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________________ asamartha haiM / na kevala jaina dharma apitu sabhI AdhyAtmika dharmoM ne ekamata se isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai ki samasta duHkhoM kA mUla kAraNa Asakti, tRSNA yA mamatva buddhi hai kintu tRSNA kI samApti kA upAya icchAoM aura AkAMkSAoM kI pUrti nahIM hai| bhautikavAda hameM sukha aura suvidhA ke sAdhana to de sakatA hai kintu vaha manuSya kI Asakti yA tRSNA kA nirAkaraNa nahIM kara sktaa| isa dizA meM usakA prayatna to TahaniyoM ko kATakara jar3a ko sIMcane ke samAna hai| jaina AgamoM meM spaSTarUpa se kahA gayA hai ki tRSNA AkAza ke samAna ananta hai, usakI pUrti sambhava nahIM hai / 3 yadi hama mAnava jAti ko svArtha, hiMsA, zoSaNa, bhraSTAcAra evaM tajanita duHkhoM se mukta sandarbha meM karanA cAhate haiM to hameM bhautikavAdI dRSTi kA tyAga karake -DaoN0 sAgara AdhyAtmika dRSTi kA vikAsa karanA hogaa| zrI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha-saMsthAna, vArANasI adhyAtmavAda kyA hai ? mAnava jAti ko duHkhoM se mukta karanA hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA pramukha lakSya thaa| unhoMne isa tathya ko gaharAI kintu yahA~ hameM yaha samajha lenA hogA ki adhyAtmavAda se samajhane kA prayatna kiyA ki duHkha kA mUla kisameM hai| se hamArA kyA tAtparya hai ? adhyAtma zabda kI vyutpatti . ise spaSTa karate hue uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki adhi+Atma se hai arthAt vaha AtmA kI zreSThatA yA samasta bhautika aura mAnasika duHkhoM kA mUla vyakti kI uccatA kA sUcaka hai| AcArAMga meM isake lie kAmAsakti yA bhogAsakti hai| yadyapi bhautikavAda manuSya 'ajjhataM.4 zabda kA prayoga hai jo Antarika pavitratA kI kAmanAoM kI pUrti ke dvArA duHkhoM ke nivAraNa kA yA Antarika vizuddhi kA sUcaka hai| jaina dharma ke anusAra prayatna karatA hai kintu vaha usa kAraNa kA uccheda nahIM kara adhyAtmavAda vaha dRSTi hai jo yaha batAtI hai ki bhautika sakatA, jisase duHkha kA yaha srota prasphuTita hotA hai| sukha-suvidhAoM kI upalabdhi hI antima lakSya naha bhautikavAda ke pAsa manuSya kI kAmAsakti yA tRSNA ko daihika evaM Arthika mUlyoM ke pare ucca mUlya bhI hai aura samApta karane kA koI upAya nahIM hai| vaha icchAoM kI ina ucca mUlyoM kI upalabdhi hI jIvana kA antima pUrti ke dvArA mAnavIya AkAMkSAoM ko paritRpta karanA lakSya hai| jaina vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM adhyAtmavAda kA cAhatA hai kintu yaha agni meM DAle gaye ghRta ke samAna artha hai padArtha ko paramamUlya na mAna kara AtmA ko paramause parizAnta karane kI apekSA bar3hAtA hI hai| uttarA- mUlya maannaa| bhautikavAdI dRSTi mAnavIya duHkha aura dhyayana sUtra meM bahuta hI spaSTarUpa se kahA gayA hai ki cAhe sukha kA AdhAra vastu ko mAnakara calatI hai| usake svarNa aura rajata ke kailAsa ke samAna asaMkhya parvata bhI anusAra sukha aura duHkha vastugata tathya hai| bhautikavAdI khar3e ho jAye kintu ve manuSya kI tRSNA ko pUrA karane meM sukhoM kI lAlasA meM vastuoM ke pIche daur3atA hai aura . uttarAdhyayana , 32/6 / vahI, 6/48 / vhii| AcArAMga, 5/36,5/27 /
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________________ unakI upalabdhi hetu corI, zoSaNa evaM saMgraha jaisI vyakti kI dRSTi 'sva' meM nahIM apitu 'para' arthAta padArtha meM sAmAjika burAIyoM ko janma detA hai| isake viparIta kendrita rahatI hai| vaha 'para' meM sthita hotA hai| yaha jaina adhyAtmavAda hameM yaha sikhAtA hai ki sukha aura duHkha padArtha kendrita dRSTi hI yA 'para' meM sthita honA hI bhautikakA kendra vastu meM na hokara AtmA meM hai| jaina darzana ke vAda kA mUla AdhAra hai / jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra 'para' anusAra sukha-duHkha AtmakRta haiM / 5 ataH vAstavika Ananda arthAt Atmetara vastuoM meM apanatva kA bhAva aura padArtha kI upalabdhi padArthoM se na hokara AtmA se hotI hai| ko parama mUlya mAnanA yahI bhautikavAda yA mithyA dRSTi uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM spaSTarUpa se kahA gayA hai ki 'AtmA kA lakSaNa hai / AtmavAdI yA adhyAtmavAdI vyakti kI dRSTi hI apane sukha-duHkha kA kartA aura bhoktA hai| vahI padArtha-kendrita na hokara Atma-kendrita hotI hai| vaha AtmA apanA mitra hai aura vahI apanA zatru hai, supratiSThita ko hI parama mUlya mAnatA hai aura svasvarUpa yA svabhAvadazA arthAt sadaguNoM meM sthita AtmA mitra hai aura duSpratiSThita kI upalabdhi ko hI apanI sAdhanA kA lakSya banAtA hai| arthAta dagaNoM meM sthita AtmA zatra hai / / 6 AturaprakaraNa ise hI jena pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM samyaka dRSTi kahA nAmaka jaina grantha meM adhyAtma kA hArda spaSTa karate hue gayA hai| bhautikavAda mithyAdRSTi hai aura adhyAtmavAda kahA gayA hai ki 'zAna aura darzana se yukta zAzvata Atma- samyakdRSTi hai / tatva hI merA hai, zeSa sabhI bAhya padArtha saMyoga se upalabdha AtmA kA svarUpa evaM sAdhya : hue haiN| isalie ve mere apane nahIM haiN| ina saMyogajanya yahA~ svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai ki upalabdhiyoM ko apanA mAna lene yA una para mamatva rakhane jainadharma meM AtmA kA svarUpa kyA hai ? AcArAMga sUtra ke kAraNa hI jIva duHkha-paramparA ko prApta hotA hai ataH meM AtmA ke svarUpa lakSaNa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA una sAMyogika padArthoM ke prati mamatva bhAva kA sarvathA gayA hai ki 'jo AtmA hai vaha vijJAtA hai aura jo visarjana kara denA caahie| saMkSepa meM jena adhyAtmavAda vijJAtA hai vahI AtmA hai| isa prakAra jJAtAbhAva meM ke anusAra deha Adi sabhI Atmetara padArthoM ke prati sthita honA hI sva-svabhAva meM sthita honA hai| Adhunika mamatva buddhi kA tyAga hI sAdhanA kA mUla utsa hai| manovijJAna meM cetanA ke tIna pakSa mAne gaye haiM-jJAnAtmaka, vastutaH jahA~ adhyAtmavAda padAthe ke sthAna para AtmA ko bhAvAtmaka aura sNklpaatmk| usameM bhAvAtmaka aura apanA sAdhya mAnatA hai, vahA~ bhautikavAda meM padArtha hI saMkalpAtmaka pakSa vastutaH bhoktAbhAva aura karttAbhAva ke parama mUlya bana jAtA hai| adhyAtmavAda meM AtmA hI sUcaka haiN| jaba taka AtmA kartA ( doer ) yA bhoktA parama mUlya hotA hai| jena adhyAtmavAda Atmopalabdhi ke (enjoyer ) hotA hai taba taka vaha sva-svarUpa ko upalabdha lie padArthoM ke prati mamatva buddhi kA tyAga Avazyaka nahIM karatA hai kyoMki yahAM citta vikalpa yA AkAMkSA banI mAnatA hai| usake anusAra mamatA ke visarjana se hI rahatI hai| ataH unake dvArA citta-samAdhi yA AtmosamatA (equanimity ) kA sarjana hotA hai| palabdhi saMbhava nahIM hai| vizuddha jJAtAbhAva yA sAkSI bhAva jaina adhyAtmavAda kA lakSya Atmopalabdhi: bhI aisA tathya hai jo AtmA ko nirAkula samAdhi kI jainadharma meM mamatva ke visarjana ko hI Atmopalabdhi kA avasthA meM sthita kara duHkhoM se mukta kara sakatA hai / ekamAtra upAya isalie mAnA gayA hai ki jaba taka eka anya dRSTi se jainadharma meM AtmA kA svarUpa vyakti meM mamatva buddhi yA Asakti bhAva rahatA hai taba taka lakSaNa samatva (equanimity ) bhI batAyA gayA hai| 5 uttarAdhyayana, 2037 / 6 vhii| 7 Atura prakaraNa, 26, 27 / ' AcArAMga, 5/104 /
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________________ . bhagavatIsUtra meM gautama ne mahAvIra ke sammukha do prazna upa- hai| ataH jainadharma meM samatA ko AtmA yA cetanA kA sthita kiye-AtmA kyA hai aura usakA sAdhya kyA svabhAva kahA gayA hai aura use hI dharma ke rUpa meM paribhAhai? mahAvIra ne ina praznoM ke jo uttara diye the ve jaina / Sita kiyA gayA hai| yaha satya hai ki jainadharma meM dharmadharma ke hArda ko spaSTa kara dete haiN| unhoMne kahA thaa| sAdhanA kA mUlabhUta lakSya kAmanA, Asakti, rAga-dveSa aura ki 'AtmA samatva svarUpa hai aura samatva kI upalabdhi kara vitake Adi mAnasika asantulanoM aura tanAvoM ko samApta lenA yahI AtmA kA sAdhya hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM bhI kara anAsakta aura nirAkula vItarAga cetanA kI upalabdhi samatA ko dharma kahA gayA hai| vahAM samatA ko dharma mAnA gayA hai| Asakti yA mamatva buddhi kA lakSya rAga aura dveSa ke bhAva utpanna kara vyakti ko padArthApekSI isalie kahA gayA hai ki vaha hamArA sva-svabhAva hai aura vastu svabhAva hIdharma hai-vatthu sahAvo dhmmo| jaina dArzanikoM banAnA hai| Asakta vyakti apane ko 'para' meM khojatA ke anusAra svabhAva se bhinna Adarza kI kalpanA ayathArtha hai| jabaki anAsakti yA vItarAgatA vyakti ko 'sva' meM kendrita karatI hai / dUsare zabdoM meM jainadharma meM vItarAgatA hai / jo hamArA mUla svabhAva aura svalakSaNa hai vahI hamArA kI upalabdhi ko bhI jIvana kA parama lakSya ghoSita kiyA sAdhya ho sakatA hai| jaina paribhASA meM nitya aura gayA hai| kyoMki vItarAga hI sacce artha meM samabhAva meM athavA nirapavAda vastu dhama hI svabhAva hai| AtmA kA sva-svarUpa sAkSI bhAva meM sthita raha sakatA hai| jo cetanA samabhAva aura AtmA kA sAdhya donoM hI samatA hai| yaha bAta yA sAkSI bhAva meM sthita raha sakatI hai vahI nirAkala dazA jIva-vijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI satya siddha hotI hai| Adhunika ko prApta hotI hai aura jo nirAkula dazA ko prApta hotI jIva-vijJAna meM bhI samatva ke saMsthApana ko jIvana kA hai vahI zAzvata sukhoM kA AsvAda karatI hai| jainadharma . lakSaNa batAyA gayA hai| yadyapi dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda meM Atmopalabdhi yA svarUpa upalabdhi ko jo jIvana kA 'samatva' ke sthAna para 'saMgharSa ko jIvana kA svabhAva lakSya mAnA gayA hai vaha vastutaH vItarAga dazA meM hI sambhava batAtA hai aura kahatA hai ki 'saMgharSa hI jIvana kA niyama hai aura isIlie prakArAntara se vItarAgatA ko hI jIvana hai, mAnavIya itihAsa varga saMgharSa kI kahAnI hai|' kintu kA lakSya kahA gayA hai| vItarAgatA kA hI dUsarA nAma yaha eka mithyA dhAraNA hai| saMgharSa sadaiva hI nirAkaraNa samabhAva yA sAkSIbhAva hai| yahI samabhAva hamArA vAstakA viSaya rahA hai| koI bhI cetana sattA saMgharSazIla vika svarUpa hai| ise prApta kara lenA hI hamAre jIvana kA dazA meM nahIM rahanA caahtii| vaha saMgharSa kA nirAkaraNa parama lakSya hai / karanA hI cAhatI hai| yadi saMgharSa nirAkaraNa kI vastu hai to use svabhAva nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| saMgharSa sAdhya aura sAdhanA mArga kA AtmA se abheda : mAnava itihAsa kA eka tathya ho sakatA hai kintu vaha manuSya ke vibhAva kA itihAsa hai svabhAva kA nhiiN| jainadharma meM sAdhaka, sAdhya aura sAdhanAmArga tInoM hI caita sika jIvana meM tanAva yA vicalana pAye jAte haiM kintu AtmA se abhinna mAne gaye haiN| AtmA hI sAdhaka ve jIvana ke svabhAva nahIM haiM, kyoMki jIvana kI prakriyA hai, AtmA hI sAdhya hai aura AtmA hI sAdhanA mArga hai / sadaiva hI unheM samApta karane kI dizA meM prayAsazIla hai| adhyAtmatatvAloka meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA hI saMsAra caitasika jIvana kA mUla svabhAva yahI hai ki vaha bAhya aura hai aura AtmA hI mokSa hai| jaba taka AtmA kaSAya aura Antarika uttejanAoM evaM saMvedanAoM se utpanna vikSobhoM indriyoM ke vazIbhUta hai vaha saMsAra hai kintu, jaba vaha . ko samApta kara samatva ko banAye rakhane kA prayAsa karatA inheM apane vazIbhUta kara letA hai to mukta kahA jAtA . bhgvtii| AcArAMga, 8/31 /
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________________ hai| se AcArya amRtacandrasUri samayasAra kI TIkA meM 1 1 likhate haiM ki 'para dravya kA parihAra aura zuddha Atmatatva kI upalabdhi hI siddhi hai| 12 AcArya hemacandra ne bhI sAdhya aura sAdhaka meM bheda batAte hue yogazAstra meM kahA hai ki 'kaSAya aura indriyoM se parAjita AtmA baddha aura unako vijita karanevAlI AtmA hI prabuddha puruSoM dvArA mukta kahA jAtA hai| vastutaH AtmA kI vAsanAoM yukta avasthA hI bandhana hai aura vAsanAoM aura vikalpoM se rahita zuddha AtmadazA hI mokSa haiM / jaina adhyAtmavAda kA kathana hai ki sAdhaka kA Adarza usake bAhara nahIM varana usake andara hai| dharma sAdhanA ke dvArA jo kucha pAyA jAtA hai vaha bAhya upalabdhi nahIM apitu nija guNoM kA pUrNa prakaTana hai| hamArI mUlabhUta kSamatAyeM sAdhaka avasthA aura siddha avasthA meM samAna hI hai / sAdhaka aura siddha avasthAoM meM antara kSamatAoM kA nahIM, varan kSamatAoM kI yogyatAoM meM badala dene kA hai| jisa prakAra bIja vRkSa ke rUpa meM vikasita hone kI kSamatA rakhatA hai aura vaha vRkSa rUpa meM vikasita hokara apanI pUrNatA ko prApta kara letA hai vaise hI AtmA bhI paramAtma dazA prApta karane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai aura use upalabdha kara pUrNa ho jAtA hai| jainadharma ke anusAra apanI hI bIjarUpa kSamatAoM ko pUrNa rUpa se prakaTa karanA hI mukti hai| jaina sAdhanA 'sva' ke dvArA 'sva' ko upalabdha karanA hai| nija meM prasupta jinazva ko abhivyakta karanA hai / AtmA ko hI paramAtmA ke rUpa meM pUrNa banAnA hai / isa prakAra AtmA kA sAdhya AtmA hI hai / jainadharma kA sAdhanA mArga bhI AtmA se bhinna nahIM hai| hamArI cetanA ke hI jJAna, bhAva aura saMkalpa ke pakSa 12 13 14 15 1 6 10 adhyAtmatatvAloka 1 samayasAra TIkA / yogazAstra | samayasAra / tatvArtha sUtra 1/1 | uttarAdhyayana, 28 / 2 / 1 samyak dizA meM niyojita hokara sAdhanAmArga bana jAte haiN| jaina darzana meM samyak jJAna, samyak darzana aura samyak cAritra ko, jo mokSa mArga kahA gayA hai, usakA mUla hArda itanA hI hai ki cetanA ke zAnAtmaka, bhAvAtmaka aura saMkalpAtmaka pakSa kramazaH samyak jJAna, samyak darzana - aura samyaka cAritra ke rUpa meM sAdhanAmArga vana jAte haiN| isa prakAra sAdhanAmArga bhI AtmA hI hai / AcArya kundakunda kahate hai ki 'mokAmI ko AtmA ko jAnanA cAhie, AtmA para hI zraddhA karanI cAhie aura AtmA kI hI anubhUti ( anucaritavyazca ) karanA cAhie / samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana, pratyAkhyAna (tyAga), saMbara (saMyama ) aura yoga saba apane Apako pAne ke sAdhana haiM / kyoMki yahA~ AtmA jJAna meM haiM, darzana meM hai, tyAga meM hai, saMbara meM hai aura yoga meM hai / 14 vyavahAra naya se jinheM jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kahA gayA hai, ve nizcaya nava se to AtmA hI hai| trividha sAdhanAmArga : jainadarzana meM mokSa kI prApti ke lie trividha sAdhanAmArga batAyA gayA hai| tatvArtha sUtra meM samyak jJAna, samyak darzana aura samyak cAritra ko mokSamArga kahA gayA hai| 15 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM samyak jJAna, samyak darzana, samyak cAritra aura samyak tapa aise caturvidha mokSamArga kA bhI vidhAna hai, 16 kintu jaina acAryoM ne tapa kA antarbhAva cAritra meM karake isa trividha sAdhanA mArga ko hI mAnya kiyA hai / sambhavataH yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki trividha sAdhanAmArga kA hI vidhAna kyoM kiyA gayA hai ? vastutaH trividha
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________________ sAdhanAmArga ke vidhAna meM jainAcAryoM kI eka gahana mano- trividha sAdhanAmArga kA hI eka rUpa hai| gItA meM vaijJAnika sUjha rahI hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se mAnavIya prasaMgAntara se trividha sAdhanA mArga ke rUpa meM praNipAta, cetanA ke tIna pahalU mAne gae haiM-1 jJAna, 2 bhAva pariprazna aura sevA kA bhI ullekha hai|8 inameM praNipAta aura 3 saMkalpa / cetanA ke ina tInoM pakSoM ke samyak zraddhA kA, pariprazna jJAna kA aura sevA karma kA prativikAsa ke lie hI trividha sAdhanAmArga kA vidhAna kiyA nidhitva karate haiN| upaniSadoM meM zravaNa, manana aura nidigayA hai| cetanA ke bhAvAtmaka pakSa ko sahI dizA meM dhyAsana ke rUpa meM bhI trividha sAdhanAmArga kA prastutIkaraNa niyojita karane ke lie samyaka darzana, jJAnAtmaka pakSa ko huA hai| yadi hama gaharAI se dekheM to inameM zravaNa zraddhA sahI dizA meM niyojana ke lie jJAna aura saMkalpAtmaka ke, manana jJAna ke aura nididhyAsana karma ke antarbhata pakSa ko sahI dizA meM niyojita karane ke lie samyak ho sakate haiN| cAritra kA prAvadhAna kiyA gayA hai| pAzcAtya paramparA meM bhI tIna Adeza upalabdha hote haiM-1 svayaM ko jAno (know thyself ), 2 svayaM jaina-darzana ke samAna hI bauddha-darzana meM bhI trividha ko svIkAra karo (accept thyself ) aura 3 svayaM sAdhanAmArga kA vidhAna hai| bauddha-darzana ke isa trividha hI bana jAo (be thyself) / 19 pAzcAtya cintana ke sAdhanAmArga ke tIna aMga haiM-1 zIla, 2 samAdhi aura tIna Adeza jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke hI samakakSa haiN| 3 prajJA / '7 AtmajJAna meM jJAna kA tatva, AtmasvIkRti meM zraddhA kA .. hindU dharma ke jJAnayoga, karmayoga aura bhaktiyoga bhI tatva aura AtmanirmANa meM cAritra kA tatva upasthita hai| . cintana ke jaina darzana bauddha darzana | hindU dharma gItA upaniSad pAzcAtyadarzana / manana samyak jJAna samyak darzana samyak cAritra prajJA samAdhi zIla jJAna bhakti pariprazna praNipAta zravaNa nididhyAsana know thyself accept thyself be thyself karma sevA trividha sAdhanAmArga tathA mukti : uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke anusAra darzana ke binA jJAna nahIM kucha bhAratIya vicArakoM ne isa trividha sAdhanAmArga hotA aura jJAna ke abhAva meM AcaraNa samyaka nahIM hotA ke kisI eka hI pakSa ko mokSa prApti kA sAdhana hai aura samyak AcaraNa ke abhAva meM mukti bhI nahIM hotI hai / 20 isa prakAra mukti kI prApti ke lie tInoM hI mAna liyA hai / AcArya zaMkara mAtra jJAna se aura rAmAnuja / mAtra bhakti se mukti kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra karate haiN| agA kA honA Avazyaka hai| lekina jaina dArzanika aise kisI ekAntavAditA meM nahIM samyak dazana kA atha girate haiN| unake anusAra to jJAna, karma aura bhakti kI samaveta sAdhanA hI mokSa kI prApti kA mArga hai| inameM se jaina AgamoM meM darzana zabda aneka arthoM meM prayukta kisI eka ke abhAva meM mokSa kI prApti sambhava nahIM hai| huA hai aura isake artha ke sambandha meM jaina paramparA meM 17 suttanipAta, 28/8 / 18 gItA, 4/34 / 19 Psychology and Morals, p 32. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 28/30 / [ 11
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________________ kAphI vivAda rahA hai / darzana zabda ko jJAna se alaga karate hue vicArakoM ne darzana ko antarbodha, prazA aura jJAna ko bauddhika jJAna kahA hai / darzana zabda kA dRSTikoNa - paraka artha bhI liyA gayA hai / prAcIna jainAgamoM meM darzana zabda ke sthAna para dRSTi zabda kA prayoga usake dRSTikoNaparaka artha kA dyotaka hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra tathA tattvArthasUtra meM darzana zabda kA artha tatvazraddhA bhI mAnA gayA hai / 21 paravartI jaina sAhitya meM darzana zabda ko deva guru aura dharma ke prati zraddhA yA bhakti ke artha meM bhI prayukta kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM samyak darzana Atma-sAkSAtkAra, tatva addhA, antabaMdha, dRSTikoNa, zraddhA aura bhakti Adi aneka arthoM ko apane meM sameTe hai| samyak darzana ko cAhe yathArtha dRSTi kaheM yA tatvArtha zraddhA usameM vAstavikatA kI dRSTi se adhika antara nahIM hotA hai| antara hotA hai unakI upalabdhi kI vidhi meM / eka vaijJAnika svataH prayoga ke AdhAra para kisI satya kA udghATana kara vastutatva ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai kintu dUsarA vyakti aise vaijJAnika ke kathanoM para vizvAsa karake bhI vastutatva ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai / yadyapi yahA~ donoM kA hI dRSTikoNa yathArtha hogA, phira bhI eka ne use svAnubhUti meM pAyA hai to dUsare ne use zraddhA ke mAdhyama se / zraddhA hI samyaka dRSTi ho to bhI vaha artha antima nahIM hai, antima artha svAnubhUti hI hai aura yahI samyaka darzana kA vAstavika artha hai| aisA samyagdarzana hotA hai nirvikAra nirAkula cittavRtti se, ataH prakArAntara se use bhI samyagdRSTi kahA jAtA hai / samyaka darzana ke pA~ca lakSaNa : jaina dharma meM samyak darzana ke nimna pA~ca lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM- ( 1 ) sama arthAt samabhAva, (2) saMvega arthAt AtmA ke Anandamaya svarUpa kI anubhUti athavA satyAbhIpsA, (2) nirveda arthAt anAsakti yA vairAgya, 21 uttarAdhyayana, 28/35 ; tattvArtha sUtra, 1 / 2 / 22 Atmasiddhi, pR0 43 | 12] (4) anukampA arthAta dUsare vyakti kI pIr3A ko Atma pIr3A samajhanA aura usake prati kapaNA kA bhAva rakhanA aura (5) Astikya arthAt puNya-pApa, punarjanma, karma - siddhAnta aura AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karanA / samyak darzana ke chaH sthAna : jisa prakAra bauddha sAdhanA ke anusAra duHkha hai, duHkha kA kAraNa hai, duHkha se nivRtti ho sakatI hai aura duHkhanivRtti kA mArga hai ina cAra Arya satyoM kI svIkRti samyak dRSTi hai, usI prakAra jaina-sAdhanA ke anusAra SaT sthAnaka (chaH bAtoM) kI svIkRti samyak darzana hai- (1) AtmA hai, (2) AtmA nitya hai, (3) AtmA apane karmoM kA kartA hai, (4) AtmA kRta karmoM ke phala kA bhoktA hai, (5) AtmA mukti prApta kara sakatA hai aura (6) mukti kA upAya (mArga) hai| 12 jaina tatva vicAraNA ke anusAra ina SaTsthAnakoM para pratIti samyagdarzana kI sAdhanA kA Avazyaka aMga hai| dRSTikoNa kI vizuddhatA evaM sadAcAra donoM hI ina para nirbhara hai ye pada sthAnaka jaina sAdhanA ke kendra bindu haiN| ; samyak jJAna kA artha : dRSTikoNa kI vizuddhi para hI zAna kI samyaktvatA nirbhara karatI hai / ataH jaina sAdhanA kA dUsarA caraNa hai samyagjJAna / samyaka jJAna kI mukti kA sAdhana svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, lekina kauna-sA jJAna mukti ke lie Avazyaka hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai| jaina darzana meM samyak jJAna ke do rUpa pAye jAte haiN| sAmAnya dRSTi se samyak jJAna vastu tatva kA usake ananta pahaluoM se yukta jJAna hai aura isa rUpa meM vaha vicAra zuddhi kA mAdhyama hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra ekAMgI jJAna mithyAtva hai kyoMki vaha satya ke ananta pakSoM kA apalApa karatA hai| jaba taka Agraha buddhi hai taba taka vItarAgatA sambhava hI nahIM hai aura jaba taka vItarAga dRSTi nahIM hai taba taka yathArtha jJAna bhI
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________________ asambhava hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra satya ke ananta sAra meM isa bheda-vijJAna kA atyanta gahana vivecana kiyA pahaluoM ko jAnane ke lie anekAnta dRSTi samyak-jJAna hai kintu vistArapUrvaka yaha vivecana yahA~ sambhava nahIM kI anivArya zarta hai| ekAnta dRSTi yA vaicArika Agraha hai|24 apane meM nihita chadma rAga ke kAraNa satya ko raMgIna kara samyak cAritra kA artha : detA hai| ataH ekAnta aura Agraha satya ke sAkSAtkAra meM bAdhaka hai| jaina sAdhanA kI dRSTi se vItarAgatA ko jena paramparA meM sAdhanA kA tIsarA caraNa samyaka upalabdha karane ke lie vaicArika Agraha kA parityAga aura cAritra hai| isake do rUpa mAne gae haiM-(1) vyavahAra anAgrahI dRSTi kA nirmANa Avazyaka hai aura isake mAdhyama cAritra aura (2) nizcaya caaritr| AcaraNa kA bAhya se prApta jJAna hI samyak jJAna hai| samyajJAna kA artha hai pakSa yA AcaraNa ke vidhi-vidhAna vyavahAra cAritra kahe jAte vastu ko usake ananta pahaluoM se jaannaa| haiN| jabaki AcaraNa kI antarAtmA nizcaya cAritra kahI jAtI hai| jahA~ taka naitikatA ke vaiyaktika dRSTikoNa kA jainadharma meM eka anya dRSTi se samyak jJAna Atma- prazna hai athavA vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA prazna anAtma kA viveka hai| yaha sahI hai ki Atmatatva ko hai, nizcayAtmaka cAritra hI usakA mUlabhUta AdhAra hai / jJAna kA viSaya nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai, use jJAtA-jJaya * lekina jahA~ taka sAmAjika jIvana kA prazna hai, cAritra ke dvauta ke AdhAra para nahIM jAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki kA bAhya pakSa hI pramukha hai| vaha svayaM jJAna-svarUpa hai, jJAtA hai aura jJAtA kabhI jJaya nizcaya dRSTi ( real view point ) se cAritra nahIM bana sakatA ataH AtmajJAna durUha hai| lekina anAtma kA saccA artha samabhAva yA samatva kI upalabdhi hai| kA sAmanA samabhAva tatvAto aisA hai jise hama jJAtA aura jJaya ke dUta ke AdhAra mAnasika yA ceta sika jIvana meM samatva kI upalabdhi hI para jAna sakate haiM / sAmAnya vyakti bhI apane sAdhAraNa jJAna cAritra kA pAramArthika yA naizcayika pakSa hai| vastutaH ke dvArA itanA to jAna hI sakatA hai ki usake jJAna ke cAritra kA yaha pakSa Atma-ramaNa kI sthiti hai| nezcayika viSaya kyA haiM ? aura dUsare vaha yaha niSkarSa nikAla sakatA cAritra kA prAdarbhAva kevala apramatta avasthA meM hI hotA hai ki jo usake jJAna ke viSaya haiM ve usake svasvarUpa nahIM __ hai| apramatta cetanA kI avasthA meM hone vAle sabhI kArya haiM, ve anAtma haiM / samyak-jJAna AtmajJAna hai, kintu AtmA zuddha hI mAne gae haiN| cetanA meM jaba rAga, dveSa, kaSAya ko anAtma ke mAdhyama se hI pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / aura vAsanAoM kI agni pUrI taraha zAMta ho jAtI hai tabhI anAtma ke svarUpa ko jAnakara anAtma se Atma kA bheda sacce naitika evaM dhArmika jIvana kA udbhava hotA hai aura karanA yahI bheda-vijJAna hai aura yahI jaina-darzana meM samyaka aisA hI sadAcAra mokSa kA kAraNa hotA hai| sAdhaka jaba jJAna kA mUla artha hai / jIvana kI pratyeka kriyA ke sampAdana meM Atma-jAgrata hotA hai, usakA AcaraNa bAhya AvegoM aura vAsanAoM se isa prakAra jaina-darzana meM samyak jJAna Atma-anAtma kA cAlita nahIM hotA hai tabhI vaha sacce arthoM meM naizcayika viveka hai| jainoM kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM ise bheda cAritra kA pAlanakartA mAnA jAtA hai| yahI naizcayika vijJAna kahA jAtA hai| AcArya amRta candra sUri ke anusAra cAritra mukti kA sopAna kahA gayA hai| jo 'koI siddha hue haiM ve isa Atma-anAtma ke viveka yA bheda-vijJAna se hI siddha hue haiM aura jo bandhana meM haiM, ve isake vyavahAra cAritra-vyavahAra cAritra kA sambandha AcAra abhAva ke kAraNa hI haiM / ' 23 AcArya kundakunda ne samaya- ke niyamoM ke paripAlana se hai / vyavahAra cAritra ko deza 23 samayasAra TIkA, 132 ! 24 dekheM0 jaina bauddha aura gItA kA sAdhanAmArga, adhyAya 5 / [ 13
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________________ vratI cAritra aura sarvavatI cAritra aise do vargoM meM vibhAjita darzana meM AcaraNa ke pUrva samyaka jJAna kA honA Avazyaka kiyA gayA hai| dezavatI cAritra kA sambandha gRhastha hai phira bhI ve yaha svIkAra nahIM karate haiM ki akelA jJAna upAsakoM se aura sarvavatI cAritra kA sambandha zramaNa varga se hI mukti kA sAdhana ho sakatA hai| mahAvIra ne jJAna aura hai| jaina-paramparA meM gRhasthAcAra ke antargata aSTamUlaguNa, AcaraNa donoM se samanvita sAdhanA-patha kA upadeza diyA bAraha vrata aura gyAraha pratimAoM kA pAlana hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM mahAvIra kahate haiM ki 'manuSya cAhe vaha AtA hai / zramaNAcAra ke antargata paMcamahAvrata, rAtribhojana brAhmaNa ho, bhikSuka ho athavA aneka zAstroM kA jAnakAra niSedha, paMcasamiti, tIna gupti, dasa yatidharma, bAraha ho yadi usakA AcaraNa acchA nahIM hai to vaha apane kRtya anuprekSAeM, bAIsa parISaha, aTThAisa mUlaguNa, bAvana anAcAra karmoM ke kAraNa duHkhI hI hogaa|27 uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM Adi kA vivecana upalabdha hai| isake atirikta bhojana, kahA gayA hai ki 'aneka bhASAoM evaM zAstroM kA vastra, AvAsa sambandhI vidhi-niSedha hai| AtmA ko zaraNabhUta nahIM hotaa| durAcaraNa meM anurakta apane Apako paMDita mAnane vAle loga vastutaH mUrkha hI sAdhanatraya kA pUrvApara sambandha : haiN| ve kevala vacanoM se hI apanI AtmA ko AzvAsana darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI pUrvAparatA ko lekara dete haiM / 28 Avazyaka niyukti meM jJAna aura AcaraNa ke jaina vicAraNA meM koI vivAda nahIM hai| jaina AgamoM meM pArasparika sambandha kA vivecana atyanta vistRta rUpa se darzana kI prAthamikatA batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki samyak kiyA gayA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu kahate haiM ki 'AcaraNadarzana ke abhAva meM samyaka cAritra nahIM hotaa| bhakta vihIna aneka zAstroM ke jJAtA bhI saMsAra-samudra se pAra parijJA meM kahA gayA hai ki darzana se bhraSTa ( patita ) hI nahIM hote / ' jJAna aura kriyA ke pArasparika sambandha ko vAstavika rUpa meM bhraSTa haiM, cAritra se bhraSTa bhUSTa nahIM haiM loka prasiddha aMdha paMgu nyAya ke AdhAra para spaSTa karate hue kyoMki jo darzana se yukta hai vaha saMsAra meM adhika paribhUmaNa AcArya likhate haiM ki jisa prakAra eka cakra se ratha nahIM nahIM karatA jabaki darzana se bhraSTa vyakti saMsAra se mukta calatA hai yA akelA aMdhA athavA akelA paMgu icchita nahIM hotA hai|25 kadAcita cAritra se rahita siddha bhI sAdhya ko nahIM pahaMcatA vese hI mAtra jJAna athavA mAtra ho jAve lekina darzana se rahita kabhI bhI mukta nahIM hotaa| kriyA se mukti nahIM hotI. apita donoM ke sahayoga se hI vastutaH dRSTikoNa yA zraddhA hI eka aisA tatva hai jo makti hotI hai / 2. vyakti ke jJAna aura AcaraNa ko sahI dizA nirdeza kara sakatA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu AcArAMga niyukti meM kahate jaina parva kI AdhyAtmika prakRti : haiM ki samyak dRSTi se hI tapa, jJAna aura sadAcaraNa saphala na kevala jaina sAdhanA paddhati kI prakRti hI adhyAtmahote haiM / 26 vAdI hai apitu jaina parva bhI mUlataH AdhyAtmavAdI hI hai| jahA~ taka jJAna aura cAritra kA sambandha hai jaina jaina parva Amoda-pramoda ke lie na hokara Atma-sAdhanA vicArakoM ne cAritra ko jJAna ke bAda hI sthAna diyA hai| aura tapa-sAdhanA ke lie hote haiM / unameM mukhyataH tapa, tyAga, uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhI yahI batAyA gayA hai ki samyaka vrata evaM upavAsoM kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| jainoM ke prasiddha jJAna ke abhAva meM sadAcaraNa nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra jaina pavoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM paryaSaNa parva aura digambara 25 bhaktaparijJA, 65-66 / 26 AcArAMganiyukti, 221 / sUtrakRtAMga, 2/1/3 / 28 uttarAdhyayana, 6/6-11 / 29 Avazyakaniyukti, 65-67 / 14 ]
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________________ paramparA meM daza lakSaNa parva hai jo bhAdrapada meM manAye jAte haiM / ina dinoM meM jina pratimAoM kI pUjA, upavAsa Adi vrata tathA dharma-panthoM kA svAdhyAya vahI sAdhakoM kI dinacaryA ke pramukha aMga hote haiN| ina parvoM ke dinoM meM jahA~ digambara paramparA meM pratidina kSamA, vinamratA, saralatA, pavitratA, satya, saMyama, brahmacarya Adi dasa dharmoM (sadguNoM) kI viziSTa sAdhanA kI jAtI hai vahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA meM ina dinoM meM pratikramaNa ke rUpa meM Atma-paryAvalocana kiyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA kA antima dina saMvatsarI parva ke nAma se manAyA jAtA hai aura isa dina samagra varSa ke cAritrika skhalana yA asadAcaraNa aura vaira virodha ke lie Atma-paryAvalocana ( pratikramaNa ) kiyA jAtA hai evaM prAyazcitta grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / isa dina zatru mitra Adi sabhI se kSamA-yAcanA kI jAtI hai| isa dina jaina sAdhaka kA mukhya udghoSa hotA hai - 'maiM saba jIvoM ko kSamA pradAna karatA hU~ sabhI jIva mujhe kSamA pradAna kareM | sabhI prANI varga se merI mitratA hai aura kisI se koI baira virodha nahIM hai| ina parva dinoM meM ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA aura karavAnA bhI eka pramukha kArya hotA hai| prAcIna kAla meM aneka jainAcAyoM ne apane prabhAva se zAsakoM dvArA ina dinoM ko ahiMsaka dinoM ke rUpa meM ghoSita karavAyA thaa| isa pramukha parva ke atirikta aSTAnhikA parvata paMcamI tathA vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke garbha-praveza, janma, dIkSA, kaivalya prApti evaM nirvANa divasoM ko bhI parva ke rUpa meM manAyA jAtA hai / ina dinoM meM bhI sAmAnyatayA mata rakhA jAtA hai aura jina pratimAoM kI vizeSa samAroha ke sAtha pUjA kI jAtI hai| dIpAvalI kA parva bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa divasa ke rUpa meM jaina samudAya ke dvArA bar3e utsAha ke sAtha manAyA jAtA hai| jena adhyAtmavAda aura loka kalyANa ke prazna yaha satya hai ki jainadharma saMnyAsa mArgI dharma hai| usakI sAMdhanA meM Atma zuddhi aura Atmopalabdhi para adhika jora diyA gayA hai kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki jaina dharma praznavyAkaraNa 2/2/2 30 maiM loka maMgala yA loka kalyANa kA koI sthAna hI nahIM hai| jainadharma yaha to avazya mAnatA hai ki vaiyaktika sAdhanA kI dRSTi se ekAkI jIvana adhika upayukta hai / kintu isake sAtha hI vaha yaha bhI mAnatA hai ki usa sAdhanA se prApta siddhi kA upayoga sAmAjika kalyANa kI dizA meM honA caahie| mahAvIra kA jIvana svayaM isa bAta kA sAkSI hai| 12 varSoM taka ekAkI sAdhanA karane ke pazcAt ve punaH sAmAjika jIvana meM lauTa aaye| unhoMne caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kI tathA jIvana bhara usakA mArgadarzana karate rahe / jainadharma sAmAjika kalyANa aura sAmAjika sevA ko Avazyaka to mAnatA hai, kintu vaha vyakti ke sudhAra se samAja ke sudhAra kI dizA meM Age bar3hatA hai| vyakti samAja kI prathama ikAI hai / jaba taka vyakti nahIM sudharegA taba taka samAja nahIM sudhara sakatA / jaba taka vyakti ke jIvana meM naitika aura AdhyAtmika cetanA kA vikAsa nahIM hotA taba taka sAmAjika jIvana meM suvyavasthA aura zAnti kI sthApanA nahIM ho sakatI / jo vyakti apane svArthI aura vAsanAoM para niyantraNa nahIM kara sakatA vaha kabhI sAmAjika ho hI nahIM sakatA / loka-sevaka aura jana-sevaka apane vyaktigata svArthoM aura dvandvoM se dUra raheM yaha jaina AcAra saMhitA kA AdhArabhUta siddhAnta hai caritrahIna vyakti sAmAjika jIvana ke lie ghAtaka hI siddha hoNge| vyaktigata svArthoM kI pUrti ke nimitta jo saMgaThana yA samudAya banate haiM ve sAmAjika jIvana ke sacce pratinidhi nahIM hai / kyA cora, DAkU aura zoSakoM kA samAja, samAja kahalAne kA adhikArI hai ? mahAvIra kI zikSA kA sAra yahI hai ki vaiyaktika jIvana meM nivRtti hI sAmAjika kalyANa ke kSetra meM pravRtti kA AdhAra bana sakatI hai| prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAna kA yaha sukathita pravacana saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke rakSaNa evaM karuNA ke lie hai| jena sAdhanA meM ahiMsA, satya, steya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ke jo pAMca vrata mAne gaye haiM ve kevala vaiyaktika sAdhanA ke lie nahIM hai, ve sAmAjika maMgala ke lie bhI hai| Atma zuddhi ke sAtha hI hamAre sAmAjika sambandhoM kI zuddhi kA prayAsa bhI hai| ve - [ 15
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________________ jaina dArzanikoM ne Atmahita kI apekSA lokahita ko sadaiva bhautikavAda meM antara spaSTa karatI hai| bhautikavAda meM hI mahatva diyA hai| jainadharma meM tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara aura bhautika upalabdhiyAM yA jaivika mUlya sAmAnya kevalI ke jo Adarza sthApita kiye gaye haiM aura antima hai, jabaki adhyAtma meM ve kinhIM ucca mUlyoM kA unameM jo tAratamyatA nizcita kI gaI hai usakA AdhAra sAdhana hai| jainadharma kI bhASA meM kaheM to sAdhanA ke dvArA vizva-kalyANa, varga-kalyANa aura vyakti-kalyANa kI vastuoM kA grahaNa, donoM hI saMyama ( rAmatva ) kI sAdhanA bhAvanA hI hai| isa tripuTI meM vizva-kalyANa ke lie ke lie hai| jainadharma kI sampUrNa sAdhanA kA mUla lakSya to pravatti karane ke kAraNa hI tIrthakara ko sarvocca sthAna prApta eka aise nirAkula, nirvikAra, niSkAma aura vItarAga mAnasa hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM grAmadharma, nagaradharma, rASTradharma Adi kI abhivyakti hai jo ki vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jIvana ke kI upasthiti isa bAta kA spaSTa pramANa hai ki jaina sAdhanA samasta tanAvoM evaM saMgharSoM ko samApta kara sake / usake sAmane kevala Atmahita yA vaiyaktika vikAsa taka hI sImita nahIM mUla prazna dehika evaM bhautika mUlyoM kI svIkRti yA hai varan usameM lokahita yA loka kalyANa kI pravRtti bhI asvIkRti kA nahIM hai apitu vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika pAyI jAtI hai| jIvana meM zAnti kI saMsthApanA hai| ataH jahAM taka aura jisa rUpa meM dehika aura bhautika upalabdhiyAM usameM kyA jainadharma jIvana kA niSedha sikhAtA hai ? sAdhaka ho sakatI haiM, vahAM taka ve svIkArya haiM, aura jahAM taka ve usameM bAdhaka haiM, vahIM taka tyAjya haiN| bhagavAna jainadharma meM tapa-tyAga kI jo mahimA gAyI gaI hai mahAvIra ne AcArAMga evaM uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM isa bAta usake AdhAra para bhAnti phelAI jAtI hai ki jainadharma jIvana kA niSedha sikhAtA hai ataH yahA~ isa bhrAnti kA . ko bahuta hI spaSTatA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki 'jaba indriyoM kA apane viSayoM se samparka hotA hai, nirAkaraNa kara denA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA ki jainadharma taba usa samparka ke pariNAmasvarUpa sukhada-duHkhada anubhUti ke tapa-tyAga kA artha zArIrika evaM bhautikI jIvana kii| asvIkRti nahIM hai| AdhyAtyika mUlyoM kI svIkRti bhI hotI hai aura jIvana meM yaha zakya nahIM hai ki indriyoM kA apane viSayoM se samparka na ho aura usake kAraNa sukhada yA kA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki zArIrika evaM bhautika mUlyoM kI pUrNatayA upekSA kI jaave| jainadharma ke anusAra zArI- duHkhada anubhUti na ho, ataH tyAga indriyAnubhUti kA nahIM apitu usake prati citta meM utpanna honevAle rAga-dveSa kA rika mUlya adhyAtma ke bAdhaka nahIM, sAdhaka haiN| nizItha bhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki mokSa kA sAdhana jJAna hai, jJAna kA karanA hai,33 kyoMki indriyoM ke manojJa yA amanojJa viSaya Asaktacitta ke lie hI rAga-dveSa ( mAnasika sAdhana zarIra hai, zarIra kA AdhAra AhAra hai / 32 zarIra vikSobhoM) kA kAraNa banate haiM anAsakta yA vItarAga ke zAzvata Ananda ke kUla para le jAne vAlI naukA hai| isa lie nahIM / 34 ataH jainadharma kI mUla zikSA mamatva ke dRSTi se usakA mUlya bhI hai, mahatva bhI hai aura usakI visarjana kI hai, jIvana ke niSedha kI nahIM / sAra-sambhAla bhI karanI hai| kintu dhyAna rahe dRSTi naukA para nahIM kUla para honA hai, naukA sAdhana hai sAdhya nhiiN| jaina adhyAtmavAda kI vizeSatAeM: bhautika evaM zArIrika AvazyakatAoM kI eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkRti jainadharma aura sampUrNa adhyAtma vidyA kA (ka) Izvara vAda se mukti-jena adhyAtmavAda ne manuSya hArda hai| yaha vaha vibhAjana rekhA hai jo adhyAtma aura ko IzvarIya dAsatA se mukta kara mAnavIya svatantratA kI 31 sthAnAMga, 10 / nizIthabhASya, 47/41 / AcArAMga, 2/15 / 34. uttarAdhyayana, 32/101 / 16 ]
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________________ pratiSThA kI hai| usane yaha udghoSa kiyA ki na (ga) yajJa Adi bAhya kriyA-kANDoM kA AdhyAtmika to Izvara aura na koI anya zakti hI mAnava kI artha-jaina paramparA ne yajJa, tIrtha-snAna Adi dharma ke nirdhAraka hai / manuSya svayaM hI apanA nirmAtA hai| jainadharma nAma para kiye jAnevAle bAhya kriyAkANDoM kI na ne kisI vizva niyantA Izvara ko svIkAra karane ke sthAna kevala AlocanA kI apitu unheM eka AdhyAtmika para manuSya meM Izvaratva kI pratiSThA kI aura yaha batAyA artha bhI pradAna kiyaa| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM yajJa ke ki vyakti hI apanI sAdhanA ke dvArA paramAtma-dazA ko AdhyAtmika svarUpa kA savistAra vivecana hai / usameM kahA prApta kara sakatA hai| usane kahA 'appA so paramappA' gayA hai ki jIvAtmA agnikuNDa hai| mana, vacana, kAyA arthAt AtmA hI paramAtmA hai| manuSya ko kisI kI kI pravRttiyAM hI kalachI (cammaca ) hai aura kamoM kRpAkAMkSI na banakara svayaM hI puruSArtha ke dvArA paramAtma- (pApoM) kA naSTa karanA hI Ahuti hai| yahI yajJa pada ko prApta karanA hai| zAntidAyaka hai aura RSiyoM ne aise hI yajJa kI prazaMsA (kha) mAnava mAtra kI samAnatA kA udaghoSa- kI hai / " tIrtha-snAna ko bhI AdhyAtmika-artha pradAna jainadharma kI dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usane varNavAda karate hue kahA gayA hai ki dharma jalAzaya hai / brahmacarya ghATa jAtivAda Adi una sabhI avadhAraNAoM kI jo manaSya- (tIrtha ) hai; usameM snAna karane se hI AtmA nirmala aura manuSya meM U~ca-nIca kA bheda utpanna karatI hai asvIkAra zuddha ho jAtI hai / 26 zuddha / kiyaa| usake anusAra sabhI manuSya samAna haiN| manuSyoM meM zreSThatA aura kaniSThatA kA AdhAra na to jAti (gha) dAna, dakSiNA Adi ke sthAna para saMyama kI vizeSa yA kula vizeSa meM janma lenA hai aura na sattA aura zreSThatA-yadyapi jena paramparA ne dharma ke cAra aMgoM - sampatti hii| vaha varNa, raMga, jAti, sampatti aura sattA meM dAna ko sthAna diyA hai kintu vaha yaha mAnatI hai ki ke sthAna para AcaraNa kI zreSThatA kA pratipAdana karatA dAna kI apekSA bhI saMyama hI zreSTha hai| uttarAdhyayana meM hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke 12 veM evaM 25 veM adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki prati mAsa sahasroM gAyoM kA dAna karane varNa-vyavasthA aura brAhmaNa kI zreSThatA kI avadhAraNA para kI apekSA saMyama kA pAlana adhika zreSTha hai| karArI coTa karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo sarvathA anAsakta, medhAvI aura sadAcArI hai vahI saccA brAhmaNa hai isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina paramparA ne dharma aura vahI zreSTha hai na ki kisI kula vizeSa meM janma ko rUr3hivAditA aura karmakANDoM se mukta karake AdhyAlenevAlA vykti| tmikatA se sampanna banAyA hai| uttarAdhyayana, 12/44 / vahI, 12/46 / [ 17