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________________ dvandva aura unakA nivAraNa DA. rAmanArAyaNa evaM DA. rajjana kumAra..... pravaktA, pArzvanAthavidyApITha, vArANasI. dvandva manuSya kI eka pramukhaM manovaijJAnika samasyA hai| manuSya mArksa (1976) ke zabdoM meM dvandva ko eka aisI paristhiti ke rUpa ko jIvana ke prAraMbha se hI dvandva kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| dvandva meM paribhASita kiyA jA sakatA hai, jisameM paraspara virodhI preraka utpanna hone ke kaI kAraNa haiM jinameM se eka kAraNa kuNThA bhI hai| sakriya hote haiM, jisameM sabhI kI pUrti nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| kaNThA dvandva kA rUpa usa samaya le letI hai, jaba vyakti vibhinna laijArasa ke zabdoM meM-danda usa samaya utpanna hotA hai. jabaki paristhitiyoM ke bIca samAyojana kA prayAsa karatA hai aura usameM eka vyakti ko do asaMgata athavA pArasparika rUpa se virodhI vaha saphala nahIM ho pAtA hai| manuSya kI aneka icchAe~, AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ko prAyaH eka hI samaya para pUrA karanA AvazyakatAe~ tathA ruciyA~ hotI haiM kinta yaha jarUrI nahIM ki hotA hai, athavA jaba vivaza hokara eka AvazyakatA kI pUrti usakI sabhI icchAe~ va AvazyakatAe~ pUrI hI ho jaaeN| ina sabake karane para dUsarI AvazyakatA kI pUrti kara pAnA asaMbhava hI ho kAraNa eka aisA vAtAvaraNa bana jAtA hai jisakI paridhi meM vaha jAtA hai| ulajha jAtA hai| vAtAvaraNa kI isa paridhi meM manuSya ko kucha virodhI zaktiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai, jisake kAraNa dvandva kA artha hai-viparIta vicAroM, icchAoM, uddezyoM kA usake mana meM saMgharSa utpanna hotA hai aura yahI saMgharSa dvandva kA virodh| janaka bana jAtA hai| raca (1967) ne bhI kahA hai - "jaba koI vyakti do meM se koI saMgharSa ke aneka rUpa ho sakate haiM- jaise- eka vyakti kA lakSya cunane ko bAdhya hotA hai yA kisI eka lakSya ke prati dUsare se saMgharSa, vyakti kA usake vAtAvaraNa se saMgharSa, pArivArika / vidheyAtmaka yA niSedhAyAtmaka bhAva rakhatA hai to use dvandvasaMgharSa, sAMskRtika saMgharSa, aadi| ina sabase kahIM adhika gambhIra kuNThA kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai|" aura bhayAnaka hai - AMtarika sNghrss| yaha saMgharSa vyakti ke vicAroM, mAnasika dvandva kA artha spaSTa karate hue phrAyaDa ne likhA hai saMvegoM, icchAoM, bhAvanAoM, dRSTikoNoM Adi meM hotA hai| ki 'idam aham aura param aham ke bIca sAmaMjasya kA abhAva saMgharSa kA mukhya AdhAra--ucita aura anacita kA vicAra hone se mAnasika dvandva utpanna hotA hai|' hotA hai| . uparyukta paribhASAoM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki dvandva kA dvandva kI paribhASA - dvandva, antardvandva tathA kahIM-kahIM saMgharSa ina anubhava vyakti usa samaya karatA hai, jaba use do vAMchita lakSyoM meM se kisI eka kA cayana karanA hotA hai, yA kisI eka lakSya tInoM kA English anuvAda Cinflict hai tathA Conflict zabda kI utpatti laiTina bhASA ke Conlictus zabda se huI hai, jisakA artha ke prati usakI dhAraNA vidheyAtmaka evaM niSedhAtmaka donoM taraha hai eka sAtha ttkraanaa| ataH dvandva kA artha eka aisI sthiti se hai, kI hotI hai| isake atirikta dvandva kA anubhava una dazAoM meM bhI jisameM do AvegoM kA eka samaya para hI pArasparika rUpa se hotA hai, jinameM lakSya taka pahu~cane ke lie do mArga upalabdha haiM, TakarAva va saMgharSa hotA hai| yA yoM kahA jAya ki dvandva kI avasthA paraMtu vyakti yaha taya nahIM kara pAtA hai ki kisa mArga kA cayana usa samaya utpanna hotI hai, jaba paryAvaraNa meM AvazyakatA kI kiyA jAya yA upalabdha lakSyoM meM se sabhI niSedhAtmaka hai, paraMtu pUrti ke lie eka se adhika lakSya upalabdha hote haiM. paraMta cayana kisI eka kA cayana karanA hI hai| kisI eka hI kA karanA ho yA eka hI lakSya ke prati vyakti kI dvandva kA vargIkaraNa AvRtti vidheyAtmaka evaM niSedhAtmaka donoM prakAra kI hotI hai| dvandvoM kA vargIkaraNa unake srotoM va cetana tathA acetana roine rNgsaagrsaarN : rvaarNdrNgN
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________________ - yatIndrasarika grantha - Adhutika sandarbha meM jainadharmarUpoM ke AdhAra para nimnalikhita DhaMga se kiyA jA sakatA hai-- nahIM dete| udAharaNArtha parivAra meM jaba eka bar3A bAlaka kisI (ka) strotoM ( sources) ke AdhAra para vargIkaraNa - dUsare choTe bAlaka se khilaunA chIna letA hai taba choTe bAlaka ko kabhI-kabhI ekadama krodha A jAtA hai, aura vaha bar3e bAlaka (i) AMtarika AvazyakatAoM tathA bAhya pratirodhoM meM dvndv| se apanA khilaunA na milane para usako mArane va gAlI dene (ii) do bAhya AgrahoM ke paraspara virodha se dvndv| lagatA hai paraMtu turaMta hI mAtA-pitA yA ghara-parivAra ke anya (iii) do AMtarika AvazyakatAoM ke paraspara virodha se dvndv| vyakti usake aise asabhya vyavahAra athavA krodha ke AvegoM kI galata rUpa se abhivyakti se manA karate haiN| isa prakAra yahA~ (kha) cetana ke AdhAra para vargIkaraNa - bAlaka ke lie bAhya pratirodhoM ke kAraNa AMtarika AvegoM kI (i) upAgama-upAgama dvandva (Approach-Approach Conflict) parti na hone para dvandva utpanna hotA hai| bAlaka ke lie AraMbhika (ii) parihAra-parihAra dvandva (Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict) / jIvana meM aisI aneka sthitiyA~ AtI haiM, paraMtu dhIre-dhIre samaya bItane ke sAtha-sAtha unakA rUpa samAjIkRta hotA calA jAtA (iii) upAgama-parihAra dvandva (Approach-Avoidance Conflict) hai tathA phira unameM prAyaH aisA tIvra dvandva utpanna nahIM hone paataa| (iii) do harA upAgama - parihAra dvandva ( Double Approach jaina-ciMtakoM ne bhI isa prakAra ke dvandva kA ullekha kiyA Avoidence Conflict) hai| unakA yaha mAnanA hai ki yaha dvandva bAhya evaM AMtarika saMvegoM (ga) acetana ke AdhAra para vargIkaraNa meM pArasparika saMgharSoM ke phalasvarUpa utpanna hotA hai| upAsakadazAMga (i) idam tathA aham ke dvandva (Conflict between id and Ego) meM cullazataka nAmaka gRhastha sAdhaka isI dvandva se pIr3ita vyakti hai| yadyapi vaha AtmavikAsa kI sAdhanA meM rata rahatA hai, lekina (ii) aham tathA parAham ke dvandva (Conflict between Ego and deva dvArA bAhya vastu (dhana, sampatti Adi) ke naSTa karane kI super Ego) dhamakI se vaha bhayabhIta ho jAtA hai| isase bacane hetu vaha deva ko (iii) idam tathA parAham ke dvandva (Conflict between Id and pakaDanA cAhatA hai aura apane vrata ko bhaMga kara letA hai| dhana, super Ego) sampatti Adi bAhya sAdhana haiM jo vyavahArika rUpa meM manuSya kI dvandvoM ke ina vibhinna rUpoM meM kaThora AdhAra para maulika icchAoM kI pUrti karate haiN| icchAeM bAhya aura AMtarika donoM aMtara nahIM hotA hai, balki inameM paryApta mAtrA meM pArasparika rUpa hotI hai| yahA~ cullazataka bAhya vastu ko bacAne ke lie AMtarika se overlapping hI rahatA hai| dvandvoM ke ina vibhinna rUpoM ke udvega se grasita hokara deva ko pakar3anA cAhatA hai kyoMki usake vidhivat varNana karane se pahale yahA~ para dvandva ke srotoM kA vivecana mana meM yaha bhaya baiTha jAtA hai ki dhana-sampattivihIna vyakti karanA ati Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| zaktihIna hotA hai| zaktihIna hokara saMgharSa meM jInA nahIM caahtaa| dvandva ke vibhinna srota - vyakti meM prAyaH dvandvoM ke mukhya strota usa samaya vaha socatA hai ki deva ko vaha pakar3a legA aura apane nimnalikhita DhaMga se hote haiM dhana kA apaharaNa nahIM hone degaa| lekina vaha isa mithyA mAyA se ThagA jAtA hai taba vaha punaH apanI vratArAdhanA meM ThIka usI taraha (i) AMtarika AvazyakatAoM tathA bAhya pratirodhoM meM TakarAva pravRtta ho jAtA hai, jaise ki paripakva bAlaka samAjagata samasyAoM se utpanna dvandva - vyakti apanI vibhinna jaivika AvazyakatAoM ko samajha lene para isa taraha ke dvandva se bacane lagatA hai| va AvegoM kI pUrti apane bAhya paryAvaraNa ke aMtargata hI karatA (ii) do bAhya AgrahoM ke paraspara virodha se dvandva - samAja hai, paraMtu bAhya paryAvaraNa ke isa saMbaMdha meM aneka pratirodha adhikAMzataH bhautika avarodhoM, sAmAjika paraMparAoM tathA kabhI-kabhI vyakti ke sammukha paraspara rUpa se virodhI bhUmikAe~ sAMskRtika mUlyoM ke rUpa meM hote haiM aura ve vyakti ke AvegoM prastuta karatA hai, tathA unakA paripAlana karane ke lie bhArI kI pUrti tathA saMtuSTi galata tarIkoM se vyakta karane kI anumati Agraha karatA hai| udAharaNArtha, samAja ke naitika va dhArmika upadeza
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________________ yatIndrasUri mA AdhRtika sandarbha meM jainadharma - vyakti se saMsAra ke anya samasta vyaktiyoM ke eka hI Izvara kI se tIvra dvandva utpanna hotA hai, kyoMki jaba vaha vidyArthI parIkSA meM saMtAna hone ke nAte unake prati eka ora samAnatA kA vyavahAra ucca aMka prApta karane ke lie adhika samaya taka par3hanA cAhatA karane kI apekSA rakhate haiM tathA dUsarI ora ThIka isake viparIta, hai, taba vaha khelakUda ko adhika samaya nahIM de sakatA aura yadi usase apane rASTra, apane dharma, samAja va samUha ko hI sarvazreSTha vaha adhika samaya apane khela meM detA hai taba vaha parI mAnane kA bhI Agraha karate haiN| mUlarUpa se aisI sAmAjika aMka nahIM pA sktaa| ThIka isI prakAra, jaba eka vidyArthI rAta meM bhUmikAoM se vyakti meM dvandva utpanna svAbhAvika hI hai| aise hI par3hanA bhI cAhe va sAtha hI sAtha zIghra hI sone kI bhI usakI samAja vyakti ko eka ora sAmAjika anurUpatA (Social icchA rahatI ho, taba aisI sthiti meM usameM do AMtarika icchAoM Conformity) ke vyavahAra ke lie par3hAtA hai tathA dUsarI ora ke paraspara virodha se dvandva utpanna honA svAbhAvika hI hotA hai| Arthika stara para use vyaktivAda (Individualism) kI zikSA yahA~ hama upAsakadazAMga meM varNita surAdeva nAmaka gRhastha detA hai tathA use ghora pratispardhA bhI sikhAtA hai| isI prakAra kahA jA sAdhaka kA udAharaNa prastuta karake isa dvandva ko spaSTa karanA sakatA hai ki samAja vyakti ko eka ora sahayoga tathA dUsarI ora caaheNge| surAdeva AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM rata hai| usakI AMtarika virodha (pratispardhA) ke paraspara virodhI AgrahoM se una vyaktiyoM meM icchA hai ki vaha zuddha aura saMyamapUrNa jIvana jie| isake lie dvandva kI sthitiyA~ utpanna karatA hai| Adhunika yuga meM jisa taraha se sAdhanAkrama meM eka deva use yaha dhamakI detA hai ki vaha apanI sAmAjika parivartana ho rahA hai, usameM aise mUlyoM ke dvandva (Con ugra sAdhanA se virata ho jAe anyathA usake zarIra meM eka sAtha flict in Values) sAdhAraNata: atyadhika dekhane ko milate haiN| 16 mahAroga utpanna kara degaa| jisake kAraNa tIvra vedanA ke sAtha jaina-darzana meM sabhI jIvoM ko saiddhAMtika rUpa se samAna usakI mRtyu ho jaaegii| surAdeva deva kI isa dhamakI se bhayabhIta samajhA jAtA hai, paraMtu vyAvahArika stara para isameM bhinnatA bhI ho jAtA hai aura isase bacane ke lie use pakar3anA cAhatA hai dekhI jAtI hai| yadyapi yaha bhinnatA sAmAjika stara para hI parilakSita aura apanA vrata bhaMga kara letA hai| surAdeva kI AMtarika icchA hai hotI hai, phira bhI yaha dvandva kI janaka to hai hii| vastuta: isa taraha ki vaha AdhyAtmika zuddhi prApta kare sAtha hI sAtha usakA zarIra ke dvandva kA udAharaNa jaina-ciMtana meM nahIM milatA hai kyoMki yahA~ / svastha rahe, lekina deva dvArA usake zarIra meM solaha mahAroga eka sabhI jIvoM ko nizcayAtmaka dRSTi se samAna mAnA gayA hai, lekina sAtha utpanna karane kI dhamakI use unake kAraNa utpanna mahAvedanA paryAyadRSTi se yahA~ jIvagata bheda dRSTigocara hotA hai aura isakA kA bodha karAtI hai| vaha isa vedanA se bacanA cAhatA hai| kAraNa jIva ke karmoM ko mAna liyA jAtA hai / ataH isa rUpa meM phalasvarUpa vaha ise utpanna karane vAle pramukha kAraNa deva ko isake kAraNa manuSya ke mana meM jo dvandva utpanna hotA hai, vaha do pakar3anA cAhatA hai| ataH ise do AMtarika icchAoM ke paraspara bAhya AgrahoM ke paraspara virodha kA hI pariNAma mAnA jA sakatA virodha se utpanna dvandva kA udAharaNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainoM meM sabhI duHkhoM se mukti ke lie mokSa tAnI cetana starIya dvandva - Lewin ke anusAra vyakti ke cetana dvandva pada ko svIkAra kiyA hai, lekina isakI prApti vyaktigata sAdhanA sI ke bhI prAyaH nimnalikhita cAra rUpa hote haiM-- se hI saMbhava hai| (i) upAgama-upAgama dvandva - aise dvandva ko AkarSaNa-AkarSaNa (iii) do AMtarika AvazyakatAoM ke paraspara virodha se dvandva- danTa bhI kahate haiM. isake aMtargata vyakti kI davidhA yaha rahatI hai ___ vyakti kabhI-kabhI paraspara rUpa se virodhI apanI hI ki vaha do samAna lakSyoM meM se kisa lakSya ko svIkAra kare aura AMtarika AvazyakatAoM ke dvandva ke jAla meM pha~sa jAtA hai| kise asvIkAra kare, kyoMki sthiti aisI hai ki vaha una donoM meM udAharaNArtha, jaba eka vidyArthI parIkSA meM bhI ucca zreNI ke aMka se kevala eka ko svIkAra kara sakatA hai tathA eka ke svIkAra prApta karanA cAhatA hai va sAtha hI sAtha khelakUda meM bhI apanI karane para yahA~ dUsare lakSya kI prApti svayaM hI samApta ho jAtI prabala ruci rakhanA cAhatA hai, taba aisI sthiti meM eka sAmAnya hai| jaise eka navayuvatI ke sAmane vivAha ke lie do aise uttama vidyArthI ke lie aisI do paraspara rUpa se virodhI AvazyakatAoM prastAva vicArAdhIna hote haiM, jo ki saba dRSTiyoM se ekadama AkarSaka prvaaddtaarururururururuvaarmade 6 saaryutNguruvaarN saayNtirationusaarNg
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________________ yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - Adhunika sandarbha meM jainadharma - hote haiM, taba usakI mAnasika ulajhana yaha hotI hai ki vaha kise meM se kisI eka kA cayana karanA hotA hai, jabaki yaha donoM meM se svIkAre tathA kise asviikaare| usakI vAstavika mAnasika dvandva kisI ko bhI nahIM cAhatA hai| jaise jaba eka bImAra bAlaka se kA aisI sthiti ko Arekha ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai- usakI mA~ kar3avI golI lene yA phira usake sthAna para iMjekzana upAgama - upAgama dvandva lene ke lie pUchatI hai, taba bAlaka svAbhAvikataH ina donoM kaTu va kaSTakAraka sthitiyoM meM se kisI eka ko bhI svIkAra nahIM suMdara va AkarSaka yuvaka suMdara va AkarSaka yuvaka karanA cAhatA, paraMtu sAtha hI sAtha usakA saMkaTa yaha bhI hai ki tathA < > navayuvatI tathA vaha isa sthiti se baca bhI nahIM sktaa| dA~ta ke darda se pIr3ita upAgama upAgama dillIvi.vi.kA pravaktA javAharalAlaharUvi.vi. vyakti ke sammukha bhI kabhI-kabhI aise hI saMkaTa kI sthiti usa kApravaktA samaya A jAtI hai, jaba vaha dA~ta ke DAkTara ke pAsa dA~ta nikalavAne ke bhaya se bhI DaratA hai, tathA ghara para dA~ta ke darda ko bhI sahana nahIM isa Arekha meM navayuvatI vivAha ke lie donoM yuvakoM kI kara paataa| aise hI, pArivArika jIvana meM jaba eka yuvaka kI mA~ ora samAna rUpa se AkarSita hai, paraMtu vaha unameM se kevala eka va usakI patnI meM ghora yuddha chir3a jAtA hai, taba usake mana meM yaha kA hI cayana kara sakatI hai, vaha kise svIkAra kare tathA kise dvandva uTha khar3A hotA hai ki vaha ina donoM meM se kisakA pakSa le va asvIkAra kare, yahI usa yuvatI kA dvandva hai| jise upAgama kisakA na le| mA~ kA pakSa lene para patnI ke prakopa ko bhI vaha upAgama dvandva kahA jA sakatA hai| bhalIbhAMti jAnatA hai aura patnI kA pakSa lekara vaha mA~ ke komala jaina-darzana meM isa dvandva kA citraNa bhAvanA adhikAra dvArA / hRdaya ko bhI Thesa nahIM pahu~cAnA caahtaa| Arekha kI sahAyatA se samajhAyA jA sakatA hai| vyakti ke mana meM utpanna sthAyI mithyA isa danda ko spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai-- saMskAroM ke nirmANa karane kI prakriyA bhAvanA kahalAtI hai inakI parihAra-parihAra dvandva kula saMkhyA bAraha hai, jinameM anyatva bhAvanA bhI eka hai jo vyakti ko anya vastaoM se usakI bhinnatA kA artha-bodha patnI ke prakopa kA bhaya <--------pati ---------->mAke bhAvoMkoThesa kA bhayapahacane parihAra parihAra karAtI hai| maraNavibhatti meM ise spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai-- hamArA yaha zarIra bhinna hai, hamAre baMdhu-bAMdhava bhinna haiN| saMsAra ke uparyukta Arekha ke mAdhyama se vyakti ke parihAra-parihAra samasta bhautika padArtha unake rizte-nAte hamase bhinna haiM tathA hama dvandva ko darzAyA gayA hai| pArivArika kalaha meM mA~ va patnI ke (AtmA) una padArthoM se bhinna haiM (maraNavibhatti, 590) / isa bIca kalaha kI sthiti yaha hai ki vaha kisakA pakSa le| apanI AdhyAtmika ciMtana se kisI ke mana meM jo dvandva utpanna hotA hai mA~ kA pakSa le yA patnI kaa| donoM sthitiyoM meM se eka kA pakSa use nimna Arekha dvArA prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai-- usake lie lenA khatare kI ghaMTI ke bajane ke hI samAna hai| AdhyAtmika moha <--- mAtA ---> putramoha (isI taraha ke anya parihAra - parihAra dvandva kI sthiti meM bhI vyakti ke lie apane sAMsArika moha) viveka se tathA tarka vitarka ke sahAre eka upayukta nirNaya kA isa Arekha meM mAtA ke samakSa do pakSa haiM--patramoha tathA samaya para lenA Avazyaka hotA hai| yahA~ vyakti dvArA koI bhI dUsarI tarapha anyatva bhAvanA ke rUpa meM AdhyAtmika moha / vaha / nirNaya na lenA bhI eka prakAra se usakA eka nirNaya hI hotA hai, donoM prakAra ke moha-baMdhana ko toDa nahIM pA rahI hai| isake paraMtu eka niSkriya nirNaya kI apekSA vyakti kA sakriya nirNaya kAraNa usake mana meM jo dvandra utpanna ho rahA hai. vaha upAga- adhika upayukta va ucita rahatA hai, kyoMki isameM usake viveka upAgama, dvandva kA udAharaNa hai| kI zakti va mAnasika bala kI zakti sammilita rahatI hai| parihAra-parivAra nanda-kabhI kabhI vyakti aisI TaTa kI jaina-ciMtana meM makaranda-putra jina pAlita aura jinarakSita sthiti meM pha~sa jAtA hai, jaba vyakti ko do niSedhAtmaka lakSyoM ko parihAra-parihAra dvandva se grasita mAnA jA sakatA hai| ratnadevI torolarordandidrobodoorowondwordroidrorists 17 Horondinirbudvard-ordrobarodroidododcordinarodar
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________________ - yatInda gariramAraka gata Atika sandarbha meM jainadharmake cakravyUha meM phaMse donoM vyaktiyoM ko zailaka yakSa dvArA mukti miThAI jaise jalebI khAne ko rakha dI jAe, taba vaha bhI aisI hI dilAne ke lie jo zarta rakhI gaI thI, vahI donoM vyaktiyoM ke mana duvidhA meM par3a jAtA hai, kyoMki purAnA madhumeha kA rogI hone ke meM utpanna isa dvandva kA janaka mAnA gyii| yakSa ne kahA maiM tuma kAraNa jalebI khAne se turaMta usakA roga aura bhI adhika bar3ha jAtA donoM ko ratnadevI ke caMgula se mukta kara sakatA huuN| tuma donoM hai aura garama-garama jalebI khAne ko mana bhI khUba lalacAtA hai| merI pITha para baiTha jAnA maiM vAyu mArga se isa devI kI parisImA se isa prakAra upAgama-parihAra dvandva kI sthiti vyakti ke tamheM bAhara kara duuNgaa| paraMtu tuma donoM kisI bhI sthiti meM pIche lie eka lakSya kI ora baDhane tathA sAtha hI sAtha usase bacane maDakara nahIM dekhoge agara aisA karoge to tumheM maiM apane pITha se kI bhI rahatI hai tathA jaise-jaise vyakti apane lakSya kI ora nIce girA daMgA aura tuma apane prANoM se hAtha dho baitthoge| yakSa ne bar3hatA hai. vaise-vaise hI usake dandra kA rUpa ugra hone lagatA hai yaha bhI kahA ki vaha ratnadevI hama sabakA pIchA karegI aura tama athavA aisI sthiti meM lakSya kI dhanAtmaka zakti va nakArAtmaka donoM ko apane mAyAjAla meM pha~sAkara punaH vApasa bulAne ke pAnI kI jAtI haiM aura rAti sekala sAre prayatna bhI kregii| tumheM inase sAvadhAna rahanA hogA aura pha~sa jAtA hai ki kyA kare aura kyA na kare? pIche mur3akara nahIM dekhanA hogaa| anyathA maiM tumhArI sahAyatA nahIM kara pAU~gA aura tumheM apane prANoM se hAtha dhonA pdd'egaa| jaina-ciMtana meM 19veM tIrthaMkara mallinAtha ke tIrthaMkara banane ke pUrva kI eka ghaTanA ko upAgama - parihAra dvandva ke udAharaNa yakSa una donoM ko lekara ratnadevI ke sImA kSetra se bAhara ra ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai- (jJAtAdharma- kathA, aSTama jAne lgaa| ratnadevI ne unakA pIchA kiyaa| unheM bahuta sAre pralobhana adhyayana) mallinAtha ke AkarSaka aura cittabhAvana rUpa para die| jinapAlita zailaka yakSa kI cetAvanI ko dhyAna meM rakhakara mohita hokara pratibuddhi caMdracchAya, zaMkha, rukmi, adanizatru aura kisI prakAra ke dvandva kA zikAra nahIM huaa| paraMtu jinarakSita dvandva jitazatru ina chaha rAjAoM ne kuMbharAjA (mallinAtha ke pitA) se kA zikAra huA aura apane prANoM se hAtha dho baitthaa| yadyapi usakI putrI kA hAtha maaNgaa| kuMbha ke inakAra karane para chahoM jinapAlita ne apane mana ko dvandva se mukta rakhane kA prayatna rAjAoM ne sammilita rUpa se usake rAjya para AkramaNa karane kiyA aura saphala bhI huA, lekina usake mana meM do niSedhAtmaka kA nirNaya liyaa| isakI jAnakArI malli rAjakumArI ko bhI bhAva utpanna hue| huii| mallirAjakumArI bhAvI tIrthaMkara hone vAlI thii| use 1. prANa jAne kA bhaya, 2.sukha-vaibhava chUTane kA bhy| . jAtismaraNAdi kA bodha thaa| vaha apane evaM una chahoM rAjAoM ke sakha vaibhava ra... jinarakSita ...> prANa jAne kA bhaya pUrvabhava eva AgAmI bhava ke pariNAma se avagata thii| vaha una chUTane kA duHkha rAjAoM ko isake saMbaMdha meM batAnA cAhatI thii| yaha usakA una chahoM ke prati AkarSaNa thaa| lekina usI kSaNa usake mana meM yaha (iii) upAgama-parihAra dvandva - isa meM vyakti ke sAmane aisI bhI thA ki agara vaha aisA karatI hai to rAjAgaNa usake pitA ke sthiti hotI hai jisameM do virodhI tattva eka sAtha milakara usake rAjya para AkramaNa kareMge aura vyApaka narasaMhAra ho sakatA hai| vyavahAra meM dvandva utpanna kate haiN| aisI sthiti meM vyakti eka hI yaha mallikumArI kA una chahoM ke prati vikarSaNa bhAva thaa| ataH samaya para eka viSaya athavA vyakti ke prati AkarSita hokara mallikumArI ke mana meM eka hI kSaNa meM do paraspara virodhI bhAva usakI ora bar3hanA bhI cAhatA hai, paraMtu sAtha hI sAtha usakI ora uTha rahe the-AkarSaNa evaM vikarSaNa (bhy)| ye donoM milakara bar3hane se use bhaya bhI lagatA hai| jaise jaba eka vyakti apane upAgama yaha mallikumArI kA una chahoM ke prati vikarSaNa bhAva Boss se apanI vetanavRddhi yA kisI anya anumati ke lie thaa| parihAra dvandva utpanna kara rahe the| AtA hai, taba usake mana meM kabhI-kabhI yaha saMkoca bhI hone lagatA hai ki kahIM usakA de usake isa kriyAkalApa se gassA na (iv) doharA upAgama-parihAra dvandva - aise dvandva kI sthiti meM ho jAe aura use prApti ke sthAna para ulTe kSati hI na ho jaae| vyakti aisI duvidhAoM meM eka sAtha par3a jAtA hai ki use kucha aise hI, jaba eka purAne madhumeha ke rogI ke sammukha svAdiSTa bhI nizcita rUpa se karane meM saMtuSTi ke sAtha - sAtha asaMtuSTi bhI
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________________ yatIndrasUri smAraka ganya aparihArya rUpa se milatI hai| jaba vidyArthI khela bhI dakSatA tathA adhyayana meM ucca zreNI kI saphalatA cAhatA hai, taba usakA dvistarIya saMgharSa yaha rahatA hai ki khela meM dakSa hone para vaha apane kAleja meM lokapriya avazya hotA hai, paraMtu sAtha hI sAtha khela meM adhika samaya dene para usake adhyayana kA bahumUlya samaya naSTa ho jAtA hai| dUsarI ora jaba vaha zaikSika upalabdhi cAhatA hai va isase usako mAtA-pitA kA anumodana prApta hotA hai, usakI kakSA meM pratiSThA bar3hatI hai, paraMtu kevala adhyayana meM hI vyasta rahane para vaha apane mitroM meM apriya bana jAtA hai| ataH aise dvandva kA samAdhAna karane ke lie use kAphI soca-samajhakara vivekapUrNa nirNaya lenA hogaa| jaina graMtha upAsakadazAMga meM cullazataka nAmaka gRhastha sAdhaka dohare upAgama-parihAra dvandva se pIr3ita vyakti lagatA hai| ( upAsakadazAMga, paMcama adhyyn)| eka tarapha vaha ugra sAdhanA apanI AdhyAtmika unnati hetu kara rahA hai dUsarI tarapha vaha laukika saMpadA se bhI mukta rahanA cAhatA hai, kyoMki yaha kahA gayA hai ki isa saMsAra meM dhana yA artha vaha parama sAdhana hai, jo vyakti ko saba kucha upalabdha karA sakatA hai| pAralaukika yA AdhyAtmika ciMtana meM isa siddhAMta ko mahattvahIna hI mAnA gayA hai| lekina AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM rata cullazataka saMbhavataH isa bAta ko vismRta kara baiThA aura dvandva kA zikAra ho gyaa| jaba deva upasarga ke rUpa meM use yaha dhamakI dene lagA ki maiM tumhArI sArI sampatti rAjamArgo para bikhera dU~gA tuma nirdhana evaM dhanahIna ho jAoge / tumheM mahAdaridratA kA kaSTa bhoganA pdd'egaa| cullazataka yaha kaSTa uThAnA nahIM cAhatA thA, phalasvarUpa deva ko usane pakar3anA cAhA aura apane vrata ko khaNDita kara liyaa| acetana starIya dvandva - vyakti ke acetana dvandva ke nimnalikhita tIna rUpa hote haiM- (i) idam tathA aham ke dvandva - idam ke Avega abhinna rUpa se sukhAtmaka siddhAnta dvArA saMcAlita hote rahate haiM, jabaki aham kA saMbaMdha jIvana kI kaThora vAstavikatAoM se rahatA hai| ataH idam ke AvegoM tathA aham ke pratirodhoM meM TakarAva se dvandva utpanna honA sahaja rUpa se hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| vastutaH vyakti ke aham kA udgama va vikAsa idam ke mukta AvegoM para Avazyaka saMyama va niyaMtraNa sthApita hone ke Adhunika sandarbha meM jainadharma pazcAt hI sambhava hotA hai / vyakti kA vikasita aham isa tathya. kA dyotaka hotA hai ki aba idam ke AnandabhogI AvegoM kA svarUpa adhikAMzataH samAjIkRta athavA sAmAjika mAnakoM va mUlyoM ke anurUpa saMgaThita ho gayA hai| paraMtu yadi aham vikAsa meM kucha nirbalatA rahatI hai, taba isase yaha bhI spaSTa patA lagatA hai ki aisI sthiti meM vyakti kI idam kI damita icchAe~ acetana rUpa se aneka rUpa dhAraNa karake vividha manozcanAoM va lakSaNoM ke mAdhyama se apanI abhivyakti ke mArgoM kI satat khoja kara rahI haiN| aisA mAnA gayA hai ki idam hI aham ke rUpa meM vikasita hotA hai| agara sAmAnya DhaMga se yaha parivartana hotA rahe to isake kAraNa vyakti ke mana meM kisI prakAra kA dvandva nahIM banatA, lekina jaba mUlyabodha aura naitikatA kI paridhi meM Akara vicAra karate haiM to idam kI kucha anubhUtiyoM ko dabAnA par3atA hai| vahI dabI huI idam kI vRtti kriyAzIla hokara vividha prakAra kI vikRtiyoM ko janma detI hai yahI dvandva bhI utpanna karatI hai / dvandva calane, bAta karane, socane Adi sabhI kriyAoM para prabhAva DAlatA hai| jaina - ciMtakoM ne bhI isa taraha ke dvandva ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra kiyaa| unhoMne bhI manuSya kI vibhinna kriyAoM kA varNana karane kA prayatna kiyA aura AcAra pakSa evaM naitika mAnyatAoM kI paridhi meM le aayaa| jainagraMthoM meM isa para ciMtana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vyakti kisa prakAra gamana kare, kisa prakAra Asana grahaNa kare, kisa prakAra zayana kare, kaise AhAra le, kisa prakAra bole tAki alpa pApakarmoM kA baMdhana ho / (dazavaikAlika, 4/ 7) yadyapi jainoM ne pApa karmoM kA alpa baMdhana aura kriyAoM ko naitikatA kI paridhi meM lAkara ise AdhyAtmika svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai, paraMtu ise idam tathA aham ke saMgharSo kA pariNAma mAna jA sakatA hai| yaha saMgharSa eka dvandva ko utpanna karatA hai jise manovaijJAnikoM ne idam tathA aham kA dvandva kahA hai| Conscious cetana avacetana Unconscious Ego ( atyahama) Ego aham Ego aham bAharI yathArthatA Reality or External stimuli sensara Censor aham kA saMbaMdha eka ora (ii) aham tathA parAham ke dvandva idam kI Ananda-yoga icchAoM tathA dUsarI ora parAham ke { 19 JGnGnG mimbimbin
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________________ . catIndayagrimAraka grantha - Adhunika sandarbha meM jainadharma. dhArmika va naitika mAnadaNDoM se jur3A rahatA hai| aham kI ina taraha ke apamAna sahane ke lie kiyA hai| maiM prAta: vApasa apane donoM viparIta va virodhI vyavahAroM meM samanvaya tathA tAlamela rAjya lauTa jaauuNgaa| yaha unake aham kI cetanA thii| usI kSaNa kabhI-kabhI idam kI vAsanApUrNa icchAoM ko bhI durutsAhita unake mana meM vicAra AyA ki saMgha ke pramukha AcArya bhagavAna kara jAtA hai| isase parAhama vyakti ke aham ko kacoTane lagatA mahAvIra haiM, saMgha se jAne ke pahale mujhe unase isakI anumati hai| isase hI vyakti meM aparAdha-bhAvanA, pApa-dhAraNA va prAyazcita lenI caahie| unake mana meM yaha bhAvanA parAham ke kAraNa jAgRta kI kaTu vedanA hone lagatI hai| sAmAnyata: aham aneka avasaroM huii| eka taraha kaSToM se Ubakara unheM chor3ane kA bhAva dUsarI tarapha para parAham kI aisI sAdhAraNa kaTu AlocanAoM va saMgharSoM kI pramukha se anumati lekara jAnA anuzAsana kI maryAdA banAe sthiti ko sahana bhI kara jAtA hai, tathA aise dvandva kI vyavahArika rakhane kA dyotaka hai| isalie ise parAham kA hI kArya mAnA jA jIvana meM vizeSa rUpa se ciMtA bhI nahIM krtaa| paraMtu aise dvandvoM kA sakatA hai| ata: eka hI samaya chor3anA aura pUchakara chor3ane kA svarUpa usa sthiti meM ati kaSTadAyaka ho jAtA hai, jabaki parAham jo bhAva meghamuni ke mana meM uThatA hai, use aham aura parAham ke kA rUpa ati vikasita ho jAtA hai| isase aham kI surakSAtmaka saMgharSa ke phalasvarUpa utpanna dvandva hI kahA jA sakatA hai| saMracanA vighaTita hokara TUTane lagatI hai, tathA vyakti ke vyavahAra (iii) idam tathA parAham ke dvandva - idam ke vAsanApUrNa kSaNika meM kabhI-kabhI aneka mAnasika va saMvegAtmaka vikRti ke lakSaNa AvegoM tathA parAham ke kaThora naitika AdazoM meM saMgharSa sahajarUpa bhI dikhAI dene lagate haiN| se hI bodhagamya hai| sAmAnyataH vyakti kA susaMgaThita aham ina vastuta: aise saMgharSa athavA dvandva parAham ke hI eka rUpa donoM paraspara virodhI AgrahoM meM samanvaya va tAlamela baiThAne meM antarAtmA kI kaThoratA dvArA prabhAvita hote haiM va kabhI-kabhI saphala rahatA hai, paraMtu phira bhI vyakti ke vyavahArika va sAmAjika aise gaMbhIra dvandva parAham ke doSapUrNa aham-AdarzoM dvArA nirdhArita jIvana meM aise dvandvoM kA prakrama nita calatA hI rahatA hai| aise dvandvoM hote haiN| aise hI jaba kabhI vyakti ke aham-AdarzoM kA rUpa se prAyaH taMtrikA-tApI tathA manovikRti kI sthiti taba taka alaukika va avyavahArika hotA hai, taba sAmAnyataH aise ucca utpanna nahIM hotI, jaba taka vyakti kA aham ina donoM paraspara AdarzoM se vyakti sadaiva nIce va pIche hI rahatA hai| isa kAraNa rUpa se virodhI AgrahoM meM saMtulana banAe rakhane meM paryApta rUpa se vyakti meM niraMtara aise abhAva ke bane rahane se yaha usake acetana zaktizAlI rahatA hai| paraMtu jaba vyakti ke aham meM inake ke dvandva kA mukhya kAraNa bana jAtA hai| paraspara virodhI AgrahoM para niyaMtraNa va samanvaya karane meM sthAyI jaina-ciMtana meM meghamuni kA dRSTAnta aham tathA parAham ke zithilatA A jAtI hai, taba vyakti meM yA to idam ke Avega hI saMgharSa ke kAraNa utpanna dvandva kA jIvanta citra prastuta karatA hai| yA phira parAham ke Adeza hI vyaktitva kA kendrIya saMcAlaka samrATa meghakamAra ne apane samasta vaibhavoM kA parityAga karake bana jAtA hai| usa sthiti meM vyakti yA to idam ke prabhAva ke bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAnidhya meM munidharma ko aMgIkAra kiyaa| kAraNa bhoga-icchAoM meM hI lipta ho jAtA hai, yA phira parAham ke rAtri-vizrAma ke samaya zramaNa-paraMparA meM jyeSThAnukrama meM muniyoM kaThora AdarzoM ke AgrahoM ke kAraNa ati dhArmika va vyavahArika ke lie choTe-bar3e krama se saMstAraka bichAne kA vidhAna hai| bana jAtA hai| sAMsArika tathA vyavahArika jIvana meM aisI donoM meghamani usa samaya sabase kaniSTha the| unheM bistara vizrAma-sthala kaThora pravRttiyA~ prAyaH kusamAyojana kI hI ora ummukha rahatI haiN| ke dvAra ke pAsa mila paayaa| dvAra ke pAsa maniyoM kA Ane-jAne prAyaH dvandvoM kA aisA svarUpa vyaktitva ke lie vighaTanakArI kA krama lagA rahA / isI anutkrama meM unake zarIra para dUsare tathA kSatijanaka hI hotA hai| sAmAnya vyakti meM bhI kucha acetana muniyoM ke pA~va kA AghAta bhI lgaa| isa kAraNa unheM nIMda nahIM dvandva rahate haiM, paraMtu unake rUpa prAyaH kabhI bhI aham ke surakSAtmaka aaii| ve pratApI samrATa the| ezoArAma meM pale the isa taraha ke saMgaThana kA ullaMghana nahIM karane pAte haiN| kaSTa ko sahana nahIM kara paae| ina sabake kAraNa unake aham ko jainamata meM isa dvandva ko rathanemi aura rAjImati ke udAharaNa Thesa lgii| ve socane lage maiMne apane vaibhava kA tyAga kyA isa dvArA prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jahA~ rAjamati 16veM tIrthaMkara sardarodisardarodariwarobarsaridroid 20diridrinidadrdasardaariusdaidasranslation
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________________ - yatIndasUrismAraka grantha - Adhunika saMdarbha meM jainadharma - ariSTanemi kI hone vAlI patnI thI, vahIM rathanemi ariSTanemi ke vargIkaraNa bhAI the| ariSTanemi ke vairAgya lene ke bAda rAjImati bhI dIkSita (Lewin 1935 Ruch 1967 para AdhArita) hokara raivataka parvata para ArUr3ha ariSTanemi kI vaMdanA karane jA dvandva kI pravaNatA (Gradients of Conflict)--adhikAMza rahI thii| usI parvata kI eka guphA meM rathanemi bhI tyAgamaya dvandvoM kI utpatti aise lakSyoM se hotI hai, jinameM AkarSaNa aura jIvana ko apanAkara tapArAdhanA meM lIna thaa| varSA ke kAraNa vikarSaNa donoM pAe jAte haiN| jaise kisI chAtra ko makkhana khAne rAjImati ko usI guphA meM zaraNa lenI pdd'ii| paraMtu isa bIca vaha kA zauka hai, paraMtu moTApe kA bhI bhaya hai, kisI chAtra ko parvatArohaNa varSA se pUrI taraha bhIga gaI thii| usane apane gIle vastroM ko meM ruci hai, paraMtu durghaTanA se DaratA hai yA koI baccA battakha ko sukhAne ke lie use jamIna para phailA diyaa| isI bIca sAdhanArata pakar3ane ke lie agrasara honA cAhatA hai, paraMtu usakI AvAja se rathanemi kI dRSTi rAjImati ke vastrahIna deha para pdd'ii| vaha vAsanA DaratA bhI hai| ina sabhI paristhitiyoM meM AkarSaNAtmaka vikarSaNa ke Avega se bhara gayA aura rAjImati kI zarIra ko pAne ke lie donoM hai| ina paristhitiyA~ ko ubhaya karSaNAtmaka (Ambivalent) usase anunaya vinaya karane lgaa| rAjImati ne use aisA karane se paristhitiyAM kahate haiN| lakSya-vastuoM se vyakti kI samajha se rokA aura upadeza dekara use usake lakSya kA jJAna kraayaa| AkarSaNa evaM vikarSaNa kI mAtrA jitanI hogI, usI ke anurUpa rAjImati ke upadeza se vaha vAsanAtmaka Avega se mukta huA vyakti ke vyavahAra meM lakSyoM ke prati upAgama yA parihAra kI aura apane tyAgamaya jIvana para dRDha ho gyaa| yahA~ rathanemi dvArA tIvratA bhI hogii| use dvandva kI pravaNatA yA tIvratA kahate haiM rAjImati ke zarIra ko pAne kI cAhata idam kI AnaMdAtmaka (Brown, 1948) hilagArDa (1975) ityAdi ne isa prasaMga meM anubhUti ko prakaTa karatI hai, dUsarI tarapha rAjImati ke upadeza nimnalikhita niSkarSa prastuta kiyA hai-- dvArA viveka kA jAgaraNa parAham kI bhAvanA para prakAza DAlatA hai| rathanemi ke mana meM usa samaya jo dvandva utpanna haA use idama (i) yadi prayojya vidheyAtmaka lakSya (+ve) ke samIpa hai to use tathA parAhama ke saMgharSa kA pariNAma hI kahA jA sakatA hai jahAM prApta karane kA prayAsa tIvra ho jaaegaa| aham ina virodhI bhAvoM ke bIca sAmaMjasya sthApita karatA hai| (ii) niSedhAtmaka uddIpaka (-ve) prayojya ke jitanA hI samIpa hogA, vaha usase utanA hI dUra honA caahegaa| (A) (iii) sAmAnyatayA vidheyAtmaka uddIpaka (+ve) kI tulanA meM niSedhAtmaka uddIpaka (-ve) se dUra hone kI pravRtti adhika prabala hotI hai| jainamata meM dvandvapravaNatA-dvandvapravaNatA kI avadhAraNA jaina mata meM nimna rUpoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai-- lakSya (i) prayojya vidheyAtmaka lakSya ke samIpa rahane para use prApta karane kA adhika prayatna karatA hai| yahI pravaNatA cullazataka meM pAI jAtI hai| jaba deva usakI dhana-sampatti ko apaharaNa karane kI dhamakI detA hai taba vaha (cullazataka) usa deva ko pakar3akara isa kArya ko hone hI nahIM denA cAhatA hai| yahA~ cullazataka ke samakSa deva ke rUpa meM lakSya samIpa thaa| usane socA ki agara maiM ise pakar3a letA haM to mere dhana kA apaharaNa nahIM ho pAegA kyoMki ise lene vAlA deva merI giraphta meM A jaaegaa| aniramidrorarianoonironironionbondonoonistant21Hdniroinororaniranoranidroritiiranikariramirrowrir
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________________ -- yatIndasUrismAraka grantha - Adhunika sandarbha meM jainadharma - tinA adhika samIpa rakSA-yuktiyoM ke mahattvapUrNa kArya-- hotA hai, vaha usase utanA hI adhika dUra rahanA cAhatA hai| yahA~ sAmAnya vyakti ke jIvana meM samAyojana kI dRSTi se rakSA makaraMda-putra jinapAlita ko udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| usake samakSa mRtyu ke bhaya ke rUpa meM niSedhAtmaka " yuktiyoM kA vizeSa yogadAna mAnA jAtA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM isake ttvapUrNa kArya nimnalikhita haiM-- lakSya thA- pIche mur3akara nahIM dekhnaa| usane pIche mur3akara nahIM dekhA aura apane prANoM kI rakSA kii| jabaki vaha nitya bhoga (1) rakSAyuktiyoM se vyakti kI samAyojana saMbaMdhI AvazyakatA vilAsoM meM ratnadevI ke sAtha lipta rahA thA, lekina yaha bhoga kI saralatA pUrvaka saMtuSTi hotI hai| vilAsa bhI aMtataH usakI mRtyu kA kAraNa bntaa| isalie vaha (2) inase vyakti meM kaMThAjanita tanAva, nirAzA va asaphalatA inase bacanA cAhA tathA ratnadevI ke lAkha pralobhanoM kA bhI usa kI prabalatA tathA kaTutA meM vizeSa rUpa se kamI AtI para prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| kyoMki usake samakSa mRtyu ke rUpa meM atyaMta balazAlI niSedhAtmaka lakSya thA, jisase use bacanA thaa| (3) inase vyakti ke vighaTana kI prakriyA kI kAragara rUpa se (iii) mallinAtha ke udAharaNa meM tRtIya niSkarSa ko samajhAyA rokathAma hotI hai| jA sakatA hai| svarNamUrti ke aMdara sar3e hue anna kI durgaMdha evaM (4) inase vyakti meM duzcintA kI mAtrA kama hotI hai| binA durgaMdha ke svarNamUrti kA chahoM rAjAoM dvArA jo avalokana kiyA gayA, vaha vastutaH vidheyAtmaka uddIpaka kI talanA meM (5) inase eka prakAra se vyakti ke Atma sammAna kI rakSA niSedhAtmaka uddIpaka se dUra hone kI manuSya kI pravRtti kA hotI hai, tathA sAtha hI sAtha vyakti ke ahama kI saMracanA sUcaka hai| prAyaH durgaMdha se manuSya dUra bhAgatA hai, jabaki manorama kI bhI paryApta surakSA rahatI hai| evaM AkarSaka vastue~ manuSya ko lubhAtI hai aura vaha inake pAsa (6) inase vyakti meM dvandvoM ke prati sahanazIlatA kI zakti meM AnA cAhatA hai| vRddhi hotI hai, kyoMki rakSA-yuktiyA~, vyakti tathA usake dvandva ke nivAraNa - vyakti ko jIvana meM aneka prabala kuNThAoM, dvandvoM ke madhya meM baphara kA kAma karatI hai tathA isa prakAra dvandvoM tathA vibhinna pratibala sthitiyoM kA mukhya rUpa se sAmanA vyakti ko kisI prakAra kI kSati nahIM pahu~cane pAtI hai| karanA par3atA hai, tathA inake prati yathAsaMbhava samAyojana khojane (7) inakI samAyojI prakriyA apratyakSataH tathA acetana rUpa kA bhI prayAsa karanA par3atA hai| vyakti apane tarka va viveka ke se nirdhArita hotI hai, ataH vyakti ke lie aisI kriyAe~ AdhAra para apane dvandvoM se utpanna nirAzAoM, viphalatAoM va eka prakAra ke prayAsa rahita rUpa se svataH hI sampanna hotI hInatAoM ke duSprabhAva ko kama karane kA cetana rUpa se bharasaka rahatI haiN| prayAsa karatA hai, paraMtu jaba vyakti isa prakrama meM asaphala ho jAtA hai, taba vyakti kA acetana ati kuzalatA ke sAtha usake . (8) inase vyaktitva kI ekatA vyAvahArikatA akhaMDita athavA dvandvoM ke tanAvoM ke duSprabhAvoM tathA kaTu anubhavoM kA nivAraNa samAkalita rahatI hai, tathA inake kAraNa vyaktitva kI prAyaH vibhinna mAnasika racanAoM ke mAdhyama se sampanna karatA hai| sthAI saMracanA ke vighaTita hone kI AzaMkA prAyaH nahIM ina mAnasika racanAoM kA mukhya uddezya vyakti meM dvandvoM se utpanna rhtii| AMtarika saMvegAtmaka tanAvoM ke prati vibhinna yuktiyoM ke dvArA (9) inase vyakti ke Atma-sampratyaya para bhI prAyaH pratikUla vyakti ke Atma-sammAna tathA usake aham kI rakSA karanA prabhAva nahIM par3ane paataa| hotA hai| isI kAraNa manoracanAoM ko rakSAyuktiyoM kI saMjJA dI 10) inake prabhAva ke kAraNa adhikAMzataH vyaktitva ke jAtI hai| vastutaH vyakti ke samAyojana-prakrama tathA usake vyaktitva ke vikAsa meM rakSA-yuktiyoM kI ati mahattvapUrNa tathA samAyojana tathA vikAsa kI prakriyA vizeSa sImAoM ke aMtargata sahaja rUpa se hI sampanna hotI rahatI hai| prabhAvI bhUmikA rahatI hai| :
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________________ - yatIndamanimAraka ganya Adhatika garbha meM jaina dharmarakSAyuktiyoM ke upayoga kI parisImAe~-- mAnasika viracanAoM ke kAraNa vyakti samasyA kI inake do kAraNa haiM vAstavikatA ko najaraaMdAja karane lagatA hai| aisA karane se (1) prathama yaha ki rakSA-yuktiyoM kA svarUpa adhikAMzataH usakA mAnasika dabAva kama ho jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha eka choTe se bacce kI mA~ jo kisI khataranAka roga se pIr3ita hai, yaha acetana rUpa se hI nirdhArita hotA hai| ataH svayaM vyakti dikhAvA kara sakatI hai ki vaha pIr3ita nahIM hai, kyoMki vAstavikatA ko bhI yaha jJAta nahIM hone pAtA ki vaha isake mAdhyama se ko dila se svIkAra kara lene para atyadhika mAnasika kaSTa apane kisa dvandva va viphalatA ko chipAne athavA inake upayoga se vaha apane kisa vedanApUrNa anubhava ke prabhAva hogaa| ata: vaha vAstavikatA ko najaraaMdAja karake prasannacita rahane kA prayAsa kara sakatI hai| dainika jIvana meM bhI.dekhane meM AtA ko kama kara rahA hai| hai ki vyakti apane prati kI gaI AlocanAoM ko najaraaMdAja (2) dUsare yaha ki jaba vyakti rakSA-yuktiyoM kA upayoga cetana * karatA rahatA hai, kyoMki una para dhyAna kendrita karate rahane se vyakti stara para vistRta rUpa se karane lagatA hai, taba svAbhAvikataH ulajhanoM se grasta ho sakatA hai| phrAyaDa ne kahA hai ki vyakti isase vyakti ke vyavahAra meM adhika kRtrimatA A jAtI asukhada anubhavoM kA damana kara detA hai yA use smRti se nikAla dene hai, tathA vyakti svayaM apane mithyA vyavahAra se AMtarika kA prayAsa bhI kara sakatA hai, tAki usakA samAyojana banA rhe| rUpa se Atma-avamUlyana va kucha sthitiyoM meM Atma mAnasika viracanA aneka prakAra kI ho sakatI hai, paraMtu chala kA anubhava bhI karane lagatA hai| isa prakAra vyakti abhI taka yaha nizcita nahIM ho pAyA hai ki kinheM mukhya aura ke cetana rUpa se rakSA-yukti ke upayoga ke prayAsa se kinheM gauNa mAnA jaae| sAmAnyataH vyakti meM nimnalikhita samAyojana ke sthAna para ulTe usase kusamAyojana hI manoracanAe~ athavA rakSA-yuktiyA~ kriyAzIla rahatI haiM jo nimna utpanna hotA hai| haiM, jinake dvArA dvandva kA samAdhAna ho sakatA hai| saMkSepa meM, rakSA yuktiyoM kA samAyojI mUlya va mahattva 1.damana Repression -damana se tAtparya cetanA meM se kisI aisI kucha vizeSa parisImAoM ke aMtargata hI rahatA hai, ina sImAoM ke icchA, vicAra yA anubhava ko nikAla denA hai jo duHkhada yA ullaMghana hone para vyakti ke vyavahAra meM asAmAnya vyavahAra ke / kaSTakara hai| kolamaina (1974) ke kathanoM ke anusAra kisI lakSaNa nizcita rUpa se dikhAI dene lagate haiN| khataranAka icchA yA asahanIya smRti ko cetanA se haTA denA hI dvandvoM kI samasyAoM se bacane ke vibhinna rUpa-- damana hai| isI kAraNa damana ko prerita vismaraNa (Motivated forgetting) bhI kahA jAtA hai| sAmAnyatayA samAyojana ke lie samAyojana kI samasyAoM se bacane ke lie vyakti pratyakSa aisA karanA lAbhakArI hotA hai, paraMtu sadaiva aisA karanA hAnikAraka upAyoM ke atirikta mAnasika viracanAoM kA bhI sahArA le bhI ho sakatA hai| phrAyaDa ke kahane ke mutAbika damita icchAe~ sakatA hai| isa avadhAraNA kA upayoga phrAyaDa ne una acetana acetana mana meM par3I rahatI haiM aura anukUla avasara milane para prakramoM ke lie kiyA hai jinake dvArA vyakti ciMtA Adi se cetanA meM Ane kA prayAsa karatI haiN| inakA pradarzana svapnoM meM baMcane kA prayAsa karatA hai| phrAyaDa kA vizvAsa thA ki acetana / prAyaH hotA hai| prakrama saMkaTa kI vAstavikatA ko nyUna kara detA hai| aura inake pariNAmasvarUpa samasyAoM ke prati vyakti kI dhAraNA meM aMtara damana kI manoracanA kA yahA~ anya samarUpa mAnasika A jAtA hai| paraMtu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM ki saMkaTa vAstava meM saMracanAoM se aMtara spaSTa karanA ati Avazyaka hai| ye saMracanAe~ ghaTa jAtA hai balki vyakti ko usake bAre meM vibhrama hone lagatA nimnAMkita haiM--(i) nirodha tathA (ii) avdmn| hai aura samasyA kI tIvratA isa prakAra mAnasika stara para ghaTa (i) nirodha--isake aMtargata vyakti soca-vicAra ke AdhAra para jAtI hai| eka vizeSa kriyA athavA icchita abhivyakti se apane Apako dUra rakhatA hai| ordedridrordidroidiariramidnididrodairidla 23drinidirodriwaridriomaritriaritariandodkar
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - Adhunika sandarbha meM jainadharma(ii) avadamana--isake aMtargata vaha apanI anaitika icchApUrti dvandva-nivAraNa meM damana ke hI aMtargata nirodha kI bhI prakriyA kA cetana stara para virodha karatA hai aura use jAna bUjhakara apanAI jAtI hai| jainoM ne isa hetu saMvara kA prayoga kiyA hai| saMvara acetana meM dhakela detA hai| karmAzraya ko karane kI eka prakriyA hai| nirodha meM dvandva utpanna zaizavakAlIna avasthA meM damana-damana kA prakrama manuSya / karane vAlI icchAoM para roka lagAI jAtI hai| jabaki saMvara kI meM usake zaizavakAlIna jIvana se hI prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| damana ke prakriyA meM AtmA kI ora Ane vAle una karma pudgaloM ko jo prakrama ke aMtargata hI zizu apanI aneka zaizavakAlIna ghRNAoM, unheM vikRta kara sakate haiM, rokA jA sakatA hai| (tattvArthasUtra, 9/ dvandroM va saMgharSoM ko aise damana ke kAraNa bhala jAtA hai tathA isase 1) yadyapi yaha eka AdhyAtmika kriyA hai. lekina jainoM ne usake Ane vAle jIvana meM samAyojana tathA vikAsa kA mArga mAnasika, kAyika tathA vAcika ina tInoM hI kriyAoM ko mA prazasta hotA hai| jina zizuoM meM aham kA saMgaThana adhika / karmabaMdhana kA kAraNa mAnA hai,(tattvArtha sUtra 6/1,2) jabaki prazasta ho jAtA hai, unake acetana damana kA prakrama bhI tadanusAra / manovaijJAnikoM ne mukhya rUpa se dvandva ke lie mAnasika vicAroM adhika prabala hI hI rahatA hai aura aisI sthiti meM vyakti meM ko hI mukhya sthAna diyA hai| jainoM ke anusAra mAnasika vicAra damita asAmAjika va anaitika icchAe~ bhI vyakti ke cetana bhI karma kI koTi meM Ate haiM jo jIva AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa stara para nahIM A pAtI hai| paraMtu yadi vyakti ke aham kA saMgaThana ko vikRta karate haiN| manovaijJAnikoM ke anusAra dvandva bhI vyakti kisI kAraNa nirbala rahatA hai, taba isase aisI aneka damita kI sAmAnya prakRti ko asAmAnya banAne kI kSamatA rakhatA hai, icchAe~ va idam kI vAsanAe~ vyakti ke aham kI surakSA, isIlie ve dvandva nivAraNa kI bAta karate haiN| saMracanA ke avarodha ko lA~ghakara yA phira kucha thor3A apanA rUpa 2. prakSepaNa(Projection) - yaha eka aisI rakSAyukti hotI hai, hI badalakara cetana stara apanI abhivyakti kA mArga vibhinna jisake mAdhyama se vyakti apanI kamajoriyoM evaM doSoM ko lakSaNoM ke rUpa meM khojane lagatI haiN| isa prakAra kI sthiti prAyaH dUsare para Aropita karatA hai, yA dUsaroM ko mAdhyama banAtA hai| isa taMtrikAtApI tathA manovikRti vyakti meM hI dekhane ko milatI prakrama ke kAraNa vyakti apanI asaphalatA ke lie svayaM ko hai| ata: vibhinna vyaktiyoM meM apane-apane aham kI saMracanA ke uttaradAyayI na mAnakara dUsaroM ko jimmedAra ThaharAtA hai (Page AdhAra para damana kI mAtrAe~ bhI bhinna-bhinna hotI hai| mAnasika dRSTi 1962) / phrAyaDa ne prakSepaNa ko eka acetana prakriyA batAyA se svastha vyaktiyoM meM isakI mAtrA prAya: adhika hI rahatI hai| jabaki mArksa (1976) ne prakSepaNa ko vAstavikatA ko asvIkAra dvandva-nivAraNa hetu jaina-paraMparA meM manovaijJAnika pravidhiyoM karane kA eka vizeSa rUpa kahA hai| sIyarsa (1937) ke bhI ko dArzanika rUpa se prastata kiyA gayA hai| manovaijJAnikoM ne anusAra isa viracanA kA prakArya apane doSoM ko dUsare para Aropita jisa prakAra damana (Repression) kI prakriyA ke AdhAra para karanA hai| jaise, parIkSA meM asaphala hone para chAtra apane adhyApakoM avAMchita icchAoM ko cetana stara se haTAkara acetana meM dabAne ra yA parIkSakoM ko doSI ThaharAtA hai| kI vidhi ko svIkAra kiyA hai, ThIka usI taraha jIva ke phrAyaDa ke kathAnusAra prakSepaNa vaha prakrama hai, jisameM ida vividha bhAvoM ko vyakta karate hue jainoM ne aupazamika bhAva (Id) kI icchApUrti meM asaphala hone para aham (Ego) bAharI para prakAza DAlA hai(tattvArthasUtra, 2/1) / aupazamika bhAva kAraNoM ko uttaradAyI mAnatA hai| kyoMki yadi svayaM ko uttarada upazama se paidA hotA hai| upazama kI isa kriyA meM jIva karmoM mAna liyA jAe to mAnasika tanAva adhika utpanna hogaa| anya se usI prakAra zuddha ho jAtA hai. jaise gaMdA jala gaMdagI ke nIce manovaijJAnikoM kA vicAra hai ki prakSepaNa viracanA ke pariNAmasvarUpa baiTha jAne se zuddha ho jAtA hai yadyapi mAtra karma ko hI jIva ke vyakti vAstavikatA se bhAganA cAhatA hai. isI kAraNa vaha bhAvoM kA janaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA phira bhI ise jIva ko apanI asaphalatAoM ke lie dUsaroM ko doSI ThaharAtA hai vikata karane vAlA eka sarvapramukha kAraNa avazya kahA jA (Kleinmuntz 1996) / sakatA hai| 3. pratikriyA saMracanA-pratikriyA saMracanA vaha mAnasika viracanA roaridwardrobworkwordwordwordwordwardrobirodibM 24d iridwaridroidrordrobiritd-standroid-iduotard
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________________ -yatIndrasUri smAraka granthahai jisake pariNAmasvarUpa vyakti kisI tIvra preraka yA icchA ko chipAne ke prayAsa meM usake viparIta vyavahAra karatA hai ( hila gArDa Adi 1975) / manovizleSaNavAdI vicAradhArA ke anusAra, eka vyakti ke vyavahAra meM kabhI-kabhI aisA dekhane meM AtA hai ki vaha vastutaH koI eka vizeSa vyavahAra karanA cAhatA hai, paraMtu vaha vaisA na karake ThIka usake viparIta hI vyavahAra karate dekhA jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM vyakti kisI eka vyakti athavA viSaya ke prati ghRNA ke sthAna para prema karane lagatA hai aura prema ke sthAna para ghRNA karane lagatA hai| vastutaH yahA~ vyakti kI aisI viparIta pratikriyA se hI usakA aham va samAyojana surakSita rahatA hai| jaise jaba eka karmacArI para usake baoNsa (Boss) kI nita akAraNa hI DA~Ta phaTakAra par3atI rahatI hai, taba aisI sthiti meM saMbaMdhita adhInastha karmacArI kI svAbhAvika pratikriyA apane baoNsa ko ulTI kar3I DA~Ta-phaTakAra lagAne kI bhI hotI hai, paraMtu aise vyavahAra ke pariNAma ko dekhakara prAyaH vaha aisA na karake ThIka isake viparIta baoNsa ke prati vinamratA kA hI vyavahAra karate dekhA jAtA hai aura niraMtara sthiti ko sa~bhAlate hue apane vAstavika AvegoM va saMvegoM ko niyaMtrita va damita kara letA hai / isa prakAra pratikriyA saMracanA eka aisI rakSAyukti hotI hai, jisake aMtargata vyakti apane kaSTakara, saMkaTa-sUcaka va kSati-janaka AvegoM va bhAvanAoM ko acetana meM dhakela detA hai aura unake sthAna para unake viparIta bhAva va vyavahAra ko pradarzita karane lagatA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki pratikriyA saMracanA kI rakSAyukti kA vyaktitva ke samAyojana meM eka vizeSa sImA taka mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| 4. yuktIkaraNa ( Rationalization) - jaba vyakti apanI asaphalatAoM para pardA DAlane ke prayAsa meM vAstavika kAraNa ke sthAna para avAstavika kAraNoM ke AdhAra kisI bAta kA aucitya siddha karatA hai to usa prakrama ko yuktIkaraNa kahate haiM kolamaina, (1974) ne bhI likhA hai ki isa viracanA meM vyakti apane dvArA kie jAne vAle kAryoM ko (tarkoM) ke AdhAra para ucita ThaharAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| yuktIkaraNa kI rakSA yukti se vyakti na kevala apane atIta ke alpa va viphala prayAsoM ke saMbaMdha meM hI banAvaTI va Adhunika sandarbha meM jainadharma dikhAvaTI tarka prastuta karatA hai, balki apane vartamAna niSphala prayAsoM ko bhI nyAyocita ThaharAne kA prayAsa karatA hai / udAharaNArthaM jaba eka vidyArthI parIkSA meM phela ho jAtA hai, taba prAyaH yahI kahate sunA jAtA hai ki pepara bahuta kaThina the, uttara pustikA ke jA~cane meM jarUra kucha gar3abar3I huI hai, parIkSAkAla meM usakI tabIyata kharAba thI aura inhIM kAraNoM se vaha parIkSA meM saphala nahIM ho sakA, paraMtu vaha yaha kabhI svIkAra nahIM karatA ki maiMne parIkSA meM saphala hone ke lie Avazyaka parizrama nahIM kiyA / kyoMki aisA kahane va mAnane se usake aham ko gaharI coTa lagatI hai va usakI sAmAjika pratiSThA bhI kama hotI hai tathA isa AtmasvIkRti se usakI ayogyatA pratyakSataH siddha hotI hai| spaSTataH vyakti isa kaThora va kaTu sthiti ko kabhI bhI svIkAra nahIM kara sktaa| isa kAraNa vaha apane aham kI rakSA va sAmAjika pratiSThA ko bacAne ke lie apane niSphala prayAsoM para pardA DAlane kA prayAsa karatA hai va lajjA kI vedanA se bacanA cAhatA hai| yuktIkaraNa ke mukhyataH do rUpa hote haiM- (i) prathama, jisake aMtargata vyakti apanI pasaMda va nApasaMda ke adhikAra para apane vyavahAra kA yuktIkaraNa karatA hai, jaise jaba eka vizvavidyAlaya ke praoNphesara se yaha pUchA jAtA hai ki ve apanI yogyatA ke AdhAra para eka I.A.S. Aphisara kyoM nahIM bne| isa prazna ke uttara meM prophesara mahodaya yaha kahate haiM ki unheM Aphisara bananA pasaMda hI nahIM thA, taba unakA aisA yuktIkaraNa apanI pasaMda va nApasaMda ke AdhAra para kahA jAtA hai| (ii) dvitIya prakAra ke yuktIkaraNa ke aMtargata vyakti apanI viphalatA ke lie bAhya paristhitiyoM kI kaThoratA va krUratA ko doSI ThaharAtA hai| ina do mukhya rUpoM ke atirikta, vyakti kI pratikriyA ke AdhAra para bhI yuktIkaraNa ke do aura anya rUpa hote haiM-(i) aMgUra khaTTe haiM - isake anusAra jaba eka vyakti ko manapasaMda lakSya kI prApti nahIM hotI, taba vaha usameM aneka doSa nikAlakara apane aham kI rakSA karatA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM lomar3I va mIThe aMgaloM kI kahAnI ati lokapriya hai| jaMgala meM eka U~ce sthAna para eka lomar3I sundara, pake va mIThe aMgUroM ke gucche laTakate dekhatI hai, lomar3I kA mana aMgUroM ko pAne ke lie ati lAlayita matttti{ 24 mini For Private Personal Use Only
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________________ -yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha ho uThatA hai aura usake lie vaha aMgUroM ke gucchoM ko Upara kI ora kUda-kUdakara pakar3ane kA prayAsa karane lagatI hai, paraMtu bAra-bAra prayAsa karane para bhI jaba vaha aMgUra ke gucche taka nahIM pahu~ca pAtI, taba vaha ati nirAza hokara vahA~ se cala detI hai| isI bIca jaba vahA~ per3a para baiThA kauA, lomar3I se pUchatA hai ki usane aMgUroM ko kyoM chor3a diyA taba lomar3I kA yaha kahanA hai ki aMgUra khaTTe the, isa lie unakA pAnA tathA khAnA pasaMda nahIM kiyA / yahA~ lomar3I dvArA prastuta yaha tarka spaSTataH kitanA UparI tathA chichalA hai, isako saralatApUrvaka samajhA jA sakatA hai| isI kahAnI ke saMdarbha meM jaba vyakti apane mana pasaMda lakSya ke prApta na hone para apane aneka tarka prastuta karate dekhA jA sakatA hai, taba aise yuktIkaraNa ko aMgUra khaTTe haiM, kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai| - (ii) nIbU mIThA hotA hai - vAstava meM, nIbU khaTTA hotA hai, paraMtu vyakti ke pAsa isake atirikta jaba koI anya vikalpa nahIM hotA, taba vaha vivaza hokara khaTTe nIbU ko hI mIThA kahane lagatA hai| aise hI jaba nirdhana vyakti apanI sUkhI roTI meM hI asalI svAda kI bAteM karatA hai, aura apanI jhoMpar3I meM sukha aura zAMti kA adhika guNagAna karate dekhA jAtA hai, tathA sAre jIvana ko hI ucca zreNI kA siddha karate dekhA jAtA hai, taba usake aise yuktIkaraNa kA svarUpa nIbU mIThA hotA hai, ke yuktIkaraNa ke samarUpa hI hotA hai| Adhunika sandarbha meM jainadharma hI mila pAtA hai aura vyakti kA dRSTikoNa avAstavika ho jAtA hai| ataH vyakti ko cAhie ki vaha sadaiva vAstavikatA ko mahattva de aura AvazyakatAnusAra apane vyavahAra meM sudhAra kare / - isa prakAra spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yuktIkaraNa kI rakSAyukti kA vyakti ke jIvana meM samAyojana ke prakrama meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahatA hai| isase vyakti jIvana kI aneka kaThoratAoM va kaTutAoM ko sahanazIla banA letA hai va vyartha kI antardvandva se mukta hone kA prayAsa karatA hai aura antatogatvA apane aham va sAmAjika pratiSThA ko banAe rakhane meM saphala rahatA hai| 5. visthApana ( Displacement ) visthApana vaha mAnasika viracanA hai jisake dvArA vyakti ko dvandva ko niyaMtrita yA kama karane meM sahAyatA milatI hai tathA isake sAtha-sAtha preraka yA icchA kI kisI na kisI rUpa meM pUrti bhI hotI hai / hilagArDa (1975) ke kahane ke anusAra visthApana kI dazA meM ciMtA, dvandva tathA anya tanAvaparaka dazAoM meM saMtulana sthApita karane meM sahAyatA milatI hai| isa prasaMga meM yaha bhI dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki mAnasika viracanAoM se samasyAoM kA asthAI samAdhAna 6. bauddhikakaraNa (Inlellectualization) - mAnasika viracanA kA yaha vaha prakrama hai jisake pariNAmasvarUpa vyakti duHkhada, bhayapUrNa yA kaSTakara paristhitiyoM ke prati vimukhatA yA taTasthatA kI bhAvanA vikasita karatA hai, tAki usakA vyavahAra yA kArya saMbaMdhita saMvegAtmaka dazAoM se prabhAvita na ho ske| DAkTaroM meM isa viracanA ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| ve cIr3aphAr3a karate samaya rogiyoM ko kaSTa meM dekhakara bhI kaSTa kA cetana anubhava nahIM karate haiM unake lie aisA karanA bhI Avazyaka hai, kyoMki yadi ve bhI bhAvuka ho jAe~ to zalyakriyA meM bAdhA par3a sakatI hai (Mahi 1971, Coleman 1975) / bauddhikakaraNa kI rakSAyukti kA eka dUsarA rUpa usa sthiti meM bhI dekhane meM AtA hai, jaba vyakti do virodhI tathA asaMgata mUlyoM kA bauddhika stara para yuktIkaraNa prastuta karate dekhA jAtA hai| aisI rakSAyukti prAyaH usa sthiti meM bhI dekhane meM AtI hai, jabaki eka vyApArI bhraSTa DhaMga se dhana kamAkara usameM se kucha aMza maMdira ke nirmANa ke lie dAna kara detA hai / aisI rakSAyukti se vyakti bhraSTa DhaMga se dhana kamAne ke lie apanI aMtarAtmA kI dhikkAra se bacane kA kuzala prayAsa karate dekhA jAtA hai, tathA isase apane aham kI surakSA karate dekhA jAtA hai| 7. kSatipUrti - yadi koI vyakti kisI lakSya ko prApta karane meM asaphala ho jAtA hai to usameM hIna bhAvanA vikasita ho jAtI hai aura usakI kSatipUrti karane ke lie kisI anya lakSya ko prApta karake saMtuSTi cAhatA hai| raca, 1969 ke matAnusAra, kSatipUrti eka aisA prayAsa hai, jisameM kisI kamI yA avAMchita vizeSatA ko chipAkara vAMchita guNoM ke vikAsa para bala diyA jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha, zArIrika sauMdarya meM kamI hone para vyakti eka acchA vArtAkAra banakara sAmAjika prazaMsA arjita kara sakatA hai paraMtu asurakSA evaM hInatA kI bhAvanA atyadhika ho jAne para vyakti kSatipUrti meM asaphala ho jAtA hai| 8. tadAtmIkaraNa (Identification) phrAyaDa, 1944 ne samAyojana sthApita karane meM tadAtmIkaraNa kA vizeSa mahattva batalAyA hai| isa mAnasika viracanA ke AdhAra para vyakti kisI tt[ 26 JGGm Surpr For Private Personal Use Only -
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - Adhunika sandarbha meM jainadharmaAdarza kI vizeSatAoM ke anurUpa apane aMdara vizeSatAe~ atirikta anukaraNa adhikAMzataH eka cetana kriyA hotI hai, jabaki vikasita karane kA prayAsa karatA hai, jaise bacce apane mAtA- tadAtmIkaraNa kA rUpa prAyaH acetana prakriyA kA hotA hai| pitA yA anya sadasyoM ke vyavahAroM kI nakala karake unake jaisA vistRta rUpa se tadAtmIkaraNa kI rakSAyakti na kevala vyavahAra karane kA prayAsa karate haiN| Ajakala yuvaka evaM yuvatiyA~ vyaktitva ke aham ke vistAra tathA rakSA meM hI sahAyaka hotI hai, philmI kalAkAroM ke hAvabhAvoM kI nakala karate dekhe jA rahe haiN| balki vyakti kI damita prabala icchAoM kI pUrti kA sAdhana bhI isI prakAra vibhinna daloM ke kAryakartA apane daloM ke adhyakSoM hotI hai| udAharaNArtha jaba eka vidyArthI meM eka prasiddha DAkTara jaisA vyavahAra karate dekhe jAte haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki tadAtmIkaraNa athavA prazAsanika adhikArI banane kI icchA rahatI hai, paraMta apanI kamajorI chipAne kA eka taraha kA prayAsa hai kabhI-kabhI kucha kAraNavaza usakI ye icchAe~ usa samaya pUrI nahIM hone pAtIM, vyakti saMbhAvita kaSTa se bacane ke lie usa vyakti ke anusAra sa vyAkta ke anusAra taba vaha apanI ina damita icchAoM kI saMtuSTi bar3e hokara eka kArya karane lagatA hai jo use kaSTa pahu~cAne meM sakSama hai Bettetheim pitA ke rUpa meM apane eka laDake ko DAkTara tathA dasare ko 1943 / yahA~ tadAtmIkaraNa kA rUpa eka prakAra se anukaraNa kA prazasAnika adhikArI banAne meM dekhane meM AtI hai| aise hI eka hI hotA hai| ataH yahA~ anukaraNa tathA tadAtmIkaraNa ke aMtara vyakti svayaM azikSita rahane para apanI santAna ko ucca stara ko spaSTa karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| kI zikSA-dIkSA dekara apane vyaktitva kI zikSA ke damita anukaraNa tathA tadAtmIkaraNa meM aMtara . abhAva kI pUrti meM tadAtmIkaraNa kI rakSAyukti hI apanAte dekhA jAtA hai| ___ anukaraNa kA rUpa prAyaH sthUla va bhautika hotA hai, jaise jaba eka bAlaka anya bAlakoM ko tAlI bajAte dekhakara svayaM 9. udAttIkaraNa-udAttIkaraNa se tAtparya usa mAnasika bhI tAlI bajAne lagatA hai. taba vyavahAra kA aisA rUpa anakaraNa viracanA se hai, jisake dvArA vyakti kisI lakSya ko prApta karane kahalAtA hai, paraMtu jaba bAlaka yA vyakti apanA vyavahAra kisI meM asaphala hone para kisI dUsare lakSya kA cayana karake apanI pratiSThita vyakti ke vyavahAra ke anukUla usa jaisI pratiSThA, prabhAva icchA pUti icchA pUrti karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| yadyapi navIna lakSya se use va sammAna pAne ke lie karatA hai, taba usake vyavahAra meM utanI saMtuSTi nahIM milatI hai jitanI kI mUla lakSya se saMbhAvita tadAtmIkaraNa kI manoracanA dekhane meM AtI hai| dUsare, anukaraNa .. thI phira bhI aisA karane se usakI samasyA kA samAdhAna ho jAtA kI prakriyA meM uddIpaka viSaya-vastu yA ghaTanA kA honA eka hai aura samAyojana sthApita karane meM bhI sahAyatA milatI hai| prakAra se Avazyaka hotA hai, jabaki tadAtmIkaraNa ke lie vyakti jaise AkrAmakatA ke sthAna para pahalavAnI, mukkebAjI yA khelakUda ke sammukha saMbaMdhita vyakti kI upasthiti prAyaH itanI Avazyaka meM bhAga lenaa| isase milatI-julatI eka aura viracanA hai jise nahIM hotii| tIsare, anukaraNa eka sarala, zArIrika kriyA hai. jabaki pratisthApana kahate haiM isameM bhI vyakti mUla lakSya kI jagaha nayA tadAtmIkaraNa eka apekSAkRta jaTila mAnasika kriyA hai. isake lakSya cunakara apanA kAma calAtA hai| Doordaroridrioridroiwomarwaridwardridrodaridrod- 2760AGribraridroidriomorrowinidroidroid-ideatheditorar