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________________ navembara 35 // zrImahAvIrasvAmine namaH // 'bhuvanasundarIkathA' kI viziSTa bAtoM kA saMkSipta avalokana vijayazIlacandrasUri nAgendrakula ke prasiddha AcArya Aryasamudra ke ziSya vijayasiMhAcAryane saMvat 175 meM 'bhyaNasaMdarIkathA' kI racanA kI / usakI ekamAtra tADapatra--prati khambhAta ke zAntinAtha tADapatra bhaNDArameM maujUda hai / usa pratike AdhAra se isa grantha kA sampAdana kiyA gayA hai, jo do vibhAgoM meM prAkRta TeSTa sosAyaTI (PTS)se prakAzita hai / usa grantha meM AnevAlI katipaya vizeSa bAtoM ke bAremeM ukta prakAzana meM hI eka zodhalekha diyA gayA hai, vaha hI yahAM mudrita kiyA jA rahA hai| mujhe sUcanA dI gaI ki ukta kathAgrantha sabhI ke pAsa pahaMca nahi pAegA, ata: yaha lekha agara 'anusandhAna meM punaH mudrita karavAo to ThIka hogA / ataH yaha yahA~ prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai / ] bhuvanasundarI kI kathA kA yaha grantha mukhyatayA adbhuta rasa kA pratipAdana karanevAlA grantha hai / yahAM vIrarasa, zAntarasa, karuNarasa nahIM hai aisA nahIM, kintu samagra kathA kA kendrIya rasa to adbhuta rasa hI pratIta hotA hai| vaise yaha grantha ghaTanA-pracura hai; Apa dekheMge ki kathA zurU hote hI vividha ghaTanAoM kA daura zurU ho jAtA hai / eka ghaTanA pUrI huI bhI nahIM ki usameM se dUsarI ghaTanA phUTa nikalegI ! phira ye sabhI ghaTanAeM atyanta vismayajanaka evaM camatkAra-bharapUra bhI haiM / jaise jaise ina camatkArika ghaTanAoM ko hama par3heMge, vaise vese hamAre citta meM adbhuta rasa kA eka pUra umar3ane laga jaaegaa| phira bhI isa kathAgrantha meM kaI bAteM aisI bhI hai jinakA sAMskRtika, dhArmika, sAmAjika va aitihAsika mUlyAMkana honA cAhie / isakA sAMskRtika evaM tulanAtmaka yA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana to honA hI cAhie, kintu abhI to maiM, yahA~, isa grantha meM bikhare hue kucha tathyoM yA muddoM ke prati aMgulinirdeza hI karUMgA /
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________________ 36 anusandhAna 34 isa kathAgrantha kA nAma bhale 'bhuvanasundarI kathA' ho, kintu grantha kA atyadhika hissA to bhuvanasundarI ke pitA vIrasena ko hI samarpita hai| vIrasenacarita kA prArambha hotA hai gAthAGka 822 (pR. 76) se; aura anta hotA hai gAthAGka 7899 (pR. 720) para / arthAt 8944 gAthA-pramANa vAle grantha kI andAjana 7000 se kucha adhika gAthAeM to vIrasena ko hI nAyaka banAye huI haiM / vAstava meM yaha kathA nAyikApradhAna na hokara nAyakapradhAna lagatI hai; athavA honI cAhie / aura taba isakA nAma hogA 'vIraseNakahA' yA 'vIraseNacariyaM' phira bhI kartA ne isako nAyikApradhAna rakhakara 'bhuvanasundarIkathA' nAma kyoM diyA hogA ? prazna honA svAbhAvika hai / lagatA hai ki granthakAra tilakamaJjarI, kAdambarI, udayasundarI, karpUramaJjarI, lIlAvatI, vilAsavatIjaisI nAyikAoM ko prAdhAnya dekara race gaye adbhuta granthoM kI paramparA kA anusaraNa karanA cAhate haiN| yadi kAdambarI kA nAma 'candrApIDakathA' aisA hotA to vidyAvizva usake prati itanA adhika AkarSita hotA ? zakyatA bahuta kama hai| aisA hI anya kathA-kAvyoM ke bAre meM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / ThIka usI taraha, yadi isakA nAmAbhidhAna 'vIrasena-carita' rakhA gayA hotA, to itanA prastuta na banatA, jitanA 'bhuvanasundarI' nAma dene se banatA hai / (2) aba dekheM kucha dhArmika bAteM : 1. jina-pratimA kI vilepanapUjA ke lie candana, kapUra ityAdi uttama surabhi-dravyoM ko pAnI meM lasoTa kara upayoga meM liyA jAtA hai / pUjA-samApti ke bAda to drava zeSa raha jAtA hai, usakA upayoga koI gRhastha apane deha-paribhoga ke vAste nahIM kara sakatA hai, yaha sAmAnya pracalita niyama hai / isa grantha meM jarA judI bAta milatI hai / kumAra harivikrama aura bhuvanasundarI kA prathama milana jaba candraprabhu-jinAlaya meM huA, taba kanyA kI sakhI hAtha meM candanadrava kA kaTorA lAkara kumAra ko kahatI hai ki "jinapUjA karane ke bAda zeSa rahA huA yaha samAlabhana (vilepanadravya) Apa apane aMga para lagAe~ bAhyAntara tApa
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________________ navembara ko miTAveM" (gA. 684, pR. 64) sAmAnyata: jaina sAdhu kisI bhI vyakti ko sAMsArika kAmanAoM kI prApti kA upAya nahIM batAte haiM / phira ve vItarAga kI ho upAsanA karane kA kaheMge / kintu isa grantha meM eka se adhika bAra jaina muni aisA mArgadarzana karate dikhAI dete haiM / udAharaNArtha, jaba rAnI vijayavatI AcArya nirmalamatisUri kI dezanA sunane ke pazcAt, santAnaprApti kI apanI tIvra kAmanA kI pUrti ke lie pRcchA karatI hai, taba AcAryazrI usako kUSmANDI (ambikA) devI kI ArAdhanA karane se IpsitaprApti hone kA kahate haiM (gA. 920-22, pR. 85), aura tadanusAra rAnI ke dvArA kI gaI ArAdhanA ke javAba meM devI varadAna bhI detI hai ( gA. 942, pR. 87 ) 1 aisA hI dUsarA prasaMga navakAramantra ke prabhAva kA AtA hai / jaba vIrasena - kumAra sarovara ke kinAre pahu~catA hai, taba vahA~ akalaMka muni use pUchate haiM ki 'isa gambhIra sarovara ko tU kaise pAra karegA ? eka kAma kara, navakAramantra kA smaraNa kara, sarovara kA jala usake prabhAva se sthagita ho jAegA, aura tU pAra nikala jAegA (gA. 2587-88, pR. 236-37) / navakAra ke prabhAva kI dUsarI bhI bAta hai, jo vismayajanaka hai / vIrasena kI bheMTa ghora araNya meM yogIndra se hotI hai, taba yogIndra usako juA khelane kA AhvAna detA hai / donoM khelane to lage, para pUrA dina bItane para bhI koI jItA nhiiN| tabhI vIrasena ne navakAramantra kA smaraNa kiyA, aura usake prabhAva se vaha jIta gayA (gA. 554244, pR. 506 - 7) | zAsanadeva kI upAsanA kisa DhaMga se karanI cAhie, usa viSaya meM yaha grantha bar3A mArmika mArgadarzana detA hai / vIrasena evaM candrazrI kA patA pAne ke lie vicitrayaza rAjA jaba cakrezvarI ke sAmane dhyAna lagA kara baiThatA hai, taba svayaM devI use yaha saMketa detI hai ki "tumheM dhyAna dharanA ho to vItarAgadeva kA dharo / hama to sarAga devatA Thahare; hama sarAga pUjA yAnI gIta, nRtya Adi se hI prasanna hoMge, dhyAna dharane se 2. 4. 37
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________________ 38 nahIM" (gA. 4043 45, pR. 369) / eka aura viziSTa bAta isa grantha kI prazasti se milatI hai / hamAre yahA~ tIrtha ke yA mandira ke nAma samarpita kI jAnevAlI milkata ko 'devadravya' hI mAnane kI Ajakala paddhati hai / yaha mAnyatA kaba se praviSTa huI, patA nahIM / yaha grantha kucha alaga hI batA rahA hai / granthakAra zrIvijayasiMhAcArya prazasti meM likhate haiM ki " gopAditya zrAvaka ne somezvaranagara kA apanA tribhUmika ghara, zrIujjayantatIrtha ke zrIneminAtha ko bheMTa kiyA, aura usane saMgha ko kahA ki muni- samUha ke nivAsArtha yaha ghara maiM Apako arpaNa karatA hU~" (prazasti gA. 13 - 14, pR. 817) | I yaha to spaSTa hai ki makAna saMgha ko hI sauMpA jA sakatA hai kintu vaha jaba neminAtha ke nAma bheMTa kiyA jAtA hai taba to vaha, Aja kI dhAraNA ke anusAra, devadravya hI bana jAegA; phira usameM muni saMgha kA nivAsa kaise ho sakatA hai ? / phira bhI granthakAra ne usa sthAna meM nivAsa kiyA kI haiM aura isa grantha kA sarjana bhI vahA~ rahakara hI kiyA haiM, yaha to aitihAsika tathya hI (gA. 15 - 16, pR. 817 ) / I 7. mukhavastrikA - mu~hapattI jaina sAdhu kA eka Avazyaka upakaraNa hai / vaha hAtha meM hI rakhA jAtA thA granthakAra ke kAla meM, aisA spaSTa ullekha isa grantha meM pAyA jAtA hai ( gA. 5893, pR. 537) 6. -- anusandhAna 34 ( 3 ) aura aba dekheM kucha sAMskRtika bAtoM kA ullekha : 1. anukUla bAta sunate hI zukana kI gA~Tha bAMdhane kA rivAja (gA. 940, pR. 88); 2. kumAra - avasthA pAte hI (rAjaputra kA bhI) cUlA (zikhA) saMskAra va upanayana saMskAra (gA. 1749, pR. 160 ); 3. sAmudrakazAstra (gA. 1922-60, pR. 176 - 180); 4. samudra meM utarane se pahale netra, nAsikA va kAna ko DhAMkane kI bAta (gA. 3350, pR. 306 ); 5. jahAja calAnevAloM kI paribhASA (gA. 3368-73, pR. 307-8); 6.
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________________ navambara 39 vivAha ke avasara para mAtRkA-nimantraNa, brahmabhojana, sarva-devoM kA pUjana, nagaradevatA kI pUjA ityAdi prakriyA kA sUcana (gA. 429192, pR. 392); 7. bharata- nATyazAstra ke ullekhapUrvaka 'laya' kA svarUpa-varNana (gA. 5342, pR. 487) ityAdi / kauladharma yA kApAlika sampradAya kI bAteM isa meM aneka jagaha AtI haiM / isa sampradAya ke sAtha sambaddha zabdAvalI-- bhairavI, kAtyAyanI, caNDikA, yoginI, vIravarga, dAkSAyaNI, yogI (aghoragaNa), kSetrapAla (dAruNadADha), (pR. 313-19); kaulazAsana, yogIndra (pR. 504-5 - 6): yogIndra (aghoragaNa), cAmuNDA, bhairavImudrA, kAtyAyanI (51928); yogIndra, kaulAgama, kauladharma, bhairava, kaula, uDDIzazAstra, (pR. 544); bhairavAyatana, kApAlika, maTha, zUlapANi (yogI), caNDarudra (yogiziSya), trizUla, bhairavapUjAvidhi, bhairava, lohArgala(yakSa)(pR. 762 - 66); yaha saba dhyAnAha hai| ukta sabhI sandarbho ke avalokana se sahaja hI patA lagatA hai ki granthakAra ke samaya meM kApAlika sampradAya kA vyApa bhAratavarSa meM bahuta rahA hogA / __kucha aitihAsika evaM paurANika tathyoM kA bhI isameM jikra kiyA gayA hai / udAharaNArtha, 1. pR. 418 para dazAnana evaM rAma ke dvArA pratiSThApita jina-pratimAoM kA ullekha hai (gA. 4586) / 2. rAma-rAvaNa ke nirdeza anyatra bhI dekhe jAte haiM (gA. 4151, pR. 379; gA. 5638 pR. 541) / kRSNa kA bhI ullekha yahA~ hai (gA. 5937, pR. 541) / isase patA calatA hai ki isa-bhuvanasundarI kI kathA kA ghaTanA samaya kRSNa vAsudeva. ke bAda kA honA cAhie / 3. itihAsa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa ullekha milatA hai mathurAnagarIsthita jinastUpa kA (gA. 6570-71, pR. 599) / isa nirdeza se mAlUma hotA hai ki granthakAra ke samaya meM bhI mathurA meM stUpa kA astitva thA /
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________________ anusandhAna 34 4. yuddha meM mAre gae sainikoM kI khAMbhI (bhaTastambha) banAne ke rivAz2a kA bhI nirdeza gA. 7137, pR. 651 meM pAyA jAtA hai / eka paurANika (jaina aitihAsika) mAnyatA kA bhI sRcana isameM milatA hai : aMgaiyA (aMgadikA ?) nagarI ke jinAlaya kI ratnamaya jinapratimA kA rAvaNa va rAma ke dvArA pratiSThita kiye jAne kA sUcana (gA. 4586, pR. 418) / vaise stambhana pArzvanAtha kI ratnapratimA, jo abhI khambhAta meM vidyamAna hai, usakI pratiSThA rAma ne kI thI, aisI jaina paurANika mAnyatA hai hii| grantha meM kahIM kahIM zrIumAsvAtijI evaM zrIharibhadrasUrijI ke pratipAdanoM kI chAyA bhI dekhane milatI hai / yathA1. viNayaphalaM sUssUsA gurusussUsAphalaM suyannANaM / nANassa phalaM viraI viraiphalaM Asavaniroho // 6072 / / saMvaraphalaM ca sutavo tavarassa puNa nijjarA phalaM tIe / hoi phalaM kammakhao tassa phalaM kevalaM nANaM // 6073 / kevalanANassa phalaM avvAbAho nirAmao mokkho / tamhA kammakhayANaM savvesiM bhAyaNaM viNao // 6074 / / (bhu.su. pR. 554) aba yaha pATha 'prazamarati prakaraNa (vA. umAsvAti)' kA dekheM : vinayaphalaM zuzrUSA guruzuzrUSAphalaM zrutajJAnam / jJAnasya phalaM virativiratiphalaM cAstravanirodhaH / / 72 / / saMvaraphalaM tapobalamatha tapaso nirjarA phalaM dRSTam / tasmAt kriyAnivRttiH kriyAnivRtterayogitvam / / 7 / / yoganirodhAd bhavasantatikSaya: santatikSayAnmokSaH / tasmAt kalyANAnAM sarveSAM bhAjanaM vinayaH // 74|| 2. vA umAsvAti kRta tattvArthasUtra-sambaddha antimopadezakArikA meM AyA huA yaha zloka, dagdhe bIje yathA'tyantaM prAdurbhavati nAGkaraH /
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________________ navembara ___41 41 karmabIje tathA dagdhe nArohati bhavAGkaraH // 8 // 'bhuvanasundarI' kI nimna gAthA meM pratidhvanita hotA haidaDaMmi jahA bIe parohai aMkuro na puNa jamhA / taha kammabIyadAhe na jammamaraNaMkurA hoti // 8642 / / (pR. 788) 3. eka aura bhI padya hai jo merI smRti ke anusAra zrIumAsvAtikRta mAnA jAtA hai, tajjJAnameva na bhavati yasminnudite vibhAti rAgagaNaH / tamasaH kuto'sti zaktidinakarakiraNAgrataH sthAtum ? // usakA bhI chAyAnuvAda yahA~ maujUda hai : taM nANaM pi na bhaNNai rAgAI jeNa ukkaDA hoti / so kaha bhannai sUro vihaDAvae jo na timirohaM ? ||5980 / / (pR. 545) 4. zrIharibhadrasUri-racita 'paJcasUtra' meM 'dukkaDagarihA', 'sukaDAsevaNaM', 'rAgadosavisaparamamaMto' ityAdi padAvalI prApta hotI hai / isa kathA kI 'jiNadhammatattanANaM dukkaDagarahA ya sukaDasevA ya / ' 'kammavisaparamamaMto bhavaviDaviccheyaNakuDhAro / ' (gA. 2923-24, pR. 267) ina paMktioM meM usa padAvalI ke aMza pAye jAte haiM / 5. isa paJcasUtra ke caturtha sUtra meM 'vyAdhitasukriyAjJAta' nAmaka dRSTAnta sopanaya likhA gayA hai, jo 'viMzatirvizikA' meM bhI milatA hai / isa kathA kI 8624 se 8627 ina gAthAoMmeM (pR. 786-87) yaha dRSTAnta, lagabhaga, paJcasUtra-varNita padAvalI meM hI milatA hai, jo bar3A rocaka hai / kitaneka rUDhiprayoga yA lokoktisvarUpa kahAvatoM kA prayoga bhI isa grantha meM kiye gaye hai / jaise 1. 'ghuNakkharo nAo' (gA. 360, pR. 34) 2. 'no bhajjai lauDI na marai sasao' (gA. 1332, pR. 122)
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________________ anusandhAna 34 3. 'kesari-dottaDInAo' (gA. 2397, pR. 219) 4. 'phoDAviyaM ca jamhA billaM billeNa buddhIe' (gA. 5629, pR. 513) 5. hamArI bhASAoM meM eka muhAvarA bahuta prasiddha hai : "karame-dharame" 'karame- dharame' karanA par3A; 'karame-dharame' ho gayA, ityAdi / yaha muhAvarA yahA~ bAra-bAra prayojA gayA hai / yathA 'kammadhammajogA' (gA. 360, 1193, 1558, 1796, 3086, 6710, 7765 vgairh)| pR. 668-69 para saMkSipta kintu vividhachandomaNDita vasantaRtuvarNana (gA. 7325-29) bhI draSTavya hai / (8) __bahuta sAre viziSTa zabdaprayoga isa meM milate haiM, jo abhyAsiyoM ke liye rasaprada hai / udAharaNArtha : __ mandira kI pradakSiNA (parikramA) ke parisara ko bhramI (bhramantI) (gujarAtI- 'bhamatI' kahate haiM / usake liye yahA 'bhavaMtiya' zabda (gA. 5269, pR. 481) kA prayoga milatA hai / dAdarA (sIDI) ke lie 'daddara' (gA, 4845, pR. 442) kA prayoga milatA hai / 'bharavaso' zabda 'bharosA' ke artha meM prApta hai (5851, pR. 534) 'khaDapphaDA' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai (gA. 5859, pR. 533) / 'piMDhArA' zabda hamAre yahA~ yaha prakArakI ThagajAti ke liye prayojAtA jAtA hai / usakA prayoga yahA~ 'piMDArA' rUpa se mila rahA hai (gA. 6679, pR. 609) / 'laDDu' zabda bhI hai, jo zAyada 'lADa' vAcaka hai (gA. 8083, pR. 737) / aise aura bhI aneka zabdaprayoga haiM, jo tajjJoM ke lie dhyAnAI haiN| ina sabhI zabdoM kI sUci banAkara, yaha lekha likhane se pahale, bhAyANI sAhaba ko bhejakara una se isakA vivaraNa pAne kA maiMne socA thA / kintu unake duHkhada nidhana se vaha bAta mana meM hI raha gaI / anya aura bhI rasaprada zodha- sAmagrI isa bRhatkAya kathAgnantha meM upalabdha ho sakatI hai| abhyAsiyoM use prakAza meM lAe aisI abhyrthnaa|