Gujarati Sahitya Kosh

Author(s): Gujarati Sahitya Parishad
Publisher: Gujarati Sahitya Parishad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032054/1

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gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada AyAti gujarAtI sAhityakeAza adhikaraNalekhananAM niyameA ane sUcane ( khaMDa : 2 - arvAcIna kartAe ane kRtie - mATe ) bharAta Tillera Wa bAda gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada govardhana bhavana, TAimsa Apha inDiyA pAchaLa, Azrama mArga, amadAvAda - 380 009 1984

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- - gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada Ayojita gujarAtI sAhityakeza adhikaraNalekhananAM niyamo ane sUcano (khaMDa. 2- arvAcIna kartAo ane kRtio - mATe) gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada gavardhana bhavana, TAImsa opha InDiyA pAchaLa, Azrama mArga, amadAvAda - 380 009 1984

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prAstAvika 'gujarAtI sAhityakoza' gujarAtI sAhityanA kartA-kRti Adi sa viSayAnI mAhitIne samAvatA jJAnakoza (eNnsAyaklopIDiyA) rUpe prakAzita thaze. meTrika sAijhanAM 2000 uparAMta pRSTho tathA cAreka prathAmAM prasiddha thanAra A kezanI adhikaraNasAmagrI A mujabanA traNa vibhAgomAM samAvAze : (1) madhyakAlIna - I.12mI sadIthI I. 1850 sudhInA gujarAtI sAhityanA sarva jJAta kartA tathA noMdhapAtra kRtio; (2) arvAcIna - I.1850 pachIthI Aja sudhInA - gujarAtI sAhityanA noMdhapAtra sAhityika graMthakAro ane mahattvanA sAhityagraMthA; (3) sAhityaprakAza, sAhityika AMdolano, sAhityika saMjJA ane siddhAnto, sAhityika prabhAvA ane paribaLA, sAhityika pravRtti ane sAhityasa sthA. A paikI vibhAga : 1nI sAmagrIne samAvatA pahelA graMthanAM adhikaraNAnuM lekhanakAryAM. lagabhaga pUruM thayuM che ne e aMtima sa MpAdanane tabake che. hAla vibhAga : 2nA adhikaraNalekhana mATenI saMdarbhasAmagrInuM sUcIkaraNa dhA samayathI cAlu che tathA hAlamAM kezakAryAlayanA vidvAno dvArA adhikaraNalekhananuM kAya paNa ArabhAyu che. adhikaraNalekhana kozakAryAlayamAM thaze e uparAMta niyaMtrita vidvAna dvArA paNa thaze. kozanAM adhikaraNAnu sthULa mALakhuM to ekasarakhu hAya ja; paNa enI vIgatonI pasa MdagI, enA pramANu tathA rajUAtanI zailImAM jeTalI ekavAkyatA Ave eTaluM kozanuM rUpa savAdI ne sauSThavayukta bane. e dRSTie, kAzanA prayojanane anuvartIte, salAhakArasamitinA mAdana nIce keTalAMka namUnAnAM adhikaraNA kozakAryAlaya taraphathI taiyAra thayAM che ane mA`darzaka sUcanAo ghaDavAmAM AvI che te A sAthe che. adhikaraNalekhaka. jeTalI cokasAIthI ane kALajIthI ene anusaraze teTalI sa`pAAdanakAryAMnI saraLatA thaze te kozanu eka sudhaDa rUpa siddha karavAmAM madada thaze. nimaMtrita adhikaraNalekhako mATenI zarato paNa A sAthe sAmela che.

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nimaMtrita adhikaraNalekhake mATenI zarate 1. nimaMtrita adhikaraNalekhakone adhikaraNanA svIkRta svarUpanI zabdasaMkhyA para 1000 zabdonA rU.80 lekhe puraskAra ApavAmAM Avaze. 2. pratyeka adhikaraNanI nIce adhikaraNalekhakanA nAmanA AdyAkSa mUkavAmAM Avaze. graMthAraMbhe AdyAkSa sAthe adhikaraNalekhakanAM nAma-paricaya ApavAmAM Avaze. che. svIkRta adhikaraNa aMgenA sarvAdhikAra gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA raheze. 4. adhikaraNalekhake e adhikaraNanA niyata svarUpanuM ane mArgadarzaka sUcanA- - enuM pAlana karavAnuM raheze. kezanI ekarUpatA mATe jarUrI sAmAnya sudhArAvadhArA karavAne saMpAdakene adhikAra raheze, paNa mahatvanA sudhArA mATe lekhakanI saMmati teo meLavaze. jarUra lAge te adhikaraNa punalekhana mATe lekhakane pAchuM mokalI zakAze ane mahadAMze asaMtoSakAraka lAge tevAM adhikaraNone asvIkAra karavAne mukhya saMpAdakano adhikAra raheze. adhikaraNanI niyata zabdasaMkhyAmAM 10 TakA vadhaghaTa svIkArI zakAze. ethI vadhAre vadhaghaTane saMbhava hoya tyAre mukhya saMpAdakanI pUrvamaMjUrI jarUrI raheze. niyata zabdasaMkhyA jaLavAya nahIM tyAre kATachAMTa karavAne athavA adhikaraNane asvIkAra karavAne mukhya saMpAdakane adhikAra raheze. 6. adhikaraNa lakhavA mATe apAyelI samayamaryAdA na sacavAya te vaikalpika vyavasthA karavAne paNa mukhya saMpAdakane adhikAra raheze.

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adhikaraNalekhana mATe mArgadarzaka sUcano : sAmAnya sUcane 11. adhikaraNa mATe hAMsiyo rAkhIne kAgaLanI eka bAjue suvA * akSaramAM ane zAhIthI lakhavAM. 2. joDaNI gUjarAta vidyApIThanA sArtha gUjarAtI joDaNIkoza anusAra rAkhavI. 3. adhikaraNamAM kyAMya pAdaTIpane upayoga na karavo. anivArya lAge tyAre kauMsane upayoga karI zakAze. 4. adhikaraNanuM svarUpa vizeSa mAhitIlakSI rAkhavuM. sAhityasamIkSA jANatAM | mukhya lakSaNonA nirdeza pUratI maryAdita rAkhavI. sAmAnya rIte svIkRta sAhityika mUlyAMkanane kezamAM sthAna raheze. 5. mAhitIno upayoga pramANabhUtatAnI cakAsaNI karIne karavo. jyAM judI judI mAhitI maLatI hoya tyAM ane jyAM pramANabhUtatAnI khAtarI na hoya tyAM je-te saMdarbhone havAle ApIne e mAhitI rajU karavI. 6. bahu ja jarUrI abhiprAyo ke kAvyapaMktionAM avataraNa adhikaraNamAM gUthI zakAze. e avataraNo TUMkAM hoya te iSTa che. - 7. mAhitI saghana rUpamAM, kramika rIte ane tapura:sara spaSTatAthI ane sacoTatAthI rajU thAya te jovuM. 8. bhASAzailI svaccha, saraLa, pAradarzaka rAkhavI. vizeSa sUthane te samagra dezamAM lakhAvaTanI saMvAditA rahe tathA adhikaraNanI sAmagrImAM mAhitInuM saMtulana jaLavAya e AzayathI eka niyata paddhati ame nipajAvI che ane e anusAra namUnAnAM keTalAMka adhikAraNe A pustikAmAM mUkyAM che. paraMtu, adhikaraNalekhakane A paddhati vize pUrI spaSTatA thAya e mATe nIce keTalAMka vizeSa sUcana ApyAM che. darzAvelA vibhAgo paNa spaSTIkaraNanI sagavaDa khAtara mUkyA che, jethI adhikaraNalekhanane eka kramabaddha Alekha UpasI rahe. kartAadhikaraNa kartAadhikaraNa mATenI apekSita vIgate AraMbha, kartAnI caritrAtmaka mAhitI, kartAnI sAhityika kArakirdI ane emanA graMtha tathA saMdarbhe - evA vibhAgothI darzAvI che.

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Aza 1. kartAadhikaraNanA AraMbhe aTakathI zarU thatu kartAnuM pUruM nAma lakhavuM. 2. e pachI alpavirAmanuM cihna karI, kartA je upanAma / upanAmeAthI vizeSa jANItA hAya te ( -- teTalAM ja -) upanAma / upanAmA, pratyeka ekavaDA avataraNacihnathI akArAdikrame lakhavAM. 3. paNa jyAM kartA upanAmathI ja vadhu jANItA hoya tyAM upanAma pahelu lakhavuM ( avataraNacihnomAM ) ne e pachI tiyarekhA ( Ablika ) karI karyAMnuM, prathama nAmathI AraMbhAtuM, pUruM nAma lakhavuM. (u. ta. 'kalApI' surasihajI takhtasi hajI gohila ) ava.. 4. tyArabAda koNAkAra kau MsamAM kartAnI janmatArIkha (ja.) ane kartA divaMgata hAya te| avasAnatArIkha (ava.) lakhavAM; janma ke avasAnanu va ja maLatuM hoya to mAtra te ja darzAvavuM (jema ke, ja.1890 1961); janma ke avasAnanI vIgatA na maLatI hoya tyAre aprApta mAhitIne sthAne praznArthAM mUkavuM (jema ke ja. ? ava. 1961 ); hayAta lekhakomAM janmatArIkha / varSAM lakhyA pachI tarata koNAkAra kauMsa pUrA karI devA. 5. e pachI, guruvirAma karI, kartAnI kavi, vArtAkAra, navalakathAkAra, nATayakAra, nibaMdhakAra, caritralekhaka, Atmacaritralekhaka, pravAsakathAlekhaka, vivecaka, sAhityika patrakAra ke saMpAdaka evI eLakha ApI; kartAe ekathI vadhu svarUpomAM kAma karyuM hoya tyAM enI mahattvatI te mukhya eka-be svarUpomAMnI kAmagIrIne darzAvatI eLakha Apo ' vagere ' evA nirdeza karavA. * - udA. ( 1thI 5 mATe ) -- = pAThaka, rAmanArAyaNa vizvanAtha, ' dvirepha ', ' zeSa ', ' svairavihArI' [ja. 8-4-1887 ava. 21-8-1955]: vArtAkAra, vivecaka, kavi, vagere. - caritrAtmaka mAhitI kartAnI caritrAtmaka mAhitImAM - 1. janmasthaLa, vatana, jJAti ane mAtAnA nAmano sarvaprathama nirdeza karavA. 2. prAthamika-mAdhyamika zikSaNane TUMkamAM ja nirdeza karavA; snAtaka-anusnAtaka te anya padavI meLavyAnAM sthAna, va ne viSayo lakhavAM,

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3. mAtApitA aMgenI vizeSa mAhitI sAhityika daSTie upayogI jaNAya te samAvavI. 4. patnInuM nAma ane lagnavarSa koI rIte upayogI banatAM hoya te ApavAM. 5. kartAnI vyAvasAyika kArakirdI vize sAmAnya mAhitI ApavI. 6. kartAnA jIvanaghaDataranAM paribaLo ne preraka baLone paNa, Avazyaka jaNAya te, nirdeza karavo. 7. kartAne maLelAM badhA prakAranAM inAmene ullekha binajarUrI gaNa paNa bhAratIya jJAnapITha tathA rASTrIya sAhitya akAdamInA puraskAra ane raNajitarAma, narmada ne kumAra - e caMdrakonI mAhitI samAvavI; kartAne padmazrI'nuM bahumAna maLyuM hoya te ene tathA emaNe keInoMdhapAtra sAhitya saMsthAmAM mahattvane hoddo / pada dharAvyo hoya (jemake gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanuM pramukhapada) te ene ullekha paNa karavo. sAhityika kArakirdI ane graMtha 1. kartAnI sAhityika kArakirdInI mAhitI sAmAnyapaNe samayAnukrame ApavI paNa emanI sAhityaprakAravAra kAmagIrInI vIgate ekasAthe levI jarUrI lAgatI hoya te tyAM saLaMga samayAnukrama teDI sAhityaprakAravAra (graMthanAM prakAzanavarSa Adine) samayAnukama svIkAravo. 2. kartAnA prathanAM nAma ekavaDA avataraNacihnamAM lakhavAM; graMthanAma pachI tarata, sAdA koMsamAM pahelI AvRttinuM prakAzanavarSa lakhavuM; e pachInI koI AvRtti noMdhapAtra rIte saMvardhita hoya te, "saMvardhita A0 " evA saMkSepathI e varSa paNa darzAvavuM. 3. kartAnA prakAzita thayelA sarva maulika gujarAtI graMthanI mAhitI kartA adhikaraNamAM ApavI paNa nAnI pustikAo, pAThyapustake, saMpAdane, anya viSayanAM pustaka, anuvAdo, anya bhASAmAM lakhelA graMthe - e badhAmAMthI mahattvanA pasaMda karIne enI ja mAhitI / yAdI ApavI. 4. kartAnA maulika graMthamAMthI kRtio laIne katAM dvArA ke anya dvArA taiyAra karAyelAM saMcaya-saMpAdananI kheMdha, e kaI rIte vizeSa mahattvanAM banatAM hoya te ja levI.

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5. kartAadhikaraNamAM nedhelAM pustaka paikI je pustako adhikaraNalekhake te joyAM na hoya enI AgaLa phUdaDInI nizAnI karavI. 6. kartA ne enI kRtionuM vivecanAtmaka mUlyAMkana sarvasvIkRta heya e. ane khapapUratuM ja ApavuM; adhikaraNane aMte lekhakanA kAryane samagra dazI sAra ke samagradazI mUlyAMkana na ApavuM. saMdarbha 1. saMdarbha sAmagrImAM saMdarbhagraMthe-sAmayikane nirdeza nIcenA vibhAga, mujaba karo: sarvaprathama kartA ne enI kRtio vizenA svataMtra graMtha, e pachI kartA ke kRti vize vigate ke vivecana maLatAM hoya evA caritrAtmaka ke vivecanAtmaka saMgraha (emAM ItihAsagraMthane vivecanasaMgraha baMnene samAveza thaze) ane e pachI sAmayikomAMnA kartA ke kRtiviSayaka lekho. 2. saMdarbhagraMthane kama saLaMga ja rAkha paNa dareka vibhAga pachI, ene anya vibhAganA graMthothI judo pADavA polA corasanuM cihna mUkavuM. 3. saMdarbhagraMthane nirdeza graMthanuM nAma, lekhaka ke saMpAdakanuM nAma tathA prakAzanavarSa e krame karavo. emAM (ka) graMthanAma avataraNucihnamAM lakhavuM nahIM, (kha) lekhaka ke saMpAdakanuM nAma pustaka upara heya e mujaba ja lakhavuM, (ga) prakAzanavarSa, zakya hoya tyAM sudhI te pahelI AvRttinuM meLavIne ja lakhavuM ane e pachInI koI AvRtti vizeSapaNe saMvardhita ke saMzodhita hoya te, "saMvardhita | saMzodhita Ave evA nirdezathI, e varSa paNa seMdhavuM. prakAzanavarSa IsavIsanamAM hoya te enI pUrve I. lakhavuM jarUrI nathI paNa saMvatamAM hoya tyAM saM. mUkavuM. 4. saMpAdaka mATe saM. evo saMkSepa evo paNa lekhaka' zabda ke ene saMkSepAkSara lakhavAnI jarUra nathI. 5. sAmayikane saMdarbha ApatAM (a) sAmayikanuM nAma (ekavaDAM avataraNa cihnomAM), prakAzananAM mAsa (ke kaimAsika Adi hoya te mAsane gALo) ane varSa lakhavAM. e pachI DaeNza karI lekhanuM nAma (ekavaDAM avataraNa cihnomAM) ane lekhakanuM (aTakathI nahIM paNa prathama nAmathI AraMbhAtuM) nAma lakhavAM. 6. A saMdarbhe niHzeSa sUci rUpe nahIM paNa vizeSa vAcana ("phAdhara rIDiMga') tarIke mUkavAnA hoI mukhya ne mahattvanA graMthamAM AvI

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gayelI sAmagrI ja saMgrahane sAmayikamAM AvatI hoya te evA saMgraha ne sAmayikano samAveza saMdarbhamAM anivArya na gaNavo. kRti adhika 1. adhikaraNazIrSakamAM kRtinuM nAma ekavaDAM avataraNucihnomAM lakhavuM. 2. e pachI koNAkAra kausamAM kRtinuM prathama AvRttinuM) prakAzavarSa lakhavuM. 3. e pachI guruvirAma ( kaeNlana) karI kRtinA lekhaka (ane kRti maraNottara hoya te lekhaka tathA saMpAdaka bane) tathA kRtinA sAhityaprakAranI mAhitIthI adhikaraNane AraMbha kare. 4. kRtiadhikaraNamAM kRtine sAmagrI ane racanAprakAranI daSTie agatyane hoya te paricaya tathA sarvasvIkRta ne khapapUratuM mUlyAMkana ApavAM. upayogI hoya tyAM prakAzanane ItihAsa paNa ApI zakAya. 5. kRtiadhikaraNa sAthe saMdarbha vibhAga raheze nahIM.

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namUnAnAM adhikAraNe 1. kartA-adhikAraNe aMjAriyA, hiMmatalAla gaNezajI (ja. 2-10-1877 - ava. 26-6-1972 ]: saMpAdaka. rAjakoTamAM janma. mAtA nirbhayakuMvara. jJAtie vaDanagarA nAgara. vaDodarAthI 1898mAM bI. e. thaI 189mAM goMDala rAjyanA keLavaNI khAtAmAM nokarI svIkArI. 1905mAM ema.e. thayA pachI 1906thI 1972 sudhI muMbaInI nagarapAlikAnI zALA samitimAM pahelAM madadanIza ane pachIthI mukhya adhIkSaka tarIke kAmagIrI bajAvI. nivRtti pUrvenA eka dasakA daramyAna, pachIthI ka tathA esa. ena. DI. TI. yunivarsiTI tarIke jANItI thayelI, mahilA kolejanI sthApanA ane tenuM saMcAlana. AjIvana adhyayana-adhyApanamAM rata rahelA aMjAriyA vyApakapaNe upayogI nIvaDe evAM gujarAtInI gadya-padya kRtionAM saMpAdana ApatA rahelA. A saMpAdanemAM dezabhaktinAM kAvyo' (1903 / 1905), "kavitApraveza' (1908), gujarAtI nATakonAM gIte sahitanI pracalita gujarAtI geya racanAone saMcaya "saMgItamaMjarI' (1909), bAlakAvyone saMcaya madhubindu' (1915), "padyasaMgraha' (1920), "sAhityapravezikA' (1922), tenI 1943mAM karelI zAleya AvRtti "sAhityaprAraMbhikA', "kAvyamAdhurya (1930), "gapraveza : 1-2' (1931-32), "paghapraveza' (1932), "kAvyasaurabha' (1949) vagere sAhityarasikonI vAcanaruci mATe tema ja vidyAthIone pUraka vAcana mATe sahAyaka banelAM che. e saumAM 19mI ane 20mI sadInA saMdhikALanI gujarAtI kavitAnuM pAlgavanI golDana TrejharI'nI badhATIe thayeluM saMpAdana "kAvyamAdhurya' (1930) noMdhapAtra bane che, jyAre vIsamI sadInA pUrvArdhanI gujarAtI kavitAnuM pratinidhitva karatuM "kAvyasaurabha (1949) tulanAmAM nabaLuM Thare che. uparyukta saMpAdanemAMnA abhyAsalekhomAM emanI kAvyaruci, sAhityanI samaja tathA emanA saraLa, pravAhI ane chaTAyukta gadyane paricaya maLe che. A saMpAdana uparAMta emaNe kAlidAsakRta nATaka "vikamarvazIyamane anuvAda (1906) paNa karyo che. gujarAtI kavitA ane sAhitya uparAMta emaNe itihAsa, bhUgoLa, strIzikSaNa tathA bALauchera jevA viSayone AvarI letI keTalIka pustikAo paNa lakhI che.

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umaravADiyA, manubhAI lAlabhAI 5 ava. saMdarbha : 1. arvAcIna kavitA, su Mdaram,1 946; 2. gujarAta sAhityasabhA, amadAvAda, kA vahI : sane 1949-50; 3. ejana : 1955; 4. ejana 1963; 5. graMtha ane graMthakAra: 1, saM. hIrAlAla tri. pArekha, 1930.. umaravADiyA, anubhAI lAlabhAI [ja. 13-7-1899 18-1-1950 ] : nATyakAra. veDachA(ji. surata)mAM anAvila brAhmaNa jJAtimAM janma. prAthamika-mAdhyamika zikSaNa, pitAnI sarakArI nokarIne kAraNe judAMjudAM gAmeAmAM. bI. e. 1920mAM muMbaImAMthI. te pachI keTalAka samaya khAnagI ane sarakArI nokarI karI. 1927mAM muMbaImAMthI elaela. khI. thaI vakIlAta zarU karI. vakIlAta nimitte suratavAsa (1928-1936 ) daramyAna emaNe sAmAjika pravRttiomAM sakriya rasa lIdhA ane 1928nA bAraDolI satyAgraha vakhate ka. mA. munazInA adhyakSapaNA nIce racAyelI binasarakArI bAraDolI tapAsasamitinA maMtrI tarIke kAma karyu. 1936thI 1949 emaNe amadAvAda milamAlikama`DaLanA pagAradAra maMtrI tarIke noMdhapAtra kAmagIrI bajAvI. emAMthI nivRtta thaI pharI vakIlAta zarU karI, je daramyAna phUMka samayamAM ja amadAvAdamAM emanuM avasAna thayuM. kaoNlejakALathI ja sAhityika pravRttiomAM utsAhapUrvaka sakriya banelA khaTubhAI, 1915 pachI ApaNe tyAM Isana, zo, AskAra vAIlDa Adi yuropIya sAhityakAronA vaicArika ne zailIgata prabhAva nIce je praNAlikAbhaMjaka, ra'gada` sAhityika AbehavA prasarI tenA, munazI vagerenI sAthe, eka vAhaka banyA. 1920mAM ja emaNe 'rasagItA'nA vilakSaNa zIMka nIce yuvAnahRdayanI UrmionA AviSkArarUpa gadyakAvyone nAnakaDo saMcaya pragaTa karyAM. jemAM misisa brAuniMganAM saoNneTa parathI sUcita racanAo paNa che; ane 1921mAM mAnavazaktinA durvyaya tathA samAjanAM aniSTone viSaya karIne cAlatA zeriDananA suprasiddha nATaka * dha skUla phaeNAra skenDala'nuM rUpAMtara 'sa MsAra eka jIvananATaca' prasiddha karyuM. je navA sAmAjika vicAsa taraphanA khaTubhAInA AkaSa NunA nirdeza kare che. 1920mAM baTubhAIe vijayarAya vaidya sAthe 'cetana'ane 1921mAM jyAhnA zukala sAthe 'vinoda' mAsika zarU karyAM hatAM ( te 1923 sudhI calAvelAM ) e paNa sAhityamAM navI keDIe pADavAnA emanA utsAhanA pratIkarUpa hatAM. munazIe potAnI AsapAsa tejasvI taruNAnuM maMDaLa racI 1922-23mAM sAhityasa MsadanI sthApanA karIne 'gujarAta' mAsika zarU karyuM temAM paNa baTubhAI hissedAra banyA. baTubhAI e potAnI klamane lAbha cetana' tathA 'vinoda'te tema 3

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11 umaravADiyA, baTubhAI lAlabhAI gujarAtIne tathA kaumudI' vagere anya sAmayikane paNa sundararAma tripAThI, kizorIlAla zarmA, hararAya trivedI, kamaLa, bindu, sanata vagere chaghanAmeupanAmone upayoga karIne, Apela ane sarjana-vivecananA keTalAka prathA paNa emAM karelA. A prayogonuM eka pariNAma te vAtanuM vana' nAme vArtAsaMgraha (1924). zIrSaka sUcave che tema A saMgrahamAM ThIkaThIka rItibheda darzAvatI ne aNudhaDa paNa rahI gayelI vArtAracanAo che ne eka ekAMkI nATaka tathA eka aMgata nibaMdha paNa che. A kRtiomAM baTubhAInI vilakSaNa vicArasRSTine prabhAva che. paraMtu ene vadhAre kalAtmaka ne sabaLa abhivyakti sAMpaDI che emanAM ekAMkI nATakamAM. 1922mAM lakhAyelA emanA pahelA dhyAna kheMcatA nATaka jomaharSiNIne samAvate "masyagaMdhA ane gAMgeya tathA bIjAM cAra nATako' (1925) ane "mAlAdevI ane bIjAM nATako' (1927) e nATaTyasaMgrahe pachI baTubhAIe "zaivAlinI ane bIjAM nATako' e nAme saMgraha karavA vicAreluM, paNa e thaI zakyuM nahIM ane 192mAM lakhAyelA chellA nATaka "zaivalinI'ne baTubhAInAM pasaMda karelAM nATakanA maraNottara saMgraha "baTubhAInAM nATako' (saM. anaMtarAya rAvaLa, 151)mAM ja samAvavAnuM thayuM. "masyagaMdhA ane gAMgeya tathA bIjA cAra nATakomAMnA mahammada pegaMbara " e nATakane kAraNe baTubhAIne muslimone virodha sahana karavAne AvyuM ane sarakArI pratibaMdhane kAraNe saMgrahamAMthI e nATaka rada karI "mananAM bhUta" nAme nATaka mUkavAnuM thayuM. Adhunika samayane anurUpa navAM mUlyanI khojamAM gaMbhIrapaNe pravRtta thayelA baTubhAI paurANika viSayane sparzatA ne pitAnuM navuM arthaghaTana mUkatA te tathA samAjavyavasthA paratvenA baTubhAIne keTalAka krAtikAraka vicAre paraMparAgata mAnasane AghAta lagADanArA nIvaDyA. chatAM vicAra emanAM nATakanuM eka baLavAna pAsuM banI rahyo. dazyabahulatA tathA samayavistArane kAraNe ekAMkImAM apekSita saghanatAnI daSTie UNI UtaratI baTubhAInI A racanAo prAraMbhakALanI keTalIka kacAza dharAve che chatAM e kRtio enA vicArabaLa, vicArane anurUpa eka nATayakSama paristhitinI saMkalpanA, dyotaka sajIva pAtrAlekhana ane vAchaTAyukata saMvAdothI potAnuM eka AgavuM rUpa ghaDe che, je baTubhAIne gujarAtI nATakanA itihAsamAM gauravabharyuM sthAna apAve che. . 1928-2lmAM baTubhAI thoDA samaya mATe jokhkhA zukla sAthe "sudarzana' sAptAhikanA taMtrI banelA, paraMtu vastutaH A samayathI emanI

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kalApI" 1 sAhityika kArakirdI sthagita thaI gayelI hatI. 1935mAM "rAsagaMjali nAmaka garabAsaMgraha tathA "zAkuntalane pAtranAma, prasaMge vagerenA pheraphAra vaDe arvAcIna samayamAM DhALIne taiyAra kareluM rasalakSI rUpAMtara "zakuntalA rasadarzana' pragaTa thAya che. paNa e mAtra kSaNika jhabakAra nIvaDe che ane baTubhAIne tAre gujarAtI sAhityAkAzamAM jhaLakate rahetA nathI. 1937mAM kIrtidAne kamaLanA patro' prakAzita thAya che, paNa e 1924-25mAM mAnasI'mAM lakhAyelI lekhamALA che. munazInA "gujarAta eNnDa iTrasa liTarecaranI samIkSA nimitte A graMthamAM gujarAtI sAhityanI siddhiasiddhionuM rasALa ne ramatiyALa patrazailIe marmagrAhI avalokana rajU thayuM che, je arUDha vivecanane eka lAkSaNika namUne banI rahe che. baTubhAInI keTalIka sAmagrI graMthastha thavI bAkI che temAM 1926mAM "ApaNA keTalAka mahAjana' e zIrSakathI "gujarAtamAM pragaTa thayela agragaNya gujarAtIonAM nijI daSTinAM ne nikhAlasa rekhAcitro, 1926-27mAM "suvarNa mAlAmAM pragaTa thayela "madhusUdana" nAme adhUrI navalakathA tathA prakIrNa lekhone nirdeza kare. joIe. saMdarbha : 1. ekAMkI ane gujarAtI ekAMkI, saM. jayaMta koThArI, 1980; 2. graMtha ane graMthakAra : 1, saM. hIrAlAla tri. pArekha. 1930; 3. baTubhAInAM nATaka, saM. anaMtarAya rAvaLa, 1951, - "A nATaka" nAmaka prastAvanAlekha; 4. mAnasI, sapTe. 1950. - kalApI surasiMhajI takhtasiMhajI gohila (ja. 26-1-1874 - ava. 9-6-1900): kavi ane gadyakAra. lAThI (ji. amarelI)nA rAjakuTuMbamAM janma. mAtAnuM nAma rAmabA. 1882thI 1890 sudhI rAjakeTanI rAjakumAra kolejamAM prAthamika zikSaNa, je AMkhonI takalIpha, rAjakIya khaTapaTo ne kauTuMbika kalezone kAraNe e vakhatanA aMgrejI pAMcamAM dhoraNa AgaLa aTakayuM. A daramyAna 1889mAM rehA(kaccha)nAM rAjabA (ramA) tathA keTaDA-sAMgANInAM AnaMdIbA sAthe lagna. pitA ane moTAbhAInA avasAnathI sagIra vaye ja gAdIvArasa TharelA surasiMhane 1895mAM lAThIsaMsthAnanuM rAjapada soMpAyuM. ramA sAthe AvelI khavAsa jAtinI dAsI meMghI (pachIthI zobhanA) para DhaLelI vatsalatA, ene keLavavA jatAM sadhAyelI nikaTatAne kAraNe, gADha prItimAM pariNamI ane kalApInA AMtarabAhya jIvanamAM meTa khaLabhaLATa macI gaye. ghaNA sAMsArika, mAnasika, vaicArika saMgharSone aMte

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Q 1 kalApIe 1898mAM zAbhanA sAthe lagna karyuM. Rju ne sa MvaidanazIla prakRtinA A kavi prApta rAjadhama bajAvavA chatAM rAjasattA ane rAjakA mAM potAnI jAtane goThavI zakayA naheAtA, ne chevaTe gAdItyAgano dRDha nirdhAra karI cUkelA kalApInuM, chappaniyA dukALa (1900) vakhate prajAdhama aAvatAMbajAvatAM, lAThImAM avasAna thayuM. ghaNuM ochuM aupacArika zikSaNa pAmelA kalApIe aMgata zikSako zekI aMgrejI-saMskRta sAhityanuM zikSaNa meLavyu. phArasI-urdU paNa abhyAsa karyAM ane vAcana-adhyayananI ruci keLavI. gujarAtI tathA tara bhASAnA sAhityaprathAnA vAcane tema ja vAjasUravALA, maNilAla, kAnta, saMcita vagerenA sa Mparke kalApInI sAhityika dRSTi te sajjatA keLavavAmAM dhaNA phALA Apyo jaNAya che. kalApIe kAvyaracanAnA AraMbha 1890 AsapAsa karelA paNa pachI e varSe e prakAzamAM AvyA. e ja vakhate patro rUpe kAzmIranA pravAsanu varNana paNa lakhAyuM che. eTale kalApInI sAhityakAra tarIkenI kArakidI` 1892thI AraMbhAI ema kahI zakAya. e jaTile sUcaveluM 'kalApI' upanAma te cheka 1898 pachIthI yojAyelu jovA maLe che. e pUrva sa Mcite sUcavelu gaNAtu ane sacita paranA 1892 jeTalA jUnA patromAM premamadhukara', 'madhukara' evI sahI rUpe dekhA detuM 'madhukara' upanAma kalApIe emanI kAvyakRtio sAthe bleDelu ane potAnA kAvyasa MgrahanuM nAma paNa 'madhukarano gu MjArava ' rAkhavAnuM vicAreluM. 1892thI 1900 sudhInI kalApInI sa kAvyaracanAone samAvatA 'kalApIno kekArava'nu 1903mAM kavi kAntane hAthe maraNAttara prakAzana thayuM. jagannAtha tripAddI 'sAgara'nI 1931nI saMvidha`ta saTippaNa AvRtti pachI paNa A bRhat sa MgrahanI AvRttie thatI rahI che tema ja emAMthI pasa Mda karelAM kAvyonAM anekavidha sa MpAdana thayAM che. varDjhavartha, zailI, kITsa vagerenI romAnTika kavitA para parAthI prabhAvita kalApIe e kavionAM keTalAMka kAvyAnAM bhAvavAhI rUpAMtarA ne anuvAdo paNa karyAM che tathA narasi MharAva, khAlAzaMkara, maNilAla ane kAntanI kavitAnI chAyA paNa jhIlI che. tema chatAM kalApInuM sarjana emanA anubhavano raNako laIne Ave che ane kalApInAM ghaNAMbadhAM kAvyo to emanA jIvanasa vedana ane saMdhamAMthI phUTelAM che. kalApInA jIvanasa Mdha parAkASThAe hatA tyAre - 189798mAM - sauthI vadhAre pramANamAM ane vadhu noMdhapAtra kAvyo maLe che e sUcaka che.

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15 "kalApI vizeSapaNe premanA ne e uparAMta prakRti, prabhuprema ne ciMtananA bhAvone vyakta karatI kalApInI kavitA mukhyatve chaMdobaddha laghu kAvya ne gajhale jevA AtmalakSI UrmikAvyanA prakAramAM tathA keTaleka aMze khaMDakAvya jevA paralakSI kAvyaprakAramAM vahI che. saMskRta vRtabaddha kavitAmAM, belAtI gujarAtI bhASAnA viniyogathI nipajelI prAsAdika kAvyabAnI, mastaraMgI saMvedananI tIvratAe emanI gajhalamAM pragaTAvelI lAkSaNika abhivyaktichaTA, khaMDakAvyamAM caritrAMkananI sughaDatA ne UrmivicAranuM manorama Alekhana kalApInI AgavI mudrA AMke che. kalAsaMyamanA prakRtigata abhAvane kAraNe tathA keLavaNIne pUrato lAbha na pAmavAne lIdhe emanI kavitAmAM racanAnI zithilatA ne AnInAM atisaralatA ne gadyALutA jaNAya che. khaMDakAvya prakAranI kavitAmAM paNa kalApI vastulakSitA jhAjhI siddha karI zakyA nathI. paNa hRdayaMgama ciMtanazIlatA, sahaju saMvedananuM mAdhuryabharyuM nirUpaNa Adi emanI kavitAne hadya banAve che. chellAM varSomAM te emanI kalame prauDhi paNa prApta karI lIdhelI. kalApIne kekArava'nI 1931nI AvRttimAM samAvAyelA, 4 sarganA hamIrajI gohela'nA 3 sargo 191ramAM kAnta svataMtra graMtha rUpe pragaTa karelA. skoTanA leDI oNva dha leIka'nA svarUpane AdhAra tarIke rAkhI 1897mAM AraMbheluM A kAvya 4 sage adhUruM ja rahyuM che. mahAkAvya rUpe racavA dhArelI 2000 uparAMta paMktionI A ItihAsa-AdhArita kRti khaMDakAvyanI vadhu najIka rahe che. saMkalananI kacAza ne nirUpaNanI dIrdhA sUtritAne lIdhe zithila rahetuM hovA chatAM kalApInI rucira varNanarItinI daSTie tema ja dIrgha kathAvastune AlekhatI kRti lekhe e noMdhapAtra bane che. - kalApIe pravAsavarNana, saMvAda, anuvAdo, DAyarI, Atmakathana ane patro rUpe gadyalekhana paNa karyuM che. 1891-92mAM karelA bhAratapravAsa daramyAna pitAnA zikSaka narahari jozIne patro rUpe lakhAyela "kAzmIrane pravAsanuM jAhera prakAzana 1912mAM kAzmIrane pravAsa, kalApInA saMvAda ane svIDanaborgane dharmavicAra' e graMthamAM thayuM. A pravAsakathanamAM prakRtinA saundaryadarzananA vismayane AlekhatAM Urmirasita ne surekha varNane tathA lekajIvananAM jhINAM nirIkSaNa noMdhapAtra che. jyAM pravAsanA anubhavenuM nirUpaNa sAhajika rahyuM che tyAM tAjagIyukta jaNAtuM gadya aMgrejI-saMskRta thenA vAcanane prabhAva paDyo che tyAM kaMIka AyAsI banyuM che. | leTe ane svIDanaborganA tattvaciMtanamAMthI vicArasAmagrI laIne tathA lekakathAomAMthI pAtro laIne kalApIe lakhelA cAra saMvAdamAM UrminuM

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13 * kalApI' khaLa ne vicAranA taNakhA noMdhapAtra che. ciMtanAtmaka vastune saMvAdonI chaTAmAM mUkI ApatA gadyanu emAM eka lAkSaNika rUpa Upase che. 'svIDanakhA'no dha'vicAra ' mULa kAntane uddezIne lakhAyelA lAMbA ga MbhIra patra che. kalApInI ci MtanakSamatAno emAM sArA paricaya maLI rahe che. , sAhityakAra mitro, snehIo tathA kuTuMbIjano para kalApIe lakhelA 679 patro 'kalApInA 144 patro' (saM. munikumAra bhaTTa, 1925) ane 'kalApInI patradhArA' (sa. jorAvarasi MhajI surasiMhajI gohila, 1931)mAM graMthastha thayA che, te sivAya 'kaumudI' vageremAM prakAzita, keTalAka prathAmAM AMzika rUpe uSkRta te Aja sudhI apragaTa aneka patro graMthastha thavA khAkI che. patromAM kalApInu nirdabha, nikhAlasa te Urmila vyaktitva Upase che te uparAMta emanA jIvanakArya, sAhityasAdhanA ne ci MtanazIlatAno paricaya paNa maLe che. A patro rocaka ane avAranavAra vedhaka banatI gadyazailInI dRSTie paNa dhyAna kheMce che. O svIDanabogIya ci MtananA AkarSaNane lIdhe, emanI dhArmika mAnyatAenA kAMIka pracAra jevI, jemsa spiliMganI e aMgrejI navalakathAonAM rUpAMtara kalApIe karelAM. 'Wreath and the ring'nuM 'kAntano dinacaryAlekha' nAme, me 1900mAM kareluM rUpAMtara 1912mAM kAnte 'mALA ane mudrikA ' nAme prakAzita kareluM. e ja gALAmAM Ara bheluM bAjI navalakathA* Charies Robinson 'nuM eka AtmAnA itihAsanuM eka svarUpa' nAme rUpAntara kalApI pUruM karI zakelA nahIM. ene ramaNIkalAla dalAla pAse pUruM karAvI 1933mAM ramaNIka mahetAe 'nArIhRdaya' nAmathI pragaTa kareluM. koI sAhityarasathI nahIM paNa dha zraddhArthI prerAI ne kalApIe karelAM A rUpAntaranuM gadya prAsAdika che. lApI niyamitapaNe aMgata DAyarI lakhatA hovAnA tathA 1897 AsapAsa emaNe AtmakathA lakhavAnuM AraMbhyAnA nirdeza maLe che paNa emanA avasAna pachI A baMne prakAranAM lakhANA kayAMyathI prApta thayAM nathI. saMda` : 1. kalApI, navalarAma ja. trivedI, 1944; 2. kalApI ane sacit, rameza ma, zukala, 1981; 3. kalApI - eka adhyayana, indravadana kA. dave, 1969; 4. kalApIdana, saM. dhanavaMta zAha, gu Mjana aravaLiyA, 1975; ] 5. arvAcIna kavitA, sundarama, 1946; 6. kalApIno kAvyakalApa, sa aMtarAya rAvaLa, 1954 - prastAvanAlekha.

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karasanadAsa mULajI 10 karasanadAsa mULajI [ja. 25-3-1832 - ava. 28-8-1871]: sudhAraka, patrakAra ne pravAsalekhaka. janma muMbaImAM. jJAtie vIsA kapALa vaNika. bALapaNamAM mAtAnuM mRtyu. pitAe bIju lagna karyuM tyArathI uchera mosALamAM. mAdhyamika ne ucca zikSaNa eliphansTana insTiTyUTamAM. kolejakALa daramyAna, 185rathI ja, pragatizIla vicAravalaNone kAraNe mosALane paNa AdhAra gumAvyuM. ethI pratikULa banelA Arthika saMyogomAM abhyAsa adhUre cheDI, muMbaInI eka zALAmAM zikSaka banyA ne vacce 1857mAM thoDAka mAsa DIsAmAM heDamAstara rahI AvyA. A sivAya 1855thI 1863 sudhI "satyaprakAza", "rAstagophatAra" ane "strIbodha'nuM taMtrIkArya saMbhALyuM ne dhArmika-sAmAjika badIo viruddha nibhI katAthI lakhyuM. enA eka pariNAma rUpe, emanA para 1861mAM "mahArAja lAyabala kesa" thaye je ekale hAthe laDIne e jItyA. 1863mAM ane e pachI 1867mAM, ema be vAra vyavasAyanimitte IMgleMDa gayA. jJAtithI bahiSkRta thayA chatAM samAdhAna na svIkAryuM. 1867 thI 1871 sudhI, pahelAM rAjakeTamAM ne pachI lIMbaDImAM sarakArI prazAsakanI kAmagIrI karI. tyAM emanI sudhAraka-pravRttio vistarI. lIMbaDImAM avasAna. buddhivardhaka sabhAmAM vaMcAya ane pachI enA vArSikamAM pragaTa thaye, (1853) e dezATaNa vize nibaMdha' karasanadAsanuM prathama jAhera lakhANa. tyAra pachI "satyaprakAza, "rAsta gophatAra' ane "strIbodha'mAM ekadhArI rIte pragaTa thatAM rahelAM emanAM lakhANe mukhyatve dhArmika, naitika ke sAmAjika sudhAraNAviSayaka hatAM. A lakhANone samAvatA emanA graMtha pradhAnapaNe emanI sudhAraka tarIkenI ane gauNapaNe vicAraka tarIkenI pratibhA upasAve che. AvA graMthamAM, vyaktigata ane sAmAjika nIti prabodhatA nItisaMgraha' (1856) ane nItivacana' (anuvAda, 1859), strI-upayogI, bodhapradhAna tathA narmazaktinI camakavALA lekhono saMcaya "saMsAra sukha" (1860); hAsyakaTAkSabharyA, hetulakSI, saMvAdapradhAna prasaMgeno saMgraha "kuTuMbamitra' (1887); rUDhibhaMjaka ane brAhmaNonI svArthI dhatAne ughADI pADatI pustikA vedadharma tathA vedadharma pachInAM dharmapustake' (1866) ane sudhAraNAviSayaka nibaMdhono saMgraha "nibaMdhamALA' (1870) -eTalAMno samAveza thAya che. "mahArAja lAyabala kesa' (1862) jadunAthajI mahArAje emanI sAme mAMDelA badanakSInA kesano samagra ahevAla Ape che te mahArAjeno itihAsa' (1865; e ja varSe aMgrejImAM hisTarI evuM dha sekaTa

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19 gAhila, surasiMhajI takhtasiMhajI vU mahArAjAjha ra vallabhAcAryAjha') vallabha saMpradAyanA mahArAjonI anItine aitihAsika tathyo sAthe nirUpe che. karasanadAsanI sauthI vadhu teoMdhapAtra kRti che. 'iMglAMDamAM pravAsa' (1866). iMgleMDanAM mahattvanAM sthaLAnAM vividhara`gI citro dharAvatA A graMtha, iMgleMDanAM vividha sthaLeAnAM rocaka citrAtmaka varNano sAthe tyAMnI prajA, saMskRti ane tatkAlIna sAmAjika-rAjakIya pariveza vizenAM lekhakanAM nirIkSaNAne paNa vIgate nirUpe che. ethI, gujarAtI pravAsasAhityamAM enu sthAna viziSTa che. Azare 10,000 zabdo dharAvatA zALApayogI laghukoza dhI paoNkeTa gujarAtI.iMglIza DIkSanarI' (1862) emanu bIju mahattvanu kAma che. A uparAMta, nItiAdhaka' (1857), rAmamohanarAya' ( 1858 ), 'sudhArA ane mahArAja' ( 1861) vagere patrikAo; 'muMbaIbajAra' (1859 ) ane 'svadha bodhaka pAkhaDakhaDana' (1860) e alpakAlIna sAmayika tathA 'DAMDiyA'mAMnAM karasanadAse lakhelAM kahevAtAM keTalAMka anAmI lakhANA - eTaluM emanuM anya lekhana-kAya` paNa sudhArakapatrakAra tarIkenI emanI jIvana-pravRttine ja nirdeze che. *' sada : 1. uttama kapoLa karasanadAsa mULajI, mahIpatarAma nIlakaMTha, 1877; 2. karasanadAsa mULajI ane tatsaMbaMdhanA vicAra, manaHsukharAma tripADI, 1879; ] 3. itihAsa ane sAhitya, bhogIlAla ja. sAMDesarA, 1966; 4. gujarAtI sAhityanI rUparekhA : 2, vijayarAya ka. vaidya, 1967 (sa Mvardhita AvRtti ); 5. graMtha ane graMthakAra : 5, saM. hIrAlAla tri. pArekha, 1934. gAhila, surasi'hajI takhtasiMhajI : juo 'kalApI.' " dalAla, jayaMti ghelAbhAI (ja. 18-11-1909 - ava. 24-8 -1970 ) : nATayakAra, vArtAkAra, navalakathAkAra ane anuvAdaka. amadAvAdamAM vIsA osavALa jaina kuTubamAM janma. pitA ghelAbhAI * dezI nATaka samAja'nA saMcAlaka hatA. ethI A pharatI nATakaka panIne lIdhe, emanu prAthamika tathA mAdhyamika zikSaNu vividha sthaLe thayelu . 1925mAM maeNTrika thaI ucca abhyAsa mATe te gujarAta kaoNlejamAM joDAyelA. paNuM rASTrIya pravRttiomAMnI sakriyatAne kAraNe 1930mAM bI. e. nA chellA varSImAM hatA te abhyAsa cheDayo. e vakhatathI AraMbhAyelI emanI rAjakIya kArakidI, 1956mAM e mahAgujarAtanI laDatamAM joDAyA ne pachI 1957mAM vidhAnasabhAnA sabhya

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dalAla, jayati ghelAbhAI. 19 thayA tyAre zikharasthAne pahoMcI, 1962mAM e cUMTaNI hAryA tyAM sudhI TakI ne noMdhapAtra rahI. amadAvAdanI rAjakIya-sAmAjika pravRttio sAthe to e, eka samAjavAdI vicAraka rUpe, avasAnaparyaM ta saMkaLAyelA rahyA. dalAla vyavasAye mudraka. 1939thI jiM dagIparyaMta emaNe presa calAvyuM. A uparAMta judejude samaye ghaNI vaicArika ne kalAlakSI pravRttie karI. 'rekhA' (1939-40 ) ane 'ekAMkI' (1951) nAmanAM sAhitya-ragabhUminAM sAmayikonuM saMpAdana karyuM. 'gati' sAptAhika ane mahAgujarAta AMdolana samaye 'navagujarAta'dainika e vicArapatro calAvyAM. nATayakSetre abhinaya ane digdarzanamAM sakriya rasa lIdhe ane dRzyakalAnI zakayatAo pratyenA vizvAsathI prerAI dilhInA eka aMgrejI philmasAptAhikanuM saMpAdana karavA sAthe 'bikhare motI' nAmaka gujarAtI philmanu nirmANa (1935) karavA sudhI pahoMcyA. paNa emanI noMdhapAtra sevA tA sAhityakAra tarIkenI ja gaNAya. sAhityane emaNe karelA viziSTa pradAna mATe dalAlane raNajitarAma suvarNa caMdraka (1959 ) te na da suvarNa caMdrakanu bahumAna paNa prApta thayeluM. vyavasAyI raMgabhUmi para ja uchera thayo hAvAthI takhtAnI paNa UMcI jANakArI dharAvatA dalAle 'javanikA' (1941), 'praveza khIjo'(1950), 'praveza trIjo' (1953) ane 'cothA praveza' (1957) e cAra saMgrahAmAM kula 43 prayogazIla ekAMkI nATako ApIne ekAMkI nATakanA kSetre agrasthAna prApta karyu che. emanI bauddhika sajjatAe ane nATaka sAthenI UMDI nisbate emanA atyaMta sAhasika prayogane paNa eLe javA dIdhA nathI. 'sAyanuM nAkuM, 'draupadIneA sahakAra', joIe che, joI e chIe' jevI kRti emanI sama` ne saphaLa prayogazIlatAnA namUnArUpa che. jIvananA UMDo saMsparzI karAvatuM vastu, kaTAkSanI camakavALA ne jIvanarahasyane uThAva ApatA saMvAdo, elacAlanI chaTAthI pragaTatI mArmikatA, uktilAdhava tathA vastune takhtA para prabhAvaka rIte rajU karatI arUDha nirUpaNarIti emanI vizeSatA che. ati sUkSma vATavALI lAghavayukta zailIe emanA saMvAdone kavacit durgaMdha paNa rAkhyA che. 'avataraNa'(1949) nAmanuM eka vilakSaNa prayogarUpa vicArakendrI triaMkI nATaka tathA vividha vayajUthanAM bALako-kizArA mATe karelA raMgAraNa' Adi cAra saMgrahA(1958)mAM emaNe bALanATako paNa ApyAM che. DAhyAbhAI dhoLazAjInA 'vINAvelI'nA eka pAtrane kendramAM rAkhIne emaNe 'dhamale mALI' (1962)nAme eka reDhiyA saMkalana kareluM tathA emanAM nATakonuM saMpAdana-prakAzana (bhAga : 1,1964; 2, 1966;

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20 dalAla, jayati lAbhAI 3,1969) kareluM emAM nATayaprIti uparAMta DAhyAbhAI joLazAjI pratye emane premAdara paNa khare. vArtAkAra tarIke paNa jayaMti dalAla praganiSTha ne uttama sarjakazaktivALA lekhaka hatA. 1941thI 1968 sudhInA lagabhaga be dAyakA sudhI vArtAsarjana karI 'uttarA' (1944), "jUjavAM' (1950), "kathareTamAM gaMgA' (1950), "mUkama kareti' (1953), "A ghera, pele ghera' (1956), aDakhepaDakhe' (1964) ane "yudhiSThira ?' (1968) e sAta saMgrahamAM kula 135 vArtAo emaNe ApI che. 1963 sudhInI vArtAomAMthI 24 pasaMda karIne emaNe pote "ISata' (1963) nAmane eka saMgraha saMpAdita paNa karela. AraMbhamAM 'nirvAsita' upanAmathI lakhelI vArtAomAM paNa prayogazIlatA dAkhavanAra dalAle e pachI te kathA-AlekhananA ne racanArItinA anekavidha prayoga karyA. bAhya ghaTanAnI camatkRti para madAra bAMdhatI vArtArItine badale manaHsRSTimAM gujaratI ghaTanAne avalaMbatI kathAnirUpaNa rIti, saMvedananAM vividha parimANone upasAvI ApatAM dazyakalpanAnuM Alekhana ne bolacAlanI sahajatAvALI paNa arthasamarpaka ne mArmika bhASAne viniyoga - emanI vArtAkalAnA mukhya vizeSa che. vArtAracanAnI vividha TekanIkenI ajamAyaza thatI hovA chatAM emanI vArtAonuM kendra anubhUtinI saccAIne bauddhika pratIti rahyuM hovAthI tathA bahustarIya samAjane oLakhavAnI kSamatA ne vyaktinA AMtaravizvane grahavAnI paTutA emanAmAM hevAthI emanI sarjakatAnuM phalaka ghaNuM vizALa raheluM. emaNe lakhelI be navalakathAo paikI pahelI dhImu ane vibhA" (1943) buddhiniSTha jIvanadaSTivALA nAyakanA didhAtmaka AMtarasaMvedanane tathA nAyikAnA premasamarpaNane, prathamapuruSa kathanapaddhatie nirUpatI, karuNAnta kathA che. bIjI 'pAdaranAM tIratha" (1946) nirdaya polIsa damanane bhoga banelA samudAyanI mukhya ghaTanAnI bhItaramAM mAnavIya ne mamatAjanya saMvedana tathA sUkSma naitika mUlya vaccenI dvidhAmAM pragaTa thatA saMkula jIvanarahasyane upasAvI ApatI subaddha ne prabhAvaka kathA che. sarjanAtmaka sAhitya uparAMta jayaMti dalAle, rUDha raMgabhUminA jIvananI vAstavikatAne "pagadIvAnI pachItethI' (1940) mAM ane amadAvAdanA madhyamavargIya jIvananI viSamatAne "zaheranI zerI' (1948)mAM vArtAtmaka tema ja nibaMdhAtmaka rekhAcitrothI nirUpI ApyAM che tenuM gadyacitro lekhe

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nIlakaMTha, mahIpatarAma rUparAma 11 tema dastAvejI paNa ghaNu mUlya che. 'baMdA' upanAmathI 'navagujarAta'mAM emaNe gujarAtanA rAjakIya-sAmAjika jIvanane kendramAM rAkhIne karelAM TUMkAM vyakticitro ne laghu lekhAnA be saMgrahA 'manamAM Avyu' (1961) ane tarAnI otha mane bhArI' ( 1963)mAM emanI uttama kaTAkSazakitanA paricaya maLe che. nATaka ane raMgabhUminA svarUpa te itihAsane lagatA tathA nATayakAza ne nATayakRtio vize 1940thI lakhAtA rahelA emanA anubhavamUlaka te abhyAsapUrNa vivecanalekhA 'kAyA lAkaDAnI, mAyA lUgaDAnI' (1963 ) tathA 'nATaka vize' (sa. aniruddha brahmabhaTTa, rAdhezyAma zarmA, prakAza zAha,. 1974 )mAM gra Mthastha thayAM che. emanA lagabhaga dareka vArtAsaMgrahamAM prastAvanA rUpe, vArtAvivecananA lekhA paNa che. dalAlanuM A nATaya vArtAvivecana emAMnI nijI daSTithI te sarjakanI hesiyatathI thayelI vicAraNAthI juduM tarI Ave che. " jayaMti dalAlanI eka abhyAsI anuvAdaka tarIkenI sevAo paNa noMdhapAtra che. jyorja AravelanI dhI eNnimala phArmAM' ( anu. 'pazurAjya', 1947), TaoNlsTaoNyanI ' vAra eNnDa pIsa' ( anu. ' yuddha ane zAMti '(1 thI 4), 1954-1956 ), cArlsa DikansanI * greTa eNnspekTezana ' ( anu. * ane AzA bahu lAMbI', 1964) Adi navalakathAo; grIka nATyakAra eskAilasanu eNgememnAna ' (anu. eNgememnAna, 1963) Adi nATako ne keTalAMka jIvanacaritro ema kula 42 pustakonA anuvAda emaNe kyAM che. sAtatyathI tema ja pUrI cIvaTathI ane UMDI niSThAthI anuvAda-pravRtti calAvI, jagatanI uttama sarjanAtmaka kRtione gujarAtImAM utAravAno paDakAra emaNe jhIlelo. 6 sada : 1. jayaMti dalAla, praphulla rAvaLa, 1979; 2. jayaMti dalAla, raghuvIra caudharI, 1981; 3. sAhityakAra jayaMti dalAla, sI. eca. gAMdhI ' suhAsI ', 1978; [] 4. kumAra, sapTembara 1970. 'dvirepha ' : juo pAThaka, rAmanArAyaNa vizvanAtha. 249. 3-6 nIlaka, mahIpatarAma rUparAma [ja. 3-12-1829 1891 ] : keLavaNIkAra, sudhAraka, navalakathAkAra, caritrakAra. suratanA vaDanagarA. nAgara. suratanI gAmaThI zALAmAM prAthamika zikSaNa meLavI tyAMnI sarakAra aMgrejI zALAmAM abhyAsa karyAM ane tyAM ja 1851mAM madadanIza zikSaka tarIke joDAyA. e pachI 1852mAM muMbaI jaI eNlphinsTana insTiTayUTanA hAIskUla vibhAgamAM dAkhala thayA ne 1854mAM tyAM zikSaka nimAyA. 1857mAM ------

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22 nIlakaMTha, mahIpatarAma rUparAma amadAvAdanI mAdhyamika zALAnA mukhya zikSaka ne e pachI nirIkSaka banyA e -daramyAna 1859mAM "hopa vAcanamALA" samitinA sabhya tarIke pasaMdagI pAmelA mahIpatarAmane TreniMga kolejone anubhava levA sarakAre 1860mAM IMgleMDa mokalyA. tyAMthI AvIne 1861thI amadAvAdanI che. rA. TreniMga kolejanA nivRttiparyata AcArya rahyA. cheka 1850mAM parahejagAra" nAmanA patranuM saMpAdana karI cUkela mahIpatarAme 1862thI keTalAMka varSo sudhI gujarAta zALApatra'nA saMpAdaka tarIke rahI mahattvanI kAmagIrI bajAvelI. 1885mAM emane sI. AI. Ine sarakArI IlakAba maLela. "prArthanA samAja" ane "gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI" jevI aneka saMsthAomAM maMtrI ne pramukha tarIke tema ja sakriya kAryakara tarIke ne amadAvAda myunisipAliTInA kamizanara ane caeNramena tarIke paNa emaNe sevAo ApelI. avasAna amadAvAdamAM. gujarAtI sAhityane prathama pravAsagraMtha gaNAyelI emanI kRti "IMglAMDanI musApharInuM varNana' (1862)mAM iMgleMDanAM prasiddha sthaLonA paricaya uparAMta tyAMnI tatkAlIna rAjakIya-sAmAjika-zaikSaNika sthitinuM mugdha prazaMsAmUlaka Alekhana thayeluM jovA maLe che. uttama paLa karasanadAsa mULajI' (1877) samAnadharmA mitra karasanadAsanA jAherajIvanane mUlavatuM, narma-marmanI camaka vALuM, saraLa ane rasabharI zailI dharAvatuM gujarAtI sAhityanuM noMdhapAtra caritra che. "mahetAjI durgArAma maMchArAma caritra' (1879)nI pradhAna sAmagrI durgArAmanI rojanIzI hovA chatAM mahetAjInuM caritra UbhuM thAya evI mUlyAMkanarIti emaNe prajI che. "pArvatIkuMvara AkhyAna' (bIjI A. 1881) patnInuM guNadazI caritra AlekhatI gadyakRti che. "akabaracaritra' (bIjI A. 1887) emanuM itihAsaviSayaka caritra che. | gujarAtI sAhityanI prAraMbhakALanI, prAthamika svarUpanI, paNa aitihAsika - daSTie mahattvanI, mahIpatarAmanI traNa navalakathAomAMthI "sAsuvahunI laDAI (1866)mAM hindu kuTuMbajIvananAM pAtro, emanA svabhAva ane prasaMgenuM - hAsyanI chAMTavALuM nirUpaNa che. tatkAlIna lagnagIto ane daMtakathAone viniyoga sAdhatI emanI bane aitihAsika navalakathAo "sadharA jesaMga" (1880) ane "vanarAja cAvaDo' (1881) kevaLa prasaMga varNane ApatI kathAo jevI che. potAnI lAMbI prastAvanAmAM lekalAnA eka svarUpa lekhe * bhavAInI punaHsthApanAnI icchA vyakta karatA mahIpatarAme Apela, bhavAIne

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pAThaka, rAmanArAyaNa vizvanAtha re ogaNIsa vezene, sarvaprathama saMkalanarUpa "bhavAIsaMgraha' emanI agatyanI sAhityasevA che. kolaMbasa, gelelIo, nyUTana vagerenAM jIvanavRttAMta nirUpatuM caritranirUpaNa" (1856) tathA nAnAbhAI haridAsa sAthe maLIne emaNe kareluM caeNmbaranA pustakanuM bhASAntara bodhaka che. "gujarAtI bhASAnuM navuM vyAkaraNa (1883) ane "vyutpattiprakAza' (1889) e zALopayogI graMtha che. A uparAMta, zikSaNa, bhUgoLa, khagoLa, bhUstaravidyA, vijJAna, vaidaka Adi viSaya. uparanAM emanAM pustaka paikI moTA bhAganAM bhASAMtaritane vidyAthI upayogI che. saMdarbha : 1. gata zatakanuM sAhitya, vijayarAya ka. vaidya, 1959; 2. gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa : 3, saM. umAzaMkara jozI vagere, 1978; 3. gujarAtI sAhityanI rUparekhA : 2, vijayarAya ka. vaidya, 1967 saMvardhita A.; 4. graMtha ane graMthakAra : saM. hIrAlAla tri. pArekha, 1937; 5. bhavAI (aMgrejImAM), sudhA Ara. desAI 1972; 6. sADInA sAhityanuM digdarzana, DAhyAbhAI pI. derAsarI, 1911. pAThaka, rAmanArAyaNa vizvanAtha, "dvirepha', "zeSa", "vairavihArI" ji. 8-4-1887 - ava. 21-8-1955): vivecaka, vArtAkAra, kavi, nibaMdhakAra, piMgaLazAstrI. janma gANola (tA. dhoLakA)mAM praznorA nAgara brAhmaNa jJAtimAM. pitA vizvanAtha sadArAma pAThaka saMskRtanA vidvAna hatA ane keTalIka dhArmika kRtionA anuvAda temaNe karelA. mAtA AdityabAI. prathama patnI maNigaurInuM I. 1918mAM avasAna thayA pachI lAMbo samaya vidhurAvasthA bhogavI I.1945mAM yuvAna ziSyA hIrA (ka. mahetA) sAthe lagna karyuM, je ghaTanAe tatkALa thoDo saMbha janmAvela. paNa pachI A lagna virala dAmpatyane namUne banI rahyuM. dasa varSanA dAmpatyane aMte muMbaImAM emanuM avasAna thayuM. zikSakanI nokarI karatA pitAnI badalIone kAraNe rAmanArAyaNanuM prAthamika-mAdhyamika zikSaNa vividha gAmamAM thayuM. ucca zikSaNa paNa bhAvanagara tema ja muMbaImAM. muMbaImAMthI tarkazAstra ane darzanazAstra sAthe bI. e. (1908). vidyAkIya kSetramAM kAma karavAnI bhAvanA chatAM sarakArI nokarI na karavAnA saMkalpane kAraNe muMbaImAM elaela. bI. thayA (1911). amadAvAda AvI vakIlAta zarU karI paNa kSayaroganuM nidAna thatAM TUMka samayamAM ja sAdarAmAM sthira thayA (1912). praryApta Arthika jogAvAI thaye. vakIlAta cheDI zeSa jIvana zikSaNa ane sAhityanI sevAmAM gALavAno nirNaya

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24 pAThaka, rAmanArAyaNa vizvanAtha karele, paNa patnInA akALa avasAna pachI 1919nA aMte TAiphoiDanI -mAMdagI nimitte vakIlAta ATopI lIdhI. 192mAM indulAla yAjJikanA 'nimaMtraNathI gujarAta keLavaNI maMDaLamAM joDAI je. ela. nyU igliza skUlanuM AcAryapada saMbhALyuM, paraMtu gAMdhIjInA asahakAranA AMdolananAM maMDANa thatAM, zALA choDI 1921mAM gUjarAta vidyApIThamAM joDAyA. 1928 sudhI vividha vidyAzAkhAonA tejasvI vidvAnonA saMparkamAM pramANuzAstra ane bhASA-sAhityanA adhyApaka tarIke kAma karyuM. gUjarAta vidyApIThanA adhyApaka tarIke tema ja "prasthAna' mAsikanA taMtrIpada (1925-1937) dvArA rAmanArAyaNa gujarAtanI navI sAhityakAra peDhInA evA mArgadarzaka banyA ke e gAMdhIyuganA sAhityaguru' tarIke oLakhAyA. vidyApITha choDyA pachI "prasthAna'nI niHzulka sevA karatA rAmanArAyaNe khAnagI TayUzanethI AjIvikA calAvI ne gAMdhIjInA vividha satyAgrahamAM bhAga laI, eka vakhata jela paNa veThI. rAmanArAyaNa 1935mAM muMbaInI esa.ena. DI. TI. yunivarsiTImAM adhyApaka tarIke joDAyA te pachI 195ra sudhI amadAvAdanI ela. DI. ArTasa koleja tathA gUjarAta vidyApITha, muMbaInI bhavansa koleja tathA bhAratIya vidyAbhavana e saMsthAomAM jude jude samaye sevA ApatA rahyA. 1953mAM AkAzavANI muMbaInA salAhakAra nimAyA tyArathI mRtyuparyata e kAma saMbhALyuM. kuTuMbamAMthI kAvyasaMskAra prApta karanAra ne vidyAbhyAse tattvavid rAmanArAyaNa kalA tema ja zAstra ubhaya kSetranI pratibhA dharAvatA hatA. paraMtu gujarAtI sAhityamAM e vivecaka tarIke vadhu pratiSThita che ane temanI sAhityika kArakirdI paNa 1921-22mAM lakhAyelA ane 1922mAM "sAbaramatI'nA pahelA aMkamAM prasiddha thayelA "kavi bAlAzaMkara ullAsarAma kaMthAriyAnAM kAvya' e vivecanalekhathI ane e ja arasAmAM "yugadharma'mAM lakhAyelAM avalakathI AraMbhAya che. "arvAcIna gujarAtI kAvyasAhitya' (1933), narmadAzaMkara kavi' (1936)ne samAvI lete "narmada : arvAcIna gadyapadyane Adya praNetA' (1945), "arvAcIna kAvyasAhityanAM vaheNo' (1938), kAvyanA zakti' (1939), "sAhityavimarza' (1939), "AlocanA' (1944), sAhityaleka' (1954), "nabhovihAra' (1961) ane 'Akalana' (1964) e graMthamAM saMgharAyelA lekho darzAve che ke rAmanArAyaNanuM ghaNuM graMthAvalokanakArya jema "yugadharma' ane "prasthAna'ne nimitte thayuM che tema anya keTaluMka vivecanakArya vyAkhyAne ne saMpAdanane nimitte thayuM che. AmAMthI - "arvAcIna gujarAtI kAvyasAhitya', 'arvAcIna kAvyasAhityanAM vaheNo' ane

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pAThaka, rAmanArAyaNa vizvanAtha 25 nabhovihAra' gujarAtI kAvyasAhityanI aitihAsika samAlocanA ApatA graMtha tarIke judA tarI Ave che. gujarAtI kavitAnI padyaracanAnA itihAsane tapAsatA. "arvAcIna gujarAtI kAvyasAhityamAM gujarAta vidyAsabhA taraphathI soMpAyelAM cha vyAkhyAnomAMthI traNa vyAkhyAnanI sAmagrI rajU thaI che te jotAM muMbaI yunivarsiTInAM Thakkara vasanajI mAdhavajI vyAkhyAnone samAvatA arvAcIna kAvyasAhityanAM vaheNo'mAM enuM anusaMdhAna joI zakAya. kAvya samuccaya bhAga : 2' (1924)nI bhUmikA rUpe kavionA vyaktigata pradAnane anulakSIne je paricayAtmaka itihAsa apAyo hato, tenAthI vividha pAsAMone anulakSIne pravAhadarzana ne vikAsa nirUpaNanI rIte thayeluM A Alekhana AgaLa jAya che ane rAmanArAyaNanI samagradarzananI eka vizeSa zakti pragaTa kare che. "nabhovihAramAM madhyakALane sarjakalakSI ane arvAcInakALane svarUpalakSI paricaya che te AkAzavANI vArtAlApanI saraLatA ne lokagamyatA chatAM ghaNuM noMdhapAtra nirIkSaNa paNa gUMthI le che. surata ane muMbaI khAte apAyelAM be vyAkhyAnene samAvato "narmadaH arvAcIna gadyapadyane Adya praNetA' e graMtha ItihAsalakSI dRSTie ane bArIkAIthI thayelA sarjakaabhyAsanA namUnArUpa che. pUrvAlApa'nA saMpAdana(1926)mAM mukAyelA kAnta ane tenI kavitAnA saghana abhyAsa pachIne A prayatna enI sarvagrAhitAthI dhyAna kheMcanAra bane che. kAvyanI zakti" ane "sAhityavimarza'mAM anya lekhonI sAthe "yugadharma'. prasthAna' nimitta thayelAM graMthAvalekane saMgharAyAM che te saMkSipta chatAM kRtinA hAIne pragaTa karanArAM che ane rAmanArAyaNane sajatA sAhitya sAthene sahRdayatA ne sUjhabharyo saMbaMdha sUcave che. A uparAMta paNa emaNe kRtisamIkSAo ApI che, jemAMthI "naLAkhyAna', "sarasvatIcaMdra', "rAIne parvata', "ApaNe dharma," vizvagItA' vagere vizenA sarvAgI abhyAsa rajU karatA nibaMdhe rAmanArAyaNanI maulika vivecanadaSTithI khAsa lakSa kheMce che. "zaradasamIkSA' (1980)mAM saMgharAyelI zaradabAbunI kRtionA anuvAdonI tathA ravIndranAthanI kRtionA anuvAdonI paNa, rAmanArAyaNe lakhelI prastAvanAo Itara bhASAnI kRtionI samIkSA tarIke dhyAnArha che. kAvyaparizIlana'(1965)mAM emanA keTalAka vidyAthIbhogya AsvAda paNa graMthastha thayA che. rAmanArAyaNanuM pravAhadarzana, sarjaka-abhyAsa, kRtisamIkSA ke pratyakSa vivecananI nAnakaDI noMdha paNa kaI rIte kazoka no prakAza pADanAra hoya che. kemake rAmanArAyaNanA pratyakSa vivecanane pragaTa yA parokSa tattvavicAranI bhUmikA

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26 pAThaka rAmanArAyaNa vizvanA sAMpaDelI hoya che. kAvyanI zakti" e lekhamAM pitAnAM mULabhUta sarva pratipAdane rajU karI dete ane anya lekhomAM vistarate rahele rAmanArAyaNa sAhityatattvavicAra sAhityamAM Umi ke vicAranuM ekAntika mahatva karavAne sthAne "lAgaNImaya vicAra" ke "rahasya'ne kendrarUpe sthApe che ane emAM sAhityanI eka kalA tarIkenI svAyattatAnA svIkAra sAthe jIvana, satya, nIti vagere sAthenA enA saMbaMdhonI mArmika chaNAvI che. rAmanArAyaNanI vivecanAmAM kAvyanI racanAthI mAMDIne sAhityakRtinI samagra AkRtinI tapAsa che, khaMDakAvyAdi sAhityaprakAronI dyotaka vicAraNA che ane jIvana ne ItihAsanA vizALa saMdarbhamAM thayeluM sAhityaciMtana paNa che. rAmanArAyaNe saMskRta kAvyavicArane savizeSapaNe jhIlyo che ane ene AjanA saMdarbhamAM navesarathI ghaTAvI enI upayuktatA sthApita karI che. paNa yuropIya kAvyavicArane lAbha levAnuM e cUkayA nathI. pramANazAstrI rAmanArAyaNanuM vivecana, tarkanI jhINavaTa chatAM samucita daSTAtanA viniyogathI ne pAradarzaka gadyazailIthI sadyogamya bane che. rAmanArAyaNe ghaNuM saMpAdanamAM paNa upadhAta ke TippaNa rUpe pratyakSa vivecana karyuM che. pUrvAlApa'nI TippaNu AvRtti, umAzaMkara jozI sAthe saMpAdita karelA AnaMdazaMkara dhruvanA kAvyatattvavicAra' (1939), sAhitya vicAra' (1942), "digdarzana' (1942) "vicAra mAdhurI : 1" (1946) e graMthe, pite saMpAdita karela AnaMdazaMkara dhruvanA 'ApaNe dharmanI trIjI AvRtti (1942) tathA govardhana paMcAla sAthe saMpAdita karela "rAsa ane garabA' (1954)mAM rAmanArAyaNanA nAnA yA moTA upadyAta che. narasiMha mahetAne nAme caDelA "goviMdagamana'nuM narahari parIkha sAthe kareluM saTIka saMpAdana (1923) pAThyakramanI jarUriyAtane vaza vatIne thayeluM, paraMtu evA ja hetuthI thayelAM "kAvyasamuccaya bhAga, 1 ane 2' (saTIka, 1924) tathA "kAvyaparicaya bhA. 1 ane 2' (nagInadAsa pArekha sAthe, 1928)nAM saMpAdane gujarAtI kavitAnA cakkasa daSTipUrvakanA saMcaya lekhe lAMbo samaya upayogI nIvaDelAM. A sivAya paNa rAmanArAyaNe anyanI sAthe keTalAMka zAleya vagere saMkalane karyA che. mammaTata "kAvyaprakAza : ullAsa 1 thI 6ne rasikalAla parIkha sAthe karelo anuvAda (1924) eka pramANabhUta ne prAsAdika anuvAda lekhe tema ja DI paNa cAvIrUpa paribhASA Adine skUTa karI ApatAM TipaNene kAraNe cokkasa mUlya dharAve che ane lekhakenI saMskRta kAvyazAstranI sajajatAne pragaTa kare che.

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cAlu vivAtha kAvyamama'na tarIke arvAcIna gujarAtI kAvya sAhityathI ja chaMdovidhAnamAM utkaTa rasa laI rahelA rAmanArAyaNane emanI zAstrabuddhi pigaLacarcA tarapha svAbhAvika rIte ja laI jAya che. prAcIna gujarAtI chaMdo - eka aitihAsika samAlAcanA' (1948) apabhraMzakALathI yArAma sudhInI padyaracanAnI zAstrIya samIkSA ApI, ke. ha. dhruvanI padyaracanAnI aitihAsika AlocanA'nA pUraka graMtha bane che. te uparAMta emAM derIne pigaLabaddha karavAnA prathama samatha prayAsa thayelA che te enI vizeSatA che. mahArAjA sayAjIrAva trIjA suvarNa mahotsava smAraka vyAkhyAnamALAnA Azraye 1951mAM ApelAM traNa vyAkhyAtA 'gujarAtI piMgaLa navI daSTie' (1952) 'bRhat piMgala' (1955)nA pUrvIsArarUpa che. paNa rAmanArAyaNanI vikasatI jatI te vizada banatI jatI chaMdovicAraNA emAM joI zakAya che. sAhitya akAdamI dvArA puraskRta 'bRhad piMgala' to vedakALathI Adhunika samaya sudhInA - DiMgaLa, diMDI, gajhala, glaeNnka varsa vagere sameta - chaMdonA itihAsa, chaMdonAM svarUpa ane emanAM AMtarabAhya kalevaramAM thayelA pheraphAro, chaMdanA mAtrA, yati Adi ghaTakonI keTalIka phUTa samasyAo, vividha chaMdonI kSamatA vagere sa bAbAne zAstrIya bhUmikAe sUkSmatAthI ne savIgata, sAdhakambAdhaka dalIlA sAthe cA eka zakavatI AkagraMtha banI rahe che. cAra prakaraNe adhUrA rahelA ane cimanalAla trivedI tathA kAntilAla kAlANI dvArA pUrA thayelA madhyama pigaLa' (1981)mAM kAvyanA abhyAsIo ane vidyArthIone upayogI thAya e hetuthI A ja viSayanI saraLa sakSipta rajUAta thayelI che. sarjaka tarIke rAmanArAyaNe kavitA, nATaka, vArtA, nibaMdha ema vividha kSetre kAma karyu che, temAM nATakanA kSetramAM e vidyAlayeAnI te vArtA-niSTha dhanAM kSetromAM 'yugadharma '-'prasthAna'nI jarUriyAtane laIne kheMcAyA hatA. kavitA emane svataHsaMbhavI vyApAra kahevAya. 1921mAM 'jAtrALu' upanAmathI lakhelA rANakadevI'thI emanI kAvyayAtrAnA Ara Mbha thayA te cheka 1955mAM lakhAyelA "sAlamubAraka' sudhI cAlu rahyo. pahelA kAvyanA 'jAtrALu' ane pachIthI eka vakhata prayeAjAyelA 'bhUlArAma' sivAya rAmanArAyaNe kAvyo paratve 'zeSa' upanAma ja rAkhyuM ane pahelA kAvyasaMgrahane 'zeSanAM kAvyo' (1938) evuM nAma ApyuM. pahelI AvRttimAM mAtra 67 ne bIjI AvRtti (1951)mAM 73 jeTalAM kAvyo te thADAMka prakIrNa muktako Adine samAvatA A saMgraha viSayanA vaividhyathI nahI paNa rUpabaMdha, chaMdovidhAna, zailI ane kAvyabAnInA vaividhyathI dhyAna kheMce che. gujarAtI prAptana ane adyatana kAvyapara parAmAM

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28 pAThaka, rAmanArAyaNa vizvanAtha potIkA prayoga karanAra "zeSa'nI kavitA sabhAna ghaDataranuM pariNAma hoI kAvyajJanI kavitA" tarIke oLakhAI che. "zeSa' gAMdhIyugane anurUpa jIvananI maMgalatAnuM gaMbhIra gAna kare che, te sAthe hAsyakaTAkSavinadanI racanAo Ape che, prasanna dAmpatyanAM rasikacAturyabharyA saMvAdo race che te sAthe virahanA zAMta karuNa sUro paNa relAve che, svabhAvati samAM vAstavacitraNa kare che tema upamAcitronI kalpanAraMgI zailI paNa yoje che, sUkSma ciMtanAtmaktAnI sAthe UMDI bhAvAddhatA vyakta kare che ane A rIte kavitAmAM potAnI AgavI mudrA aMkti kare che. "zeSanAM kAvyonI 17 racanAo uparAMta bIjAM 40 kAvyone samAvate maraNottara saMgraha "vizeSa kAvya' (1959) zeSa'nI sarva lAkSaNikatAo jALavI rAkhavA sAthe 'tukArAmanuM svarga rahaNa jevA khaMDakAvyanA nUtana prayogane kAraNe dhyAnArha bane che. kavitAnI jema vArtAmAM paNa prayogazIlatA dAkhavanAra rAmanArAyaNanuM vArtAkSetre aitihAsika pradAna che. 1923 lagabhagathI "dvirepha'nA nAme vArtA lakhatA thayelA ane traNa saMgrahamAM kula 40 vArtA ApanAra rAmanArAyaNane. prathama vArtAsaMgraha "dvirephanI vAte bhA. 1' (1928) dhUmaketunA taNakhAmaMDaLa-1' (1926)nI sAthe gujarAtI TUMkI vArtAnA svarUpanI daDha bhUmikA racI ApI eka mahattvanuM sImAcihna banI rahe che. bahudhA 1941 sudhI vAtAM lakhatA rahelA rAmanArAyaNanA pachInA saMgraho che "dvirephanI vAto bhA. 2 ' (1935) ane dvirephanI vAte bhA. 3' (1942; saMvardhita trIjI AvRtti, 1961). potAnI racanAone "vAto" tarIke oLakhAvI lekhake keyaDAo, kissAo, daSTAMte, paristhiti citraNo Adine samAvI levAnI ane gadyakAvyanI zailIthI mAMDIne "dazyazailI' (nATayAtmaka racanA) sudhInI jAtabhAtanI kathanarItine pratye javAnI mokaLAza meLavI lIdhI che te noMdhapAtra che. vizALa jIvanamAM zodhelAM anekavidha mAnavaparisthitio ane jIvanamarmo, paristhitinuM vAstavani ne vIgatapUrNa Akalana, manovaijJAnika abhigama tathA vArtAnuM Avegarahita ghaDatara e dvirephanI vArtAkAra tarIkenI lAkSaNikatAo che ane mukundarAya', 'khemI' jevI emanI keTalIka vArtAo bhAre prabhAvaka banelI che. rAmanArAyaNanuM nATaya sarjana vidyArthIone bhajavavA mATenI kRtio pUrI pADavA mATe thayeluM hoI kevaLa prAsaMgika che. anuvAdita nATayaracanAo. ane nATayAMzane paNa samAvatA maraNottara saMgraha "kulAMgAra ane bIjI kRtio' (1959)mAM anukrame sAmAjika ane manovaijJAnika samasyA laIne

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pAThaka, rAmanArAyaNa vizvanAtha 29AvatI "kulAMgara" tathA "devI ke rAkSasI ?' be seMdhapAtra maulika racanAo che te A pUrve dvirephanI vAte bhA. 3"mAM graMthastha thaI cUkelI. prasthAna'nA prakAzana aMge haLavI zailIe thayelAM khulAsArUpa lakhANa vAcakone gamI javAthI AvA lakhANane sAmayikanuM eka niyamita aMga banAvI rAmanArAyaNe "svairavihArI'nA nAmathI lakhavA mAMDeluM, tenA be saMgraha "svairavihAra bhA. 1' (1931) ane "vairavihAra bhA. 2' (1937) thayA che. "vairavihAra' nAmane anurUpa rIte A lakhANamAM viSayavastu tema ja nirUpaNazailI baMne para lekhake koIpaNa baMdhano svIkAryA nathI ane sAhitya, samAja, dharma, rAjakAraNa, keLavaNI, manuSyasvabhAva vagere sarva viSe aMgenI TUcakAthI mAMDIne nibaMdha prakAra sudhInI racanAo ApI che. kayAMka kyAMka prAsaMgikatA, vizRMkhalatA ane hetulakSitA pragaTa karatAM A lakhANo upahAsa, kaTAkSa, karuNuM, roSa Adi vividha bhASAcchaTAo, tArkika ne vAcika vilakSaNa abhivyakti prayoga tathA lekhakanI tINa bauddhitA, sUkSma saMvedanazIlatA ne ramatiyALa kalpakatAe karIne gujarAtI nibaMdhasAhityamAM potAnuM cokkasa sthAna meLavI le che. rAmanArAyaNa mAtra sAhityanA nahIM, paNa vizALa jIvananA upAsaka che. emanA vivecanasaMgrahamAMye kalA ane saMskAranI vividha pravRttio vizenAM emanAM vicAracaMkramaNa thayelAM che, paraMtu "mavihAra' (1956) emanI tejasvI vicArakatAne vadhAre gADha paricaya che. "manovihAra'mAM aneka viSaya paratvene rAmanArAyaNane gaMbhIra vicAravimarza rajU thayo che. te uparAMta vyakti-citra, sthaLavarNana vagere prakAranI racanAo paNa maLe che. A badhuM rAmanArAyaNanA bahumukhI vyaktitvane pragaTa kare che. pramANazAstranA adhyApaka tarIke taiyAra karelI pramANazAstrapravezikA" (1922) AcAradharmanuM nirUpaNa karatI nitya AcAra' (1945) ane anuvAdita yuropIya vArtAone saMgraha "cu bana ane bIjI vAto' 'nagInadAsa pArekha sAthe, 1924; bIjI AvRtti "vAmA" nAme) rAmanArAyaNanA anya ullekhanIya graMtha che. A sivAya "kAvyazAstra" ane "AnaMdamImAMsA paranI lekhamALA jevI keTalIka upayogI sAmagrI graMthastha thavI bAkI che. saMdarbha: 1. rAmanArAyaNa vi. pAThaka, caMdrakAnta zeTha, 1978; 2. rAmanArAyaNa | vi. pAThaka, vADmayapratibhA, kAntilAla kAlANI, 1981; 3. rAmanArAyaNa vi..

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* * pAka sarjaka ane vivecaka, jayanta pAThaka, 1970; AsA, 2012. 4. prasthAna, bhAdrapada 8 roSa " : jue pAThaka, rAmanArAyaNa vizvanAtha. - svairavihArI . : jue pAThaka, rAmanArAyaNa vizvanAtha. 2. kRti-adhikaraNA - iMglAMDamAM pravAsa " [1866 ] : karasanadAsa mULajInA A vistRta graMthamAM, 1863mAM te vyavasAya a Mge iMgleMDa gayA e pravAsanuM Alekhana che. A pravAsagraMtha, bAra prakaraNA ane pratyeka prakaraNamAM bArabAra muddAo AvarI letuM, custa svarUpa dharAve che. pravAsanI agatyathI AraMbhI, Aga oTanI musApharInAM tema ja laMDana zaheranA parivezanAM te iMgleDanAM prakhyAta sthaLAnAM jhINavaTabharyAM vanA ApavA sAthe lekhake A gra MthamAM, zilpa-sthApatya, hunnara-udyogo, myujhiyamo ane manora MjananAM mAdhyamo vize tathA tyAMnI prajAnAM tatkAlIna Arthika sAmAjika-rAjakIya-sAMskRtika saMcalanA aMge peAtAnAM nirIkSaNA ApIne noMdhapAtra sUjha darzAvI che. uparAMta tatkAlIna "hinda ane iMgleMDanI tulanAmAM sudhAraka karasanadAsanI hetulakSitA paNa sakaLAyelI jovA maLe che. nirUpaNanI rAcakatA ne rasikatA enu jamA pAsu che. iMgleMDanAM vikhyAta thAnAM raMgIna citro A graMthanuM eka vizeSa AkraNa che. A graMthanuM, karasanadAsanI sAhityapravRttinA ziramora graMtha rUpe eTaluM ja gujarAtI pravAsasAhityanI viziSTa kRti tarIke, AgavuM mUlya che. marAThImAM eno anuvAda paNa thayelA che. , " kalApInA kekArava : kalApInI 1892thI 1900 sudhInI 250 jeTalI racanAone samAvatA saMgraha. kalApInA avasAna pachI, 1903mAM kAntane hAthe enuM saiA prathama sa MpAdana-prakAzana thayuM e pUrve 1896mAM kalApIe pote madhukaranA gu MjArava' nAme, tyAM sudhInAM sarvAM kAvyo * mitra maMDaLa kAje tathA prasage-nimitta bheTasAgAda tarIke ApavA ' mATe prakAzita karavAnI yeAjanA karelI paNa e kAma avasAnaparyaMta pUruM pADI na zakAyeluM. 1931mAM kalApInA khIjA mitra, jagannAtha tripADI('sAgara') ekAntaAvRttimAM na chapAyelAM 34 kAvyAne samArnIne 249 kAvyonI sadhita ne saTippaNa AvRtti prasiddha karI, svataMtra mudrita 'hamIrajI gohela' paNa emAM

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kalApInA kArava'. samAvI levAyuM.A bRhat sa MgrahanI tyAra bAda paNlR dhaNI Atti thatI . rahI che te emAMthI pasaMda karelAM kAvyonA keTalAka laghu saMcayA paNa taiyAra thayA che e kalApInI vyApaka leAcAhanA sUcave che. * kalApInuM sa MvednataMtra sadyamrAhI hatuM ethI sAhitya ne dha`ci MtananA aneka graMtheAnA vAcana-parizIlananA saMskArA A kavitAnA viSayA ne enI nirUpaNarIti para paNa jhilAyelA che. 'kekArava'nI prakRtiviSayaka kavitA para te kalApInI rAMgadarzI kAvyarIti para vava, zailI, kITsa jevA emanA priya kavienI asara paDelI che. A kavienAM ane Tenisana, gaTe, milTana, golDasmitha AdinAM kAvyonA mukta anuvAdo te rUpAntA tathA keTalIka kRtionAM anusanA 'kekArava'mAM che. 'medUta, Rtusa hAra', zRMgArazataka jevI saMskRta kRtinI asara paNa 'kekArava'nI kavitA para jhilAyelI che.. samAlIna gujarAtI kAvyapara parAnI keTalIka chAyAe paNa emaNe jholI che.. ArbhanI kavitA para dalapatarAmanI tema ja tatkAlIna dhaMdhAdArI nATakonAM gAyanA ne lAvaNInI asara che te pachI narasiMharAva, geAvanarAma, maNilAla, kAnta, AdinI kavitAnI asara viSaya, chaMda, prakArAdi para paDatI rahI che. A badhuM chatAM kalApInI vedanA-saMvedanA potIkI che te enA nirUpaNamAM ene potAnA avAja raNake che je enI kavitAnI nijI mudrA AMkI Ape che. kekArava'nI kavitA vividha svarUpeAmAM vahe che : utkaTa Umi ne bhAvanAzIlatAne khelAtI bhASAnI sAhajikatAthI abhivyakta karatAM hovAthI vRttabaddha . kAvyA viziSTa asara janmAve che. svarUpanI dRSTie keTalIka kacAzAvALI jaNAtI gajhalA aMta`ta mijAjanI - enAM mastI ne dadilInI dRSTie dhyAnArha che. zarUAtanI vyaktipremanI (ke mijAjI) gajhalA karatAM pAchaLanI prabhupremanI ( ke hakIkI) gajhalA kAvyaguNe caDiyAtI che. 'ApanI yAdI' enuM noMdhapAtra dRSTAnta che. kalApInAM khaMDakAvyAmAM kAntanA jevI paralakSitA nathI te UmilatA tathA kheAdhatmakatAe kAvyabaMdhane zithila karI nAkhyA che. chatAM bhAvanAsahaja saraLa nihathI, maneArama dazyacitrothI, pAtracittanA maMthananA asarakAraka AlekhanathI te khAsa tA prAsAdika bhASAzailIyI, e potAnuM AgavApaNu siddha kare che. 'bilvamaMgaLa' emanuM uttama kharDakAvya manAyuM che. mahAkAvya tarIke racavA dhAreluM emanu e hajAra uparAMta paMktinuM ne 4 sage` adhUruM rahelu 'hamIrajI gohela' khaMDakAvyanI najIka rahetu itihAsaviSayaka kathAkAvya che.

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pa * kAvyanI zakti viSarSanirUpaNanI rIte kekArava'mAM premaviSayaka kavitA sauthI vadhu dhyAnapAtra che. eka rIte, A saMgrahanI moTAbhAganI kavitA enA UrmizIla kavinI AtmakathArUpa che. kalApInA 26 varSInA TUMkA AyuSyanAM chellAM ATheka vanAM aMgata premajIvananA ja, bahudhA, emAM citAra che. svabhAveAktibharyAM indriyasparzI citrA rUpe AlekhAyelI prakRtinI kavitA paNa rucira che te kavinI sau daSTinI paricAyaka che. kavinA AyuSyanAM chellAM be varSanI kavitA prabhubhaktinI te ciMtanalakSI che. aMgata jIvananA rAgAvege zamatAM cittamAM paDelA vairAgyasa skAro jAgrata thavAthI te svIDana AdinA graMthAnA vAcanathI lApI parama tattvanI kheAjanI dizAmAM vaLelA. e savedana prauDha kAvyarUpa paNa pAmyu che. 'kekArava'nI kavitAnI eka noMdhapAtra vizeSatA ene maLelI vyApaka lAcAhanA che. kalApIe sAkSara kavio dvArA lakhAtI durgaMdha kavitAnA samayagALAmAM e vakhate pracalita svarUpomAM ne bavRttomAM kAvyaracanA karI hAvA chatAM emAM thayelA prAsAdika bhASAnA sahaja viniyoge te pArada saMvedananA vedhaka Alekhane tema ja emAMnA rAgAvegI premasaMbaMdhonA nirUpaNe *tathA Umi'-udbArAmAM bhaLelA eka raMgadarzI kavinA bhAvanAzIla citane A kavitAne hRdayasparzI ne leAkapriya banAvI che. eTale kayAMka kAvyabhAvananI mukharatAmAM te| kayAreka enA nirUpaNanA prastAramAM varatAtI kalAsaMyamanI ochapa chatAM te kavinA kaMIka sImita rahI jatA anubhavanI maryAdA chatAM 'kekArava'nI kavitA enI AgavI viziSTatAothI potAnuM mahattva TakAvI rAkhe che. "kAvyanI zakti" [1939] : rAmanArAyaNa vi. pAThakanAM vivecanAtmaka vyAkhyAno, lekhA tema ja graMthAvalokanono sa Mprathama sa Mgraha. 1922thI 1939 sudhInAM lakhANAne samAvatA A graMthanA pahelA vibhAganA 17mAMthI 8 lekhA saMgIta, citraklA, nRtya Adi lAne ane sAmAjika utsavane lagatA che e rAmanArAyaNanI vizALa lAdaSTi ane jIvananiSThA sUcave che. A vibhAgamAM mukAyelA 'kAvyanI zakti' e lekha rAmanArAyaNanI kAvyavibhAvanAnA surekha ane sarvAMgI Alekha rajU karatA emanI sa` sAhityavicAraNAnI pIThikArUpa banI rahetA, saMgrahanA sarvottama lekha che. kaLAnA eka prakAra lekhe kAvyanI vizeSatA bhAvanuM nirUpaNa karavAmAM che te skUTa karI alakAra, padma vagere tattvA kAvyabhAvane pratyakSIkRta karavAmAM kevAM kAme lAge che ane A pratyakSa samI kAvyapratIti vyavahArapratItithI kaI rIte judI paDI niratizaya

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kAvyanI zakti rA AnaMda ApanArI bane che te rAmanArAyaNe ahIM saMskRta kAvyazAstrane vizeSapaNe AdhAra laI sUkSma tattvaparAmaza ne rasajJatApUrvaka samajAvyuM che. rAmanArAyaNa kAvyane satya, nIti vagere sAthenA sabaMdha cavA sudhI jAya che ane kAvyanI svAyattatA svIkAravA sAthe jIvanalakSI dRSTibiMdu Ape che te sAhityavicAraka tarIkenI emanI eka AgavI lAkSaNikatA pragaTa kare che. kAvyakalA vizenI AvI ma`sparzIne sagrAhI chatAM vizada vicAraNA gujarAtI vivecanamAM virala che saMgrahamAM varacanA tathA alaMkAraracanA viSayane sadRSTAMta ane vIgate nirUpatA lekhA che te rAmanArAyaNanA racanAparaka abhigama sUcave che. tA premAnaMdanI traNa kRtinA hAsyarasanI samIkSAnA lekhAmAM saMskRta rasamImAMsAne su Mdara vyavahAru viniyoga sAMpaDayo che. 'kavizrI nhAnAlAlanuM sAhityajIvana' amuka aMze rDA-abhyAsa hovA uparAMta nhAnAlAlanI bhAvanAne sphuTa karatA hoI viSayalakSI abhyAsa paNa bane che. mahAbhAratanuM naleApAkhyAna ane premAnaMdanuM naLAkhyAna' eka bArIkAIbharelA tulanAtmaka abhyAsa lekhe dhyAnA bane che. Ama ATalA lekhA paNu rAmanArAyaNa kavitAsAhitya sAthe kevA bhinnabhinna stare kAma pADe che tenA paricAyaka bane che. graMthanA bIjA vibhAgamAM 'yugadharma'-'prasthAna' nimitta thayelAM graMthAvalAkano sadharAyAM che te satA sAhitya sAthenA rAmanArAyaNane sahRdayatApUrNa ane samajadArIbharyuM saMbaMdha pragaTa kare che. sakSipta chatAM ma`grAhI A avalAkanAmAMnAM ghaNAM nirIkSaNA Ajeya TakI zake tevAM te dhyAna khecanArAM che te rAmanArAyaNanI UMDI sAhityarasannatA ne vedhaka vivecanadaSTi sUcave che. 36 graMthAvalokanAmAMthI 30 tA kAvyatra thAnAM che, jemAM 'bhaNakAradhArA khIjI', 'vizvazAMti', kAvyama galA', 'gaMgotrI' Adi keTalAka mahattvanA kAvyatra thAnA samAveza thayelA che. rAmanArAyaNanI itihAsadRSTi, jIvananiSThatA, kSAviveka, tattvavicArakatA, viSleSaNapaTutA ane sahayatA jevA mAtabara guNAne pragaTa karatA 'kAvyanI zakti' gujarAtI sAhityamAM eka mahattvanA vivecanasa Mcaya Thare che. dvirephanI vAtA bhA, 1" [ 1928 ] : rAmanArAyaNa vi. pAThaka 'dvirepha'nA savaprathama vArtAsa Mgraha. saMgrahanI 1922 ke 1923 thI 1928 sudhInI 13 racanAmAMthI sUcita vArtA 'eka prazna' sivAyanI sarvAM maulika che ane bahudhA 'yugadhama' tema ja 'prasthAna' e sAmayikA mATe lakhAyelI che.13mAMthI 8 racanAomAM . vArtAkathakanI upasthiti vAtA' e zAkane sArthaka kare che

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A pAnAM tI' te uparAMta A sTanAomAM viSayapasaMdagI, Akarakara, kathanazailI vagere paratve paNa e zabdane sArthaka kare evI mokaLAza che. ahIM mAnasazAstrIya, adAlatI, paristhitinI vaktAnA kissAo che (anukrame "eka praza', sAcI vAratA', "rajanuM gaja'); karuNagarbha vibharyuM saMskRta bhANazailInuM Atmakathana che ('sarakArI nokarInI saphaLatAne bheda'); gadyakAvya samI vyaMjanAtmaka racanA che (jamanAnuM pUra'); bALavartananuM Alekhana che (ze kaLajaga che nA !'); manovaijJAnika abhyAsa che ("navo janma" "kapilarAya'); rahasyakathA che (paheluM InAma'); vinedakathA che ("jakSaNI') ane praziSTa vArtAracanAo paNa che ("mukundarAya" ane khetI'). be peDhI vacce visaMvAda ane navI peDhInuM AtmakendrI, UchAMchaLuM svarUpa varNavatI "mukundarAya" tathA pachAta gaNAtA varganI strInI udAtta jIvanabhAvanA nirUpatI khemI' gujarAtI vArtA sAhityamAM sauthI vadhu jANItI thayelI racanAo che. saMvAdazailIne bahoLo upayoga, gharagaththu vAtAvaraNa ane anaupacArika kathanazailI dvirepha'nA A jAtabhAtanA prayogone AgavuM svarUpa bakSe che tema ja jIvananA UMDA pravAhanuM Akalana, vAvanI pakaDa, vIgatabharyuM ne sabhAna vArtAghaDatara tathA hAsya ane karuNanuM virala saMjana ene gaMbhIra arthavattA ape che. A kAraNe TUMkI vArtAnI saMkucita vyAkhyAmAM na Ave evI ghaNI kRtio chatAM dvirephanI vAte bhA. 1 dhUmaketunA "taNakhAmaMDaLa 1' (1926)nI sAthe ja paNa dhUmaketuthI judI zailIe, gujarAtI TUMkI vArtAnA svarUpane da% bhUmikA pUrI pADanAra sImAcihnarUpa graMtha gaNAya che. pAdaranAM tIratha" [1946] 1943mAM AraMbhAyelI paNa adhUrI paDI rahI 1946mAM pUrI thayelI ane 1942nA rASTrIya AMdolananA parivezamAM kapelI eka ghaTanAne varNavatI jayaMti dalAlanI A navalakathA viziSTa paristhitimAM vyakta thatI mAnavamananI vilakSaNatAne upasAvavA tAke che. aMgreja sarakAra sAme cAlatA AMdolana daramyAna eka gAmane mAnava samudAya uttejanAnI paLomAM, pAsenA nAnakaDA relave sTezanane saLagAvI mUke che. e pachI tapAsa mATe AvelI polIsanA e gAmaloka para ekAeka thatA atyAcAramAM pragaTatI hiMsA ne vAsanAnI pAzavI vRtti moTe AtaMka phelAve che. phojadAre manasvI rIte pakaDelA kedIo mATe bhejanAdinI vyavasthA karatA anukaMpAzIla ne UMDI samaja dharAvatA DokaTara nagInadAsa pAse phejadAra A trasta kedIone moTI rakamanI lAMcanA badalAmAM choDavAne prastAva mUke che. eka tarapha dezanikA ne saddanikA tathA bIjI tarapha damita mAnavo pratyenI

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baTubhAInAM nATako" 35 karuNA DaoNkaTaranA manamAM dvidhA jagave che ne bhalAInA taMtune vaLagI rahI e AMtara-bAhya aneka vipattione veThatA rahe che. lagabhaga pratyeka kedI ne enAM garIba svajane, ravarAjabhAvanAneya bhUlI jaI A bhayAnaka vedanAnI bhIMsamAMthI chUTavA mATenA paisA bhegA karavA valakhAM mAre che tyAre eka kAMtivAdI yuvaka kedI jagu ravamAnabhera veThavAnuM pasaMda kare che. enI evI ja aDaga ne gauravavaMta mAtA pADozI paNa putravatsalatAthI saheja dvidhAmAM mukAya che paraMtu vicalita thatAM nathI. eka ravAthI vakIla ne lobhI vepArI A paristhitine, vacalA mANasa tarIke geralAbha le che. na chUTatA kedIone sAthe laI jatA gaNatarIbAja phojadAra chellI ghaDIe svecchAe kaI samajadArIthI prerAI jagune choDI de che evA lAkSaNika aMta sAthe navalakathA pUrI thAya che. eka ja bhAvaparisthitine AlekhatI hovAthI subaddha banelI A laghunavalamAM bhAvanAne viDaMbita karI mUkatA svArthanA mULamAM paDelI eka avazatAnI karuNatAnuM tema ja vibhinna manodazA pragaTAvatAM pAtronuM je Alekhana thayuM che e, javananI UMDI sUjha dharAvatA lekhakanA kozalane paricaya Ape che. raMgadarzI na banatAM ravaratha ne vAratavaniSTha rahetI chatAM uttejita karI zakatI dalAlanI prabhAvaka gadyazailIthI tema ja mAnavamananI anekastarIya gatividhine Alekha upasAvI ApatI emanI viziSTa kathanarItithI A navalakathA eka naMdhapAtra sAhityakRti banI che. baTubhAInAM nATaka [1951) : "maTayagaMdhA ane gAMgeya tathA bIjAM cAra nATaka' (1925) tathA "mAdevI ane bIjAM nATako' (1927)mAMthI pasaMda karelAM cha nATakamAM agraMtharatha "zaivAlinI' umerIne anaMtarAya rAvaLe saMpAdita karela baTubhAI umaravADiyAnAM nATakone saMgraha. 1922thI 1927 sudhInA baTubhAInA nATyalekhanano A pratinidhisaMgraha gujarAtI ekAMkInA kSetre bheya bhAMganAro hovA uparAMta keTalIka AMtarika guNavattAe cirasthAyI mUlya dharAve che. sau prathama lakhAyeluM nATaka jomaharSiNI (1922) traNa aMka ane aneka pravezanA patharATane kAraNe racanAnI daSTie zithila hovA chatAM kaI dhanya paLe kSaNabhara dekhA daI gayelA apUrva nArIsaundaryane draDhatA RSikumAranI nUtana ka95nAthI dhyAnAkarSaka baneluM. pachI paNa baTubhAInAM nATaka eka aMkI hovA chatAM, kadAca InsanAdinA prabhAva nIce, dazyabAhulya ane lAMbA

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>> "baTubhAInAM nATako' samayagALAne Azraya letAM rahyAM tethI ekAMkImAM apekSita ekAgratA emAM pUrI na AvI zakI, tema chatAM eka vicAra ane eka paristhitinA Alekhanane kAraNe svarUpadaSTie A racanAo ekAMkInI najIka hovAnI chApa UbhI karI zakI. paurANika ke prAcIna (masyagaMdhA ane gAMgeya), madhyakAlIna (mAlAdevI', satI') ne arvAcIna ema badhA yuganI pAtraprasaMganI bhUmikA upara nUtana jIvanabhAvanAone abhivyakta karavA tAkatA baTubhAInAM A laghu nATaka emanI phaLadrupa kalpanAzIlatA ane tINu buddhimattAnI pratIti ApaNane karAvyA vinA rahetAM nathI. parANika prasaMga sAthe baTubhAI pitAnA abhipretArtha mATe ahIMtahIM "chUTa le che. te uparAMta emanA lekhanamAM paraMparAgata mAnasane AMcake Ape tevA vicAradhakkAo hoya che, jemake "mAlAdevI' mAM guMthAyele lokasattAnA yugamAM baMdha na bese tevo bauddhikenA adhipatyane vicAra, "satI'mAM rajU thayele satItvanA jUnA khyAlanI sAme nArIsvamAnane pratApI Adarza, zaivalinI'mAM vyakta thayelI strInA patidrohane kSamya gaNatI Adhunika mAnasazAstrIya daSTi vagere. baTubhAI bahudhA za vagere Adhunika yuropIya sAhityakAronI praNAlikAbhaMjana vicAradhArAthI prerita hovA chatAM keTalIka prAcIna jIvanabhAvanAonuM AkarSaNa paNa anubhavatA jaNAya che (azakya Adarzo) e emanuM vicAraka tarIkenuM khullApaNuM darzAve che. mukhyatve buddhinika, nirvedaparAyaNa, aMtarmukha puruSa pAtro ane mukhyatve bahirmukha, lAgaNIvivaza, phanAkhora strI pAtro e baTubhAInI lAkSaNikatA che. emanAM nATaka raMgabhUmikSamatAne ghaNo alpa guNa dharAve che ne vArtAvidhAnamAM apratItikara aMze rahI gayA che, tema kavacita emane jIvanavicAra paNa dhUMdhaLe rahI gayelA anubhavAya che. tema chatAM ekaMdare nATayAtmaka ulkAvana, mAnasazAstrIya abhigamane kAraNe sUkSmatA ane lekhakanI jIvanadaSTinAM saphaLa vAhaka banatAM jIvaMta pratApI pAtronuM sarjana, arthagaMbhIra tema skUtilA ne coTadAra saMvAdonuM niyojana, ane A badhAM vaDe mUrta thate eka satvazIla jIvanavicAra baTubhAInAM nATakonuM eka evuM rUpa ghaDe che, je lekhakanI vaiyaktika mudrAvALuM ne sAhityanA itihAsamAM avazya noMdhapAtra Thare evuM che. prakAzaka: kumArapALa desAI, maMtrI : gujarAtI sAhitya paridara, govardhana bhavana, Azrama mArga, amadAvAda-380001 mudraka : Aditya mudraNAlaya, rAyakhaDa, amadAvAda-380 001

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kailAna kobA.