eka pramoda sabhA vidyamAna thii| isa grantha meM likhA hai ( 1/1/17 ) ki mahArAja zramika ke mahala meM dIvAroM para bar3e acche citra urehe hue the| isI grantha meM isa prakAra ke anya aneka udAharaNoM kA bhI ullekha hai / isa kalA kI aneka jaina sAhityika racanAoM meM bhI citrakalA sambandhI ullekha haiM / zrI gerolA ke anusAra "11vIM-12vIM zatAbdI meM racita jaina sAhitya kI kathA kRtiyoM meM citrakalA ke sambandha meM bar3I hI upayogI carcAaiM dekhane ko milatI haiM / mAgadhI prAkRta kI kathA kRti "sUra sundarI kahA" (racanAkAla 1338 I.) meM zleSokti ke dvArA kisI nAyaka kI ekAnta premAsakti ko bhramara aura kumudanI kA citra banAkara vyakta kiyA gayA hai| prAkRta bhASA kI dUsarI kathAkRti " taraMgavatI" (sambhavataH AMdhrabhRtya rAjAoM ke Azraya meM nirmita) meM nAyikA taraMgavatI dvArA eka citra pradarzanI kA Ayojana isa uddezya se kiye jAne kA ullekha hai ki kadAcita isa lobha se usakA rUThA huA premI vahAM A jAya / "
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________________ "AcArAMga sUtra" (2/2/3/13) meM jaina sAdhuoM aura isa kAla ke citroM kI zailI ke sambandha meM kalA brahmacAriyoM ko citra zAlAoM meM jAne aura Thaharane se marmajJoM ke vibhinna mata haiN| prArambha meM to ise "jaina zailI vajita kiyA gayA hai / jainAcArya hemacandra (1082- ke nAma se hI sambodhita kiyA jAtA thA parantu bAda meM 1172 I.) ke mahAkAvya "triSaSTi zalAkA puruSacarita" isa AdhAra para ki isa zailI ke citra jainetara aura meM tatkAlIna rAja darabAroM meM aneka citrakAroM kI sabhA baiSNava granthoM meM bhI prApta hote haiM, rAyakRSNadAsa ne ise hone kA varNana hai, jo bhitticitroM se susajjita haA apabhraza zailI ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA hai| jaunapura karatI thii| isa zailI kA pramukha kendra mAnA jAtA hai| ahamadAbAda ke zrI sArAbhAI mANika lAla ne apabhraMza zailI se prabhAvaka caritra ke "vappabhaTTa sUri caritra" saikar3oM sAde aura raMgIna citroM se yukta eka mahattvapUrNa (samvata 1334) meM navIM zatAbdI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra grantha "citra kalpadrama" (kalpasUtra) prakAzita kiyA hai ke citrapaToM ke banAne kA ullekha hai| "vappabhaTTi sUrI jisakA lipi kAla 1465 I. (1522 vi.) hai ; isa jI ko citrakAra ne mahAvIra kI mUrti vAle cAra citrapaTa zailI ke kAgada para nirmita grantha citra aura sphuTa citra taiyAra karake diye / sUra jI ne unakI pratiSThA karake bar3I saMkhyA meM prApta hue haiN| inameM se eka rAyala eka kannauja ke jaina mandira meM, eka mathurA meM, eka aNa eziyATika sosAyaTI, bambaI meM aura dUsarI lIbhaNI ke hilla pATaNa meM, eka sattArakapura meM bheja diye gaye jinameM seTha AnaMda jI kalyANa jI ke pAsa batAI jAtI haiN| se pATaNavAlA paTTa musalamAnoM ne pATaNa ko naSTa kiyA inakA lipikAla 1415 I. hai / jaunapura kI "kalpasUtra" taba taka vahA~ ke mor3hagaccha ke jaina caitya meM vidyamAna thaa| isakI tIsarI prati hai jo svarNAkSaroM meM aMkita hai aura navIM zatAbdI meM mahAvIra ke cAra citrapaTTa banAye jAne saMprati bar3audA ke narasiMha jI pola ke jJAna mandira meM kA ullekha bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai / parantu kheda hai ki surakSita hai| yaha prati 14.7 I. meM jaunapura ke bAdazAha Aja unameM se eka bhI prApta nahIM hai| haribhadra sUri ne husaina zAha zarkI ke samaya citrita kI gaI thii| kalpasUtra Avazyaka vatti meM samavazaraNa citrapaTTa kA ullekha kI eka cauthI prati ahamadAbAda nivAsI muni dayA kiyA hai|" vijaya jI ke saMgraha meM hai, jisako 15 vIM zatI ke bArahavIM se solahavIM zatI ke madhya zvetAmbarI uttarArddha kA mAnA jAtA hai| yaha bhI svarNAkSaroM meM jainoM dvArA apabhraza zailI ke aneka tADapatrIya grantha aMkita hai, isameM aMkita citra apabhraMza zailI ke sarvacitroM kI racanA kI gii| inameM se kucha, yadA--- zreSTha citra mAne jAte haiN| "nizItha cUrNI" "aMga sUtra", "dazavakAlika laghuvRtti", "odha niyukti", "triSaSTi zAlAkA puruSa carita", kisI bhI kalA yA usakI kisI zailI kI rUpa"neminAtha carita", 'kathA saritsAgara" "saMgrahaNIya rekhA kA paricaya prApta karane ke liye usake pramukha sUtra", "uttarAdhyayana sUtra", "kalpa sUtra" aura "zrAvaka pratIkoM kA adhyayana nitAnta Avazyaka hai| isa dRSTi pratikramaNa cUrNI" Aja bhI pothiyAM, pATana, khaMbhAta, se jaina kalA meM jo pramukha pratIka hameM prApta hote haiM unameM baDaudA aura jaisalamera Adi ke granthakAroM tathA amarIkA. tIrtha kara mahAvIra kI mAtA trizalA ko hae svapnoM ke ke bosTana saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiN| citra bahutAyAta meM prApta hote haiN| unameM erAvata hAthI, bhagavAna mahAvIra citrAvalI-agaracandra nAhaTA, vIra parinirvANa sitambara 1974, pRSTha 11 / 165
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________________ kezarI siMha, vRSa (baila), padmAvatI (kamala ke siMhAsana zvarI tathA solaha vidyA deviyoM ke citra aMkita kiye para baiThI lakSmI), puSpa mAlAeM, sUrya, candra, svarNa kalaza, gae haiM / sarovara, samudra, vimAna (pAlakI), ratna bhaNDAra, agni raMga yojanA kI dRSTi se jana kalAkRtiyoM kA mIna yugala va vizAla gaganacumbIbhavana Adi pramukha haiN| abalokana karane para pratIta hotA hai ki prArambhika kAla inake atirikta svAstika, zrIvatsa, naMdiyAvata, baddha meM inameM haldiyA raMgoM kA prayoga adhika mAtrA meM hotA mAnakya, bhadrAsana, darpaNa Adi pratIkoM ko AyAgapaToM thaa| bAda meM lAla raMga kA prayoga adhikAdhika mAtrA meM para bahata hI kuzalatApUrvaka citrita kiyA gayA hai / hone lgaa| isake atirikta AsamAnI, pIle, nIle tathA isake sAtha hI cauvIsa tIrtha karoM aura unake pratIkoM va / zveta raMgoM kA bhI samAveza kiyA gayA hai| bAda meM cinhoM ko bhI citrita kiyA gyaa| inameM bhI cAra tIrtha karoM mahAvIra, pArzvanAtha, neminAtha aura RSabhanAtha inameM sunaharI syAhI kA bhI adhikAdhika prayoga hone laga gyaa| ke citra adhikAMza mAtrA meM prApta hote haiM / inakA varNa kramazaH pIta (pIlA), nIlA, kAlA tathA svarNima, vastrAbhUSaNoM kI dRSTi se jaina kalA meM mukuToM aura pratIka cinha kramazaH kesarI siMha, sarpa, zaMkha va vaSa tayA mAlAoM kI sajjA para adhika dhyAna diyA gayA hai| dIkSAtaru kramazaH azoka, ghAtakI, vedhasa, kadalI aMkita striyoM kI zrRMgAra sajjA ke rUpa meM mAthe para bindI, kiye gae haiN| kAnoM meM kuNDala aura bAhoM meM bAjUbanda aMkita kiye gae haiN| gale meM ratnamAlAoM ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai tIrthakaroM ke Asana ke rUpa meM 'ISatprabhabhAra' yA jo lagabhaga sabhI citroM meM prApta hotI haiM tathA gale se 'siddha zilA' aMkita kI gaI hai jo tiryak arddha candrA- lekara pairoM taka sArI Akati ko gheranevAlI mAlAoM kAra ke svarUpa kI haiN| isake atirikta samavazaraNa kI taka, anekoM prakAra se aMkita haiN| vastroM meM dhotiyoM kI bhI racanA kI gaI hai / yaha vaha sthAna hai jahA~ baiThakara sajjA mohaka hai| prArambhika citroM meM vastroM meM motI tIrthakara upadeza dete the| isa sthAna kA svarUpa sAmAnyataH jaise zveta tathA svaNima raMga kI pradhAnatA hai, jisakA vattAkara aura yadAkadA vargAkAra bhI prApta hotA hai| sthAna bAda meM IrAnI prabhAva ke kAraNa halkI chApa, ise maNi-mANikya evaM sUvarNa se sajAyA jAtA thaa| isake bela-baToM kI jagaha paccIkArI tathA svarNIya raMgoM ke atirikta jaina darzana ke anusAra bhailokya racanA, brahmANDa kAma ne le liyaa| pazcAtavartI citroM meM mukuToM ke sRSTi' aura paurANika citra bhI pracuratA se prApta hote haiN| sthAna para pAga (pagar3iyoM) kA bhI aMkana kiyA gyaa| jahA~ puruSoM ke vastroM meM dhotI va dupaTTe pramukha haiM jaina kalA ke pratIka ke rUpa meM nArI-rUpoM kA citraNa vahA~ nArI citroM meM kaMcukI, raMgIna dhotI, cUnarI aura bahuta hI kama huA hai / nArI citroM ke nyUnatama upayoga kaTipaTa kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ke vAvajUda bhI jaina kalA kI samRddhi usakA aisA mahatvapUrva guNa haiM jo vizva meM prApta citrakalA kI vibhinna citroM meM AkAra evaM anupAta kA bhI pUrA dhyAna vidhAoM meM use maulika pratiSThA pradAna karatA hai| jaina rakhA gayA hai| prakhyAta kalA samIkSaka zrI vAcaspati kalA meM yadAkadA hI nArI citra prApta hote haiN| nArI gairolA ke anusAra "citroM kA AkAra ekacazma, Der3ha citraNa ke kSetra meM kucha citroM meM tIrtha karoM ke donoM pAzvoM cazma aura docazma hai| eka cazma yA Der3ha cazma vAle meM yakSa-yakSaNiyoM ke citra tathA tIrthakaroM kI adhiNThAtrI citroM meM Thor3hI seba kI taraha bAhara kI ora ubhara deviyA~ ambikA, padamAvatI, sarasvatI, zAsana, cakra- AyI hai aura usake nIce kI rekhA meM gaurava, garva tathA 166
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________________ abhimAna ko prakaTa karane ke uddezya se jhola de diyA indra varuNa, kAlI Adi yakSa-yakSiNI tathA anya gayA hai| do cazma AkAra ke khar3e hae jaina muniyoM kI rUpAntaroM meM jaina kalA meM bhI prApta hote haiN| pazcAtaThor3I meM trizala kI bhA~ti tIna rekhAe~ aura nAsikA, vartI kAla meM jaina kalA hindU kalA ke sAtha ekAkAra bhAla kI noka kI taraha aMkita hai| bhaveM aura nayanoM karatI pratIta hotI hai| eka mukhya asamAnatA jo jaina kA phailAva samarUpa hai| eka cazma tathA Der3ha cazma ceharoM aura hindU kalA ke madhya sadeva vidyamAna rahI vaha thI meM nAsikA zukacaMcu kI bhAMti nukIlI aura anupAta se hindU kalA meM nArI citroM tathA ati thrAMgArika citroM adhika lambI ho gayI hai| netra uThe hae tathA bAhara kI ke aMkana ke sambandha meM / hindU kalA sthUla mAMsalatA ora ubhare hue haiN| unakI lambAI karNabhAga ko chUtI kI ora agrasara ho, rAga-rAginI, nakha-zikha tathA hai , vastuta: netroM aura nAsikA ke citraNa meM jaina kalA- bArahamAsA Adi viSayoM meM saMlagna hotI gayI taba bhI kAroM kI nipuNatA kI tulanA nahIM hai|"" jaina kalA meM apanI paramparAgata dhArmika niSThA sthira rhii| yahI kAraNa hai ki jyoM-jyoM hindU kalA rAjaisa prakAra jaina citrakalA kI paramparA ke prasAdoM meM simaTatI gaI aura vilAsitAmayI jIvana antargata jo kArya huA usane bhAratIya citrakalA ke ke citraNa meM lagatI gaI, tyoM-tyoM jaina citrakalA kI vikAsa kA mArga prazasta kiyA / citrakalA ke kSetra meM nihita hotI gii| rAjapUta aura mugala zailiyoM ke pUrva bhI mahatvapUrNa kArya isa deza meM jaina citrakalA ke mAdhyama se huaa| bauddha kalA bhI jaina kalA se kaI sthAnoM para sAmaMbhAratIya citrakalA ko jaina citrakalA ne aisI anupama jasya karatI pratIta hotI hai| jaina kalA meM jisa prakAra sacitra kRtiyAM dI haiM jo bhAvAbhivyakti, saundarya bodha. kathAoM ko kaI sthAnoM para AdhAra banAyA gayA hai, raMga yojanA, varNa-AkAra-sajjA ke adabhata sAmaMjasya usI prakAra buddhakalA kA bhI mukhya AdhAra jAtaka ke kAraNa sajIva bana par3I haiM / isane citrakalA kI kathAe~ haiN| pandrahavIM zatI ke pUrva jaina evaM bauddha kalAoM agalI paramparAoM rAjapUta aura mugala zailiyoM ko kI hI kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM / jaina kalA ne bauddha kalA navIna pravRttiyA~ tathA pragatizIla tatva diye haiN| kI alaMkaraNa pravRtti se sAmaMjasya sthApita kiyA hai / eka mukhya antara jo ina donoM meM pAyA jAtA hai vaha jaina citrakalA ne apane se uttarakAlIna sabhI yaha ki bauddha kalA bhitti citroM para adhika kendrita zailiyoM para apanI gaharI chApa chor3I hai| hindU rahI jabaki jaina kalA meM bhitti citroM ke pazcAt rAjapUta kalA jaina citrazailI se atyadhika prabhAvita tAr3apatroM tathA kAgaja para citrAMkana ko pramukhatA dI huii| bhAratIya citra zailiyoM meM belabUToM kI banAvaTa gaI aura vaha grantha citroM kI ora adhika AkarSita kI janmadAtrI sarvaprathama jaina kalA hI rahI / jaina haI / bauddha kalA ne rAjya saMrakSaNa prApta kara tathA citrakalA hindU citrakalA zailiyoM ke ati nikaTa rahI vilAsitA pUrNa, zragArika citroM tathA nArI citroM kA hai| viSaya vastu ke rUpa meM bhI jana kalA meM svayaMbhU aMkana apane kSetra ko aura vyApaka banAte hue jahA~ rAma aura neminAtha hindU kalA ke rAma aura kRSNa ke antarrASTrIya kSetra meM apanA vikAsa kiyA vahA~ jaina samAna evaM samakAlIna haiM / hindU zailiyoM kI sarasvatI, kalA ne siddhAMtoM ke mUlya para kabhI paristhiti se 4. bhAratIya citrakalA--vAcaspati gairolA, pRSTha 1421 167
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________________ samajhautA nahIM kiyA aura sadaiva dhArmika AdhAroM kA sarvazreSTha paTTa citra mAnA jAtA hai| nAhaTA kalA kaThoratApUrvaka pa.lana kiyA / bhavana bIkAnera meM bhI isa prakAra ke sundara vastracitra surakSita haiN| bhAratIya citrakalA ke vikAsa meM jaina kalAkAroM ne atyadhika mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvAha kiyA hai| bhAratIya citrakalA jaina kalApremiyoM ke kalAtmaka dasavIM se pandrahavIM zatI ke bIca kA kAla to vastuoM kI surakSA ke viziSTa guNa ko bhI vizeSa zaddha rUpa se mukhyata: jaina kalA kA hI kAla rahA RNI hai jisake kAraNa caudahavIM-pandrahavIM zatI ke hai| isa yuga meM pUrva paramparA ko jIvita rakhakara jisa krAMtimaya samaya meM bhI, jabaki allAuddIna khilajI niSThA aura lagana ke sAtha jaina kalAkAroM ne jaina jaise saradAroM ne jahA~ bhI hinda kalAkati dekhI naSTa zailI ko vikasita kiyA aura bhaviSya meM rAjapUta karadI, jaina vidvAnoM ne jI jAna se apanI kalA paraevaM mugala zailI ko jo naye prayoga evaM bhAva mparA yA yoM kaheM ki tatkAlIna bhAratIya kalA paramparA vidhAna diye, unake lie bhAratIya citrakalA jaina / kI rakSA kii| ina dinoM kAgaja ke sthAna para kAzmIrI citrakalA kI paramparA kI RNI hai| tibbata, nepAla kAgaja svarNamayI evaM rajatamayI syAhI se mUlyavAna aura gar3havAla meM kapar3e para citrAMkana kI prAcIna paramparA citroM evaM pothiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA / muni ke anarUpa bhAratIya kalA meM vastroM para aMkana va lekhana kAntisAgara ke anasAra "kalpasatra" kI eka prati, kI sAmagrI jaina kalA meM hI upalabdha hotI hai / zraddha ya jo ahamadAbAda meM surakSita hai, itane mahatva kI pramAmani kAMti sAgara ne apane eka gaveSaNAtmaka lekha meM Nita ho cukI hai ki usakA malya savA lakSa rupaye taka tADapatroM, vastroM tathA kAgajoM Adi para nirmita jaina bhI A~kA jA cukA hai| bhAratIya nATya, saMgIta aura citroM, unake citrakAroM evaM granthakAroM kA vRhada varNana citrakalA tInoM STiyoM meM uma kiyA hai| unake saMgraha ke atirikta lakhanaU, ilAhA- ina citroM meM rAga-rAginI, marchanA, tAna Adi kI bAda, kalakattA Adi ke saMgrahAlayoM tathA yojanA saMgIta zAstra ke anusAra hai, aura AkAzacArI, aneka vyaktigata saMgrahoM meM vastracitroM ke mUlyavAna evaM pAdacArI, momacArI, vagairaha bharatamuni ke "nATyadurlabha namUne prApta hote haiM / vAziMgaTana kI pheyara ArTa zAstra" meM varNita nATya ke vibhinna rUpa bar3e hI bhAva gailarI meM surakSita "vasaMta vilAsa" nAmaka kRti (1508 pUrNa haiM / pratyeka ke mukhamudrA unake hRdayagata bhAvoM kA vi. meM likhita) vastra para citrita vijJapti patroM kI spaSTIkaraNa karate hue vividha rUpa utpanna kara sAdhAraNa apane DhaMga kI vizva bhara meM citrakalA meM advitIya kRti mAnava ko bhI apanI ora AkRSTa karatI hai yahI ukta mAnI jAtI hai / briTiza myUjiyama meM bhI jinabhadrasUri prati kI kucha vizeSatAe~ haiN| ke samaya kA jaina zAstroM para mahatvapUrNa prakAza DAlane vAlA eka bahumUlya evaM vRhata paTTa citra Aja bhI jaina citrakAroM dvArA raMgoM aura rekhAoM ke prati surakSita hai jise mugala-rAjapUta zailiyoM se pUrva kA pUrNa sajagatA baratI gaI hai / inakA sabase sundara svarUpa 5. "jainoM dvArA pallavita citrakalA" -- lekhaka-muni kAMtisAgara, "vizAla bhArata" disambara 1947; bhAga 40, aMka 6, pRSTha 341-348 / 6. tadaiva / 198
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________________ tAr3apatroM para nirmita citroM meM dekhane ko milatA hai jaina kalAkAroM ne mahatvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai| caudahavIMjahA~ bArIka rekhAoM dvArA alpa sthAna meM hI nirmita pandrahavIM zatI meM jaina kalAkAroM dvArA jahA~ "mArkaNDeya citroM meM kalAkAroM ne apanI pratibhA evaM kauzala kA purANa" tathA "durgA saptamI" jaise jaise vaiSNava granthoM ke pUrNa pradarzana kiyA hai| jaina zailI ke citroM meM netroM kI citra nirmita kie gaye haiM, vahA~ solahavIM-satrahavIM zatI banAvaTa para vizeSa dhyAna diyA gayA hai| tAGapatroM para meM jahAMgIra ke darabArI citrakAroM meM sAlivAhana nAmaka aMkita sUkSma rekhAeM itanI sArthaka haiM ki unake kAraNa jaina citrakAra dvArA "AgarA kA vijJapti patra" citra meM pUrNa sajIvatA pratIta hotI hai jinheM dekhakara (1667 vi.) tathA matisAra citra "dhannAzAlibhadrakoI bhI kalAkAra inakI prazaMsA kiye binA nahIM raha caupaI, kA bhI citrAMkana kiyA gayA / isI prakAra sakatA / jaina pothiyoM ke bAhara surakSA ke lie ba~dhI akabara ke kAla meM samaya sundara nAmaka jaina muni dvArA lakar3iyoM kI takhtiyoM para bhI sundara citrakArI dekhane "artha ratnAvalI" nAmaka eka grantha kI racanA kara ko milatI hai / jaisalamera ke jaina mandiroM meM aisI bAdazAha ko bheMTa kiyA gyaa| jitanI bhI lakar3I kI sacitra takhtiyA~ thIM unake citra . isa prakAra jaina dharma ke prati apanI aTUTa niSThA lekara unheM surakSita rakhA gayA hai, anya jaina zAstra ko sthira rakha jaina kalAkAroM ne jaina kalA kA jisa bhaNDAroM meM bhI aisA kie jAne kI AvazyakatA hai| dhairya, niSThA va vizvAsa ke sAtha citrAMkana kiyA vaha isa prakAra jahA~ jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM ne karor3oM vizva meM apanI sAnI nahIM rakhatA / rAjyAzrayoM ke rupayA vyaya kara kalA kA poSaNa kiyA hai vahAM jaina muniyoM vilAsitApUrNa vAtAvaraNa se vilaga tathA dhArmika ne bhI ekAgrabhAva se tanmayata pUrvaka hajAroM granthoM kI sImAoM se ba~dhe rahane ke kAraNa jaina citrakalA meM pratilipi evaM svatantra racanA kara kalA kI samRddhi meM loka jIvana kI vAstavika abhivyakti huI hai| usakI mahAna yoga diyA hai| jaina granthakAroM kI kRtiyoM meM AkRtiyoM, rekhAoM aura sAja-sajjA Adi sabhI meM eka aura viziSTa vizeSatA dekhane ko milatI hai, ki lokakalA kA samartha rUpa vidyamAna hai usameM vaise hI aneka kRtiyoM meM likhane ke bIca-bIca isa r3haga se khAlI loka saundarya evaM loka saMskRti ke tatva chipe haiM jaise sthAna chor3A gayA hai ki apane Apa chatra, kamala, sAMcI aura bharahuta kI kRtiyoM meM hai| isalie lokasvastika Adi ubhara Ate haiN| jaina citrakAroM meM jahA~ kalA kA jo vAstavika pratinidhitva jaina kalA meM jaina paramparA ke vikAsa kA bar3A mahatvapUrNa kArya samAhita hai, vaisA na to bauddha kalA meM dikhAI detA hai kiyA hai vahA~ anya paramparAoM ke vikAsa meM bhI kaI aura na rAjapUta kalA meM hai|' 7. bhAratIya citrakalA-vAcaspati gairolA, pRSTha 143 / 3 .