Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ darzana zabdakA vizeSArtha / darzana zabdake tIna artha sabhI paramparAoMmeM prasiddha haiM, jaise--ghaTadarzana ityAdi vyavahArameM cAkSuSa jJAna arthameM, Atmadarzana ityAdi vyavahArameM sAkSAtkAra arthameM aura nyAya-darzana, sAMkhya-darzana ityAdi vyavahArameM khAsa-khAsa paramparAsammata nizcita vicArasaraNI arthameM darzana zabdakA prayoga sarvasammata hai para usake anya do artha jo jaina paramparAmeM prasiddha haiM ve anya paramparAtroMmeM prasiddha nhiiN| unameMse eka artha to hai zraddhAna aura dUsarA artha hai sAmAnyabodha yA Alocana mAtra / jainazAstroM meM tattvazraddhAko darzana padase vyavahata kiyA jAtA hai, jaise-'taravArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam'-tatvArtha0 1.2 / isI taraha vastuke nirvizeSasattAmAtrake bodhako bhI darzana kahA jAtA hai jaise'viSaya-viSayisannipAtAnantarasamudbhUtasattAmAtragocaradarzanAt'-pramANana0 2. 7 / darzana zabdake ukta pA~ca arthoM meM se antima sAmAnyabodharUpa artha lekara hI yahA~ vicAra prastuta hai| isake sambandhameM yahA~ chaH muddoMpara kucha vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| 1. astitva-jisa bodhameM vastukA nirvizeSaNa svarUpamAtra bhAsita ho aise bodhakA astitva eka yA dUsare nAmase tIna paramparAoMke sivAya sabhI paramparAe~ svIkAra karatI haiN| jainaparamparA jise darzana kahatI hai usI sAmAnyamAtra bodhako (1) darzana zabdakA aAlocana zrartha, jisakA dUsarA nAma anAkAra upayoga bhI hai, yahA~ kahA gayA hai so zvetAmbara digambara donoM paramparAkI ati prasiddha mAnyatAko lekara / vastutaH donoM paramparAoMmeM anAkAra upayogake sivAya anya artha bhI darzana zabdake dekhe jAte haiN| udAharaNArtha-liGgake binA hI sAkSAt hAnevAlA bodha anAkAra yA darzana hai aura liGgasApeca boSa sAkAra yA jJAna hai yaha eka mata ! dUsarA mata aisA bhI hai ki vartamAnamAtramAhI bodha-darzana aura traikAlikagrAhI bodha-jJAna-tasvArthabhA. TI. 2. / / digambarIya dhavalA TIkAkA aisA bhI mata hai ki jo zrAtma-mAtrakA avalokana vaha darzana aura jo bApa arthakA prakAza vaha jJAna / yaha mata vRhadravyasaMgrahaTIkA (gA0 44 ) tathA laghIyatrayIkI abhayacandrakRta (1.5) meM nirdiSTa hai|
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1 nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga tathA pUrvottaramImAMsaka nirvikalpaka aura bAlocana - mAtra kahate haiM / bauddha paramparAmeM bhI usakA nirvikalpaka nAma prasiddha hai / ukta sabhI darzana aisA mAnate haiM ki jJAnavyApArake utpattikrama meM sarvaprathama aise bodhakA sthAna anivAryarUpase AtA hai jo grAhya viSaya ke sanmAna svarUpako grahaNa kare para jisameM koI zraMza vizeSyavizeSarUpase bhAsita na ho / phira bhI madhva aura vallabhakI do vedAnta paramparAe~ aura tIsarI bhartRhari aura usake pUrvavartI zAbdika kI paramparA jJAnavyApAra ke utpattikrama meM kisI bhI prakAra ke sAmAnyamAtra bodhakA astitva svIkAra nahIM karatI / ukta tIna paramparAoMkA mantavya hai ki aisA bodha koI ho hI nahIM sakatA jisameM koI na koI vizeSa bhASita na ho yA jisameM kisI bhI prakArakA vizeSya- vizeSaNa saMbandha bhAsita na ho / unakA kahanA hai ki prAthamikadazApanna jJAna bhI kisI na kisI vizeSa ko, cAhe vaha vizeSa sthUla hI kyoM na ho, prakAzita karatA hI hai ataeva jJAnamAtra savikalpaka haiM / nirvikalpakakA matalaba itanA hI samajhanA cAhie ki usameM itara jJAnoMkI apekSA vizeSa kama bhAsita hote haiM / jJAnamAtrako savikalpaka mAnanevAlI ukta tIna paramparAoM meM bhI zAbdika paramparA hI prAcIna hai / sambhava hai bhartRharikI usa paramparAko hI madhva aura vallabhane apanAyA ho / 2. laukikAlaukikatA -- nirvikalpakA astitva mAnanevAlI sabhI dArzanika paramparAe~ laukika nirvikalpa arthAt indriyasannikarSajanya nirvikalpako to mAnatI haiM hI para yahA~ prazna hai alaukika nirvikalpa ke astitva kA / jaina zraura bauddha donoM paramparAe~ aise bhI nirvikalpakako mAnatI haiM jo indriyasannikarSake sivAya bhI yoga yA viziSTAtmazakti se utpanna hotA hai / bauddha paramparA meM aisA alokika nirvikalpaka yogisaMvedanake nAmase prasiddha hai jaba ki jaina paramparA meM avadhidarzana aura kevaladarzana ke nAma se prasiddha hai / nyAya[-vaizeSika, sAMkhyayoga aura pUrvottaramImAMsaka vividha kakSAvAle yogiyoMkA tathA unake yogajanya alaukika jJAnakA astitva svIkAra karate haiM ataeva unake matAnusAra bhI alaukika nirvikalpakA astitva mAna lene meM kucha bAdhaka jAna nahIM par3atA / agara yaha dhAraNA ThIka hai to kahanA hogA ki sabhI nirvikalpakA stitvavAdI. savikalpaka jJAnakI taraha nirvikalpaka jJAnako bhI laukika - zralaukika rUpase do prakAra kA mAnate haiM / 1. Indian Psychology: Perception. P. 52-54
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hara 3. viSayasvarUpa sabhI nirvikalpakavAdI sattAmAtrako nirvikalpakA viSaya mAnate haiM para sattAke svarUpake bAremeM sabhI eka mata nahIM / ataeva nirvikalpaka ke grAhyaviSayakA svarUpa bhI bhinna-bhinna darzana ke anusAra judA-judA hI phalita hotA hai / bauddha paramparA ke anusAra arthakriyAkAritva hI satya hai aura vaha bhI kSaNika vyaktimAtra meM hI paryavasita hai jaba ki zaMkara vedAnta ke anusAra akhaNDa aura sarvavyApaka brahma hI sattvasvarUpa hai, jo na dezabaddha hai na kAlabaddha / nyAya vaizeSika aura pUrva mImAMsakake anusAra astitvamAtra sattA hai yA jAtirUpa sattA hai jo bauddha aura vedAntasammata sattAse bhinna hai / sAMkhya-yoga aura jainaparamparA meM sattA na to kSaNika vyakti mAtra niyata hai, na brahmasvarUpa hai aura na jAti rUpa hai / ukta tInoM paramparAe~ pariNAminityatvavAdI hone ke kAraNa unake matAnusAra utpAda vyaya - zrIvyasvarUpa hI sattA phalita hotI hai / jo kucha ho, para itanA to nirvivAda hai ki sabhI nirvikalpakavAdI nirvikalpakake mAhya viSaya rUpase sanmAtrakA hI pratipAdana karate haiM / 4. mAtra pratyakSarUpa koI jJAna parokSarUpa bhI hotA haiM aura pratyakSarUpa bhI jaise savikalpaka jJAna, para nirvikalpaka jJAna to sabhI nirvikalpakavAdiyoM ke dvArA kevala pratyakSa-rUpa mAnA gayA hai| koI usakI parokSatA nahIM mAnatA, kyoMki nirvikalpaka, cAhe laukika ho yA alaukika, para usakI utpatti kisI jJAna se vyavahita na honeke kAraNa vaha sAkSAt rUpa honese pratyakSa hI hai | parantu jaina paramparA ke anusAra darzanakI gaNanA parokSameM bhI kI jAnI cAhie, kyoMki tArkika paribhASA ke anusAra parokSa matijJAnako sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai ataeva tadanusAra mati upayoga ke krama meM sarvaprathama avazya honevAle darzana nAmaka bodhako bhI sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahA jA sakatA hai para zrAgamika prAcIna vibhAga, jisameM pAramArthika-sAMvyavahArikarUpase pratyakSa ke bhedoM ko sthAna nahIM hai, tadanusAra to matijJAna parokSa mAtra hI mAnA jAtA hai jaisA ki tattvArthasUtra (1.11 ) meM dekhA jAtA hai / tadanusAra jainaparamparAmeM indriyajanya darzana parokSarUpa hI hai pratyakSarUpa nahIM / sArAMza yaha ki jaina paramparAmeM tArkika paribhASAke anusAra darzana pratyakSa bhI hai aura parokSa bhI / avadhi aura kevala rUpa darzana to mAtra pratyakSarUpa hI haiM jaba ki indriyajanya darzana parokSarUpa hone para bhI sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa mAnA jAtA hai| parantu zrAgamika paripATIke anusAra indriyajanya darzana kevala parokSa ho hai aura indriyanirapekSa zravadhyAdi darzana kevala pratyakSa hI haiM t 5. utpAdaka sAmagrI -- laukika nirvikalpaka jo jaina tArkika paramparA ke -- -
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ nusAra sAMvyavahArika darzana hai usakI utpAdaka sAmagrI meM viSayendriyasannipAta aura yathAsambhava lokAdi sanniviSTa haiN| para alaukika nirvikalpa jo jainaparamparAke anusAra pAramArthika darzana hai usakI utpatti indriyasannikarSa ke sivAya kevala viziSTa Atmazaktise mAnI gaI hai / utpAdaka sAmagrI ke viSaya meM jaina aura jainetara paramparAe~ koI matabheda nahIM rakhatIM / phira bhI isa viSaya meM zAGkara vedAntakA mantavya judA hai jo dhyAna dene yogya hai / vaha mAnatA hai ki 'tatvamasi' ityAdi mahAvAkyajanya akhaNDa brahmabodha bhI nirvikalpaka hai / isake anusAra nirvikalpakakA utpAdaka zabda Adi bhI huA jo anya paramparA - sammata nahIM / 75 6. prAmANya - nirvikalpake prAmANya ke sambandhameM jainetara paramparAe~ bhI ekamata nahIM / bauddha aura vedAnta darzana to nirvikalpakako hI pramANa mAnate haiM itanA hI nahIM balki unake matAnusAra nirvikalpaka hI mukhya va pAramArthika pramANa hai / nyAya-vaizeSika darzanameM nirvikalpaka ke pramAtva saMbandhameM ekavidha kalpanA nahIM hai / prAcIna paramparA ke anusAra nirvikalpaka pramArUpa mAnA jAtA hai jaisA ki zrIdharane spaSTa kiyA hai ( kandalI pR0 168 ) aura vizvanAthane bhI bhramabhinnatvarUpa prabhAva mAnakara nirvikalpakako pramA kahA hai ( kArikAvalI kA0 134 ) parantu ganezakI navya paramparA ke anusAra nirvikalpaka na pramA hai aura na pramA / tadanusAra pramAkha kiMvA apramAtva prakAratAdighaTita honese, nirvikalpa jo prakAratAdizUnya hai vaha pramA- zrapramA ubhaya vilakSaNa hai - kArikAvalI kA0 135 / pUrvamImAMsaka aura sAMkhya yogadarzana sAmAnyataH aise viSayoMmeM nyAya-vaizeSikAnusArI honese unake matAnusAra bhI nirvikalpaka ke pramAvikI ve hI kalpanAe~ mAnI jAnI cAhie~ jo nyAyavaizeSika paramparA meM sthira huI haiN| isa sambandha meM jaina paramparAkA mantavya yahA~ vizeSa rUpase varNana karane yogya hai / jainaparamparA meM prabhAva kiMvA prAmANyakA prazna usameM tarkayuga zrAneke bAdakA hai, pahilekA nahIM / pahile to usameM mAtra zrAgamika dRSTi thI / zrAgamika dRSTike anusAra darzanopayogako pramANa kiMvA zrapramANa kahanekA prazna hI na thA / usa dRSTi anusAra darzana ho yA jJAna, yA to vaha samyaka ho sakatA hai yA mithyA | usakA samyakva aura mithyAtva bhI zrAdhyAtmika bhAvAnusArI hI mAnA jAtA thA | agara koI AtmA kamase kama caturtha guNasthAnakA adhikArI ho arthAt vaha samyakprApta ho to usakA sAmAnya yA vizeSa koI bhI upayoga mokSamArgarUpa tathA samyagrUpa mAnA jAtA hai / tadanusAra zrAgamika dRSTise samyaktvayuktaM zrAtmA
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ kA darzanopayoga samyakdarzana hai aura mithyASTiyukta prAramAkA darzanopayoga mithyAdarzana hai / vyavahArameM mithyA, bhrama yA vyabhicArI samajhA jAnevAlA bhI darzana agara samyaktvadhAri-Atmagata hai to vaha samyagdarzana hI hai jaba ki sasya abhrama aura abAdhita samajhA jAnevAlA bhI darzanopayoga agara mithyAdRSTiyukta hai to vaha mithyAdarzana hI hai / ... darzanake samyaktva tathA mithyAtvakA Agamika dRSTi se jo zrApekSika varNana Upara kiyA gayA hai vaha sanmatiTIkAkAra abhayadevane darzanako bhI pramANa kahA hai isa zrAdhArapara samajhanA caahie| tathA upAdhyAya * yazovijayajIne saMzaya Adi jJAnoMko bhI samyakadRSTiyukta honepara samyak kahA hai-isa aAdhArapara samajhanA cAhie / zrAgamika prAcIna aura zvetAmbara-digambara ubhaya sAdhAraNa paramparA to aisA nahIM mAnatI, kyoki donoM paramparAaoMke anusAra catu, acakSu, aura avadhi tInoM darzana darzana hI mAne gaye haiN| unameM se na koI samyak yA na koI mithyA aura na koI samyak mithyA ubhayavidha mAnA gayA hai jaisA ki meti-zruta avadhi zAna samyak aura mithyA rUpase vibhAjita haiN| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki darzana upayoga mAtra nirAkAra honese usameM samyagdRSTi kiMvA mithyAdRSTiprayukta antarakI kalpanA kI nahIM jA sakatI / darzana cAhe cakSu ho, zracakSu ho yA avadhi-vaha darzana mAtra hai / use na samyagdarzana kahanA cAhie aura na mithyAdarzana | yahI kAraNa hai ki pahile guNasthAnameM bhI ve darzana hI mAne gara haiM jaisA ki cauthe guNasthAnameM / yaha vastu gandhahasti siddhasenane sUcita bhI kI hai--"atra ca yathA sAkArAddhAyAM samyamizyAdRSTyorvizeSaH, naivamasti darzane, anAkArave dvayorapi tulyasvAdityarthaH"- tattvArthabhA0 TI 2.6 / yaha huI zrAgamika dRSTikI bAta jisake anusAra umAsvAtine upayogameM samyaktva-asamyaktvakA nidarzana kiyA hai| para jainaparamparAmeM tarkayuga dAkhila hote hI pramAva-apramAtva yA prAmANya-aprAmANyakA prazna aAyA / aura usakA vicAra bhI zrAdhyAtmika bhAvAnusArI na hokara viSayAnusArI kiyA jAne lagA jaisA ki jainetara darzanoMmeM tArkika vidvAn kara rahe the| isa tArkika dRSTi ke anusAra jainaparamparA darzanako pramANa mAnatI hai, apramANa mAnatI hai, ubhayarUpa mAnatI hai yA ubhayabhinna mAnatI hai ? yaha prazna yahA~ prastuta hai / 1-"samyagdRSTisambandhinAM saMzayAdInAmapi jJAnatvasya mahAbhASyakRtA paribhASitatvAt'-zAnabindu pR0 136 B. nandI sU0 41 /
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ tArkikadRSTike anusAra bhI jainaparamparAmeM darzanake pramAtva yA apramAtvake bAremeM koI ekavAkyatA nahIM / sAmAnyarUpase zvetAmbara ho yA digambara sabhI tArkika darzana ko pramANa koTise bAhara hI rakhate haiN| kyoMki ve sabhI bauddha. sammata nirvikalpakake pramAtva kA khaNDana karate haiM aura apane-apane pramANa lakSaNameM vizeSopayogabodhaka jJAna, nirNaya zrAdi pada dAkhila karake sAmAnya upayogarUpa darzana ko pramANalakSaNakA alakSya hI mAnate haiM / isa taraha darzanako pramANa na mAnanekI tArkika paramparA zvetAmbara-digambara sabhI granthoM meM sAdhAraNa hai / mANikyanandI aura vAdI devasUrine to darzanako na kevala pramANabAhya hI rakhA hai balki use pramANAbhAsa (parI06. 2 / pramANana0 6. 24, 25) bhI kahA hai| ___ sanmatiTIkAkAra abhayadevane ( sanmatiTI0 pR0 457) darzanako pramANa kahA hai para vaha kathana tArkikahASTise na samajhanA caahie| kyoMki unhoMne zrAgamAnusArI sanmatikI vyAkhyA karate samaya aAgamadRSTi hI lakSyameM rakhakara darzanako samyagdarzana arthameM pramANa kahA hai, na ki tArkikadRSThise viSayAnusArI pramANa / yaha viveka unake usa sandarbhase ho jAtA hai| alabattA upAdhyAya yazovijayajIke darzanasambandhI prAmANya-aprAmANya vicArameM kucha virodha sA jAna par3atA hai| eka ora ve darzanako vyaJjanAvagrahaanantarabhAvI naizcayika avagraharUpa batalAte haiM / jo mativyApAra hone ke kAraNa pramANa koTimeM A sakatA hai| aura dUsarI ora ve vAdIdevasUrike pramANalakSaNavAle sUtrakI vyAkhyAmeM jJAnapadakA prayojana batalAte hue darzanako pramANakoTise bahirbhUta batalAte haiM (tarkabhASA pR0 1 / ) isa taraha unake kathanameM jahA~ eka ora darzana bilakula pramANa bahibhUta hai vahA~ dUsarI ora avagraha rUpa honese pramANakoTimeM Ane yogya bhI hai / parantu jAna par3atA hai unakA tAtparya kucha aura hai| aura sambhavataH vaha tAtparya yaha hai ki matyaMza honepara bhI naizcayika avagraha pravRtti-nivRttivyavahArakSama na honeke kAraNa pramANarUpa ginA hI na jAnA caahie| isI abhiprAyase unhoMne darzanako pramANakoTibahibhUta bahalAyA hai aisA mAna lenese phira koI virodha nahIM rahatA / AcArya hemacandrane pramANamImAMsAmeM darzanase saMbandha rakhanevAle vicAra tIna 1 lagho parI 1.3 / prameyaka* pR08| pramANana* 1.2 2 tarkabhASA pR0 5 / zAna bindu pR.138 /
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ agaha prasaGgavaza pragaTa kie haiN| avagrahakA svarUpa darzAte hue unhoMne kahA ki darzana jo avikalpaka hai vaha avagraha nahIM, avagrahakA pariNAmI kAraNa avazya hai aura vaha indriyArtha saMbandhake bAda para avagrahake pUrva utpanna hotA hai-1.1.26-- bauddhasammata nirvikalpaka jJAnako apramANa batalAte hue unhoMne kahA hai ki vaha anadhyavasAya rUpa honese pramANa nahIM, adhyavasAya yA nirNaya hI pramANa ginA jAnA cAhiye-1.1.6 / unhoMne nirNayakA artha batalAte hue kahA hai ki anadhyavasAyase bhinna tathA avikalpaka evaM saMzayase bhinna jJAna hI nirNaya haipR03.paM01 / AcAryake ukta sabhI kathanoMse phalita yahI hotA hai ki ve jainaparamparAprasiddha darzana aura bauddhaparamarAprasiddha nirvikalpakako eka hI mAnate haiM aura darzanako anirNaya rUpa honese pramANa nahIM mAnate tathA unakA yaha apramANatva kathana bhI tArkika dRSTi se hai, Agama dRSTise nahIM, jaisA ki abhayadevabhinna sabhI jaina tArkika mAnate Ae haiN| ___ zrA. hemacandrokta avagrahakA pariNAmikAraNarUpa darzana hI upAdhyAyajIkA naizcayika avagraha samajhanA cAhie / I0 1636 1 [pramANamImAMsA