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________________ aneka udbhAvanAyeM prastuta kI haiN| yahA~ saMkSepa meM ina AcAryoM ke yogadAna kI carcA kI jA rahI hai| jaina-AcAryoM kA saMskRta kAvyazAstra hemacandra aise jana-AcArya haiM, jinhoMne aneka granthoM kI racanA kI hai| inhoMne apanI sevA aura sAdhanA se vidvatparamparA kI sarjanA kii| inakA janma 1090 I. meM gujarAta prAnta ke dhundhukA grAma meM vaizya vaMza meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma cacibha aura mAtA kA nAma cAhiNI yA pAhiNI thaa| dIkSita hone ke pahale inakA nAma caGgadeva thA / inhoMne ATha varSa kI avasthA meM devacandrasUri se jaina-dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| ikkIsa varSa kI avasthA meM 'sUri' pada prApta hone para ye 'hemacandra' nAma se prasiddha hue| meM yogadAna DA0 amaranAtha pANDeya jayasiMha siddharAja (1093.1143 I.) aura kumArapAla (1143-1173 I.) se AcArya hemacandra ko atyadhika sammAna milA thaa| hemacandra ke aneka yogya ziSya the, jinameM rAmacandra, guNacandra, vardhamAnagaNi, mahendrasari, devacandramuni, yazazcandragaNi Adi the| hemacandra ne vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, darzana Adi ke kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai| inakA kAvyazAstra viSayaka saMskRta-sAhitya ke vibhinna kSetroM meM jainoM kA grantha 'kAvyAnuzAsana' atyadhika prasiddha hai| isa para yogadAna rahA hai| kAvyazAstra ke kSetra meM bhI unakI lekhaka kI apanI TIkA hai / isa grantha ke tIna bhAga haiMsevA mahanIya hai / aise aneka AcArya hue haiM, jinhoMne sUtra (gadya), vRtti aura udAharaNa / sUtrabhAga kA nAma kAvyazAstra ke siddhAntoM kI sUkSma parIkSA kI hai aura kAvyAnuzAsana, vRttibhAga kA nAma alaGkAracUDAmaNi 1. hemacandra ke jIvana ke sambandha meM vizeSa jJAna ke lie draSTavya-prabhAcandra viracita prabhAvakacarita, merutuGgasUri viracita prabandhacintAmaNi, rAjazekharasUri viracita pravandhakoSa, somaprabhasUri viracita kumArapAlapratibodha, bUlara-kRta 'lAipha oNpha hemacandra' Adi /
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________________ tathA udAharaNabhAga kA nAma viveka hai / isameM ATha vidyAtrayIcaNamacumbitakAvyatandra adhyAya haiN| prathama meM kAvya ke uddezya, hetu Adi, dvitIya kastaM na veda sukRtI kila rAmacandram / / meM rasa, tRtIya meM doSa, caturtha meM guNa, paJcama meM zabdA rAmacandra 'prabandhazatakartA' ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| laGkAra, SaSTha meM arthAlaGkAra, saptama meM nAyaka-nAyikA inakI 39 kRtiyoM kA patA calatA hai, jinameM nATyadarpaNa, ke guNa aura prakAra tathA aSTama meM dRzya aura zravya nalavilAsanATaka, nirbhayabhImavyAyoga, satyaharizcandra kAvya ke bhedopabhedoM tathA lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai| ' nATaka, kumAravihArazataka, kaumudImitrANanda Adi kAvyAnuzAsana ke atirikta inake grantha siddhama- amukha h| rAmacandra aura gUNacandra ne nATayadarpaNa kI racanA mana, dvayAzraya mahAkAvya, saptasandhAna mahAkAvya, kI hai| nATyadarpaNa cAra vivekoM meM vibhakta hai| isameM viSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, pramANamImAMsA Adi haiN| kArikAe~ haiM aura una para granthakAroM kI vivati hai| isameM dazarUpakoM ke atirikta do saMGkIrNa bhedoM-nATikA hemacandra ke ziSyoM meM rAmacandra aura gaNacandra prati- aura prakaraNI kA bhI nirUpaNa huA hai| bhA sampanna vidvAn the / rAmacandra ke jIvana kA anta duHkhamaya thA, kyoMki ye andhe ho gaye the / jaryAsaha granthakAroM ne aneka sthaloM para dazarUpakakAra ke siddharAja ne rAmacandra ko 'kavikaTAramalla' upAdhi se mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai| alakRta kiyA thaa| rAmacandra-nyAya, vyAkaraNa aura dazarUpakakAra ke anusAra nATaka kA nAyaka dhIronAhitya meM niSNAta the| unhoMne raghuvilAsa kI prastAbanA dAtta honA cAhie,, kintu nATyadarpaNa ke AcAryoM ke meM apane ko 'vidyAtrayIcaNa' kahA hai anusAra dhIralalita bhI nATaka kA nAyaka ho sakatA hai|' 'paJcaprabandhamiSapaJcamukhAnakena vidvanmanaHsadasi nRtyati yasya kItiH / dazarUpakakAra amAtya ko dhIraprazAnta nAyaka mAnate haiN| rAmacandra aura guNacandra amAtya ko dhIrodAtta 2. nATyadarpaNa (dillI vizvavidyAlaya kA saMskaraNa) kI prastAvanA, pR. 16 3. 'abhigamya guNayukto dhIrodAttaH pratApavAn / ___ kItikAmo mahotsAhastrayyAstrAtA mahIpatiH // '. dazarUpaka (cau. saM.) 3/22-23 4. 'ye tu nATakasya netAraM dhIrodAttameva pratijAnate, na te muninayAdhyavagAhinaH / nATakeSu dhIralalitAdInAmapi ___nAyakanA darzanAta kavisamayabAhyAzca / nATyadarpaNa 1/7 kI vivRti / 5. atha prakaraNe vRttamutpAdya lokasaMzrayam / amAtyavipravaNijAmekaM kuryAcca nAyakam // dhIraprazAntaM sApAyaM dharmakAmArthatatparam / dazarUpaka 3139-40 250 .
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________________ mAnate haiN| ve dazarUpakakAra dvArA diye gaye amAtya ke pramAcandrAcArya ke prabhAvaka carita se jJAta hotA hai 'dhIraprazAnta' vizeSaNa ko ThIka nahIM maante| ki vAgbhaTa ne apane dhana se jaina-mandira kA nirmANa karAyA thA, jisameM zrImahAvIra kI pratiSThA saMvat granthakAroM ne aneka sthaloM para dhanaJjaya ke mata 1 179 meM kI gayI thIkA ullekha anye, kecita Adi ke dvArA kiyA hai| athAsti bAhaDo nAma dhanavAna dhAmikAgraNIH / nATyadarpaNakAroM ne mammaTa ke bhI mata kA khaNDana garUpAdAn praNamyAtha cakra vijJApanAmasau // kiyA hai mammaTa ne aGga-rasa ke ativistAra ko rasa- AdizyatAmatizlAdhyaM kRtyaM yatra dhanaM vyaye / doSa mAnA hai ora hayagrIvavadha ke hayagrIva-varNana ko prabhUrAhAlaye jaine dravyasya saphalo vyayaH / / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / ' nATyadarpaNa ke zatakAdazake sASTasaptatau vikramArkataH / AcAryoM kI mAnyatA hai ki yaha vRtta (kathA) kA doSa vatsarANAM vyatikrAnte zrImunicandrasUrayaH // hai, rasa kA doSa nhiiN|' ArAdhanAvidhizrISThaM kRtvA prAyopavezanam / zamapIyuSakallolaplatAste tridivaM yayuH / rAmacandra aura guNacandra ke maulika vicAra aneka vatsare tatra caikena pUrNe zrIdevasUribhiH / sthAnoM para upalabdha hote haiN| unakA parIkSaNa aura zrIvIrasya pratiSThAM sa bAhaDo'kArayanmudA / / mUlyAGkana svatantra nibandha kA viSaya haiN| vAgbhaTa kA nivAsasthAna aNahillapaTTana batalAyA jaina-AcArya vAgbhaTa (prathama) jayasiMha siddharAja jAtA hai / vAgbhaTAlaGkAra ke adholikhita zloka se ke mantrI the| inakA prAkRta-nAma bAhaDa thA aura inake vAgbhaTa kI jaina-dharma ke prati zraddhA aura AsthA prakaTa pitA kA nAma soma thA hotI haibambhaNDasutisampuDamuktiamaNiNo pahAsamUhavva / zriyaM dizatu bo devaH zrInAbheyajinaH sadA / siri bAhaDa tti taNao Asi baho tassa somassa // mokSamArga satAM bra te yadAgamapadAvalI // '10 6. 'sacivo rAjyacintakaH / ayaM vaNiraviprayormadhyapAtyapi dhIrodAtta--dhIraprazAntau prakaraNe netArau bhavata iti pratipAdanArtha pRthagupAttaH / yastvamAtya netAramyUpagamya dhIraprazAntanAyakamiti 'prataraNaM' vizeSayati, sa vRddhasampradAyavandhyaH / ' nATyadarpaNa 211 kI vivRti / 7. kAvyaprakAza (jhalakIkara kI TIkA se samanvita, 1950 I.), pR. 441 / 8. 'kecidatra hayagrIvavadhe hayagrIvavarNanamudAharanti |s punarvRttadoSo vRttanAyakasyAlpavarNanAt / tatra hi vIro ___rasaH / sa vizeSato vadhyasya zauryavibhUtyatizayavarNanena bhUSyata iti / nATyadarpaNa 3123 kI vivRti / 9. vAgbhaTAlaGkAra (cau. saM.), 41147 10. vahI 1 / 1 / isa para dekhie-siMhadevargANa kI TIkA, jisameM unhoMne atizayacatuSTaya tathA ratnatraya kA nirdeza kiyA hai| 251
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________________ vAgbhaTa ne vAgmaTAlaGkAra kI racanA kI hai| isameM kAvyAlaGkArasUtrANi svAni kiJcid vivaNmahe / pA~ca pariccheda haiM / isameM kAvyaphala, kAvyotpatti, tanmanastanmaryAkRtya vibhAvyaM kovidottamaiH // kAvyazarIra, doSa, guNa, alaGkAra aura rasa ke viSaya ___ alaGkAramahodadhi ATha taraGgoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama meM saMkSepa meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| prathama pariccheda meM meM kAvyaprayojana Adi, dvitIya meM zabda-vaicitrya, tRtIya 26 zloka, dvitIya meM 29 zloka, tRtIya meM 181 zloka, meM dhvaninirNaya, caturtha meM gaNIbhUtavyaGa gya, paJcama meM caturtha meM 152 zloka, aura paJcama meM 33 zloka haiN| doSa, SaSTha meM guNa, saptama meM zabdAlaGkAra aura aSTama narendraprabhasari ne mantrIzvara vastapAla kI preraNA meM arthAlaGkAra kA nirUpaNa huA hai| se alaGkAramahodadhi kI racanA 1225-26 I. meM kii|| ajitasena ne alaGgAracintAmaNi aura zaGgArarAjazekharasUri ne nyAyakandalIpajjikAprazasti meM narendra maJjarI kI racanA kI zaGgAramaJjarI choTI racanA prabhasUri ko alaGkAramahodadhi kA kartA batalAyA hai----- hai / ajitasena ne zRGgAramajarI kI racanA 1245 I. ke lagabhaga aura alaGkAracintAmaNi kI racanA 1250tasya guroH priyaziSyaH prabhunarendraprabhaH prabhAnATyaH / 1260 I. meM kii| alaGkAracintAmaNi kA prakAzana yo'laGkAramahodadhimakarot kAkutsthakeli ca // 12 bhAratIya jJAnapITha se 1973 I. meM huA hai| DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne vistRta bhUmikA aura anuvAda ke naracandrasUri narendraprabhasUri ke gurU the| narendraprabhasUri sAtha isa grantha kA sampAdana kiyA hai| isameM pA~ca ne gurU kI AjJA para zrIvastupAla kI prasannatA ke lie pariccheda haiM / prathama (106 iloka) kA nAva alaGkAramahodadhi kA nirmANa kiyA kavizikSAprarUpaNa, dvitIya (1891 zloka) kA nAma tanme mAtisavistaraM kavikalAsarvasvagarvodara / citrAlaGkAraprarUpaNa, tRtIya (41 zloka) kA nAma zAstraM brUta kimapyananyasadRzaM bodhAya durmedhasAm / yamakAdivacana, caturtha (345 zloka) kA nAma arthAityabhyarthanayA pratItamanasaH zrIvastupAlasya te / laGkAravivaraNa tathA paJcama (406 zloka) kA nAma rasAdinirUpaNa hai| zrImanto naracandrasUriguravaH sAhityatattvaM jaguH / / teSAM nidezAdatha sadguruNAM zrIvastupAlasya mude tdett| arisiMha tathA amaracandra kI kRti kAvyakalpalatA cakAra lipyakSarasaMniviSTaM sUrinarendraprabhanAmadheyaH // ke nAma se prasiddha hai / arisiMha ne isake sUtroM kI racanA alaGkAramahodadhi (oriyanTala insTITyUTa bar3odA saM. 1942 I.) ke antima zloka meM grantha kA racanAkAla saMvat 1282 diyA gayA hai'nayanavasusUri (1282) varSe niSpannAyAH pramANametasyAH / ajani samasracatuSTayamanuSTubhAmupari paNcazatI / ' isa iloka se grantha kA pramANa 4500 zloka jJAta hotA hai| 12. vahI, prastAvanA, pR. 16 / 13. vahI, 1118.20 14. alaGkAracintAmaNi kI prastAvanA, pa. 33-341 252
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________________ kI hai aura amaracandra ne vatti / amaracandra ne ala. DrAramahodadhi ke pariziSTa ke rUpa meM prakAzita huA hai| kAraprabodha kI bhI racanA kii| arisiMha aura amara- isameM ATha adhyAya haiN| prathama meM kAvyaphalahetu, dvitIya candra kA samaya trayodaza zatAbdI hai| meM zabdArtha, tRtIya meM zabdArthadoSa, caturtha meM guNa, paJcama meM zabdAlaGkAra, SaSTha meM arthAlaGkAra, saptama meM rIti vAgbhaTa (dvitIya) nAmaka eka anya jaina-AcArya aura aSTama meM rasa kA nirUpaNa huA hai| isakI zlokahue haiN| ye vAgbhaTAlaGkAra ke kartA vAgbhaTa se bhinna sakhyA 132 hai| ATha adhyAyoM meM kramazaH 5, 15, haiN| inakA samaya sambhavataH caturdaza zatAbdI hai / inake 24. 13. 13.49,5 aura 8 zloka haiN| pitA kA nAma nemikUmAra thA aura kA mAtA nAma vasundharA / ye rAdhApura meM rahate the / inhoMne kAvyAnuzAsana kI mantrimaNDana zrImAla vaMza meM utpanna hue the| inakA racanA kii|"kaavyaanushaasn vAgbhaTa kI alaGkAratilaka samaya vikramIya pandrahavIM zatAbdI hai| inhoMne alaGkAraTIkA ke sAtha nirNayasAgara se prakAzita ho cukA hai| maNDana nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| isameM pA~ca pariccheda haiM / kAvyamaNDana-campUmaNDana-zaGgAramaNDana-saGgItamanDanaisake sUtra gadya meM haiM / yaha grantha pA~ca adhyAyoM meM sArasvatamaNDana-kAdambarImaNDana-candravijaya Adi bhI vibhakta hai / prathama meM kAvyaprayojana, kAvyahetu, dvitIya meM doSa-guNa, tRtIya meM arthAlaGkAra, caturtha meM zabdA inakI racanAeM batalAyI jAtI haiN| laGkAra tathA paJcama meM rasa, nAyaka-nAyikAoM ke prakAra aura rasa-doSoM kA vivecana haA hai| vAgbhaTa ne apanI aNuratnamaNDana yA ratnamaNDanagaNi (15vIM zatAbdI) TIkA meM vibhinna pradezoM, nadiyoM, vakSoM aura aneka . ne kavizikSAviSayaka grantha 'jalpakalpalatA' kI racanA kii| inakI anya kRti mugdhamedhAkara hai, jisameM mukhya viziSTa vastuoM kA sthala-sthala para ullekha kiyA hai| inhoMne chando'nuzAsana tathA RSabhadevacarita kI bhI ra ___ rUpa se alaGkAroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| racanA kI thii| jayamakalAcArya-kRta kavizikSA aura AcArya bhAvadevasUri ne kAvyAlaGkArasAra nAmaka laghukAya vinayacandra-kRta kavizikSA meM kaviyoM ke lie Avazyaka grantha kI racanA kI / yaha narendraprabhasUri-viracita ala- nirdezoM kA pratipAdana huA hai / 15. alaGkAramahodAdhi kI prastAvanA; pR. 20 / 16, 17. 'navyAnekamahAprabandharacanAcAturya visphajita sphArodArayazaH pracArasatatavyAkIrNabizvatrayaH / zrImannemikumArasUnurakhilaprajJAlucUDAmaNiH kAvyAnAmanuzAsanaM varamidaM cakra kavirvAgbhaTaH / / kAvyAnuzAsana (nirNayasAgara saM., 1915 I0) kA antima zloka / 18. kRSNamAcArya, hisTrI oNpha klaisikala saMskRta liTarecara, pR. 7641 19. alaGgAramahodadhi kI prstaavnaa| 20. kRSNamAcArya, hisTrI oNpha klaisikala saMskRta liTarecara, 4 780 / 253
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________________ jaina- TIkAkAra aneka jaina AcAryoM ne kAvyazAstra ke utkRSTa granthoM para TIkAoM kI racanA kI hai / vAdasiMha ne daNDI ke kAvyAdarza kI TIkA kI 122 rudraTa ke kAvyAlaGkAra ke kaI jaina TIkAkAra hue haiM / namisAdhu kAvyAlaGkAra ke prasiddha TIkAkAra haiM / inake zIlabhadra the / inhoMne apanI TIkA kI racanA gurU 1069 I. meM kI - evaM rudraTakAvyAlaGkatiTippaNakaviracanAt puNyam / yadavApi mayA tasmAnmanaH paropakRtirati bhUyAt // thArApadrapurIya gacchatilakaH pANDitya sImAbhavatsUribhUriguNakamandiramiha zrIzAlibhadrAbhidhaH / tatpAdAmbujaSaTpadena naminA saGkSepasamprekSiNaH ghat mugdhadhiyo'dhikRtya racitaM saTTippaNaM lahavadaH // paJcaviMzatisaMyuktairekAdazasamAzataiH / vikramAt samatikrAntaH prAvRSIdaM samarthitam // 23 25. guNAnapekSigI yasminnarthAlaGkAratatparA / 21., 22. alaGkAramahodadhi kI prastAvanA / 23. kAvyAlaMkAra kI namisAdhu- kRta TIkA ke antima zloka | 24. kANe, saMskRta kAvyazAstra kA itihAsa ( motIlAla saM., 1966 I.), pR. 197-98 aura alaGkAramahodadhi kI prastAvanA | kAvyAlaGkAra ke anya jaina - TIkAkAra AzAdhara haiN| inhoMne apane pitA kA nAma sallakSaNa aura putra kA nAma chADa batalAyA hai / inhoMne TIkA kI racanA 1239-43 I. meM kii| inakI anya racanAe~ haiM - amarakoza kI TIkA, vAgmaTa kRta aSTAGgahRdaya kI TIkA, triSaSTismRtizAstra, ratnatrayavidhAnazAstra Adi 124 kAvyaprakAza kI sabase prAcIna TIkA mANikyacandrakRta saGketa hai| mANivayacandra sAgarendu ke ziSya the / inhoMne TIkA kI racanA 1159 I. meM ko 25 mANikyacandra gurjara deza ke nivAsI the / inakI TIkA meM kisI TIkA yA TIkAkAra ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM milatA / abhidhAvRttimAtRkAkAra mukula aura sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNakAra bhojarAja kA ullekha milatA hai 1 26 prauDhApi jAyate buddhiH saGketaH so'yamadbhutaH // 1 // madamadana tuSArakSepapUSAbibhUSA jinavadanasarojAvAsivAgIzvarIyA / 26. vahI, pR. 21 / 27. alaGkAramahodadhi kI prastAvanA / guNaratnagaNi ne kAvyaprakAza kI sAradIpikA nAmaka TIkA kI racanA kI tathA bhAnucandra siddhacandra ne kAvyaprakAzavivRti kA praNayana kiyA |22 dya mukhamarivalatarka granthapaGka ruhANAM tadanu samajani zrIsAgarendurmunIndraH // 10 // mANikyacandrAcAryeNa tadaGghrikamalAlinA / kAvyaprakAzasaGka etaH svAnyopakRtaye kRtaH || lin rasavaktragrahAdhIzavatsare ( saMvat 1216) mAsi mAdhave / kAvye kAvyaprakAzasya saGkato'yaM samarthitaH // 12 // kAvyaprakAza (jhalakIkara kI TIkA) kI prastAvanA ke pR. 21-22 para saGketa ke zloka uddhRta / 204
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________________ aneka jainoM ne vAgbhaTAlaGkAra kI TIkA kI / vAgbhaTAlaGkAra ke anya jaina-TIkAkAra haiM-jinasiMhadevagaNi kI TIkA caukhambA vidyAbhavana se prakAzita vardhanasUri, kSemahaMsagaNi, jJAnapramodagaNi, vAdirAja, (1957 I.) huI hai| inhoMne mugdhajanoM ke prabodha aura rAjahaMsopAdhyAya, samayasundara Adi / apanI smRti kI vRddhi ke lie TIkA kI racanA kI AjaDa ne sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa tathA jinaprabha, zivavAgbhaTakavIndraracitAlaMkRtisatrANi kimapi vivaNomi / candra, vinaya ratna, vidyAsAgara Adi ne dharmadAsa-kRta mugdhajanabodhahetoH svasya smRtijananavRddhyai ca // vidagdhamukhamaNDana kI TIkA kii| 28. kAvyAlaGkAra kI TIkA ke prArambha meM dvitIya zloka / 29. alaGkAramahodadhi kI prastAvanA, pa. 19 tathA kRSNamAcArya-kRta hisTrI oNpha klai sikala saMskRta liTarecara, pR. 762-63 / 30. alaGkAramahodadhi kI prastAvanA / 255