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________________ dakSiNa meM jana-Ayurveda (prANAvAya) kI paramparA tIrthakaroM kI vANI kA saMgraha-saMkalana kara jaina AgamoM kI racanA kI gii| inake 12 bhAga haiM, jinheM 'dvAdazAMga' kahate haiN| ina bAraha aMgoM meM aMtima bhAga 'dRSTivAda' kahalAtA hai| DaoN0 rAjendra prakAza bhaTanAgara 'dRSTivAda' ke pAMca bheda haiM-1 pUrvagata 2 suSa, 3 prathamAnuyoga, 4 parikarma, aura 5 cUlikA 'pUrva' caudaha haiN| inameM se bArahaveM 'pUrva' kA nAma 'prANAvAya' hai isa 'pUrva' meM manuSya ke Abhyantara arthAt mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika tathA bAhya arthAt zArIrika svAsthya ke upAyoM, jaise - yama, niyama, AhAra, vihAra aura auSadhiyoM kA vivecana hai| sAtha hI, isameM daivika, bhautika, Adhibhautika, janapadodhvaMsI rogoM kI cikitsA kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| digambara AcArya akalaMkadeva (va zatI) ke tatvArthavAtika' (rAjavAtika) meM prANAvAya' kI paribhASA batAte hue kahA gayA hai--'kAyacikitsAdyaSTAMga AyurvedaH bhUtikarma jAMguniprakramaH prANApAna vibhAgo'pi yatra vistareNa varNitastat prANAvAyam / " ( 0 1 sU020 ) - jisameM kAryAcakitsA Adi ATha aMgoM ke rUpa meM saMpUrNa Ayurveda, bhUtazAMti ke upAya, vivacikitsA aura prANa apAna Adi vAyuoM ke zarIra dhAraNa kI dRSTi se vibhAga ( yogakriyAeM) kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, use 'prANavAya' kahate haiM / umAditya kRta 'kalyANakAraka' dakSiNa ke jainAcAryoM dvArA racita 'Ayurveda' yA 'prANAvAya' ke upalabdha granthoM meM ugrAditya kA 'kalyANakAraka' sabase prAcIna, mukhya aura mahatvapUrNa hai / ' prANAvAya kI prAcIna jaina- paramparA kA digdarzana hameM ekamAtra isI grantha se prApta hotA hai| yahI nahIM, isakA anya dRSTi se bhI bahuta mahatva hai| IsavI 8vIM zatAbdI meM pracalita cikitsA prayogoM aura rasauSadhiyoM se bhinna aura sarvathA navIna prayoga hameM isa grantha meM dekhane ko milate haiM / sabase pahale 1922 meM narasiMhAcArya ne apanI purAtatva saMbaMdhI riporTa meM isa grantha ke mahatva aura viSayavastu ke vaiziSTya para nimnAMkita paMktiyoM meM prakAza DAlA thA, taba se aba taka isa para paryApta UhApoha kiyA gayA hai / "Another manuscript of some intest is the medical work 'KALYNAKARAKA of Ugraditya, a Jaina author, who was a contemporary of the Rastrakuta king Amoghavarsha I and of the Eastern Chalukya king kali Vishnuvardhan V. The work opens with the statement that the science of Medicine is divided into two parts, namely prevention and cure, and gives at the end a long discourse in Sanskrit prose on the uselessness of a flesh diet, said to have been delivered by the author at the court of Amoghvarsha, where many learned men and doctors had assembled." (Mysore Archaeological Report, 1922, page 23) arthAt --'anya mahatvapUrNa hastalikhita grantha, ugrAditya kA cikitsAzAstra para 'kalyANakAraka' nAmaka racanA hai| yaha vidvAna jaina lekhaka aura rASTrakUTa rAjA amoghavarSa prathama tathA pUrvI cAlukya rAjA kalI viSNuvardhana paMcama kA samakAlIna thA paMtha ke prAraMbha meM kahA gayA hai ki cikitsAvijJAna do bhAgoM meM baMTA huA hai-jinake nAma hai 'pratibaMdhaka cikitsA' aura 'pratikArAtmaka cikitsaa'| tathA, isa graMtha ke aMta meM saMskRta gadya meM mAMsAhAra kI nirarthakatA saMbaMdha meM vistRta saMbhASaNa diyA gayA hai, jo batAyA jAtA hai ki amoghavarSa kI rAjasabhA meM lekhaka ne prastuta kiyA thA, jahAM para aneka vidvAna aura cikitsaka ekatrita the / 1. 'kalyANakAraka' graMtha kA prakAzana solApura se seTha goviMdajI rAvajI dozI ne san 1940 meM kiyA hai| isameM mUla saMskRta pATha ke pratirikta paM0 baddhaM mAna pArzvanAtha zAstrI kRta hindI manuvAda bhI prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| isake saMpAdana hetu cAra hastanicita pratiyoM kI sahAyatA lI gayI hai / jaina prAcya vidhAeM 183
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________________ pranthakAra-paricaya-grantha 'kalyANakAraka' meM kartA kA nAma ugrAditya diyA huA hai| unake mAtA-pitA aura mUla nivAsa Adi kA koI paricaya prApta nahIM hotA / parigrahatyAga karane vAle jaina sAdhu ke lie apane vaMza-paricaya ko dene kA vizeSa Agraha aura AvazyakatA bhI pratIta nahIM hotii| hA~, guru kA aura apane vidyApITha kA paricaya vistAra se ugrAditya ne likhA hai / guru-ugrAditya ne apane guru kA nAma zrInandi batAyA hai / vaha sampUrNa AyurvedazAstra (prANAvAya) ke jJAtA the| unase ugrAditya ne prANAvAya meM vaNita doSoM, doSaja ugrarogoM aura unakI cikitsA Adi kA saba prakAra se jJAna prApta kara isa grantha (kalyANakAraka) meM pratipAdana kiyA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki zrInandi usa kAla meM 'prANAvAya' ke mahAn vidvAn aura prasiddha AcArya the| zrInandi ko 'viSNurAja' nAmaka rAjA dvArA vizeSa rUpa se sammAna prApta thaa| kalyANakAraka meM likhA hai "mahArAjA viSNurAja ke mukuTa kI mAlA se jinake caraNayugala zobhita haiM arthAt jinake caraNa kamala meM viSNurAja namaskAra karatA hai, jo sampUrNa Agama ke jJAtA haiM, prazaMsanIya guNoM se yukta haiM, muniyoM meM zreSTha haiM, aise AcArya zrInandi mere guru haiM aura unase hI merA uddhAra huA hai| unakI AjJA se nAnA prakAra ke auSadha-dAna kI siddhi ke lie (arthAt cikitsA ko saphalatA ke lie) aura sajjana vaidyoM ke vAtsalyapradarzanarUpI tapa kI pUrti ke lie, jina-mata (jainAgama) se uddhRta aura loka meM 'kalyANakAraka' ke nAma se prasiddha isa zAstra ko maiMne banAyA / " 'viSNurAja' ke lie yahA~ 'paramezvara' kA viruda likhA gayA hai / yaha paramazreSTha zAsaka kA sUcaka hai| yaha viSNurAja hI pUrvI cAlukya rAjA kali viSNuvardhana paMcama thA, jo ugrAditya kA samakAlIna thA, aisA narasiMhAcArya kA mata unake upayukta uddharaNa se spaSTa hotA hai| parantu pUrvI cAlukya rAjA kali viSNuvardhana paMcama kA zAsanakAla I0847 se 848 taka hI rahA / eka varSa kI avadhi meM kisI rAjA dvArA mahAna kArya sampAdana kara pAnA prAya: saMbhava jJAta nahIM hotaa| zrI vardhamAna zAstrI kA anumAna hai-"yaha viSNurAja amoghavarSa ke pitA goviMdarAja tRtIya kA hI apara nAma honA caahie| kAraNa maharSi jinasena ne 'pAzrvAbhyudaya' meM amoghavarSa kA paramezvara kI upAdhi se ullekha kiyA hai / ho sakatA hai ki yaha upAdhi rASTrakUToM kI paraMparAgata ho|" 1. (pa) ka.kA.pa. 21, zloka 84 'zrInaMcAcAryAdoSAgamajJAda mAtvA doSAn doSajAnugrarogAn / sabhaSajyakramaM cApi sarva prANAvAyAdhutya nItam // (bhA).kA., pa. 21, soka3 zrInaviprabhavo'khilAgamavidhi: zikSApradaH sarvadA / prANAvAyanirUpitamadhamacilaM sarvazasaMbhASitaM / sAmagrIguNatA hi siDimadhunA zAstra svayaM nAnyathA / 2. ka.kA., pa. 25, zloka 51-52 "zrI viSNurAjaparamezvara maulimAlAsaMlAlitAMghriyugalaH sakalAgama: / mAlApanIyaguNasonnata sanmunIndra: zrInaMdinaMditagurururujito'ham // tasyAjhayA vividhabheSajadAnasidhyai sabaicavatsalatapa: paripUraNArtham / zAstra kRtaM jinamatoddhRtametaddhat, kalyANakArakamiti prathitaM dharAyAm // 3. Narasinghacharya-Mysore Archaeological Report, 1922, Page 23. 4. varSamAna pArzvanAtha zAstrI, kalyANakAraka, upodghAta, pR. 42. AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNajI mahArAja abhinandana anya ,
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________________ yaha mata mAnya nahIM, kevala anumAna para AdhArita hai kyoMki pahale rASTrakUToM kA veMgi para adhikAra nahIM thaa| amoghavarSa prathama ne usa para sabase pahale adhikAra kiyA thaa| yaha viSNurAja, jo veMgi kA zAsaka thA, nizcaya hI kali viSNuvardhana aura amoghavarSa prathama se pUrvavartI viSNuvardhana caturtha nAmaka atyaMta prabhAvazAlI aura jaina matAnuyAyI pUrvI cAlukya rAjA thaa| isakA zAsanakAla I0 764 se 766 taka rhaa| DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina ne bhI yahI ullikhita kiyA hai ki viSNuvardhana catartha cAlukya rAjA ke kAla meM zrInandi sammAnita hue the| nivAsasthAna aura kAla ugrAditya kI nivAsabhUmi 'rAmagiri' thI, jahA~ unhoMne zrInandi guru se vidyAdhyayana tathA 'kalyANakAraka' graMtha kI racanA kI thii| kalyANakAraka meM likhA hai "veMgIzatrikaliMgadezajananaprastutyasAnatkaTaH prodyavakSalatAdhitAnanirata : siddhazca vidyAdharaiH / sarve maMdira kaMdaropamagahAcaityAlayAlaMkRte ramye rAmagirI mayA viracitaM zAstra hitaM praNinAm / / (ka0 kA0 pari0 20, zloka 87) / ' 'rAmagiri' kI sthiti ke viSaya meM vivAda hai| zrI nAthUrAma premI kA mata hai ki chattIsagar3ha (mahAkauzala) kSetra ke saragujA sTeTa kA rAmagaDha hI yaha rAmagiri hogaa| yahA~ guhA, maMdira aura caityAlaya haiM tathA ugrAditya ke samaya yahA~ siddha aura vidyAdhara vicaraNa karate rahe hoNge| upayukta padya meM rAmagiri ko vikaliMga pradeza kA pradhAna sthAna batAyA gayA hai| gaMgA se kaTaka taka ke pradeza ko utkala yA uttaraliMga, kaTaka se mahendragiri taka ke parvatIya bhAga ko madhya kaliMga aura mahendra giri se godAvarI taka ke sthAna ko dakSiNa kaliMga kahate the| ina tInoM kI milita saMjJA 'trikaliMga' thii| kAlidAsa dvArA varNita rAmagiri bhI yahI sthAna honA cAhie jo lakSmaNapura se 12 mIla dUra hai| padmapurANa ke anusAra yahA~ rAmacandra ne maMdira banavAye the / yahA~ parvata meM kaI guphAeM aura maMdiroM ke bhagnAvazeSa haiM / vastutaH yaha 'rAmagiri', vijagApaTTama jile meM rAmatIrtha nAmaka sthAna hai| yahA~ para 'durga paMcaguphA' kI bhitti para eka zilAlekha bhI hai| isameM kisI eka pUrvIya cAlukya rAjA ke saMbaMdha meM jAnakArI dI huI hai| yaha zilAlekha I0 1011-12 kA hai / isase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki rAmatIrtha jainadharma kA eka pavitra sthAna thA aura yahA~ aneka jaina anuyAyI rahate the| ukta zilAlekha meM 'rAmatIrtha ko 'rAmakoMDa' bhI likhA hai| paM0 kailAzacandra ke anusAra- IsavIsana kI prAraMbhika zatAbdiyoM meM rAmatIrtha bauddhadharma ke adhikAra meM thaa| yahA~ se bauddhadharma ke bahata avazeSa prApta hue haiN| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki bauddhadharma ke patanakAla meM kaise jainoM ne isa sthAna para kabjA jamAyA aura use apane dharmasthAna ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diyaa| 1. DaoN. jyotipramAda jaina : bhAratIya itihAma, eka daSTiH pRSTha 260. 2. nAtharAma premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 212. 'sthAna rAmagirigirIndrasadRza: sarvArtha siddhipradaM' (ka. kA., pa0 21, zloka 3) 3. nAthUrAma premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR. 212. 4. vahI, pR. 212. 5. paM0 kailAzacaMdra, "dakSiNa meM jainadharma" pR. 70-71. jaina prAcya vidyAe~ 185
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________________ DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina ne rAmatIrtha kI vaibhavapUrNa kahAnI ko 11vIM zatAbdI ke madhya taka svIkAra kiyA hai| "rAmatIrtha (rAmagiri) 11vIM zatAbdI ke madhya taka prasiddha evaM unnata jaina sAMskRtika kendra banA rahA jaisA ki vahAM ke eka zilAlekha se pramANita hotA hai / vimalAditya ( 1022 I0) ke bhI eka kannar3I zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki usake guru trikAla yogI siddhAntadeva tathA sambhavatayA svayaM rAjA bhI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM rAmagiri kI vandanA karane gaye the / "" ugrAditya ke kAla meM rAmagiri apane pUrNa vaibhava para thaa| usakA samakAlIna zAsaka veMga kA pUrvI cAlukya rAjA viSNuvardhana caturtha ( 764-716 I0) yA "viSNuvardhana caturtha jainadharma kA bar3A bhakta thaa| isa kAla meM vijApaTTama (vizAkhApattanam ) jile kI rAmatIrtha yA rAmakoMDa nAmaka pahAr3iyoM para eka bhArI jaina sAMskRtika kendra vidyamAna thA / trikaliMga (Andhra) deza ke veMgi pradeza kI samatala bhUmi meM sthita yaha rAmagiri parvata aneka jainaguhAmandiroM, jinAlayoM evaM anya dhArmika kRtiyoM se suzobhita thA / aneka vidvAn jainamuni vahA~ nivAsa karate the / vividha vidyAoM evaM viSayoM kI ucca zikSA ke lie yaha saMsthAna eka mahAn vidyApITha thA / veMgi ke cAlukya narezoM ke saMrakSaNa evaM prazraya meM yaha saMsthAna phala-phUla rahA thaa| isa kAla meM jainAcArya zrInandi isa vidyApITha ke pradhAnAcArya the| vaha Ayurveda Adi vibhinna viSayoM meM niSNAta the / svayaM mahArAja viSNuvardhana unake caraNoM kI pUjA karate the / ina AcArya ke pradhAna ziSya ugrAdityAcArya the jo Ayurveda evaM cikitsAzAstra ke udbhaTa vidvAn the / san 769 I0 ke kucha pUrva hI unhoMne apane suprasiddha vaidhaka grantha kalyANakAraka kI racanA kI thI / graMthaprazasti se spaSTa hai ki mUlagraMtha ko unhoMne nareza viSNuvardhana ke hI zAsanakAla aura prazraya meM racA thA / "2 'trikaliMga' deza hI Ajakala tailaMgAnA yA tilaMgAnA kahalAtA hai, jo isa zabda kA bigar3A huA rUpa hai / veMgi rAjya isI kSetra ke antargata thA / "veMgI rAjya kI sImA uttara meM godAvarI nadI, dakSiNa meM kRSNA nadI, pUrva meM samudrataTa aura pazcima meM pazcimIghATa thI / isakI rAjadhAnI veMgI nagara thI, jo isa samaya peDuveMgI (godAvarI jilA) nAma se prasiddha hai / " ataH nizcayapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki upAdityAcArya mUlataH telaMgAnA (AMdhrapradeza) ke nivAsI the aura unakI nivAsabhUmi 'rAmagiri' (vizAkhApaTTama jile kI rAmatIrthaM yA rAmakoMDa) nAmaka pahAr3iyAM thiiN| vahIM para jinAlaya meM baiThakara unhoMne kalyANakAraka kI racanA kI thii| unakA kAla 8vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha thA / uparyukta vivecana se yaha tathya bhI pragaTa hotA hai ki ugrAdityAcArya ko vAstavika saMrakSaNa veMgI ke pUrvI cAlukya rAjA viSNuvardhana caturtha (764-799 I0) se prApta huA thaa| 615 I0 meM cAlukya samrAT pulakezI dvitIya ne AMdhrapradeza para adhikAra kara vahAM apane choTe bhAI kubja viSNuvardhana ko prAntIya zAsaka niyukta kiyA thaa| isa deza kI rAjadhAnI 'veMgI' thii| pulakezI ke aMtimakAla meM veMgI kA zAsaka svataMtra ho gayA aura usane veMgI ke pUrvI cAlukya rAjavaMza kI sthApanA kii| isa rAjavaMza ke narezoM meM jainadharma ke prati bahuta AsthA thI / isI vaMza meM pUrvok viSNuvardhana caturtha (764-766 I0) huA / rASTrakUToM ke sAtha isake aneka yuddha hue the| viSNuvardhana caturtha jainadharma kA anuyAyI thA / isakI mRtyu ke bAda isa vaMza meM jo rAjA hue ve durbala the| rASTrakUTa samrATa govinda tRtIya ( 763-814 I0 ) aura usake putra samrATa amoghavarSaM prathama (814-878 I0) ne aneka bAra veMga para AkramaNa kara pUrvI cAlukyoM ko parAjita kiyaa| ataH yaha saMbhAvanA ucita hI pratIta hotI hai ki cAlukya samrAT viSNuvardhana caturtha kI mRtyu ke bAda jaba pUrvI cAlukyoM kA vaibhava samApta hone lagA aura rASTrakUTa samrAT amoghavarSa prathama kI prasiddhi aura jainadharma ke prati AsthA bar3hane lagI to ugrAdityAcArya ne amoghavarSa pra0 kI rAjasabhA meM Azraya prApta kiyA ho / saMbhava hai, amoghavarSa kI madya- mAMsapriyatA ko dUra karane ke lie unheM usakI rAjasabhA meM upasthita honA par3A ho athavA unheM samrAT ne AmaMtrita kiyA ho / ataH "kalyANakAraka" ke aMta meM nRpatuMga amoghavarSa kA bhI ullekha hai / aisA spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki ugrAdityAcArya "kalyANakAraka" kI racanA rAmagiri meM hI 766 I0 taka kara cuke the / parantu bAda meM jaba amoghavarSa prathama kI rAjasabhA meM Aye to unhoMne madya- mA~sa sevana ke niSedha kI yuktiyuktatA pratipAdita karate hue usake aMta meM 'hitAhita' nAmaka eka nayA adhyAya aura jor3a diyA / DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina kA bhI yahI vicAra hai 1. DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina, "bhAratIya itihAsa: eka dRSTi," pR0 291. 2. DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina, bhAratIya itihAsa: eka dRSTi, pR0 286-60 3. nAthUrAma premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 86. 186 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ "AcArya ugrAditya ne apane kalyANakAraka nAmaka vaidyaka graMtha kI racanA 800 I. ke pUrva hI kara lI thI kiMtu amoghavarSa ke Agraha para unhoMne usakI rAjasabhA meM Akara aneka vaidyoM evaM vidvAnoM ke samakSa madya-mAMsa-niSedha kA vaijJAnika vivecana kiyA aura isa aitihAsika bhASaNa ko 'hitAhita adhyAya' ke nAma se pariziSTa rUpa meM apane graMtha meM sammilita kiyaa|'' isa prakAra AcArya ugrAditya kA uttarakAlIna jIvana dakSiNa ke rASTrakUTavaMzIya samrATa amoghavarSa prathama kA samakAlIna rhaa|' isa zAsaka kA zAsanakAla 814 se 678 I0 rahA thaa| samrATa amoghavarSa prathama ko nRpatuMga, mahArAjazavaM, mahArAjazaNDa, vIranArAyaNa, atizaya dhavala, zarvavarma, vallabharAya, zrIpathvIvallabha. lakSmIvallabha, mahArAjAdhirAja, bhaTAra, paramabhaTTAraka Adi viruda prApta the|' yaha gAvinda tRtIya kA putra thaa| jisa samaya siMhAsana para baiThA, usa samaya usakI Ayu 6-10 varSa kI thI ata: gurjaradeza kA zAsaka, jo usake cAcA indra kA pUtra thA, karkarAja usakA abhibhAvaka aura saMrakSaka banA / 821 I0 meM amoghavarSa ke vayaska hone para karkarAja ne vidhivat rAjyAbhiSeka kiyaa| amoghavarSa ke pitA govinda tRtIya ne elorA aura mayUrakhaMDI (nAsikabogasa) se haTAkara rASTrakUToM kI navIna rAjadhAnI sAyakheTa ( malakheDa) meM sthApita kI thii| paraMtu usake kAla meM isakI bAharI prAcIra mAtra nirmANa ho skii| amoghavarSa ne aneka saMdara bhavyaprasAdoM, sarovaroM aura bhavanoM ke nirmANa dvArA usakA alaMkaraNa kiyA / amoghavarSa eka zAMtipriya aura dharmAtmA zAsaka thaa| yuddhoM kA saMcAlana prAyaH usake senApati aura yoddhA hI karate rhe| ataH use vaibhava, samRddhi aura zakti ko bar3hAne kA khUba avasara prApta huaa| "851 I0 meM araba saudAgara sulemAna bhArata AyA thaa| usane 'dIrghAyu bala harA' (ballabharAya) nAma se amogha kA varNana kiyA hai aura likhA hai ki usa samaya saMsAra-bhara meM jo sarvamahAn cAra samrAT the ve bhArata kA vallabharAya (amoghavarSa), cIna kA samrAT, bagadAda kA khalIphA aura rUma (kusta ntuniyA) kA samrAT the|" svayaM vIra, guNI aura vidvAn hone ke sAtha usane aneka vidvAnoM, kaviyoM aura guNiyoM ko apanI rAjasabhA meM Azraya pradAna kiyA thaa| isake kAla meM saMskRta, prAkRta, kannar3I aura tamila bhASAoM ke vividha viSayoM ke sAhitya-sRjana meM apUrva protsAhana milaa| samrATa amoghavarSa digambara jainadharma kA anuyAyI aura Adarza jaina zrAvaka thaa| vIrasena svAmI ke ziSya AcArya jinasenasvAmI kA vaha ziSya thA / jinasena svAmI usake rAjagurU aura dharmagurU the|" jaisAki guNabhadrAcArya kRta "uttara-purANa' (868 I0) meM likhA hai "yasya prAMzunakhAMzujAlavisaradArAMtarAvirbhAvatpAdAmbhojarajaH pishNgmukuttprtygrrtndyutiH| saMsmartA svamamoghavarSanRpatiH pUtohamadyetyalam sa zrImAjinasenapUjyabhagatpAdo jaganmaMgalam / / " AcArya jinasena dvArA racita 'pArvAbhyudaya' nAmaka mahAn kAvya meM sarga ke aMta meM isa prakAra kA ullekha milatA haiityamoghavarSaparamezvaraparamaguruzrIjinasenAcAryaviracite meghadUtaveSTite pArvAbhyudaye bhagavatkaivalyavarNanam nAma caturthaH sargaH ityaadi|" ataH AcArya jinasena kA amoghavarSa kA gurU honA pramANita hai| 1. DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina, bhAratIya itihAsa; eka dRSTi, pa.0 302. 2. bhArata ke prAcIna rAjavaza, bhAga 3,5038. 3. pro0 sAletora, Mediaval Jainism, p. 38: 50 kailAzacaMdra dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma, pR090. 4. DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina, bhAratIya itihAsa: eka dRSTi, pa.0 301. 5. prophesara sAletora, Mediaval Jainism, p. 38. jaina prAcya vidyAe~
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________________ amoghavarSa ne jaina vidvAnoM ko bhI mahAna saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA aura aneka jaina muniyoM ko dAna diye| vaha syAdvAdavidyA kA premI thaa| isake Azrita prasiddha gaNitAcArya mahAvIrAcArya ne apane jaina gaNita grantha 'gaNitasAra saMgraha' meM amoghavarSa ko syAdvAdasiddhAMta kA anukaraNa karane vAlA kahA hai / isake zAsanakAla aura Azraya meM siddhAntagrantha' kI 'jayadhavalA' nAmaka TIkA ( I0 837) kI pUrti jinasena svAmI ne kI / isa TIkA kA lekhana prArambha unake guru vIra sena svAmI ne kiyA thaa| isake atirikta AcArya zAkaTAyana pAlyakIrti ne 'zabdAnuzAsana' vyAkaraNa aura usakI amoghavRtti kI racanA kii| svayaM samrAT amoghavarSa ne saMskRta meM 'praznottara ratnamAlA' nAmaka nItigrantha aura kannar3I meM 'kavirAjamArga' nAmaka chaMda alaMkAra kA zAstragrantha racA thaa| 'praznottara ratnamAlA' se jJAta hotA hai ki amoghavarSa ne apane pitA ke samAna hI jIvana ke aMtimakAla meM rAjya tyAga diyA thA / " 60 varSa rAjya karane ke bAda 875-76 I0 ke lagabhaga apane jyeSThaputra kRSNa dvitIya ko rAjya sauMpa kara amoghavarSa zrAvaka ke rUpa meM jIvana yApana karane lage / jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai, yahI amoghavarSa prathama nRpaturaMga vallabharAya AcArya ugrAditya kA samakAlIna zAsaka thA / isakA pramANa hameM 'kalyANakAraka' kI nimna paMktiyoM meM milatA hai "rUpAtaH zrInRpatu gavallabha- mahArAjAdhirAjasthitaH / prabhiAMtare bahuvidhaprasthAvidvajjane // mAMsAziprakarendra tAkhila bhiSagvidyAvidAmagrato / mAMse niSphalatAM nirUpya nitarAM janendravaidya sthitam / / " ityazeSavizeSaviziSTaduSTapizitAzivaidyazAstreSu mAMsanirAkaraNArtha mugrAdityAcAryairnR patu ' gavallabheMdrasabhAyAmudghoSitaM prakaraNam ( kalyANakAraka, hitAhitAdhyAya, samAptisUcaka aMza ) / T arthAt 'prasiddha nRpatu Mga vallabha (rAya) mahArAjAdhirAja kI sabhA meM, jahA~ aneka prakAra ke prasiddha vidvAn the mAMsa bhakSaNa kI pradhAnatA kA poSaNa karane vAle vaidyakavidyA ke vidvAnoM (vaidyoM ) ke sAmane isa jainendra (jaina matAnunAyI ) vaidya ne upasthita hokara mAMsa kI niSphalatA ( nirarthakatA ko pUrNatayA siddha kara diyaa| isa prakAra sabhI viziSTa, duSTa mAMsa ke bhakSaNa kI puSTi karane vAle vaidha zAstroM meM mAMsa kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie ugrAdityAcArya ne isa prakaraNa ko nRpaturaMga vallabha rAjA kI sabhA meM udghoSita kiyA / ) isa varNana meM jisa rAjA ke lie ugrAdityAcArya ne 'nRpaturaMga', 'vallabha', 'mahArAjAdhirAja', 'vallabhendra' virudoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, vaha spaSTarUpa se rASTrakUTavaMzIya pratApI samrAT amoghavarSa prathama (814 -877 I0) hI thaa| kyoMki ye sabhI viruda usake lie hI prayukta hue hai. jaisA ki hama pUrva meM likha cuke haiN| ataeva zrI nAthUrAma premI kA yaha kathana ucita pratIta nahIM hotA ugrAditya rASTrakUTa amoghavarSa ke samaya ke batalAye gaye haiM, parantu isameM saMdeha hai / usakI prazasti kI bhI bahuta-sI bAteM saMdehAspada haiN| kRti - paricaya ugrAdityAcArya kI eka mAtra vaidyaka kRti 'kalyANakAraka' milatI hai| isameM kula 25 'pariccheda' (adhyAya) haiM aura unake bAda pariziSTa ke do adhyAya haiM-1 riSTAdhyAya, aura 2 hitAhitAdhyAya / ina paricchedoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM (a) svAsthyarakSaNAdhikAra ke aMtargata pariccheda1. zAstrAvatAra, 2. garbhotpattilakSaNa, 5. annapAnavidhi 6 rsaaynvidhi| - 1. vivekAtyaktarAjyena rAjJeyaM ratnamAlikA / citAmoghavarSeNa sudhiyAM sadalaMkRtiH // " (pra0ra0 mA0 ) 2. zrI nAthUrAma premI, jena sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 11. 188 3. sUtravyAvarNanam (zarIra kA varNana ), 4 dhAnyAdiguNAguNa-vicAra, AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ (A) cikitsAdhikAra ke aMtargata pariccheda 7. vyAdhisamuddeza, 8. vAtarogacikitsita, 6. pittarogacikitsita, 10. zleSmavyAdhicikitsita, 11. mahAmayacikitsita, (prameha, kuSTha, udara), 12 mahAmayacikitsita (vAtavyAdhi, mUDhagarbha, arza), 13. mahAmayacikitsita (azmarI, bhagaMdara) tathA kSudrarogacikitsita (vRddhi) 14. kSudrarogacikitsita (upadaMza, zUkadoSa, zlIpada, apacI, galagaMDa, nADIvraNa, aburda, granthi, vidradhi, kSudraroga) 15 kSudraroga cikitsita (ziroroga, karNaroga, nAsAroga, mukharoga, netraroga), 16 kSudraroga cikitsita (zvAsa, kAsa, virasa, tRSNA, chadi, arocaka, svara bheda, udAvarta, hikkA, pratizyAya), 17 kSudrarogacikitsita (hRdroga, krimiroga, ajIrNaroga, mUtrAghAta, mUtrakRcchra, yoniroga, gulma, pANDuroga, kAmalA, mUrchA, unmAda, apasmAra), 18 kSudrarogacikitsita (rAjayakSmA, masUrikA, bAlagraha, bhUtataMtra), 16 sarvaviSa cikitsita, 20 zAstrasaMgrahataMtrayukti / (i) isake bAda 'uttarataMtra' prArambha hotA hai| isake aMtargata pariccheda 21 karmacikitsAdhikAra (caturvidhakarma-cikitsA-kSAra, agni, zastra, auSadha ; jalaukA, zirAvyadha) 22. bheSajakarmopadravacikitsAdhikAra (snehana, svedana, vamana, virecana, basti-anuvAsana-nirUha, ke asamyak prayoga se hone vAlI ApattiyoM ke bheda va pratIkAra), 23 savauM SidhakarmavyApaccikitsAdhikAra (uttarabasti, vIryaroga, zuddhazukra, zuddhAtava, garbhAdAnavidhi, bhiNIcaryA, prasava, sUtikopacAra, dhUma, kavalagraha, nasyavidhi, vraNazotha-zotha, pUtinAzaka lepa, kezakRSNIkaraNa yoga) 24 rasarasAyana sidhyadhikAra (rasa, rasasaMskAra, mUrchana, mAraNa, baMdhana, rasazAlA, rasanirmANa, rasaprayoga), 25 kalpAdhikAra (harItakI, Amalaka, triphalA, zilAjatu, vAmyeSA ? kalpa, pASANabhedakalpa, bhallAtapASANakalpa, kharparIkalpa, vajrakalpa, mRttikAkalpa, gozRgyAdikalpa, eraMDAdikalpa, nAgyAdikalpa, kSArakalpa, citrakakalpa, triphalAdikalpa) / aMtima do pariziSTAdhyAyoM meM prathama 'riSTAdhyAya' meM maraNasUcaka lakSaNoM va cihnoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya, 'hitAhitodhyAya' meM mAMsabhakSaNa niSedha kA yuktiyukta vivecana hai| isa adhyAya meM svayaM AcArya ugrAditya kI saMskRta TIkA bhI upalabdha hai| graMtha kA uddezya ugrAdityAcArya ne likhA hai-"svayaM ke yaza ke lie yA vinoda ke lie yA kavitva ke garva ke lie yA hamAre para logoM kI abhiruci jAgRta karane ke lie maiMne isa graMtha kI racanA nahIM kI hai; apitu yaha samasta karmoM kA nAza karane vAlA jainasiddhAMta hai, aisA smaraNa karate hue isakI racanA kI hai|" "jo vidvAn muni ArogyazAstra ko bhalIbhA~ti jAnakara usake anusAra AhAra-vihAra karate hue svAsthya-rakSA karate haiM vaha siddhasakha ko prApta karatA hai / isake viparIta jo Arogya kI rakSA na karate hue apane doSoM se utpanna rogoM, zarIra ko pIr3A pahuMcAte hue, apane aneka prakAra ke duSpariNAmoM ke bheda se karma se baMdha jAtA hai|" "buddhimAna vyakti dRr3ha mana vAlA hone para bhI yadi rogI ho, vaha na dharma kara sakatA hai, na dhana kamA sakatA hai aura na mokSasAdhana kara sakatA hai / ina puruSArthoM kI prApti na hone se vaha manuSya kahalAne yogya hI nahIM raha jAtA / " __ "isa prakAra ugrAdityAcArya dvArA praNIta yaha zAstra karmoM ke marmabhedana karane ke lie zastra ke samAna hai| saba kAmoM meM nipuNa loga ise jAnakara (arthAt isa zAstra meM pravINa hokara) aura isake anusAra AcaraNa-ArogyasampAdana kara dharma-artha-kAma aura mokSa ina cAroM puruSArthoM ko prApta karate haiN|' 1. (a) ka. kA, pa. 20, zloka 88. na cAtmayazase vinodananimittato vApi satkaSitvanijagavaMto na ca janAnurAgAzayAt / vataM prathitazAstrametadarujainasiddhAntamityahanizamanusmarAmyakhilakamaMnimUlanam / / prArogyazAstramadhigamya manivipazcita svAsthyaM sa sAdhayati siddhasukhakahetum / anyassvadoSakRtaroganipIDitAMgo badhnAti karma nijadaSpariNAmabhedAt / / 6 / / na dharmasya kartA na cArthasya hartA na kAmasya bhoktA na mokSamya paataa| naro vaddhimAna dhIrasatvo'pi rogI yatastadvinAzada bhavannava martyaH / / 6 / / ityamAdityAcAryavayaMpraNItaM zAstra zastra karmaNAM mrmbhedii| jJAtvA matssa kaMkarmapravINa labhyatai ke dharmakAmArthamokSA: // 1 // ka. kA. 1-11-12 (prA) jaina prAcya vidyAe~ 186
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________________ graMthArambha meM ugrAditya ne likhA hai "mahaSi loga svAdhyAya ko hI tapasyA kA mUla mAnate haiM / ata: vaidyoM ke prati vAtsalyabhAva se grantha racanA karane ko maiM pradhAna tapazcaryA mAnatA huuN| ataH maiMne isa para kalyANakArI tapazcaraNa hI yatnapUrvaka prArambha kiyA hai|" graMtha kA pratipAdya viSaya jaina tIrthakaroM kI vANI ko viSayAnusAra bA~Takara unake bAraha vibhAga kiye gaye haiN| inheM Agama ke dvAdaza-aMga' kahate hai| inameM bArahavAM 'daSTivAda' nAmaka aMga hai, usake 5 bhedoM meM eka bheda 'pUrva' yA 'pUrvagata' kahalAtA hai| pUrva ke bhI 14 bheda haiN| inameM 'prANAvAya' nAmaka eka bheda hai| isameM vistArapUrvaka aSTAMga Ayurveda arthAta cikitsA aura zarIra zAstra kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yahI isa grantha kA mUla yA pratipAdya viSaya hai / rAmagiri meM zrInadi se 'prANAvAya' kA adhyayana kara ugrAditya ne isa grantha kI racanA kI thii| prANAvAya sampUrNa mala kA prAcInatama sAhitya ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM nirmita huA thaa| dhyAna rahe ki jaina paramparA kA samaya Agama-sAhitya mahAvIra kI mUla bhASA ardhamAgadhI meM hI racA gayA thaa| hara prakAra se sukhakara isa zAstra prANAvAya ke usa vistRta vivecana ko yathAvata saMkSepa rUpa meM saMskRta bhASA meM ugrAditya ne isa grantha meM vaNita kiyA hai| ardhamAgadhI bhASA unake samaya taka saMbhavataH ka pa . calita ho cakI thii| dezabhara meM sarvatra saMskRta kI mAnyatA aura pracalana thaa| ataH ugrAditya ko apane graMtha ko sarvaloka-bhogya aura sammAnya banAne hetu saMskRta meM racanA karanI pdd'ii| svayaM graMthakAra kI prazasti ke AdhAra para-"yaha kalyANakAraka nAmaka graMtha aneka alaMkAroM se yukta hai, sUndara zabdoM se grathita hai. sunane meM sukhakara hai, apane hita kI kAmanA karane vAloM kI prArthanA para nirmita hai, prANiyoM ke prANa, Ayu, sattva, vIrya, bala ko utpanna karane vAlA aura svAsthya kA kAraNabhata hai| pUrva ke gaNadharAdi dvArA pratipAdita 'prANAvAya' ke mahAna zAstra rUpI nidhi se udabhata aura acchI yaktiyoM yA vicAroM se yukta hai, jinendra bhagavAn (tIrthakara) dvArA pratipAdita hai / aise zAstra ko prApta kara manuSya sukha prApta karatA hai|" "jinendra dvArA kahA huA yaha zAstra vibhinna chaMdoM (vRttoM) meM racita pramANa, naya aura nikSepoM kA vicAra sArthaka rUpa se do bajAra pA~ca sau terAsI chaMdoM meM racA gayA hai aura jaba taka sUrya, candra aura tAre maujUda haiM taba taka prANiyoM ke lie sukhasAdhaka banA rahegA / 1. 2. ka.kA.1-13 svAdhyAyamAhurapare tapasAM hi mulaM manye ca vaidyavaravatsalatApradhAnam / tasmAttapazcaraNameva mayA prayatnAdArabhyate svaparasauravya vidhAyi samyaka / / ka. kA. pa. 25-54 'sarvArdhAdhikabhAgadhIyavila sadbhASAvizeSojjvalAt / prANAvAya mahAgamAdavitayaM saMga hya saMkSepataH / / ugrAdityaguruguNarudbhAsi saukhyAspadaM / zAstra saMskRtabhASayA racitavAnityeSa bhedastayoH / / ka. kA, 25-55-56. sAlaMkAraM suzabdaM zravaNasukha matha prAthitaM svArtha vidibha / prANAyussattvavIryaprakaTabalakaraM prANinoM svastha hetum / / niyudbhUta vicArakSamamiti kuzalA: zAstrametadyayAvat / kalyANAkhyaM jinendra viracitamadhigamyAza saukhyaM labhate / / 5 / / adhyadhaM dvisahasrakarapi tathAzItitrayarasottara vRttsNcaaritairihaadhikmhaavRttjineNdroditH| proktaM zAstramidaM pramANanayanikSepaM vicAryArthava jjIyAttadravicaMdratArakamala saukhyAspadaM prANinAm / / 56 / / 3. 160 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ : prANAvAya' kA pratipAdaka hone kA pramANa dete hue ugrAditya ne kalyANakAraka meM pratyeka pariccheda ke aMta meM likhA hai"jisameM saMpUrNa dravya, tatva va padArtharUpI taraMga uTha rahe haiM jisake ihaloka-paraloka ke lie prayojana-bhUta arthAt sAdhanarUpI do suMdara taTa haiM, aise zrI jinendra ke mukha se bAhara nikale hue zAstrarUpI sAgara kI eka bUnda ke samAna yaha zAstra (grantha) hai / yaha jagat kA ekamAtra hitasAdhaka hai ( ataH isakA nAma 'kalyANakAraka' hai ) / "" zAstra kI paramparA 'kalyANakAraka' ke prAraMbhika bhAga ( prathama pariccheda ke Arambha ke dasa padyoM meM) AcArya ugrAditya ne martyaloka ke lie jinendra ke mukha se Ayurveda (prANAvAya) ke prakaTita hone kA kathAnaka diyA hai|" bhagavAn RSabhadeva prathama tIrthaMkara the| unake samavasaraNa meM bharata cakravartI Adi ne pahuMcakara logoM ke rogoM ko dUra karane aura svAsthya rakSA kA upAya puuchaa| taba pramukha gaNadharoM ko upadeza dene hetu bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke mukha se sarasa zAradAdevI bAhara prakaTita huI / unakI vANI meM pahale puruSa, roga, auSadha aura kAla - isa prakAra saMpUrNa Ayurveda zAstra ke cAra bheda batAte hue ina vastu catuSTayoM ke lakSaNa, bheda, prabheda Adi saba bAtoM ko batAyA gyaa| ina saba tattvoM ko sAkSAta rUpa se gaNadhara ne samajhA / gaNadharoM dvArA pratipAdita zAstra ko nirmala, yati, zruti, avadhi va manaHparyaya jJAna ko dhAraNa karane vAle yogiyoM ne jAnA / isa prakAra yaha sampUrNa AyurvedazAstra RSabhanAtha tIrthaMkara ke bAda mahAvIra paryaMta tIrthakaroM taka calA AyA / yaha atyaMta vistRta hai, doSarahita hai, gaMbhIra vastu-vivecana se yukta hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke mukha se nikalA huA yaha jJAna 'svayaMbhU' hai aura anAdikAla se calA Ane ke kAraNa 'sanAtana' hai| govardhana, bhadrabAha Adi thukevaliyoM ke mukha se apAMga jJAnI yA aMgAMga jJAnI muniyoM dvArA sAkSAt sunA huA hai| arthAt zrutakevaliyoM ne anya muniyoM ko isa jJAna ko diyA thA / isa prakAra prANAvAya (Ayurveda) saMbaMdhI jJAna mUlataH tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pratipAdita hai ataH yaha 'Agama' hai / unase ise gaNadhara pratigaNadharoM ne unase zrutakevalI; aura unase bAda meM hone vAle anya muniyoM ne kramazaH prApta kiyA / isa taraha paraMparA se cale A rahe isa zAstra kI sAmagrI ko guru zrInandi se sIkhakara ugrAditya ne 'kalyANakAraka' grantha kI racanA kI / ataH kalyANakAraka paramparAgata jJAna ke AdhAra racita zAstra hai / ' 1. (a) ka. kA. pratyeka pariccheda ke aMta meM " iti jinavaktranigaM tasuzAstra mahAMbunidheH / sakala padArtha vistRtata raMgakulAkulataH || ubhayavArthasAdhana taTadvaya bhAsurato | nisRtamidaM hi zIkaranibhaM jagadekahitam // (gha) "da nivA " 2 ka. kA. pa. 1 / 6-10 zAstraparamparAgamana krama divyadhvaniprakaTitaM paramArthajAtaM sAkSAttathA gaNadharo'dhijagaM samastam | pazcAt gaNAdhipatirUpitavAkprapatra maSTArthanirmaladhiyo munayo'dhijagmuH || || evaM jinAMtara nibandhana siddhamA gadAyAtamAyatamanAkulamathaMgADham | svAyaMbhuvaM sakalameva sanAtanaM tat sAkSAcchrataM zrutadaH zrutakevalibhyaH // 107 3. ka. kA. 21/3 sthAnaM rAmagirIdrasadRzaH sarvArthasiddhipradaH | zrAnandivo'khilAgamavidhiH zikSApradaH sarvadA prANAvAya nirutArthamakhilaM sarvajJasambhASitaM / sAmagrIguNatA hi siddhimadhunA zAstra svayaM nAnyathAM || jaina prAcya vidyAe~ (ka. kA 25/53) 161
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________________ 'kalyANakAraka' AdhArabhUta jaina-Ayurveda graMtha _ 'kalyANakAraka' kI racanA se pUrva jina jaina AyurvedajJoM ne granthoM kA praNayana kiyA thA, unakA ullekha ugrAditya ne nimna paMktiyoM meM kiyA hai "zAlAkyaM pUjyapAdaprakaTitamadhikaM zalyataMtra ca pAtrasvAmiproktaM viSogragrahazamanavidhiH siddhasenaH prsiddhH| kAye yA sA cikitsA dazarathagurubhirmeghanAdaH zizUnAM vaidyaM vRSyaM ca divyAmRtamapi kathitaM siMhanAdemunIdra': / / (ka0 kA0 20/85) Ayurveda ke ATha aMga haiM / ATha aMgoM para puthak-pRthak jaina Ayurveda graMtha race gaye the| ina graMthoM ke nAma va unake praNetA ke nAma nimnAnusAra haiM : (1) zAlAkyataMtra pUjyapAda (2) zalyataMtra pAtrasvAmi (3) viSa aura ugragrahazamana vidhi siddhasena (agadataMtra aura bhUtavidyAparaka) (4) kAyacikitsA dazarathaguru (5) zizucikitsA (kaumArabhRtya) meghanAda (6) divyAmRta (rasAyana) aura vRSya (vAjIkaraNa) siMhanAda (pAThAMtara-siMhasena) inake atirikta samaMtabhadrAcArya ne ina AThoM aMgoM ko eka sAtha pUrNa rUpa se vistArapUrvaka pratipAdana karane vAle vaidyagra'tha kI racanA kI thii| usI ke AdhAra para ugrAditya ne saMkSepa meM varNana karate hue 'kalyANakAraka' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI thI "aSTAMgamapyakhilamatra samaMtabhadraH proktaM savistaravacovibhavavizeSAt / saMkSepato nigaditaM tadihAtmazaktyA kalyANakArakamazeSapadArthayuktam / / (ka0 kA0 pra0 20/86) isa zAstra (prANAvAya) kA adhyayana ugrAditya ne zrInaMdi se kiyA thaa| ve usa kAla ke prANAvAya ke mahAn AcArya the| granthagata vizeSatAe~ prANAvAya-paramparA kA ullekha karane vAlA yaha ekamAtra grantha upalabdha hai| saMbhavataH isake pUrva aura pazcAt kA etadviSayaka sAhitya kAla-kavalita ho cukA hai| isameM 'prANAvAya' kI digambara sammata paramparA dI gaI hai| apane pUrvAcAryoM ke rUpa meM tathA jina granthoM ko AdhAra-bhUta svIkAra kiyA gayA hai unake praNetAoM ke rUpa meM ugrAditya ne jina muniyoM aura AcAryoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, ve sabhI digambara-paramparA ke haiN| ataH yaha nizcita rUpa se kaha sakanA saMbhava nahIM ki isa saMbaMdha meM zvetAmbara-paramparA aura usake AcArya kauna the / phira bhI grantha kI prAcInatA (8vIM zatI meM nirmANa honA) aura racanAzailI va viSayavastu ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kalyANakAraka kA mahattva bahuta bar3ha jAtA hai / isa grantha ke adhyayana se jo vizeSatAe~ dRSTigocara hotI haiM, ve nimna haiM (1) graMtha ke upakrama bhAga meM Ayarveda ke avataraNa-martyaloka kI paramparA kA jo nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, vaha sarvathA navIna hai| isa prakAra ke avataraNa saMbaMdhI kathAnaka Ayurveda ke anya pracalita evaM upalabdha zAstra granthoM, jaise carakasaMhitA, suzrutasaMhitA, kAzyapasaMhitA, aSTAMga saMgraha Adi meM prApta nahIM hotaa| kalyANakAraka kA varNana 'prANAvAya'-paramparA kA sUcaka hai / arthAt prANAvAya' saMjJaka jaina-Agama kA avataraNa tIrthaMkaroM kI vANI meM hokara jana-sAmAnya taka pahuMcA-isa aitihAsika paramparA kA isameM varNana hai| 162 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha .
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________________ caraka Adi granthoM meM Ayurveda ke avataraNa kA jo nirUpaNa hai, usakA krama isa prakAra hai brahmA dakSaprajApati azvinIkumAra-dvaya RSi-muni-gaNa Ayarveda ke ina granthoM meM Ayurveda ko vaidika Astika zAstra mAnA gayA hai| ataH isakA udbhava anya vaidika Astika zAstroM (kAmazAstra, nATyazAstra Adi) kI bhAMti brahmA se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH brahmA, vaidikajJAna kA sUcaka pratIka hai| 'prANAvAya' paramparA meM jJAna kA mUla tIrthakaroM kI vANI ko mAnA gayA hai| yaha paramparA isa prakAra calatI hai tIrthakaroM kI vANI (Agama) gaNadhara aura pratigaNadhara zrutakevalI bAda meM RSi-muni isa prakAra vaidika Ayurveda kI mAnyaparamparA aura prANAvAya-paramparA meM yaha antara hai| 2. kalyANakAraka meM kahIM para bhI cikitsA meM madya, mAMsa aura madhu kA prayoga nahIM batAyA gayA hai| jaina-matAnasAra ye tInoM vastaeM asevya haiN| mAMsa aura madhu ke prayoga meM jIva-himA kA vicAra bhI kiyA jAtA hai| madya jIvana ke lie azucikara, mAdaka, aura azobhanIya mAnA AtA hai, Asava-ariSTa kA prayoga to kalyANakAraka meM AtA hai| jaise prameharogAdhikAra meM AmalakAriSTa aadi| Ayurveda ke prAcIna saMhitAgranthoM meM madya, mAMsa aura madhu kA bharapUra vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai / caraka Adi meM mAMsa aura mAMsarasa se saMbaMdhita aneka cikitsA prayoga diye gaye haiN| madya ko agnidIpti kara aura Azu prabhAvazAlI mAnate hue aneka rogoM meM inakA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| rAjayakSmA jaise rogoM meM to mAMsa aura madya kI vipula-guNakAritA svIkAra kI gaI hai| madhu anupAna aura sahapAna ke rUpa meM aneka auSadhiyoM ke sAtha prayakta hotA hai tathA madhUdaka, madhvAsava Adi kA pAnArtha vyavahAra vaNita hai| 3. cikitsA meM vAnaspatika aura khanija dravyoM ke prayoga vaNita haiN| vAnaspatika dravyoM se nirmita svarasa, kvAtha, kalka, carNa, vaTI, Asava, AriSTa, ghata aura tela kI kalpanAeM dI gaI hai / kSAranirmANa aura kSAra kA sthAnIya aura AbhyaMtara prayoga bhI batAyA gayA hai| agnikarma sirAvadha aura jalaukAvacAraNa kA vidhAna bhI diyA gayA hai| aneka prakAra ke khanija dravyoM kA auSadhIya prayoga kalyANakAraka meM milatA hai| 4. yadi isa grantha kA racanAkAla 8vIM zatI sahI hai, to yaha nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki rasa (pArada) aura rasakarma (pArada kA mUrchana, mAraNa aura baMdha, isa prakAra trividhakarma, rasasaMskAra) kA prAcInatama prAmANika ullekha hameM isa grantha meM prApta hotA hai| isa para eka svataMtra adhyAya grantha ke 'uttarataMtra' meM 24vAM pariccheda 'rasarasAyanavidhya dhikAra' ke nAma se diyA gayA hai| kula 56 padyoM meM pArada saMmbadhI rasazAstrIya' saba vidhAna vaNita haiN| 5. jaina siddhAMta kA anusaraNa karate hue kalyANakAraka meM saba rogoM kA kAraNa pUrvakRta "karma" mAnA gayA hai| jaina prAcya vidyAe~ 163
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________________ sahetukAssarvavikArajAtAsteSAM viveko guNamakhyabhedAt / heta : punaH pUrva kRta svakarma tataH pare tasya vizeSaNAni // 16 // svabhAvakAlagrahakarmadaiva vidhAta puNyezvarabhAgyapApam / vidhiH kRtAMto niyatiryamazca purAkRtasyaiva vizeSasaMjJA / / 12 / / na bhatakopAnna ca doSakopAnna caiva sAMvatsarikopariSTAta / grahaprakopAtprabhavaMti rogAH karmodayodoraNabhAvataste // 13 // (ka. kA, pa-7, 11-13) zarIra meM saba roga heta ke binA nahIM hote| una hetuoM ko gauNa aura mukhya bheda se jAnane kI AvazyakatA hotI ke rogoM kA makhya heta parvakRta karma hai / zeSa saba usake vizeSaNa arthat nimittakAraNa hai yA gauNa haiN| 'svabhAva, kAla, graha, karma, daiva, vidhAtA, puNya, Izvara, bhAgya, pApa, vidhi, kRtAMta, niyati, yama-ye saba parvakRta karma ke hI vizeSa nAma haiN|' na pathvI Adi mahAbhUtoM ke kopa se, na doSoM ke kopa se, na varSaphala ke kharAba hone se aura ropa me na doSoM ke kopa se, na varSaphala ke kharAba hone se aura na grahoM (zani, rAhu Adi) ke do kopa se roga utpanna hote haiM / apita, karma ke udaya aura udIraNa se hI roga utpanna hote haiN|" phira cikitsA' kyA hai ? aura isakA prayojana kyA hai ? ina praznoM kA bhI AcArya ugrAditya ne roga-nidAnAna rUpI uttara prastuta kiyA hai| yathA 'karma kI upazamanakriyA ko cikitsA yA rogazAMti kahate haiN| tasmAtsvakarmopazamakriyAyA vyAdhiprazAMti pravadaMti tajjJAH / " (ka-kA.,7/14) apane karma kA pAka' dA prakAra se hotA hai-1. samaya para svayaM pakanA, 2. upAya dvArA pknaa| inakI sundara vivecanA AcArya ne kI hai svakarmapAkodvividho yathAvadupAyakAlakramabhedabhinnaH // 14 // upAyapAkovaraghoravIratapaH prakArassuvizuddhamArgaH / sadya: phalaM yacchati kAlapAkaH kAlAMtarAdyaH svayameva dadyAt // 15 // yathA tarUNAM phalapAkayogo matipragalbhaiH puruSa vidheyaH / tathA cikitsA pravibhAga kAle doSaprakopo dvividhaH prasiddhaH / / 16 / / AmadhnasadabheSajasaMprayogAdupAyapAkaM pravadaMti tajjJAH / kAlAMtarAtkAlaviyAkamAhurmU gadvijAnAthajaneSu dRSTam / / 17 / / (1) upAyapAka-zreSTha, dhIra, vIra, tapasvAdi vizuddha upAyoM se karma kA jabarana udaya karAnA (udayakAla na hone para bhI) ise 'upAyapAka' kahate haiM jisase vaha tatkAla phala detA hai| (2) kAlapAka---kAlAMtara meM yathA samaya jo pAkara svayaM udaya meM Akara phala detA hai| vaha 'kAlapAka' hai| jisa prakAra vRkSa ke phala svayaM pakate haiM aura buddhimAna vyaktiyoM dvArA pakAye bhI jAte haiM usI prakAra doSoM kA pAka bhI upAya (cikitsA)' aura 'kAlakrama' se do prakAra se pakva hote haiM / doSa yA roga ke Amatva ko auSadhiyoM dvArA pakAnA 'upAyapAka' kahalAtA hai aura kAlAMtara meM (apane pAka kAla meM) svayaM hI (binA kisI auSadhi ke) pakanA 'kAlapAka' kahalAtA hai| isalie likhA hai-'jIva (AtmA) apane karma se prApta hone vAle pApapuNya rUpI phala ko binA prayatna ke avazya hI prApta karatA hai| pApa aura puNya ke kAraNa hI doSoM kA prakopa aura upazama hotA hai| kyoMki ye donoM hI mukhya karma haiN| arthAta roga ke prati dopa prakopa va doSazamana gauNa (nimitta ) kAraNa haiM / jIvassvakarmAjitapuNyapApaphalaM prayatnena vinApi bhukte / doSaprakopopazamau ca tAbhyAmudAhRtau hetunibaMdhanau tau / / (ka. kA. 7 / 10) 164 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ (6) kalyANakAraka meM zArIra viSayaka varNana vistAra se nahIM milatA, kintu 20 meM pariccheda meM bhojana ke bAraha bheda, daza auSadhakAla, snehapAka Adi, riSToM kA varNana karane ke sAtha zarAra ke marmoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| (7) isa zAstra ( prANAvAya yA Ayurveda) ke do prayojana batAye gaye haiM- svastha kA svAsthyarakSaNa aura rogI kA rogamokSaNa / ina sabako saMkSepa se isa grantha meM kahA gayA hai "lokopakArakaraNArthamidaM hi zAstra zAstraprayojanamapi dvividhaM yathAvata svasthasya rakSaNamathAmayamokSaNaM ca saMkSepataH sakalamevanirUpyate'tra // ( ka0kA0 1/24 ) K cikitsA ke AdhAra jIva haiN| inameM bhI manuSya sarvazreSTha jIva haiM / jainamiyAMtAnusAra jIva ke 14 bhe 1 ekeMdriya sUkSmaparyA 2 ekendriyam aparyApta 2 ekedriya bAdaraparyApta 4] ekeMdriya vAdara aparyApta 5 ndriyaparyApta dIndriya aparyApta 7 trIndriyaparyApta prIndriya aparyApta turIya paryApta 10 11 aparyApta 12 paMcendriya saMgIta 12 paMcedriya maMtrI paryApta 14 paMceMdriya aparyApta / siddhAntataH prathitajIyarumAsa paryAptasaMzivarapaMcavidhendriyeSu tatrApi dharmaniratA manujAH pradhAnAH kSetre ca dharmabahule paramArthajAtAH / / (010 1 / 26) (1) jinako AhAra zarIra, iMdriya, zvAsocchvAsa, bhASA va mana-ina 6 paryAptiyoM meM yathAsaMbhava pUrNa prApta hue hoM unheM 'paryAptajIva' kahate haiM jinheM ye pUrva prApta na hue ho, unheM 'aparyApta jIva' kahate haiM aparyApta jIvoM kI apekSA paryApta jIva zreSTha hai| aziyoM se bhI zreSTha hai| 1. (2) jinako hita-ahita, yogya-ayogya, guNa-doSa Adi kA jJAna hotA hai unheM 'saMjJI' kahate haiM, isake viparIta 'asaMjJI' haiM / paMcendriya saMjJI jIvoM meM manuSya zreSTha haiM / unameM bhI dharmAcaraNa karane vAle manuSya pradhAna haiM, kyoMki unhoMne dharmamaya kSetra (zarIra) meM janma liyA hai| (8) grantha-yojanA bhI vaMziSTyapUrNa hai saMpUrNa grantha ke mukhya do bhAga haiM- mUlaprantha (1 se 20 pariccheda) aura uttarataMtra (21 se 25 pariccheda) / 'prANAvAya' (Ayurveda) saMbaMdhI sArA viSaya mUlaya tha meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| mUlagrantha bhI spaSTa tathA do bhAgoM meM baMTA huA hai--svAthyaparaka aura rogacikitsAparaka / prathama pariccheda meM Ayurveda ( prANAvAya) ke avataraNa kI aitihAsika paramparA batAyI gayI hai aura grantha ke prayojana ko likhA gayA hai| dvitIya pariccheda se chaThe pariccheda taka svAsthya-rakSa gopAya varNita haiM / svAsthya do prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai, 1. pAramArthika svAsthya (AtmA ke saMpUrNa karmoM ke kSaya se utpanna AtyaMtika nitya atIndriya mokSa rUpI sukha ) 2. vyavahAra svAsthya (Agniva dhAtu kI samatA doSavibhrama na honA, mala-mUtra kA ThIka se visarjana, AtmA-mana-iMdriyoM kI prasannatA) / chaThe pariccheda meM dinacaryA, rAtricaryA, RtucaryA, vAjIkaraNa aura rasAyana viSayoM kA varNana hai ) kyoMki ye sabhI svAsthyarakSaNa ke AdhAra haiN| sAtaveM pariccheda meM roga aura cikitsA kI sAmAnya bAteM, nidAna paddhati kA varNana hai / + AThaveM se aThAraheM taka vibhinna rogoM ke nidAna cikitmA kA varNana hai| rogoM ke moTe taura para do varga kie gae haiM-1 mahAmaya, 2 kSudrAmaya / mahAmaya ATha prakAra ke haiM--prameha, kuSTha, udararoga, vAtavyAdhi, mUr3hagabha, arza, azmarI aura bhagaMdara / zeSa saba roga kSudrarogoM kI zreNI meM Ate haiM / kSudra rogoM ke aMtargata hI 'bhUtavidyA' saMbaMdhI viSaya - bAlagraha aura bhUtoM kA varNana hai / unnIsaveM pariccheda meM prazeSakarmakSayajaM mahAdbhuta yadetadAtyaMtikamadvitIyam | atIndriyaM prArthitamarthaM vedibhiH tadetaduktaM paramArthanAmakam || 3 || samAdhivibhramI mata kiyA | manaH pramAdazva narasya sarvadA, tadevamuktaM vyavahArajaM khalU || 4 || jana prAcya vidyAe~ ( ru. kA. 2 / 3-4 ) 165
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________________ viSaroga-agada taMtra saMbaMdhI viSaya diye gaye haiN| madya ko viSa varga meM hI mAnA gayA hai| aMtima bIsaveM pariccheda meM saptadhAtUtpatti, rogakAraNa aura adhiSThAna, sATha prakAra ke upakrama va caturvidhakarma, bhojana ke bAraha bheda, daza auSadhakAla, snehapAkAdi kI vidhi, riSTa-varNana, aura marmavarNana haiN| uttarataMtra meM kSArakarma, agnikarma, jalaukAvacAraNa, zastra karma, zirAvyadha, snehanAdi karmoM ke yathAvat na karane se utpanna ApattiyoM kI cikitsA, uttarabasti, garbhAdhAna, prasava, sUtikopacAra, dhUmrapAna, kavala-gaMDUSa, nasya, zotha-varNana, palita-nAzana, kezakRSNIkaraNa upAya, rasavidhi vividha, kalpaprayoga haiM / aMta meM do pariziSTAdhyAya haiN| dakSiNa bhArata ke anya jaina-pAyarveda graMtha aSTAMga Ayurveda ke pratipAdaka aura 'prANAvAya' paramparA ke mukhya upalabdha maulika grantha 'kalyANakAraka' para vistAra se vivecana dene ke pazcAt yahAM dakSiNa bhArata meM likhita digaMbara AcAryoM ke anya vaidyaka-granthoM kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| samaMtabhadra-(3-4 zatAbdI) karnATaka meM inakA likhA huA 'puSpa Ayurveda' nAmaka grantha milatA hai, vaha saMdigdha hai| ugrAditya ne inake aSTAMga saMbaMdhI vistRta grantha kA ullekha kiyA hai| pUjyapAda-(5vIM zatAbdI)-inakA prArambhika nAma devanaMdi thaa| bAda meM buddhi kI mahattA ke kAraNa yaha 'jinendrabuddhi' kahalAye tathA devoM ne jaba inake caraNoM kI pUjA kI, taba se yaha 'pUjyapAda' kahalAne lge| mAnavajAti ke hita ke lie inhoMne vaidyakazAstra kI racanA kI thii| yaha grantha aprApya hai / 'kalyANakAraka' meM aneka sthAnoM para 'pUjyapAdena bhASitaH' aisA kahA gayA hai| Andhrapradeza meM racita 15 vIM zatI ke 'vasavarAjIya' nAmaka graMtha meM pUjyapAda ke aneka yogoM kA ullekha milatA hai| pUjyapAda ke adhikAMza yoga dhAtu-cikitsA saMbaMdhI haiN| inakA graMtha 'pUjyapAdIya' kahalAtA thaa| yaha saMskRta meM racA hogaa| karnATaka meM pUjyapAda kA eka kannar3a meM likhita padyamaya vaidya kagrantha milatA hai / 'vaidyasAra' nAmaka grantha bhI pUjyapAda kA likhA batAyA jAtA hai, jo jaina-siddhAMta bhavana' (ArA) se prakAzita ho cukA hai, parantu ye donoM hI grantha pUjyapAda ke nahIM haiN| kannaDa-graMtha-saMskRta ke granthoM ke atirikta kannar3a bhASA meM bhI jaina Ayurveda ke grantha race gye| jaina maMgalarAja-ne sthAvaraviSa kI cikitsA para 'khagendramaNidarpaNa' nAmaka eka bar3A grantha likhA thaa| yaha prArambhika hindU vijayanagara sAmrAjyakAla meM rAjA harihara-rAja ke samaya meM vidyamAna thA / inakA kAla I0 san 1360 ke AsapAsa mAnA jAtA hai| devendramuni-ne 'bAlagrahacikitsA' para grantha likhA thA / zrIdharasena-(1500 I.) ne 'vaidyAmRta' kI racanA kI thii| isameM 24 adhikAra haiM, jo caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke nAmollekha se prAraMbha hote haiN| vAcarasa-(1500 I0) meM 'azvavaidyaka' kI racanA kii| isameM azvoM kI cikitsA kA varNana hai| padmarasa yA padmaNNa paNDita ne 1627 I0 meM 'hayasArasamuccaya' (azvazAstra) nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI thii| isameM ghor3oM kI cikitsA batAyI gaI hai| rAmacanna aura candrarAja ne 'azvavaidyaka', kIrtimAna ne gocikitsA', vIrabhadra ne pAlakApya kRta hastyAyurveda kI kannar3a TIkA, amRtanandi ne 'vaidya kanighaNTu' nAmaka zabdakoza, sAlva ne 'rasaratnAkara' aura 'vaidyasAMgatya, jagaha va ne 'mahAmantravAdi' nAmaka vaidyaka granthoM kI racanA kI thii| dakSiNa kI anya tamila Adi bhASAoM meM jaina vaidyaka graMthoM kA saMgraha nahIM ho pAyA hai / upasaMhAra-yaha sunizcita hai ki 'prANAvAya' (jaina Ayurveda) kI paramparA ko akSuNNa banAye rakhane meM dakSiNa bhArata kA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| AThavIM zatI meM racita 'kalyANakAraka' isakA jvalaMta udAharaNa hai| parantu uttarI bhArata meM to vartamAna meM eka bhI prANAvAya kA pratipAdaka prAcIna grantha prApta nahIM hotaa| isase jJAta hotA hai ki yaha paramparA uttara meM bahuta kAla pUrva meM hI lupta ho gaI thii| isa dRSTi se 'dRSTivAda' ke lupta sAhitya kA, vizeSakara prANAvAya' kA, dakSiNI jaina digambara-paramparA meM upalabdha honA, eka aitihAsika-sAMskRtika vaiziSTya ko sUcita karatA hai| 196 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha