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________________ gvAliyara evaM usake nikaTavartI kSetroM meM sthita = jaila sAskRtika 6. DA0 vI. vI0 lAla bhArata kI prAcInatama saMskRtiyoM meM se eka jaina gvAliyara uttarI madhyapradeza ke prAcInatama kSetroM meM saMskati, jise zramaNa saMskRti bhI kahA jAtA hai, kI se eka hai / gvAliyara ke nikaTa pavAyA nAma ke grAma vyApakatA usakI eka pramukha vizeSatA rahI hai| yoM to ko vedoM meM padmAvatI nAmaka aitihAsika nagarI mAnane sampUrNa bhAratavarSa meM jaina saMskRti ke pratIka svarUpa meM anekoM itihAsakAra ekamata haiN| yahA~ prApta prAcIna anekoM tIrtha, mandira, mUrtiyAM Adi aneka prakAra ke purAtatvIya sAmagrI se yaha tathya bahuta kucha puSTa hotA hai| murainA jile meM sihoniyA, datiyA jile meM svarNAsmAraka upalabdha hote haiM, parantu uttara bhArata aura girI, zivapurI jile ke naravara, gunA jile meM caMderI, madhya bhArata ke bIca kA kSetra isa dRSTi se aura bhI tumaina aura jharakona jaigara (bajaraMga gar3ha) tathA gvAliyara adhika sampanna kSetra hai / gvAliyara ke nikaTavartI kSetra ke amaraula va durga Adi sthala bhI prAcIna aitihAsika jaina purAtatva ke vaibhava se bhare par3e haiM, vibhinna aMcaloM mahatva va purAtatvika sampadA kI dRSTi se sampanna kSetra meM yagayagIna jaina saMskRti ke anekoM pratIkAtmaka smAraka haiN| ina sabhI kSetroM meM jo kucha bhI prAcInatama pUrAtatvika upalabdha haiN| isakA eka pramukha kAraNa sambhavataH yaha avazeSa avazeSa evaM anya sAmagrI upavabdha haI hai usakA bar3A anya mAmI ure bhI hai ki vibhinna jaina tIrtha karoM va sAdhuoM ne deza bhara bhAga jaina saMskRti se sambandhita hai| isa prakAra meM paidala vihAra kara apane dharma kA pracAra kiyA aura gvAliyara aura usakA nikaTavartI sampUrNa kSetra jaina logoM ko ahiMsAtmaka jIvana paddhati apanAne kA upadeza purAtatva kI dRSTi se atyadhika sampanna kSetra hai tathApi diyaa| jo kSetra tIrtha karoM ke vihAra meM pramukha rahe unameM jaina saMskRti ke kucha pramukhatama kendroM ke rUpa meM kucha bihAra, uttarapradeza aura uttarI madhyapradeza ke kSetra kSetroM kA aitihAsika dRSTi se bar3A hI mahatva hai| pramukha haiN| yahA~ aise hI kucha pramukha sthaloM kI carcA kI gaI hai| 318 --
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________________ siddhakSetra svarNAgirI karavAyA tathA saM. 1883 meM punaH mathurA ke seTha lakSmIcandra jI dvArA isa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karavAyA datiyA sTezana se tIna mIla kI dUrI para sthita gyaa| isa jIrNoddhAra ke samaya mula zilAlekha caraNoM svarNAgirI (sonAgirI) dhAmika dRSTi se siddha kSetra ke nIce hone se daba gayA para seTha lakSmIcandra jI ne mAnA jAtA hai / jisa grAma meM yaha kSetra sthita hai vaha isakA anavAda karAkara lagA diyA jise avizvasanIya sanAvala kahalAtA hai, jo "zramaNAcala" kA apabhraza mAnane kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| rUpa pratIta hotA hai, jisakA tAtparya zramaNa saMskRti ke pramukha aMcala se hai| jisase pratIta hotA hai ki yaha jaina granthoM ke ullekhoM ke anusAra yaha parvata jaina sAdhuoM kSetra zramaNa digambara jaina sAdhuoM kI prAcInatama / kI pramukha sAdhanA sthalI rahA hai, va lagabhaga sAr3he pA~ca tapobhUmi rahI hai| karor3a sAdhuoM ne ise apanI siddhabhUmi hone kA gaurava pradAna kiyA hai| sAdhuoM ke saMgha ke vihAra ke sambandha meM / vartamAna meM yahA~ eka pahAr3I banI hai jisa para kala ullekhanIya prAcInatama ghaTanA san 258 I. ke lagagabha kI 77 mandira bane hae haiN| nIce ke nikaTavartI bha-bhAga batAI jAtI hai jaba ki samrATa candragupta maurya ke samaya meM meM bhI solaha bhavya mandira bane haiN| ina sAre mandiroM mahAkAla par3ane para jaina sAdhU saMgha kA eka aMza calakara meM pahAr3I ke zIrSastha sthAna para bane tIrtha kara candraprabhU yahA~ Akara ThaharA / unhoMne vahA~ jo apanA zilAlekha ke mandira kA vizeSa mahatva hai| pahADI kI sarvocca lagavAyA vaha abhI taka upalabdha hai| samrATa azoka zilA para utkIrNa tIrtha kara candraprabhU kI pratimA ke ke zAsana kAla meM eka upazAsaka kumArapAla kI cAroM ora bhavya mandira banA hai, jisameM bAda meM samaya yahA~ niyukti kiye jAne kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| samaya para anya anekoM tIrthakara pratimAe~ bhI virAjamAna kucha vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra apane prAraMbhika kAla meM jaba kI gaI haiN| samrATa azoka kA jhukAva jaina dharma kI ora thA, una dinoM samrATa azoka ne bhI isa sthAna kI vandanA kI thii| tIthaMkara candraprabhU kI pratimA yahA~ kI prAcInatama evaM isa mandira kI mUla nAyaka pratimA hai| jaina zAstroM pahAr3a se mokSa ko prApta sAr3he pA~ca karor3a muniyoM ke ullekha ke anusAra isa sthala para tIrthakara candraprabha meM sarvAdhika prAmANika aitihAsika ullekha mani naMgasvAmI kA samavazaraNa vihAra karate samaya ThaharA thA, anaMga kumAra kA upalabdha hotA hai| inake smAraka ke aura unhoMne kAphI samaya taka yahA~ upadeza diye the| rUpa meM tIrtha kara candraprabhU ke mandira ke nikaTa hI inake isa kAraNa isa sthAna kA atyAdhika dhArmika mahatva hai| caraNa pratiSThApita haiN| pahAr3I para bane anya mandira bhI isa ghaTanA ke pratIka svarUpa hI yahA~ tIrtha kara candraprabha atyAdhika bhavya haiM tathA unameM virAjamAna pratimAoM meM kI yaha pratimA utkIrNa kI gii| yaha manojJa pratimA se anekoM kAphI prAcIna haiN| vyavasthApana samiti dvArA khar3agAsana mudrA meM hai jisakI U~cAI sADhe sAta phITa eka mandira ke varAmadoM meM purAtatva saMgrahAlaya ke rUpa hai| pratimA ke nIce ke bhAga meM utkIrNa hindI lekha meM meM eka vIthikA banA dI gaI hai / isameM bhI san 300 I. jo ki kisI prAcIna lekha ke AdhAra para likhA gayA taka kI anekoM prAcIna jaina pratimAyeM khaNDita rUpa meM hai, isa pratimA aura mandira ko samvat 335 vi. meM upalabdha haiN| inake sAtha hI samavazaraNa Adi ke kucha nirmita darzAyA hai / isa lekha ke anusAra zrI zravaNasena avazeSa bhI isa saMgrahAlaya meM haiM / pahAr3I para prAkRtika kanakasena ne isa mandira kA nirmANa saM. 335 vi. meM rUpa se bane eka kuNDa kA AkAra nAriyala jaisA hone se 316
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________________ vaha nAriyala kuNDa, tathA eka vizAla zilA Thokane para pAMca karor3a sAdhUoM kI siddha sthalI hone ke kAraNa jaina AvAja karane ke kAraNa bajanI zilA ke nAma se jAnI saMskRti kA yaha prAcIna kenda aitihAsika daSTi se jAtI haiN| nIce ke mandiroM meM bhaTTAraka harendrabhUSaNa jI mahatvapUrNa hone ke sAtha-sAtha dhArmika dRSTi se bhI atyAdhika kA mandira prAcIna bhI kAphI hai| mahatvapUrNa siddha kSetra (tIrtha) mAnA jAtA hai| vigata kucha samaya pUrva bane bAhubalI svAmI kA sihoniyAmandira, mAnasAmbha tathA kucha anya mandira bhI bhavya haiN| murainA jile meM sthita siMhoniyA nAmaka nagarI isa tIrtha kara candraprabhU ke samavazaraNa kI vizrAma sthalI tathA kSetra kI prAcInatama aitihAsika nagariyoM meM pramukha hai| caitranAtha kI pratimAeM siMhoniyA (jilA murainA) (zrI harihara nivAsa jI dvivedI ke saujanya se) 320
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________________ prAcIna granthoM meM nAga samrAToM kI rAjadhAnI krAntipurI isI nagarI kA aitihAsika nAma hai / yahA~ sthita mAtA ke mandira ke cAroM ora tathA nikaTavartI anya mandiroM meM pahalI se pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya purAtatvika avazeSa bhare par3e haiM, inameM anekoM jaina dharma se sambandhita haiM, abhI taka ina para paryApta zodha ke abhAva meM inake bAre meM bahuta se tathya ajJAta haiM / yahIM gvAliyara ke tomara rAjA vIramadeva ke samaya meM banA vizAla evaM bhavya caitranAtha mUrti samUha abhI bhI surakSita hai / isameM caitranAtha kI jaina mUrti para vi. saM. 1467 ( san 1410 I.) kA eka zilAlekha aMkita hai / bakuNDa ( zyaupura ) - - murainA jile meM hI zyopura tahasIla meM sthita dUvakuNDa nAmaka sthAna bhI jaina saMskRti kA prAcIna kendra rahA hai / yahA~ bhI kaI prAcIna jaina mUrtiyoM ke avazeSa prApta hote haiM / yahA~ prApta vi. saM. 1145 ( sana 1088 I.) ke vikramasiMha ke zilAlekha se pratIta hotA hai ki isa kSetra ke kacchapaghAta rAjAoM kA prazraya bhI jaina sUriyoM ko prApta huA thA / zAntiSeNa sUri aura unake ziSya vijayakIrti dvArA eka prazasti likhI gaI thI / " yahA~ ke jaina mandira ke zilAlekha vi. saM. 1152 (san 1095 I.) se jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ kASThA saMgha ke mahAcAryavarya zrI devasena ke pAdukA cinha kI pUjA hotI thI / " pavAyA (padmAvatI) -- gvAliyara jile meM DabarA ke nikaTa sthita pavAyA nAmaka grAma aitihAsika dRSTi se isa sAre kSetra meM sthita prAcInatama nagaroM meM se eka hai / anekoM itihAsakAroM ke anusAra bhAratIya vedoM meM varNita padmAvatI nAmaka aitihAsika nagarI yahI pavAyA haiM / yahA~ atyAdhika prAcIna purAtatvika sampadA upalabdha hai / upalabdha avazeSoM meM se kucheka isa kSetra meM jaina saMskRti ke pracuratApUrNa prasAra kI sAkSya prastuta karate haiM / yahA~ upalabdha prAcIna avazeSoM para abhI paryApta zodha kI AvazyakatA hai / yahA~ prApta mUrtiyoM meM eka mUrti vicitra prakAra kI upalabdha huI hai jisameM eka vyakti apane sira ke Upara eka dhyAnastha nagna AkRti kI pratimA ko virAjamAna kiye hue hai| yaha pratimA jaina pratimA pratIta hotI hai, jo aba taka upalabdha pratimAoM kI tulanA meM vicitratAe~ liye hue evaM anUThI hai / isake atirikta kucha anya pratimAeM Adi bhI upalabdha haiM / amaraula tathA sohajanA - gvAliyara jile meM hI gvAliyara ke dakSiNa pUrva meM sthita anya grAma amaraula meM bhI anekoM ullekhanIya pratimAe~ upalabdha huI haiM / inameM pUrva madhyakAla kI pArzvanAtha aura AdinAtha kI pratimA kA sUkSmatA ke sAtha pratirUpaNa huA hai jisameM tIrthaMkara ke cAroM ora yakSoM kI vAmana AkRtiyAM padma pIThoM para sukhAsana mudrA meM baiThI huI darzAyI gayI haiM / padmapITha kamalapatrAvalI dvArA bhavya rUpa se alaMkRta 14 gvAliyara - gvAliyara nagara svayaM bhI jaina saMskRti ke prAcInatama kendroM meM se eka / yahA~ jaina saMskRti se sambandhita 1. Arko sarve ri. bhAga 2, pR. 396 1 2. gvAliyara rAjya abhilekha, kra. 54 3. gvAliyara rAjya abhilekha, kra. 58 1 4. jainakalA evaM sthApatya, khaNDa 1, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, bhAga 4, vAstu smAraka evaM mUrtikalA ( 600 se 1000 I. | adhyAya 16, madhya bhArata kRSNadeva / pR. 177-78 321
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________________ He Qi kyU (suhajanA se prApta prAcIna jaina pratimA) (zrI harihara nivAsajI dvivedI ke saujanya se ) pramANa AThavIM zatI taka ke prAcIna upalabdha hote haiM / gyArahavIM zatI meM gvAliyara durgaM (gopAcala gar3ha) ke Upara eka jaina mandira upalabdha hone ke paryApta pramANa upalabdha haiM / durga ke atirikta gvAliyara nagara ke nikaTavartI kSetroM meM bhI anekoM prAcIna pratimAe~ va avazeSa upalabdha hote haiM / inameM tigharA bA~dha ke pAsa sthita saujanA (suhajanA ) grAma meM prApta prAcIna jaina pratimAe~ ullekhanIya haiM / 322 SUTA kacchapaghAta rAjAoM ke kAla meM yahA~ jaina saMskRti kA prasAra avazya hI kucha kama huA thA parantu caudahavIM -pandrahavIM zatI meM tomara rAjAoM ke kAla meM gvAliyara meM jaina saMskRti kA vyApaka evaM abhUtapUrva pracAra huaa| tomara kAla meM gvAliyara meM jaina dharmAva lambI apanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhate the / isa kAla meM anekoM jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa huA, jo Aja upalabdha nahIM haiN| gvAliyara durga ke cAroM ora nirmita ta
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________________ guhA mandira aura vizAla tIrthakara pratimA samUha bhAra- bahuta prasAra huaa| vi. saM. 1314 se 1324 ke tIya purAtatva kI advitIya upalabdhi haiN| bAbara ke mUrtilekhoM yukta saikar3oM jaina mUrtiyA~ naravara meM prApta zAsana kAla meM khaNDita ye jaina pratimAe~ Aja bhI huI haiN| jajvavela rAjAoM ke adhikAMza zilAlekhoM ke AkarSaka evaM manojJa svarUpa liye haiM tathA inakA atya- prazastikAra jaina muni haiN| yahA~ ke bar3e jaina mandira meM dhika aitihAsika evaM purAtatvika mahatva hai| uravAI vi. saM. 1475 (san 1418 I.) kA eka tAmrapatra dvAra para sthita AdinAtha kI pratimA isa sampUrNa madhya bhI upalabdha hai jisameM mahArAjAdhirAja vIramendra tathA bhAratIya kSetra meM sthita vizAlatama pratimA hai tathA eka unake maMtrI sAdhu kuzarAja kA ullekha hai| naravara ke patthara kI bAvar3I para sthita guhA mandira evaM vizAla jaina mandiroM meM jaina sAhityakAroM kI anekoM prAcIna mUrtiyoM kA samUha deza meM advitIya hai| itanI vizAla racanAe~ va dharmagrantha bhI upalabdha hote haiM jo isa kSetra meM pratimAe~ itanI bar3I saMkhyA meM eka sthAna para eka sAtha jaina saMskRti ke vikAsa ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahatvakahIM nahIM miltii| pUrNa haiN| gvAliyara meM bane jaina mandiroM meM bhI anekoM prAcIna ca canderI (gunA)evaM bhavya mandira haiM, jinameM prAcIna pratimAe~ evaM gunA jile meM canderI aura tumaina jaina kalA ke sAhitya upalabdha hai / isa prakAra gvAliyara nagara svayaM mahatvapUrNa kendra the| canderI meM anekoM prAcIna evaM bhI jaina saMskRti kA eka pramukha kendra rahA hai tathA usake vizAla jaina mandira sthita haiN| canderI aura usake sAMskRtika vikAsa meM jainoM kI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA rahI samIpavartI kSetra meM isa kAla kI pASANa mUrtiyA~ bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM prApta huI haiN| unameM tIrthaMkaroM aura naravara deviyoM ke atirikta anya mUrtiyA~ bhI haiM, jinameM bahuta-sI abhilikhita haiN| lagabhaga 1400 I. meM canderI paTra kI zivapUrI jile meM zivapurI se 40 kilomITara sthApanA huii| zrI bhaTAraka devendra kIrti aura unake uttara-pUrva sthita naravara nagara nala aura damayantI ke uttarAdhikAriyoM ne usa kSetra meM jaina dharma ke prasAra meM kAla meM nala dvArA basAyA gayA nagara mAnA jAtA hai| mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhaayii| vidizA jile kA siroMja, prAcIna ullekhoM meM ise nalapura kahA gayA gayA hai / yahA~ canderI ke bhaTrArakoM ke kAryakSetra meM AtA thaa| ina aneka jaina mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa huA / ina mandiroM meM bahuta-sA prAcIna sAhitya evaM abhilekha bhI mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM ke upayoga meM Ae zveta pASANa upalabdha hai| para yahA~ itanA acchA pAliza kiyA gayA ki vaha saMgamaramara-sA dikhatA hai| naravara ke yajvapAla, gopAla upalabdha pracura sAmagrI ke saMrakSaNa evaM zodha kI AvazyakatAdeva aura Asalla deva nAmaka rAjAoM ne kalA ke vikAsa meM vyApaka yoga diyaa| terahavIM aura caudahavIM isa prakAra gvAliyara aura usake nikaTavartI kSetroM zatAbdI meM naravara aura isake AsapAsa jaina dharma kA meM jaina saMskRti kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra rahA hai, aura 5. jaina kalA evaM sthApatya, khaNDa 1, bhAga 6, bhAratIya jJAnapITha; vAstu smAraka evaM mUrtikalA (1300 se 1800 I.) adhyAya 27-madhya bhArata, pRSTa 356 / 6. jaina kalA evaM sthApatya, khaNDa 2, bhAga 6, vAstu smAraka evaM mUrtikalA (1300 se 1800 I.) adhyAya 27, madhya bhArata pRSTha 356 bhAratIya jJAnapITha / 323
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________________ isakI puSTi hetu pracura mAtrA meM paryApta aitihAsika meM jaina saMskRti, purAtatva evaM prAcIna sAhitya se sAmagrI bhI upalabdha hai, parantu yaha bar3e hI kheda kA sambandhita itanA vizAla bhaNDAra upalabdha hai ki usake prasaMga hai ki jaina saMskRti ke poSakoM ne jahA~ saikar3oM varSoM saMgraha se eka rASTrIya stara kA vizAla saMgrahAlaya nirmita taka apanI isa prAcIna sAMskRtika sampadA kA saMrakSaNa evaM kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAtha hI usake sambandha meM zodhasamvarddhana kiyA vahA~ ve aba isa para adhika dhyAna nahIM kArya ko protsAhita karane ke liye eka niyamita zodha de rahe haiN| Aja prAcIna sampadA ke saMrakSaNa evaM usake saMsthAna calAyA jA sakatA hai| mahAvIra nirvANa saMgrahIkaraNa kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai jisakI pUrti mahotsava ke 2500veM varSa meM isa dizA meM ruci rakhane hI kI jAnA cAhiye / sAtha hI isa dizA meM vAle kucha loga Age Ae~ to isa kSetra kI prAcIna paryApta zodha kI bhI AvazyakatA hai tAki isa saMskRti saMskRti ko ujAgara karane kI dizA meM mahatvapUrNa eva kSetra ke prAcIna evaM gauravamayI pakSa ko ujAgara sahayoga tathA bhAratIya saMskRti ke vizAla jJAna bhaNDAra kiyA jA sake / gvAliyara aura isake nikaTavartI kSetra ko mahatvapUrNa yogadAna pradAna kara sakate haiN| 324 .