Essence of Pratikramana

Author(s): Vinod Kapashi
Publisher: Gnan Mandir Publication
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006733/1

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ESSENCE OF PRATIKRAMNA VINOD KAPASHI ETERNA GNAN MANDIR PUBLICATION For Private & Personal use only

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ESSENCE OF PRATIKRAMNA VINOD KAPASHI GNAN MANDIR TRUST PUBLICATION LONDON

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NAGARDAS BHAICHAND ZAVERI SERIES BOOK 1 PUBLISHED BY: GNAN MANDIR TRUST 11, LINDSAY DRIVE, KENTON, MIDDX. HA3 OTA PRINTED BY: MADHAV ALLWIN LTD. MADHAV HOUSE, 68 MANSFIELD ROAD. LONDON NW3 2HU TEL: 01-267 7720 AUGUST 1986 PRICE PS1.25 (c) GNAN MANDIR TRUST BOARD OF TRUSTEES (Alphabetically) 1. Chief Harakhchand Bhandari 2. Hasmukhbhai Dipchandbhai Gardi 3. Vinod J. Kapashi 4. Mansukhbhai B. Shah 5. Mansukhbhai Shah (Jabman & Co.) My Thanks to: KIRTI ZAVERI Vividus (For translation of Bhaktamara) K. C. Lalwani (For translation of Sakra-Stava)

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Dedicated in memory of my father Late Shri NAGARDAS BHAICHAND ZAVERI - KIRTI ZAVERI

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IMPORTANT Original Pratikramna should be observed as prescribed in Jain-Scriptures. This is merely an extra version for those who do not understand the old language of the Sutras. HOW TO OBSERVE PRATIKRAMNA? Put on clean-clothes, (after taking bath). Sit in a quiet place. Sit on a wooly-cloth or shawl. -V. Kapashi Keep clean handkerchief (white) with you. Keep this book in front of you and read this and observe Pratikramna as stated herein.

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PRATIKRAMNA (INTRODUCTION) Jainism advocates the ritual of Pratikramna to be performed every now and then. Annual and longest Pratikramna (3 hour long ritual) is performed or observed on the last day of the religious festival (Paryushan). Pratikramna means review, confession and repentance of one's own bad thoughts and deeds. Pratikramna means going back, back to the good and noble path, back to the path of non-violence and truth. This is not only a religious ritual, it is an idea of extending friendship, forgetting and forgiving others' faults and asking for forgiveness with an open heart. Here is a Pratikramna - Sutra (The text of observing Pratikramna). The original text consists of many hymns in praise of "Lords, many verses in repentance and confessions. This is a process of cleaning one's own mind, purifying ideas and making resolution for finding the right path. Original Pratikramna Sutra - text is written partly in Prakrit and partly in old Gujarati language, i.e. different verses were composed by different authors at different times and in different languages. Pratikramna

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has become an annual ritual for most of the Jains. They do not understand the meaning of the text. They blindly observe this 3 hour ritual and at the end of the ritual say "Michchami Dukkadam" to each other (May my faults be destroyed, be forgiven). This is a very good way of forgetting old bad behaviour of each other and saying 'sorry' in a most systematic way. People this way do not just say 'sorry' to their past and present friends but to the smallest living beings in this universe and to almighty God also. Nowadays Jains send 'Michchami Dukkadam' cards to each other as well. I have selected most of the verses for English translation. The following is a short form of the original Pratikramna, but it preserves all the main hymns. This version is small because it avoids repetitions. I wish to maintain that this Pratikramna text and new ritual is advocated in the interest of people who do not understand the original text and who are eager to know the ancient Jain ritual in its proper form. This, I believe, will teach the fundamental principles of Jainism, to all those who are interested. What follows now is not the complete and literary translation of all the Sutras but an "Essence of Pratikramna". -Vinod Kapashi

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1 NAVKAR MANTRA Namo Arihantanam Namo Sidhanam Namo Ayariyanam Namo Uvajjayanam Namo Loe Savva Sahunam Eso panch Nammukaro Savva pava panasano Mangalanch Savvesin Padhaman Havai Mangalam Salutations to the victors Salutations to the liberated soul Salutations to the head spiritual teachers Salutations to the teachers Salutations to all the monks of the world These five-fold salutations destroy all sins and among all forms of bliss this is the first bliss.

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2 PANCHINDIYA Those who are able to control the five senses, those who observe nine types of limitaitions of celibacy and thosewho are free from four-fold faults, those with five vows, those with five types of codes of conduct, those with five types of restrictions in three-ways. My reverend teacher possesses all these 36 virtues. 3 ICHCHAMI KHAMASAMNO O compassionate one! allow me to dedicate With whatever, I have means. I bow with my head down leaving behind ill feelings and sins. 4 ICHCHKAR O Swami! Engaged you are in penance and control Day and night in religious deeds Wishing you trouble free journeys - and peace Be kind to accept your food and needs.

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5 JANKINCHI I worship All the divine pilgrimages All the idols of Jineshvaras in this world and the world beyond. 6 IRIYA VAHIYA With good wishes O Lord Command, I wish to retract from the path 'I Command I wish to retract from sins While going to and fro Whatever types of lives I might have destroyed While walking While attacking While crushing on dews in ant holes in water in clay in cob-webs while cleaning or brushing Whatever types of lives I might have destroyed

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Those with one sense those with two senses those with three senses those with four senses those with five senses. I might have kicked them, rolled them, covered them, assembled them, touched them, scared them, displaced them, seperated them from their own kinds, or killed them. In connection of all these things May my sins or faults be destroyed.

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7 TASSA_UTTARI For making my soul sublime For repentance and purification For destroying faults and sins I renounce all participation. 8 ANATHA I wish my dedication (and an act of renouncing all participation)to be uninterrupted, trouble-free and perfect, except any injury or trouble I might have caused While breathing coughing yawning doing natural and unavoidable movements unconsciously or in the movement of a cough in the throat or while blinking May all these things please be excepted I will stay still in one place I will observe silence I will meditate and I will praise Lords before I finish my Kausagga

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9 LOGASSA Praise be to those who have brightened this world Those who have founded the religion, I adore Those victors and destroyers of all sins Praise be to the infinite knowers twenty four Bow I to Rushabh and Ajit, First - second, Sambhav, Abhinandan and Sumtinath Prabhu Padma and Suparsvanath are the great I adore Chandraprabha Jina too. Shuvidhi and Pushpadanta are the same Shital, Shreyas and Vasupujya best Vimal, Anant and Dharmanath Next I pray to Shantinath great Bow I to Kunthu, Ara, Malli Munisuvrta and Naminath divine Arishtnemi, Parsva and then comes Lord Mahavir last in the line. From Rushabh to Mahavir Lord Twenty-Four founders in all Free are they from life and death May they bless my worldly soul

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Praised and worshipped they have been They have attained the highest state Givers of health and intelligence O Lord I look up to you in search of the ultimate. Cleaner than the clean bright moon Brighter than the bright sunshine Like an ocean magnanimous Grant me an emancipation O Soul divine! 10 KAREML_BHANTE_SAMAYIKA and Oh Lord thus I perform Samayika Pratikramana and give up all dealings in sinful acts While I am doing this I would not commit any sins and I would not approve of anyone doing so with mind, word or body. I retract I condemn I criticize all bad deeds I renunciate I will have a complete disassociation

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11 MUHPATTI PADILEHAN (Symbolical purification with Kerchief) 1. (Unfold Muhpatti, hold it vertically in both hands then say-) These are the words for purification, I wish to abandon feelings of attachment in worldly pleasures. 2. (Hold the Muhpatti, with making pleats) I wish to respect the noble Gods, Guru and religion. I wish to renounce false Gods, Guru and religion. I wish to uphold right knowledge, right faith and right conduct. 3. (Hold the Muhpatti in right hand, move it around your wrist and back of the palm) I wish to abandon the hesitation and confusion. I wish to have the discipline with mind, speech and body. 4. (Hold the Muhpatti in left hand and do as in No.3)

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5. (Hold the Muhpatti, half folded, touching your fore-head and move few inches left and right) I wish to be free of all 3 bad "lesyas", invisible aura surrounding my self due to bad thoughts. 6. (Same as in 5, but touching the face, lips instead of fore-head) I wish to abandon all false-pride. 7. (As in 5, but keeping Muhpatti against chest - only men do this not women) I abandon all burdens of deceit. I want to see the eternal truth. 8. (As in 5, but keeping against right shoulder) I abandon anger and pride. (then keep the Muhpatti against left shoulder) I abandon illusion and greed. 9. (As if wiping gently right leg and left leg) I wish to protect all types of living beings Earthbodies, Water-bodies, Fire-bodies, Wind-bodies, all Vegetation and all mobile living beings.

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12 VANDANA (Disciple says) I desire to worship you, Kshmasramana, with every intense concentration. (Guru says) So be it. 13 PACHCHAKHAN (Hold your right-hand palm facing you and then close the fingers - making a fist Now say this) - To day is the auspicious day. Here I am, this minute, I take this pachchakhan that I will restrain myself from one of these 6 things. (1) I won't eat after dark or after sunset. (2) I won't drink anything after sunset. (3) I shall say my Navkar-Mantra before and after drinking and eating. (4) I shall watch my each and every movement carefully. (5) I shall engage in studying scriptures. (6) I shall try my best to become a true Jain.

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14 BHAKTAMAR STOTRA 1. With all humility bowing and prostrating myself at your feet, Oh God! who is the only means of support for the crossing of this ocean of life, I sing this song of a devotee in your praise, to remove the darkness of ignorance and in fashion of a heap of brilliant jewels to brighten up the low spirit of dejection. 2. Having attained great proficiency on studying various sciences and revered scriptures, the divine ultra human chiefs have sung your praise. I too, Oh Jinendra! shall sing your praise by composing this melodious song which will capture the minds of all the three worlds. 3. Even without intelligence, the ignorant attempt worship at your feet. I too am presumptuous and feel inspired by my intelligence to sing your praise. Who else but a child will aspire to capture the moon from its steady reflection made captive in water. 4. Oh ocean of virtues! Oh Lord of te moon! is there anyone to compare in intelligence to sing your praise with the chief among teachers of the divine ultra-humans? Where, by tide-swells, even whales would roll in the ocean, who could swim the ocean by mere hands.

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5. Oh Lord of the Saints! I though, so feeble as the one described above, shall still sing your praise, as I am full of devotion. Does not a feeble deer, unable to protect its young ones fight even a lion, not thinking about its own strength out of sheer intense devotion and affection. 6. Learned scholars ridicule my attempt at singing your praise, considering me ignorant, but the intensity of my devotion gives me that strength to challenge them. Do not Cuckoos burst with songs in Summer, only out of devotion for the billion-buds on the trees. 7. Oh Lord, just as by the rays of the sun, pitch darkness of night like that on the back of the bee spread over the universe is instantly destroyed. So are all sins accumulated over ages in past births instantly destroyed by sincerely repentant prayer offered at your feet. 8. Keeping unwavering faith Oh Lord! inspired by your contact, I have started composing this song to please me as a drop of water by contact on the lotus-leaf assuming brilliance of a pearl becomes fascinating to the mind of any one. You are the essence of all that is bliss, love and peace and therefore you are the jewel that adorns the three worlds. There is nothing else that equals you either in the form or shape.

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15 NAMOTHUNAM (or SHAKRA--STAVA) Obeisance to the Arhats and bhagavats Obeisance to the founders, the Tirthankaras and the self-enlightened ones. Obeisance to the best among men, the lions among men, the best lotus among men, the Gandha-hasti among men. Obeisance to the best in the world, the guides of the world, the benefactors of the world, the beacon-lights of the world, the enlighteners of the world. Obeisance to the liberators from fear, the givers of vision, the givers of the path, the givers of refuge, the givers of life and the givers of enlightenment. Obeisance to the givers of Religion, the preachers of law, the masters of law, the leaders of law and the world-monarchs of law, who are the best in all the four directions. Obeisance to those who are liberated from wrong knowledge and faith, who are the holders of unrestricted and best knowldege and faith, who are the light, the liberators, the refuge, and the givers of rest.

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Obeisance to those who are the victors and the givers of victory, the Saviour and the saved, the givers of liberation and the liberated. Obeisance to the all-knowing, all seeing Jinas, who have conquered fear, and who have attained the happy, stable, formless, infinite, imperishable, unobstructed and un-yielding perfection, status and existence. Those Tirthankaras, past and in future, I bow them with mind, speech and body.

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16 SNATASYA Goddess Indrani took the child Mahavir on the peak of Mount Meru and worshipped him by way of Snatra-Puja. She cleaned the Mahavir with divine Xir-Sagar water and then she stared at the divine aura surrounding child Mahavir. The Lord's annointment was carried out by celestial beauties with beautiful kumbhas.. I too wish to engage in Snatra-Puja. I adore, praise and bow to that Lord Mahavir. Tiny pieces of lotus petal flew around and dropped on the surface of the sea, after the wings of the swan struck it. This yellowish water was filled in the rounded beautiful jar and was used to bath Mahavir. I bow to Lord's feet as Indra bows to him. The knowledge of scripture, which was preached by Arihantas themselves and which was compiled by the learned disciples is the essence of all sacred noble and pure religion in the universe. This is the knowledge which I accept and follow. That Yaksha Sarvanubhuti, seated on a divine Elephant wanders through the skylines. This Yaksha with bright and beautiful eyes is the one I would like to worship too.

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17 KALYANA-KANDAM First Jina is the root of all bliss Then comes Shantinath and Neminanth Prabhu The pious Parsva lights the universe I bow to them and Vardhamana Jina too. This sea of Samsara is limitless but, You have crossed and attained the peace Great and brave are the Tirthankaras Who are the root of the tree of bliss. On the path leading to Moksha Thou art the chariot and the guide Leader of the three worlds Thou has destroyed the false pride Flower in one hand and the book in another Seated on a lotus - snow-white She is the one, Goddess of knowledge May she bring the true delight.

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18 As long as, I am seated in this meditation I shall patiently suffer all calamities that may befall me, be they caused by an animal, a human being, or a God. I renounce, for the duration of this meditation my body, all food and all passions Attachment, aversion, fear, sorrow, joy anxiety, self-pity - all these I abandon with body, mind and speech I further renounce all delight and all repulsion. Whether it is life or death, whether gain or loss, Whether defeat or victory, whether meeting or separation Whether friend or enemy, whether pleasure or pain, I have equanimity towards all. In knowledge, vision and proper conduct, the cause is invariably nothing but my Soul.

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19 UVASSAGAHARAM I worship Parsva-nath and his yaksha, who remove all the obstacles and destroy the misery. Parsva-nath, has destroyed all the karma even the deadliest venom has been destroyed and he has spread the weal and joy everywhere. People chant mantras for removing hardships and for conquering obstacles, but when I surrender at your divine feet, I do not need these mantra, your Darshana and your worship is the greatest of great and is sufficient for me. This Darshan is my jewel and this is the KalpaVraksha. O Parsva-Jina my heart is engaged in your worship and your devotion only.

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20 SANTHARA-PORISI One and only is my eternal Soul Knowledge and vision, combined Rests are my modes and moodes Formed by incidents - and state of mind. Incident-prone this Soul Acquires misery unlimited I renounce therefore All feelings incident-related. Arihanta and Siddha are my Gods They are the Gurus, as long as I live the truth is the Dharma propogated and that truth I shall achieve. Forgive me, forgiven you are oh, the creatures great and small Lord is my witness quarrel with none, friendship with all. Creatures, who live in the world and far in universe, due to Karma-bondage I extend my good-wishes Forgive and be forgiven is the message. Sins, vices and inhuman acts beings unfriendliness of any notion May that be destroyed, be forgiven Oh Lord, I surrender with all my devotion.

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21 JAY-VIYRAY (Folded hands above the head) Victory to thee, O master Victory to thee, Ovit-rag Prabhu Guide me to the path of liberation Lead me to the path of religion Let this be a fulfilment of noble-dreams Let me eliminate the bad thoughts Let me serve the elderly and needy Let me serve the Guru, the teacher Let there be the friendship with every-one You though, do not want me to serve you but let me be at your noble feet I wish the removal of Karma-particles I wish the removal of all obstacles. Life with true vision and death in deep meditation Bliss of all bliss Cause of everybody's welfare First among all the religions Jainism reigns the land.

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22 SAT LAKH (Sat - Seven) (10 Lakhs make 1 million) Living begins in this universe. All mobile and immobile. Seven lakhs earth bodies Seven lakhs water bodies Seven lakhs fire bodies Seven lakhs wind bodies Ten lakhs vegetation singular types Fourteen lakhs vegetation plural types Two lakhs with two senses Two lakhs with three senses Two lakhs with four senses Four lakhs Devata Four lakhs Naraki Four lakhs Tiryanch Fourteen lakhs Humans Thus there are 84 lakhs or 8.4 million types of living beings. If I had killed any Approved of killings by others Ordered others to kill any That I repent by mind, body and speech Tassa Michchami Dukkadam May my faults be forgiven

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23 Eighteen different ways one engages in sinful acts Violence False-hood Theft Unfaithfulness and fault in celebacy Acquisition Anger Pride Illusion 9 Greed 10 Attachment 11 Aversion 12 Quarrel 13 Talking behind someone's back 14 Cruelty 15 Love-hate mix attitude 16 Engaging in others criticism 17 Misleading talks 18 False-theory.

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24 ATICHAR Right knowledge, Right faith, Right conduct proper observations of austerity and regulations and the proper use of one's energy. Five points which lead to good character and behaviour. Right knowledge is obtained by studying at the right time, with humble attitude, by respecting elders and teachers; by observing Upadhan; by remembering the teachings, by learning, teaching and preaching scriptures. Right faith is obtained by listening with an open mind to the words of wise ones, by not desiring false ideology; for right faith, do not criticize others, do not be tempted by the talks of miracle, learn all the theories of nine-elements. Appreciate others' virtues, keep peaceful mind, respect fellow humans, and try to create a proper understanding of Jainism. There are eight points of good conduct too. By mind, speech and action and with five types of control. One is able to develop good conduct.

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There are 12 types of penance. 6 are called external penance and 6 are internal ones. The six external types are: 1. Fast from time to time 2. Eat in moderation 3. Abandon the feelings of acquisition 4. Eat without the feelings of attachment with the food 5. Observe Kausagga and sixth one is to achieve a contented mind. Six internal types of penance 1. Repent for any misdeeds 2. Show modesty and respect for spiritual leaders 3. Serve the spiritual teachers Study good books 5. Meditate 6. Observe mental Kausagga. Now the proper use of one's energy is made by doing all charitable and religious activities. These are the points of Atichars. May, I stay, within the boundaries of these guide-lines of good character and good behaviour.

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Bhagavan Mahavir

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25 VANDITU Prostration to all Siddhas All Acharyas and Monks Faults As regards right knowledge right faith right conduct very minute faults or big offenses I hereby confess, condemn and repent for them Acquisition of wealth Approval of acquisition of wealth by others These things are not advised and I retract Whatever bad deeds may have been done by me, Due to Anger Greed Pride Illusion or Attachment or Jealousy I hereby retract from the path while coming and going while earning my living while enjoying while entertaining I hereby retract from the path.

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Faults as regards Violence while cooking Having ordered someone to cook Having approved of someone's cooking who has broken the fundamental rules of nonviolence. - I hereby retract from the path.

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26 SANSAR-DAVA Like water, extinguishing the ever-raging fire of this Samsara Like a wind, cleaning the dust of ignorance Like a sharp-toothed Harow, clearing the Soil of Sin Like a Mount Meru, O Lord! thou art Noble and great. O Mahavir, I bow to you. Thee. I bow, O Jina, whose crown is decorated beautifully with lotus-petal-design and who has fulfilled the noblest desires of his devotees. I bow O, Jin-Raj as Gods and Goddess too bow to you. I worship, I adore that deep sea of knowledge in which lies the essence of all scriptures. I worship too, the Goddess of scriptures, beautiful, charming, moon-hearted; she has a lotus flower in her hand and she is seated on a decorated, lotus shaped seat. She is wearing a garland of fragrant makrand flowers. This Goddess of knowledge, I praise.

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27 DUTIES OF SHRAVAKAS Follow the path of Jineshvar Obey him Abandon all futile theories Accept balanced minded attitude Keep yourself busy Have some vows Be charitable Think of good ideals Study, meditate Worship and praise the Lord Visit sacred places and Tirthas Have peace, forgiveness and politeness, Maintain friendship with good people Protect all living beings Respect the Sangha Engage in writing and distributing scriptures. These are the duties of Shravakas.

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28 ESSENCE OF BRAHID SHANTI Oh Noble ones! All living beings of this universe, listen to this which is appropriate for to-day. Arihant and other supreme beings bring eternal peace in your life. Oh Noble Ones! This land of Bharat. Eravat and Mahavideh was blessed by the birth of Arihant Bhagvan. When he was born, Gods and Goddess took the childGod to Mount Meru for a divine bathing ceremony to rejoice the birth. All praised the child-God I, too, similarly sing the song of praise to-day.

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29 ABHUTHIO (ABHBHUTHIO) Allow me Oh God! Here I am (standing) to beg for forgiveness. My guilts and guilty thoughts I might have overlooked the need to be honourable and polite. I might have spoken harmful words I might have wrongfully tried to promote my image. I might have exhibited my smartness for showing-off and for seeking unfair advantages. I might have done this unknowingly You know this Oh Lord, I don't Please forgive me for ignorance and selfish self-centred behaviour.

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patikramaNamA jasarI vastuona citra, citra saM. 1 sthApanAjI muhapattI kaTAsaNuM cakhalo

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GNAN MANDIR 11 LINDSAY DRIVE KENTON, MIDDLESEX NAZ OTA Tel: 01-204 2871 GNAN MANDIR is set up to promote Gnan i.e. knowledge. Gnan Mandir is the temple of knowledge. We hope to publish the books to satisfy the growing needs of young and old, to understand Indian culture and heritage. At present we aim to publish three to four books every year to promote good cultural values. Books on religion and spiritual upliftment will be published in languages such as Gujarati, Hindi and English. We earnestly seek your support in our mission. We are a non-profit making body. A few books are distributed free. Please phone or write to us for more details. - VINOD KAPASHI OUR FORTHCOMING BOOKS:Dhyan (Meditation) - Gujarati Quotations from nine major religions Shrimad Rajchandra Lord Mahavir - Gujarati Chandanbala -- Pictorial story and other story books.

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