Bhasha Vivechan

Author(s): Shantibhai Acharya
Publisher: Gujarat Vidyapith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032055/1

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bhASAvivecana DaoN. zAMtibhAi AcArya sAdhidyAyAdhiva gUjarAta vidyApITha amadAvAda

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gUjarAta vidyApITha saMzAdhanANI graMthAvali pu. 6 bhASAvivecana che. zAntibhAI AcArya gUjarAta vidyApITha amadAvAda-380014

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kiMmata rU. 7-50 prAzaka rAmalAla DAyAlAla parIkha vyavasthApaka TrasTI gujarAta vidyApITha amadAvAda-3. . Y mudraka zAMtilAla harazrvana zAha vyavasthApaka TrasTI navavana presa amadAvAda-380014 chuM gujarAta vidyApITha, 1973 prathama AvRtti, 1973, prata 1,000 jona, 1973

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prakAzakanuM nivedana DaoN. zAntibhAInI "bhASAvivecana' pustikAne AvakAratAM huM AnaMda anubhavuM chuM. bhASA aMgenAM vidhavidha prakAranAM kAryono bhAIzrI zAntibhAIne ThIkaThIka anubhava che. vidyApIThamAM temaNe gujarAtI bhASAnA "sArtha gujarAtI joDaNIkoza'nA saMpAdanakAryamAM upayogI kAma karyuM che. tema ja kacchI ane gujarAtanI bhIlI ane codharI AdivAsI bhASAonA kozo paNa taiyAra kya che. A uparAMta bhASA viSe vividha sAmayikomAM temanA lekho AvatA rahyA che. gujarAtamAM bhASAzAstrano viSaya hajI pUrato kheDAyo nathI. tethI je kaMI upalabdha sAhitya che temAM zAntibhAIno A lekhasaMgraha mahattvano banI raheze. gujarAtanA bhASAzAstranA abhyAsIone tathA anya vAcakone bhASAnuM hArda samajavAmAM A pustikA upayogI thaze tevI AzA che. gujarAta yunivarsiTInA bhASAvijJAnanA prAdhyApaka DaoN. bhAyANIe AvakAranA bola lakhI ApyA che te mATe temano AbhAra mAnuM chuM. rAmalAla parIkha

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anukramaNikA prakAzakanuM nivedana AvakAra pustaka vize liMgvisTikasa enDa iMgliza leMgvaja-TiciMga bhASAvijJAna bhAga 1 (siddhAMta nikSaNa) bhASA ane saMskRti baporanA zArIva chatAM AsvAdya graMtha bhASA ane vijJAnane samanvita gujarAtI graMtha kacchI zabdAvali eka adhyayananuM adhyayana

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AvakAra DaoN. zAMtibhAI AcAryanA A lekho Ama to avalokana ke carcAnA svarUpamAM che, paNa temAM viSayanA sAMgopAMga ane jhINavaTabharyA abhyAsanI dRSTi saheje tarI Ave che. pratipAdya viSayanA mahattvanA muddAonuM teo mULane anusarIne vyavasthita tAraNa Ape che, ane te muddA onuM mahattva zA kAraNe che te darzAvIne samagrapaNe mUlyAMkana kare che. temanI zailI custapaNe vastulakSI hovA chatAM, avAranavAra teo TADhA kaTAkSano paNa sacoTa upayoga karI zake che. arvAcIna bhASAvijJAnamAM ApaNe tyAM ke ApaNI AsapAsa thatA rahetA thoDA thoDA kAryanuM paNa A rItanuM samajadAra ane jAgrata vivecana ghaNuM Avazyaka ane upayogI che. A viSayamAM ahIM taddana gaNyAgAMThayA kAryakaro hovAthI, ApaNe evo Agraha jarUra rAkhIe ke DaoN. AcArya temanI A pravRttine vadhu vyApaka svarUpa Ape ane hiMdI, aMgrejI vagere bhASAmAM prasiddha thatA graMthonI paNa abhyAsapUrNa samIkSAo ApatA rahe. amadAvAda, harivallabha bhAyANI tA. 19-1-'73

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pustaka viSe ahIM, 1965thI Aja sudhImAM koI ne koI sAmayikamAM chapAI cUkelA lekhomAMthI bhASAnA hArdane samajavAmAM je upayogI thAya tevA lAgyA che te rajU karavAmAM AvyA che. lekhonI goThavaNI kALakrame nathI karI. goThavaNImAM-bhASAvicAra, gujarAtI, marAThI ane kacchI bhASA; e pramANe krama rAkhyo che. Ama hovAthI liMgvisTikasa eNnDa IMgliza leMgaveja-TiciMgane kramamAM prathama rAkhela che. tyAra bAda gujarAtI bhASAnA bhASAzAstranA be graMtho "bhASAvijJAna bhAga 1lo' ane 'gujarAtI bhASAnuM dhvanisvarUpa ane dhvaniparivartana" viSe vAta karI che. A pachIthI paDozanI bhASA marAThImAM A viSayamAM uttama gaNAya che tevA be graMthone jevA-samajavAno prayatna karyo che. ane chelle "kacchI zabdAvali : eka adhyayananuM adhyayana" lekha mUkyo che. AmAMno prathama lekha "saMskRti' phebruArI 1966mAM, bIjo "kSitija' jAnyuArI 1965mAM, te pachInA traNa lekho "graMtha'nA anakame jAnyuArI ane me 1967- tathA oNgasTa 1998nA aMkomAM prasiddha thayA hatA. chello lekha e "kacchI zabdAvali' para 1972 menA "svAdhyAyamAM je vivecana thayuM tenA uttararUpe "vidyApITha' sapTembara-eNkaTobara 1972mAM pragaTa thayelo che. ahIM A badhAM ja sAmayikonA taMtrI mahAzayo pratye AbhAranI lAgaNI pragaTa karuM chuM. ahIM A badhA lekho jevA chapAyA che tevA ja mUkavAmAM AvyA che (alabatta, chApabhUlo sudhArIne). DaoN. bhAyANIe A lekho viSe je kaMI kahyuM che tethI kAma karavAnuM mana vadhe tevuM che. teo pratye sAbhAra Adara pragaTa karuM chuM. kulanAyakazrI rAmalAlabhAIe A pragaTa karavAnI suvidhA karI ApI te mATe teozrIno paNa AbhArI chuM. zAntibhAI AcArya

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liMgvisTikasa eNnDa iMgliza leMgveja-TiciMga Dekkana kaoNlejamAM cAlatA bhASAvijJAnanA ucca abhyAsa aMgenA kendra taraphathI 1964nA oNkaTobaranI 16mI ane 17mI tArIkhoe aMgrejInA zikSako, bhASAvijJAnIo ane zikSaNanA --khAsa karIne mAdhyamika zikSaNanA -- niSNAtono eka seminAra yojAyo hato. A seminAranI dhvanimudrita karelI kAryavAhIne DaoN. paMDite A pustikAmAM saMpAdita karI che. kula 148 pAnanI A pustikAmAM, ApaNA dezamAM mAdhyamika kakSAe aMgrejI zikSaNanA kevA kevA prazno che tenI vigato ApaNane adhikArIvarga taraphathI prApta thAya che. seminAranA saMcAlakane seminArano hetu bahu spaSTa che. te jaNAve che : 'bhASAnA zikSako ane bhASAvijJAnIo thoDA vakhatathI rastAnI eka ja bAju para joDAjoDa cAlatA rahyA che; have teoe ApasaApasamAM vAto karavAno samaya paNa pAkI gayo che.' pra. pu. 16. ApaNe tyAM hajI bahudhA, bhASAvijJAna pratye kutUhalanI lAgaNI pravarte che. A viSayanAM kevAM pradAno che te tarapha jovAnI vRtti hajI gaMbhIra banI nathI. bIjA pakSe joIe to bhASAvijJAnI pote paNa siddhAMtacarcAthI AgaLa AvIne potAnI tAravaNIono vyApaka upayoga nirdevA utsuka nathI. AvA vakhate saMpAdake jaNAvyuM che te mujaba bhASA sAthe A rItanI nisbata dharAvanArA varganA sahacArano samaya pAkI gayo che. AvA sahacArano prAraMbha A seminArathI thAya che te arthamAM A eka vizeSa prakArano seminAra banI rahe che. pustikAnA saMpAdake seminAramAM bhAga lenArA lagabhaga 90 jeTalAM bhAIbahenonI carcAnA sArAMzane A pustikAthI sulabha karI Apyo che. aMgrejI bhASAnA zikSaNamAM sTrakacarala eproca : mAdhyamika kakSAe A abhigamathI aMgrejI zIkhavavAthI phAyado thAya che evI aMgrejInA zikSako taraphathI rajUAta thaI. vaLI A kakSAe Essential English bhaNAvavuM joIe tevo mata paNa te vargano thayo. AvA aMgrejInI, tavidonA jaNAvyA pramANe, 275 mULabhUta peTarna che, je bhASAnA sTrakacarane sUcave che. Ama Essential English zIkhavavAmAM A abhigama khUba phAyadAkAraka jaNAya che A viSe bhASAvijJAnIoe bhASAmAM je sTrakacarano vibhAva che tene spaSTa karI batAvyo hato. sTrakacaranI pAchaLa kansTrakazanano bhAva paDelo che ane kansTrakazananA pAyAmAM imiDiyeTa kaeNAnsTiTayUanTa che te vAta A varSe samajAvI hatI. A badhA vibhAvo bhASA zIkhavanAranA manamAM spaSTa thAya to baMne vargA arasaparasanA jJAnamAM pUraka thaI zake A abhigamano eka bIjo paNa phAyado che. koI paNa bIjI bhASA zIkhavavAmAM Ave che tyAre mAtRbhASAnI je khAsiyato hoya che te zIkhavAnI bhASAmAM UtaratI hoya che. paraMtu * saMpAdaka : pI. khI. paMDita, prakA : Tekakana kaeNoNleja, pUnA rUA. 8,00

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A abhigama mujaba bhASA zIkhavAya tyAre sTrakacarsanI yAdI ane teno krama sArI rIte niyata karelAM hovAthI AvI khAsiyato UtaravAmAMthI bacI zakAya che. ahIM prazna e thayo ke zikSakoe bhASA aMgenI ahIM kahevAI te badhI vibhAvanAo jANavI jarUrI kharI? AnI chaNAvaTa karIne DaoN. loTe (Lott) kahyuM : jApAnamAM sTrakacarala methaDano prayoga thaI gayelo che; . . . ApaNI pAse Aje je kaMI che tenA karatAM te sArI mAlUma paDI che. ApaNane jo svIkArya hoya to mane lAge che ke ApaNe bhASAvijJAnanA siddhAMto to jovA ja joIe.' pR. 25. paraMtu bhASAzAstrIonA varga taraphathI kahevAmAM AvyuM ke A badhI ja vibhAvanAothI badhA zikSakoe vAkepha rahevA karatAM jeo teachers teachers che teo mAhitagAra rahe to A abhigama viSe, te zuSka ane kaMTALAbharyo che tevI pahelAM dalIla thayelI tenuM nirAkaraNa paNa thaI zake. paraMtu pachIthI zikSakonA varga taraphathI kahevAyuM hatuM ke A zuSkatA vagerenuM kAraNa e abhigama nathI paraMtu pAThayapustako che. pAThayapustako evI rIte taiyAra thayelAM hoya che ke jethI kaMTALo AvyA vinA rahe ja nahIM. A pachIthI aMgrejInA bhASAzikSaNamAM bhinna bhinna abhigama ane paddhatio para prayogo karavAne badale koI eka para ghaniSTa rIte kAma karavuM joIe tevI rajUAta thaI hatI. uccAraNa: bhASAnA zikSaNamAM prAraMbha ja kharekhara to uccAraNathI thAya che. Ano ahIM be rIte vicAra karavo joIe tevI rajUAta thaI hatI; eka to aMgrejI uccAraNa aMge kahyuM dhoraNa rAkhavuM te ane bIjuM vargamAM te aMge zuM karI zakAya te. AmAMnI pahelI vAtanI bAbatamAM ema jaNAvAyuM hatuM ke ApaNe tyAM aMgreje kare tevuM uccAraNa karAvavAnuM valaNa rAkhavuM nahIM joIe. je uccAraNa thAya te AkhA dezamAM samajI zakAya tevuM hoya eTaluM pUratuM che. paraMtu A karavA mATe zikSakone tAlImakaoNlejomAM tAlIma ApavI joIe. A mATe, zikSakone mAtRbhASAmAM na hoya tevA, mAtRbhASAthI judA paDatA hoya tevA ane mAtRbhASAmAM hoya che tene maLatA hoya evA je aMgrejInA svara-vyaMjano hoya tene oLakhI zake teTalI kSamatA ApavI joIe. ane teno upayoga kyAM karavo te paNa zIkhavavuM joIe. jo zikSakanuM uccAraNa ThIka ThIka sarakhuM haze to aMgrejInA uccAraNa aMgenI ghaNIbadhI musIbata ochI thaI jaze. uccAraNazikSaNamAM bIjo mahatvano e muddo rahelo che ke pAThayapustaka moTethI vAMcIne kadI uccAraNanuM jJAna nahIM ApavuM joIe. Ama karavAmAM ApaNe je lekhita zabdo che tenuM rUpAMtara dhvanimAM karIe chIe. A prakriyA, A rIte thaI zake teTalI sahelI nathI. eTale uccAraNa to bolIne ja zIkhavavuM joIe. je uccAraNa zIkhavavAmAM Ave te Adata banI jAya tevuM karI ApavuM joIe. anya bhASA zIkhanArane mAtRbhASAnI Adato khUba asarakartA thatI hoya che. A asara jema uccAraNa paratve thatI hoya che tema ja sAMbhaLavAmAM paNa bane che. dA.ta. aMgrejI ane hiMdI e baMne bhASAnI rIti (system) judI hovAnA kAraNe jyAre hiMdIbhASaka I have a curl ema bolaze tyAre aMgrejIbhASakane A vAkaya I have a girl saMbhaLAvAno saMbhava che. AnuM

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kAraNa e che ke aMgrejIbhASakane AdisthAnano alpaprANa aghoSa sparza, (Adi alpaprANa) ghoSa sparzathI judo sAMbhaLavAnuM muzkela che kema ke aMgrejI bhASAnI rItimAM A bhedaka nathI. AvAM binduo tarapha khAsa dhyAna ApavuM joIe. keTalIkavAra, zIkhavAnI bhASA sAthenuM mAtRbhASAnuM sarakhApaNuM zIkhavAmAM madadarUpa thAya che tema manAtuM hoya che. paraMtu kharI vAta to e che ke taphAvato karatAM aradhuMparadhuM sarakhApaNuM ja ghaNI vAra prazno pedA karanAra nIvaDe che. AvA vakhate interference no abhyAsa khUba madadakartA nIvaDe che. mAtRbhASAnA dhvaninI sAthe, zIkhavAnI bhASAno dhvani jyAre vadhAre samAna jevo haze tyAre zIkhanAra prastuta dhvanine badale potAnI mAtRbhASAno dhvani ja, sAmAnyatayA, uccAraze. u.ta. hiMdIbhASakane mana v ane wno dhvanighaTakAtmaka bheda nathI. jyAre aMgrejI bhASakane A bheda ghaTakAtmaka che. AvA vakhate hiMdIbhASakane, aMgrejInI vest ane west tathA veil ane will jevI ghaTakAtmaka bhedavALI joDIonA AdivarNanuM uccAraNa ekasarakhuM ja saMbhaLAvAnuM. ahIM interferenceno abhyAsa khuba madadarUpa nIvaDe. A uparAMta navuM uccAraNa zIkhavAmAM samagra ukti para dhyAna ApavuM joIe. AmAM baMne bhASAonA upaghaTakone tapAsIne zIkhavavAno yogya krama karI nAMkhyo hoya to zIkhavAmAM madada maLe che. ATalI uccAraNa viSenI carcA pachI ApaNe tyAM ApaNA dezabhAIo samajI zake tevuM uccAraNa zIkhavavuM joIe tevI rajUAta thaI hatI. ApaNe briTiza uccAraNamAM javAnI jarUra nathI. ane zikSakanuM uccAraNa ThIka ThIka sAruM haze to bALakone te meLavavuM muzkela nahIM bane. eTale zikSakane sAmAnya uccAraNo vize ApaNe jAgrata karI zakIe to te pUratuM che. bAkI to We cannot make a person a good teacher. vyAkaraNa: bhASAzikSaNamAM jyAre Ayojana thatuM hoya tyAre bhASAvijJAnI khUba ja madadakartA thaI zake che, paraMtu varganA rojiMdA kAryamAM te bahu ochI madada karI zake che. bhASAvijJAnIonA varga taraphathI A vAta spaSTa karAI hatI. temanA ja zabdo vaDe joIe to He is concerned with what goes on in the kitchen rather than with what is being served on the table. A pachI zikSaka adhyApakanA vargo aMgrejI zIkhavAmAM marAThI bALako kevI kevI bhUlo kare che tenAM udAharaNo TAMkayAM hatAM ane tyAra bAda A aMgenA upAyonI vicAraNA thaI hatI. ailed (Fluency){[44cylsd(Expression), la Comprehension (plegius) : A Tarmsa viSe ThIka ThIka spaSTatA thaI. ane pachIthI mAdhyamika ane te pachInA zikSaNanA tabakkAe vidyArthI pAse keTalI apekSA rAkhavI joIe te aMge vicAraNA thaI. vaLI mAdhyamika kakSA pasAra karIne Avato vidyArthI 2500 zabdo ane 250 structures jANato hoya che tevuM apekSita hoya che. paraMtu tapAsatAM jaNAya che ke Avo vidyArthI mAMDa 1000 zabdo ane 150 structures jANato hoya che. jo Ama ja hoya to te zuM abhivyakata karI zakavAno bhA. 2

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che? eTale jANakArInuM jeTaluM pramANa tadvidoe nakkI karyuM che teTaluM pramANa vidyArthImAM na hoya to pUruM pADavuM joIe. AmAM zIdhratA (Fluency) vize vizeSa vicAra thayo hato. zikSaNazAstrIonA vargo jaNAvyuM hatuM ke zIdhratAnuM mahatva deze deze juduM hoya che. u.ta. bhAratamAM pleTaphorma para bolavuM te status symbol gaNAya che paraMtu IMgleMDa ane amerikAmAM tevuM nathI. AthI svAbhAvika rIte ja, deze deze, bhASAmAM zIdhratA vize bhinna mata hovAnA. AthI A varSe to kahyuM : bhASAnA zabdo vagere mukhamAMthI bahAra paDe te pahelAM vicAra karavA thobhavuM na paDe tevI jAtano bhASAno upayoga e ja zIdhratA (Fluency)', pR. 67. A pachIthI bhASAmAM fluency nathI AvatI tenAM kAraNonI paNa carcA thaI hatI. ane Akhare bhASAmAM to jema jema prekiTasa vadhe tema tema vadhAre kaMTrola Ave te vAta fluencynA anusaMdhAnamAM svIkAravAnI rajUAta thaI hatI. pAThyapustako: moTA vargomAM pAThayapustakonuM sthAna khUba mahattvanuM che. pAThayapustako gokhIne pAsa thanAra vidyArthIono ghaNo moTo varga che. AmAM pAThayapustakanuM tattva marI jAya che. pAThayapustaka to vidyArthI je vicAro zIkhyA che tenI practice ApavA mATe che. A pachI pAThayapustaka kevuM hovuM joIe te vize khUba chaNAvaTa thaI hatI. aMgrejInAM pAThayapustakomAM vidyArthIo potAnA aMgejIno kyAM upayoga karavAnA che te vAtanuM paNa dhyAna rakhAvuM joIe. A aMge haidarAbAda insTiTayUTamAM je kaMI prayogo cAle che tenI mAhitI apAI hatI. te rIte bIje paNa kArya thAya to keTalIka saraLatA thavAno saMbhava rahelo che. kasoTIo : pAThayapustakonA prazna pachI vidyArthIonI kasoTIno prazna carcAyo hato. ApaNe kasoTI karIe tyAre maukhika parIkSAne keTaluM vajana ApavuM, mAtRbhASA ane anya bhASAnI kasoTI vacce zo bheda karavo vagere jevI carcAo thaI hatI. lekhita kasoTImAM ApaNe DikaTezana lakhAvIe chIe tyAre kharekhara ApaNe zAnI kasoTI karIe chIe? joDaNInI, akSaranI ke grahaNazakitanI? ziNakSazAstrIonA varga taraphathI Ano uttara e hato ke vidyArthIe je sAMbhaLyuM che tene anUdita karIne mUkavAnI zakitanI." bAkI joDaNI mATe to DikaTezana e bhAre vicitra rIta gaNAya. A pachIthI S.S.C.nI parIkSAmAMthI nibaMdha pUchavAnuM kADhI nAMkhavuM joIe tevo mata paNa rajU thayo hato. bhASA ane sAhityanuM zikSaNa-joDANa : aMgrejIbhASA zIkhavavAnI jarUra che eTalA mATe practical Englishno vicAra karavo joIe. ApaNane aMgrejI sAMbhaLavAnI bahu taka maLatI nathI eTale structurenI exercisethI AmAM madada maLe. AvA vakhate sAhitya madadarUpa thAya che. navalakathA vagere vAMcavAthI structureno paricaya thAya ane paricaya vadhatAM vidyArthI te structureno upayoga zarU karI de. AthI zIkhanAranI pragati cAlu rahe tevuM sAhitya ApatA rahevuM joIe.

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11 ahIM eka e prazna Ubho thayo ke bhASA zIkhavavAnI AkhI vAta 'teacher centered che. vidyArthInI bhASA zIkhavAnI icchA, je pAyAnI vastu gaNAvI joIe te bhUlI javAI che. ApaNe e jovuM joIe ke 'game tevo sAro kheDUta paNa kharAbAmAM muThThI phATe evo bAjaro karI zake nahIM.' pR. 105. Ama A vAtanuM paNa bhASAzikSaNamAM dhyAna rakhAvuM joIe. A rIte joIe to bhASA ane sAhityanA zikSaNane juduM pADI zakAya tema nathI. paraMtu eka vyavasthA khAtara ema kahI zakAya ke S.S.C. kakSA sudhImAM 2500nuM zabdabhaMDoLa ane 250 structuresnuM jJAna te bhASAzikSaNa. ane je aMgrejIthI atyAra sudhI vidyArthI TevAyo nathI teno paricaya te sAhityazikSaNa. A baMne vacce je khAI hoya te pUravI joIe. A khAI pUravAmAM bhASAvijJAnI, bhASAzikSakane ghaNo madadarUpa thaI zake. Aje loko parts of problems karatAM aspects of problems para bolatA thayA che. vIsamI sadIno A vicAra vaLAMkano palaTo gaNAya. A palaTo darzAvanAra zabdonI yAdIo banAvI ApIne bhASAvijJAnI bhASAzikSaNamAM potAno phALo ApI zake. AvI yAdIo frequency para maMDAyelI yAdIo karatAM vizeSa upayogI nIvaDaze. mAtra yAMtrika gaNatarI ApaNo hetu siddha nahIM karI zake. evo pUro saMbhava che ke keTalAka zabdo vizeSa frequent nahIM hoya tema chatAM zarUAtanA dhoraNothI ja zIkhavavAnI jarUra paDe tevA haze. AvA zabdonI yAdI, zikSaka ane manovijJAnanI madada laIne bhASAvijJAnI pUrI pADI zake. ApaNe Aje jarUra che te competence of EnglishnI. aMgrejInA zikSakanI bhASAnA zikSaka karatAM A arthamAM vizeSa javAbadArI che. ahIM kahevAyuM che tema 'He is a teacher of basic tools of thinking which is not very often realised'. P. 109. ApachIthI zikSakonI tAlImanA progrAma calAvatI saMsthAonA zikSaNazAstrIoe saMsthAnI tAlImayojanA vistArathI samajAvI hatI. ane tyAM je rIte zikSaNanA prayogo cAle che tenI mAhitI ApI hatI. Ama traNe varganAM dRSTikoNathI jovAyelo--carcAyelo A seminAra; 'jyAre pratyakSa kArya karanAra ane zAstravida bhegA thAya che tyAre mAtra pratyakSa kArya karanArane ja phAyado thAya che tevuM nathI; zAstravida paNa AthI kaMIka meLavato hoya che.' saMcAlakanA A vAkayathI pUro thayo hato. Ama A pustikAmAM mAdhyamika kakSAe aMgrejInA zikSaNanA vividha pAsAMonI carcA maLe che. A carcAmAMthI joI zakAya che tema ApaNe A vize hajI ghaNu badhuM karavAnuM che. Aje je kaMI thAya che te to hajI prAyogika dazAnuM ja gaNAya. Ama hovAthI A aMge svAbhAvika rIte ja, kazuM AkharI kahI zakAya nahIM. paraMtu zAstra AvA prayogo dvArA ja AgaLa vadhatuM hoya che. ApaNe paNa trial ane error dvArA AmAMthI mArga kADhI zakIzuM. A pustikAe mArga kADhavAno prAraMbha to karI Apyo che ja,

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bhASAvijJAna bhAga 1 [siddhAMtanirUpaNa prastuta pustakanA mukhapRSTha para 'bhASAvijJAna ane temAMya "siddhAMtanirUpaNa" jevAM abhidhAna joIne saMkoca sAthe vAMcavAnI hAma dharI kema ke koI paNa vijJAnanI saiddhAMtika carcA samajavA mATe je te viSayanI ThIka ThIka evI prAthamika samaja jarUrI hoya che. A viSayano vidyArthI hovAne kAraNe meM katine sArthAta be vAra vAMcI joI. tyAra bAda vicAra karatAM jaNAyuM ke kRtimAM varNavAyelo viSaya jo "bhASAvijJAna hoya to amAre kabUlavuM joIe ke viSayane samajavA mATe zIkheluM bhUlIne ja prAraMbha karavo joIe. AvA prAraMbha mATe A pustaka anivArya banI rahetuM amane jaNAya che. A pustakamAM nirUpAyelA siddhAMtonI carcAmAM jatAM pahelAM amAre eTaluM jarUra kahevuM joIe ke ahIM bAnI eTalI saraLa rIte prayojAI che ke jethI vijJAnano bhAra nathI lAgato eTaluM ja nahIM paraMtu kRtine sAdya ta vAMcyA pachI to navalakathAno AnaMda prApta thato jaNAya che. evAM rasasthAnone ApaNe je te sthaLe jovAnuM rAkhIne kRtinA aMtaraMgane tapAsIe. aMtaraMgane jotAM pUrve tenA bahiraMga tarapha najara karatAM jaNAya che ke kula pRSTha 492+ aMdaranuM mukhapRSTha ane prastAvanAmAM naMbara nahIM ApelAM cAra pAnane umerIe to kula pRSThasaMkhyA 496nI thAya che. bIjI rIte kahIe to pustakamAM 11 prakaraNono patharATa che. ATalI spaSTatA pachI ApaNe have aMtaraMgane joIe. bhASAvijJAna" nAmaka prathama prakaraNamAM bhASAnuM mahattva tathA teno anya vijJAna sAtheno saMbaMdha vagerenI carcA jovA maLe che. A aMge Aje je kaMI upalabdha che te badhuM to vAMcavuM zakya na hoya to paNa je kaMI vAMcyuM hoya tene samajaNapUrvaka mUkavuM e, amArI dhAraNA che ke, koI paNa zAstramAM apekSita hoya che. ahIM evuM banyuM nathI ema amAre sakheda kahevAnuM thAya che. nIcenAM, lekhakanAM ja, udAharaNo tenI zAkharUpa che. mAnava ane prANIonA dhvanisaMketanA svarUpano taphAvata darzAvatAM lekhaka kahe che ke mAnava dhvaniyaMtra prANIo karatAM anaMtagaNuM samRddha hoI aneka dhvanio kADhI zakavA samartha che." (pR. 1-2) ahIM dhvaniyaMtra eTale zuM te samajAvyA pUrve ja Ama kahevAyuM che te ghaTanAne bAda karIne joIe to paNa "mAnava dhvaniyaMtra prANIo karatAM anaMtagaNuM samRddha' e vAkya yathArtha nathI. sarakhAmaNI ne taphAvata prANI sAthe nahIM paNa prANInA dhvaniyaMtra sAthe hovAM ghaTe che. pR. 2 paranI phUTanoTamAM lakhyuM che ke gujarAtImAM paNa keTalIka vAra jarAsarakhA dhvaniparivartanathI bolanAra arthamAM parivartana sAdhI zake che e suvidita che. u.ta. goLa" (saMvRtta o) ane goLa" (vivRtta "o).' * lekhaka kAntilAla ba. vyAsaprakA ena. ema. tripAThI prAIveTa limi. muMbaI (1965) ki.rU. 9-0

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13 amAro namra mata evo che ke A 'jarAsarakhuM" lekhakanuM dhvani parivartana e "dhvanighaTakanuM parivartana che. bhASAzAstramAM je prAraMbhanI keTalIka mULabhUta vibhAvanAo (fundamental concepts) che temAMnI "dhvanighaTaka te eka che. eTale bhASAvijJAnanI jo prAthamika paNa samaja hoya to AvuM vidhAna thavAno saMbhava raheto nathI. lekhaka bhASAnI vAta karatAM kahe che : "mAnavasaMskRtinI e sauthI purAtana vastu che." ane pachI taratanadhei che : "eno uddabhava mAnavajAtimAM dharma ke kalAnA udbhava karatAM ghaNo vadhAre prAcIna che.' (pR. 3) prathama vAkyamAM jo sauthI purAtana vastu gaNI hoya to pachI A bIjA vAkyano zo artha rahe che? AvI zithilatAonI to pustakamAM gaNatarI thaI zake tema nathI. bhASAnI vyAkhyAne samajAvavA mATe lekhake tavidonI vyAkhyAonA anuvAdo dvArA prayatna karyo che. paraMtu mULa vAtane samajyA nahIM hovAnA kAraNe e potAnI maulika vyAkhyA banI jatI jaNAya che. u.ta. VendryesnI "a system of signs' vyAkhyA che tene lekhake "vicAra vyakata karato saMketono samUha te bhASA" (pR. 3) ema samajAvela che. AmAM "system" e mahattvano zabda che tene ja lekhaka samajyA nahIM hoI, tenA potAnA anuvAdathI mULa lekhakane paNa sAthe saMDovyA che! bhASA "vyavasthA" che, mAtra "saMketono samUha nathI e mukhya vastu lekhake gALI nAMkhI che. A uparAMta 5.4 para "osTreliyAnA keTalAka AdivAsIonI bhASA IMgito (ceSTAo) nI sahAyatA vinA spaSTa rIte grahaNa karI zakAtI nathI. e Akho pariccheda zrI sakasenAnA sAmAnya bhASAvijJAna no havAlo nAMkhIne noMdhavAmAM Avyo che. jo lekhaka bhASAnI vyAkhyAne barAbara samajyA hota to "bAbAvAkaya pramANama" mAnIne cAlyA na hota. pachIthI pR. 5 para naukAsainya ke skAuTadalanI dhajAonA saMdezAone eka prakAranA dhvanionAM "pratIko' kahyAM che. pachIthI nIcenA ja perAmAM "pratIko ke saMketo" evo prayoga kare che. arthAt "pratIko' ane 'saMketo" e baMne vacce lekhakane kaMI bheda nathI, eTaluM ja nahIM paraMtu pratIka' kone kahevAya ane saMketa' kone kahevAya tenI samajaNa paNa temaNe ApI nathI. bhASAnI vyAkhyA aMgenI ATalI vAta parathI spaSTa jaNAya che ke lekhake samajAvela vyAkhyA apUrNa ane anyoe ApelI vyAkhyAonA samajaNa vagaranA anuvAdo hovA uparAMta vyAkhyAnuM je tattva che teno paNa kyAMye temAM sparza hoya tevI lAgatI nathI. vyAkhyA samajAvyA pachI lekhaka A vijJAnano anya vijJAno sAtheno saMbaMdha darzAvavA vyAkhyAnI rItie ja prayatna kare che. u.ta. blamaphiDe 'Language'mAM bhASAne Psychological approach vaDe paNa samajAvela che. teno anuvAda lekhake ahIM ApIne Psychology sAtheno saMbaMdha darzAvyo che. mULamAM lUmaphilve Jack and Jill ema puruSa ane strInAM nAmo lIdhAM che, mATe lekhake paNa 'eka puruSa ane eka strI sAthe cAlyAM jatAM hoya che tema kahyuM che. pachI vRkSa para sapharajana joIne strInA mukhamAMthI kAMIka' dhvanio nIkaLe che tema noMdhyuM che. ahIM kAMIka dhvaniono savAla nathI, "sapharajana lAvI Apa' e matalabanA "cokkasa dhvanionI lUmaphilve vAta karI che. jo koI paNa lekhakano anuvAda ja Apavo hoya to temanA zabdone yathAvata anUdita karavA joIe ane ApaNI vAtane samajAvavAmAM teno upayoga karavo hoya to

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14 temanI vAtanI samajaNa hovI joIe ema amAruM mAnavuM che. ahIM baMne vAtano goTALo mAlUma paDe che. ATalI mukhya mukhya vigato uparAMta evAM ghaNAM bIjAM vidhAno che jene samajavAM muzkela thaI paDe tema che. u.ta. 'bhASA manogata vicAranuM zrotragrAhya (ke dRSTigrAhya) AviSkaraNa che.' (pR. 5) 'mAnavazarIranAM je aMgo dhvani utpanna kare che te aMgonuM .. jJAna bhASAvaijJAnikone hovuM Avazyaka che.' (pR. 6) 'bhASAvaijJAnikanuM pradhAna lakSya bhASAnuM yathAtatha samyak adhyayana karavAnuM rahe che.' (pR. 12) Adi tenAM udAharaNo che. bIjA prakaraNamAM lekhake pazcimamAM ane ApaNe tyAM bhASA viSe vicAraNA karanAra mukhya mukhya vyakitaonI tapasIla ApI dIdhI che. A nAmonI sAthe ja kauMsamAM je te vyakitanI samaya tavArIkha ApI hovAnA kAraNe te te vyakitaonA samaya jANavA mATe te mAhitI upayogI gaNAya. sAthosAtha je te nAmonA gujarAtI paryAyo je rIte lakhavAmAM AvyA che tethI je te bhASAnAM yathAtatha uccAraNo lekhaka jANatA hoya tevo bhrama pedA karavAmAM Avyo hovAnuM jaNAya che. u.ta. pu. 17 para MaxmullermAMnA u ne 'yu'thI darzAvyo che jyAre Delbruk mAMnA 5 ne ''thI. A dRSTAMta uccAraNaviSayaka zAstrIyatAnA DoLanA sphoTa mATe pUratuM che. AvA vakhate gujarAtImAM ziSTamAnya hoya tevuM uccAraNa ApavuM hitAvaha che ema amAruM mAnavuM che. mAtra vicchittibharyuM uccAraNa noMdhavAthI 'yathAvata' noMdhyuM ema mAnIne cAlavAmAM jokhama raheluM che. u vaLI lekhaka jyAre aitihAsika dRSTie bhASAnI vAta kare che tyAre je je bhASAvidano ullekha thAya teno A prakAranAM kAryomAM je phALo hoya tenI noMdha levAI hota to mAhitI upayogI banI hota. gujarAtI bhASAnI aitihAsika bhUmikAnI vAta karatAM temaNe bhASAzAstranI sAthe joDAyelI lagabhaga badhI ja vyakitaono ullekha karyo che. paraMtu je arthamAM tadvido bhASAzAstrane oLakhe che te arthamAM gujarAtanA bhASAvida DaoN. paMDitano ullekha karatAM lekhaka kahe che : 'DaoN. paMDite karelI gujarAtI vivRtta svaro ane mahAprANa tattvanI samIkSA vicArapreraka che.' (pR. 23) IMDiyana lingvasTiksa'mAMnA DaoN. paMDitanA A prAraMbhanA lekho temanuM mukhya pradAna nathI. tyAra pachIthI temaNe lakhelA 'Language' nAmaka jagatanA A viSayanA eka uttama sAmayikamAMnA lekhane bAda karIne kahIe to paNa 'saMskRti'mAM AvelI lekhamALAne ya temanA mukhya pradAna tarIke noMdhI zakAI hota.* Ama noMdhaNI jevI sAdI bAbatamAM paNa ahIM uptodate vigata utArAI nathI. vaLI AgaLa lekhaka lakhe che ke 'DaoN. TI. ena. davenI paddhatie emaNe karelo bhIlI bolIono abhyAsa noMdhapAtra che.' (pR. 23) ahIM koI paddhatino savAla nathI. abhyAsanI zAstrIya rItino savAla che. prakaraNa trIjAmAM 'bhASAno udgama' zIrSaka heThaLa lekhake A prazna aMgenI mukhya mukhya vicAraNA gujarAtImAM mUkI ApI che. A vigato utAravAmAM lekhakano DrAma prazaMsanIya banI rahe che. kema ke bhASA aMge jene philosophic jijJAsA hoya temanA mATe ahIM judI judI A viSe pracalita theoriesnI carcA ekasAthe maLI Ave che. zailI paNa tene anurUpa banI che. A rahyo teno eka namUno : 'pakSIonAdhvanionuM anukaraNa karIne e pakSIone phAMsalAmAM phasAvato pustakarUpe gujarAtI bhASAnuM dhvanisvarUpa ane dhvaniparivartana' zIrthaMkathI gujarAta yunivarsiTIe I. sa. 1966mAM prakAzita karela che. ak

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15 ke siMhanI garjanAnA anukaraNathI bIjAM hiMsaka prANIone bhaDakAvI bhagADI mUkato. koI vakhate ene siMhano bheTo thaI jatAM e ghavAyo haze to enAM sAthIone enuM kAraNa batAvatAM eNe siMhanI garjanAnuM anukaraNa karyuM haze ema kalpI zakAya." (pR. 61) bhASAnA vikAsakramanI vAta karatAM kevI majAnI kalpanA lekhake rajU karI che! ame upara kahyuM che tema A badhI vicAraNA bhASA pratye jijJAsAvRtti hoya tene jarUra AkarSaka che, paraMtu AjanA bhASAzAstrIne mana AnuM kazuM mUlya nathI. lekhake pote ja udAhata karela be avataraNo A anusaMdhAne ahIM noMdhavA jevAM che. prakaraNanA prAraMbhapUrve mathALe mUkela VendryesmAMnA avataraNanuM paheluM ja vAkya "The problem of the origin of language is outside the jurisdiction of the linguist'(pR. 25) ane prakaraNanA aMte mUkelA A. SommerfeltnA paricchedamAMnuM "It is obvious that it is impossible to prove by evidence any theory of the origin of language." (pR. 63) A be udAharaNo A aMge basa che. lekhake A be udAharaNo noMdhyAM tenA karatAM te pramANe amala karyo hota to kevuM sAruM thAta! cothA prakaraNamAM "bhASAnA vikAsanI carcA thayelI che. bhASAnA sAtatya viSe lekhaka kahe che : "mAtApitA pAsethI bALako bhASA zIkhe che ane bALako moTAM thaye emanI pAsethI emanAM saMtAno bhASAgrahaNa kare che." (pR. 66) koI paNa vyakti mAtApitA pAsethI ja bhASA zIkhe che tema mAnavuM vadhAre paDatuM jaNAya che. bhASA e samagra samAjanI deNa che. eTale mAtApitA na hoya to vyakitane bhASA nahIM AvaDe tevuM nathI. eTale AvAM vidhAnonuM zAstramAM kazuM mUlya raheluM nathI. A pachIthI zarIracanAnI bhinnatA, bhaugolika vibhinnatA Adi jevAM bhASAvibhinnatAnAM kAraNone noMdhyAM che. jAtinI mAnasika avasthA anusAra bhASAbheda evuM kAraNa noMdhIne lakhe che ke koI jAti ke rASTranI mAnasika avasthA anusAra enI bhASAnuM svarUpa ghaDAya che. Ama, laherI phreMca lokonI bhASAnuM manohara lAlitya, ke AnaMdI kalApriya iTAliyanonI bhASAnuM kamanIya mAdhurya, vyavasthita, vaijJAnika, ciMtanapradhAna cittavRttivALA jarmanonI bhASAnuM sauSThava ane dRDhatA ke vyavahArapaTu paraMtu ataDA aMgrejonI sarvagrAhitA ane gaurava e lakSaNo te te prajAnI viziSTa prakRtimAMthI UtarI AvyAM che. A noMdhIne lekhaka jaNAve che ke ". . . paraMtu aMzata: sAcuM hoya to paNa A kevaLa svalakSI (subjective) darzana che." (pR. 69) bhASAno koI paNa vidyArthI, ame nathI mAnatA ke, bhASA aMge Ane "aMzata:" paNa sAcuM mAnato hoya! vaLI, bhASAparivartananI carcA karatAM lekhaka kahe che : "bhASAparivartananuM eka anya kAraNa bhAvodreka che. ane tyAra pachI AnAM dRSTAMtomAM saM. bhrAtR - prA. bhAI - guja. bhAIlo. (pR. 72) Ape che. lekhakane 'bhASAparivartanathI zuM abhipreta che te samajavuM muzkela che. paraMtu temaNe ApelAM udAharaNa parathI tene dhvaniparivartana" uddiSTa haze tema samajAya che. ane A sAcuM hoya to tenAM temaNe darzAvelAM kAraNomAM javAnI jarUra nathI, kema ke dhvaniparivartana, samAjanI pratyeka vyakti ekamekanI sAthe vAta karavA asamartha che. tethI, bhASAnI anivArya ghaTanA banI rahe che. amAre kahevuM joIe ke parivartananuM tattva lekhakanI samajamAM AvyuM nathI. dhvaniparivartananA prakAro lekhake samajIne mUkavAno prayatna karyo che. jo ke "samIkaraNane samajAvatAM lekhaka kahe che ke, ... be vibhinna dhvaniomAMthI dhvanipUrvavartI banI jAya che." (pR. 74) ane A ja ghaTanA vize e ja pRSTha para jaNAve che ke 'be vibhinna dhvaniomAMthI pUrvavartI varNa paravartI varNanI samAna banI jAya.' A vastune pa, 75 para to 'pAse pAse AvelA

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dhvani ke varNomAMthI . . .' ema kahe che tyAre lekhaka dhvani ane varNane samAnArthI gaNe che tenI zaMkA rahetI nathI. bhASAzAstrano vidyArthI A ekarUpatAne svIkAraze kharo? kevaLa pUrvApekSA(Anticipation alone)ne samajAvavAmAM lekhake vAparelI bhASA noMdhapAtra che. ahIM pUrvAzano lopa thayA vinA uttarAMze pUrvAzane AkrAnta karyo che." (pR. 76) e pachIthI lekhaka tenAM udAharaNo ApIne phUTanoTamAM lakhe che ke, ". . . nizAnIvALA bhASAprayogo . . . InTara ArTasanA vidyArthIonA ... uttarapatromAMthI ahIM namUnArUpe lIdhAM che.' (pR. 77) lekhakanuM A confusion pustakamAM TheraThera jovA maLe che. temane zAnI vAta karavI che te vize teo spaSTa nathI. jo spaSTa hota to temaNe A phUTanoTa mUkI na hota. bhASAnI vAtamAM lakhANanAM udAharaNo ApIne potAnI aspaSTatAno lekhake ahIM purAvo Apyo che! varNAgama ke upajana(Prothesis)nI vAta karatAM lekhaka kahe che : "zabdanA prAraMbhamAM koI kaThina dhvani ke saMyuktAkSara Avyo hoya che tyAre tenA uccAraNamAM sAmAnya bolanArane muzkelI paDe che. Ave vakhate AgaLa koI svarano upajana ke Agama (umero) thAya che.' (pR. 83) pachI AnAM udAharaNomAM pR. 84 para lekhake - aMgrejI skUla guja0 iskUla sTezana cha isTezana vagere noMdhela che. AmAM bhASAzAstranuM jene jJAna na hoya ane mAtra tarkazuddha rIte vicAra karI zakavAne samartha hoya temane paNa 'jo kaThina dhvani ke saMyuktAkSaranI muzkelI nivAravAne ja A svaranuM Agama thatuM hoya to svara umerAyA pachI paNa e kaThina ke saMyukta svara to rahyo ja che. u.ta. skUla-iskUla baMnemAM saMyukta svara to che ja. to pachI lekhakanI A dalIlamAM mAtra vArtAmAM jarUrI evA kutUhala sivAya tathya zuM rahe che? AvuM ja pR. 84 para svarabhakita vize paNa lakhAyuM che. A pachIthI sTarTaleMTe sAdRzyanA, potAnA bALakanA dRSTAMto ApyA che te noMdhIne lekhake paNa pR. 89-90 para potAnI putrInuM dRSTAMta ApyuM che. temAM bhASA karatAM sTarTaleMTanuM sAdRzya vizeSapaNe tarI AvatuM jaNAya che. sAdRzyanI ja vAtamAM pR. 92 para 'tyAM tuM zuM karo cho?" evuM kAThiyAvADI bolInuM rUpa nedha che. eka to kAThiyAvADI bolI kone kahevI tenI lekhake spaSTatA karI nathI. taduparAMta AvuM rUpa kayAM pracalita che te paNa jaNAvyuM nathI. 'tyAM tame zuM karo cho?" evuM rUpa jANItuM che. paraMtu lekhake nadheilA rUpanA vAparano vistAra darzAvAyo hota to abhyAsIone te mAhitI jarUra upayogI thaI hota kharI. pAMcamA prakaraNamAM lekhake dhvanivicAra' karyo che. vijJAnane badale koI kathAkRtino prAraMbha thato hoya tevI chaTAthI dhvanivicAranI vAta AraMbhAI che. pR. 106 paranuM 'svataMtrInI bAjaomAM prakaMpana thAya, tyAre e svarataMtrI samUho praspaMdita banIne vINAnA tAronI mAphaka paraspara sAthe TakarAIne raNajhaNI UThe che. AvI kAvyamaya zarUAta pachI lekhaka lakhe che ke "A ucchavAsa pachI pharynx (jIbha ane gaLAnA pAchaLanA bhAga vaccenI jagA)mAM thaIne mukhavivaramAM ke nAsikAvivaramAM praveze che. ucchavAsa baMnemAM paNa pravezI zake che tenI ame atre yAda ApIe chIe.

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17 dhvanine samajAvatAM lekhaka kahe che : '... paraMtu bhASAvijJAnIo mAnavamukhamAMthI dhvaniyaMtramAMthI nIkaLelA zabdane ja dhvani kahe che." (pR. 112) kayA bhASAzAstrIo Ama kahe che te vigata lekhake ApI hota to vidhAnanI cokasAI uparAMta A zAstranA abhyAsIone navI vAta jANyAno lAbha paNa maLyo hota! A pachIthI lekhake bhASAzAstranA mULamAM paDelI (Phonenne) dhvanigrAmanI vAta hAtha dharI che. A samajAvatAM lekhake lakhyuM che ke "aMgrejI bhASAmAMthI udAharaNo laIe to eka ja dhvaninA sthAnAMtare kevA uccArabheda thAya che tenI vizeSa spaSTatA thaze." (pR. 113) jo concept viSe manamAM spaSTatA hoya to zuM aMgrejI ke zuM gujarAtI, koI paNa bhASA vaDe spaSTatA thAya. vizeSa spaSTatA mATe aMgrejI ja jarUrI che tevuM amane lAgatuM nathI. hA, eTaluM kharuM ke aMgrejI pustakamAMnAM dRSTAMto (mahadaMze samajyA vagara) sIdhesIdhAM mUkI zakAya eTalI sagavaDa tenAthI jarUra pUrI paDI zake! lekhake bhASAzAstranI rUDha saMjJAo che teno paNa upayoga karyo che. PhonemeLe darzAvavAnI rIti tajajJomAM | | AvI be rekhAo vacamAM mUkavAnI che. ane dhvanine darzAvavA mATe [] AvA kauMsano upayoga thAya che. prastuta pustaka pR. 113 para noMdhe che : "chatAM dhvanigrAma (phoneme) eka ja, p [ k] ja che." arthAt Phoneme mATe ahIM A [] kausa vaparAyo che! A pachIthI draviDiyana bhASAnuM dRSTAMta ApIne to lekhake hada karI che. teo lakhe che : "drAviDI bhASAomAM, 3, 4, 6, mATe samAna lipisaMjJA che. (u.ta. likhita zabda kAtino uccAra thAya gAdhi). e bhASAomAM e sarva dhvaniono eka ja dhvanigrAma bane che ema gaNavuM joIe." (pR. 114) pahelI vAta to e che ke drAviDI bhASAomAM' samAna lipisaMjJAnI vAtane parIkathA gaNI zakAya. bhASAzAstraviSayaka pustakonI vAtane choDIne paNa draviDiyana gupanI mukhya cAra bhASAomAMthI koI paNa ekanA bhASakane pUchavAnI paNa jo takalIpha levAI hota to AvuM vidhAna mUkavAnI hAma bhiDAI na hota. tAmila sivAyanI anya traNe mukhya draviDiyana bhASAomAM lekhake varNavela cAre vargo mATe bhinna lipisaMjJA che. ame A mATe lekhakane jijJAsA hoya to I.sa. 1958nuM Our India prakAzananuM "The languages of India" pustaka joI javAnuM namra sUcana karIe chIe. vaLI A aMge lekhaka noMdhe che tevA uccAraNanA goTALA thavAno paNa saMbhava nathI. je bhASAonI vAta karI che tenuM ghora ajJAna ja AvAM vidhAno mATe javAbadAra gaNAya! pratyeka bhASAne potAnI AgavI rIti hoya che te vAta lekhaka cUkI jAya che. lekhake ja noMdhelI bhASAnI vAta karIe to tAmilamAM anunAsika pachI AvatA sparzo ane saMgharthIo saghoSa bane che ema kahI zakAya. AthI u.ta. | 'lAkaDI'nuM uccAraNa vui thAya. A rItinuM jo lekhake dhyAna rAkhyuM hota to tadna kaMvadattI utAravA prerAyA na hota ! A pachIthI lipimAM nahIM darzAvAtA A cAre 3, 4, 5, ghano eka ja dhvanigrAma bane che evI maulika zodha karIne lekhake dhvanigrAmanI vyAkhyA paNa ghaDI kADhI che! teo lakhe che, Ama eka ja dhvani ke samAnarUpanA dhvanionA samudAya jenuM e bhASAmAM samAna rIte pravartana thAya che (arthAt jenI vibhinnatAne kAraNe arthabheda thato na hoya) tene dhvanigrAma kahe che." (pR. 114) ane pachI (pR. 115) para umere che : "sArthaka dhvani mATe kevaLa eka ja saMketa hoya e dhvanigrAmanuM lAkSaNika tattva che." A lakhIne lekhake e ja pAna para lUmaphilDa, sTarTaleMTa ane bhA. 3

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18 Deniyala jonsanI phonemenI vyAkhyAo phUTanoTamAM noMdhI che. lekhake phoneme is a minimum distinctive sound-feature eTalI vAtane samajI lIdhI hota to saMketane dhvanigrAmanuM lAkSaNika tattva mAnavA prerAyA na hota. eka ja varNanA uccAraNamAM je je bhinnatA ane sAmAnya hoya che temAMthI bhinnatAnI upekSA karI sAmAnyano svIkAra A siddhAMtamAM thAya che. A vAtane lekhaka samajI zakayA hoya evuM amane lAgatuM nathI. kahevAnuM mana thAya che ke phUTanoTamAM traNa bhASAvidonI vyAkhyA na noMdhI hota to e mahAnubhAvo to AmAM saMDovAyA na hota ! pRSTha 115 para vijJAnavettAnI jema eka vyavasthA UbhI karIne jaNAve che ke "have pachI AvatA dhvanionA vivaraNamAM 'dhvani'zabda vaDe 'dhvanigrAma' samajavAno che." A vyavasthA karyA pachI nIcenA ja paricchedamAM lakhe che ke dhvani upara darzAvyA pramANe kauMsamAM lakhAya che.' ahIM 'dhvani'no artha 'dhvanigrAma' karavo? AvI ataMtratAnA AkaragraMtha jevuM A pustaka banyuM che. aneka jagyAe 'dhvani'ne pachIthI 'dhvani'nA ja arthamAM prayojela che. u.ta. pR. 117 para cAra vakhata 'dhvani' A ja arthamAM prayojAyo che. A vize vizeSa vigatamAM jaIne lekhaka pR. 115 upara kahe che : '. . . dhvanigrAma be trAMsI DhaLatI samAMtara lITIo vacce darzAvAya che.' A vyAkhyA pramANe to dhvanigrAmane / / A rIte paNa darzAvI zakAya. paraMtu bhASAvijJAnamAM Ama banatuM nathI. dhvanigrAmane // A rIte DAbA hAtha tarapha trAMsI DhaLatI lITImAM ja darzAvAya che. samagra pustakamAM AvI zithilatAo pratyenI bephikarAI prazaMsanIya bane tevI che tathA lekhakanI hiMmata pratye paNa A kAraNe mAna pedA thAya tevuM che! viziSTa dhvanikramanI vAta karatAM lekhaka kahe che : 'gujarAtI vyakSarI zabdomAM chello a-kAra bahudhA zAMta ke alpoccarita hoya che. (u.ta. ramat, zarat i.)' (pR. 119). pachIthI 121 pAna para lakhe che : 'guja. 'ramata' (uccAra 'ramat')mAM chello . . . vyaMjana svara vinA ja uccArAto saMbhaLAze.' mAtra be ja pAna pachIthI kevuM contradiction ! A pachIthI lekhake svaronuM pRthakkaraNa ApyuM che. te ApaNane zrI TI. ena. davenA 'gujarAtI bhASAmAM varNavyavasthA'nI yAda Ape che. u. ta. dRDhabaMdha ane zithilabaMdha, pUrvasvarapradhAna ane uttArasvarapradhAna vagere paribhASAmAM zrI daveno raNako saMbhaLAya che. gujarAtI svaro viSe lekhaka kahe che, UlaTuM --,-nAM A prakAranAM hrasva-dIrgha rUpo svaramAlAmAM aMkita che, je lekhanamAM ApaNe darzAvIe chIe; chatAM uccAraNamAM hrasvadIrdhano viveka ApaNe bhAgye ja jALavIe chIe.' (pR. 133). pachI uccAraNanI vAtamAM ja AgaLa pR. 145 52 ts ane d" viSe kahe che, 'AnAM nidarzano, bahudhA, ziSTarUpamAM maLatAM nathI; paNa ziSTa saMskAra vinAnI lokabolIomAM vizeSatayA maLe che.' (pR. 145). bhASAzAstrano AraMbhano vidyArthI paNa AvAM vidhAno kare nahIM. uccAraNo parathI lipi ghaDAya che, lipi pramANe uccAraNa karavAnuM nathI. lipinA janma pUrve ghaNA lAMbA kALathI 'bhASAnuM' astitva che eTalI sAdI samaja (bhASAzAstranI nahIM paNa mAtra tarkazuddha vicAraNAnI) paNa jo hoya to uparanuM vidhAna koI kare nahIM. vaLI bhASAzAstrIne mana bhASA ane bolI baMne samAna

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19 adhyayanaviSaya che. "ziSTa saMskAra vinAnI lokabolIo' jevA zabdasamUhano bhASAzAstrIne mana kazo ja artha nathI. uccAraNa aMge pRSTha 173 para lekhake kahyuM che ke ca nI bhASAvaijJAnika saMjJA "B" che. 2011 zitul bilabial unaspirated voiced stop 'b'all fricative Hizal a ald lekhaka I.P.A.no cArTa joIne paNa nakkI karI zakyA hota! prakaraNa chaThuM, lipivicAra' viSe che. mukhyatve David DiringernA "The Alphabet para te base thayeluM che. A prakaraNa svataMtra vicAra mAMgI le tevuM amane jaNAtAM ame ahIM tenI carcA choDIne AgaLa javAnuM ucita dhAryuM che. sAtamA prakaraNane padavicAra' nAmAbhidhAna ApeluM che. prAraMbhamAM ja bhASAvijJAnanI phoneme pachInI bIjI agatyanI Concept "mophima'nI lekhake vAta upADI che. mophimanI vyAkhyA ApatAM lekhaka kahe che bhinna bhinna arthatattvo vacce saMbaMdha darzAvanAra tattvone saMbaMdhatattva (Morpheme) kahe che." (pR. 258) jema pahelI concept viSe ame jaNAvyuM hatuM tevuM ja ahIM paNa amAre kahevAnuM che. mophimanuM tattva lekhaka samajyA nathI. enuM to pustakanA ATalAM pAna vAMcyA pachIthI bhASAvijJAnanA vidyArthIne Azcarya rahe tema nathI, paraMtu lakhANamAMnA anuvAdamAM eka consistency paNa jo jALavI zakAI hota to Akhare ema paNa mana vALI zakAyuM hota ke lekhaka pote to, pote lakheluM samajyA che! ApaNe upara joyuM tema saMbaMdhatattvanuM kausamAM morpheme lakheluM che. pRSTha 266 para lakhyuM che ke "ghaNA saMbaMdhatattvo (suffixes) joDavAmAM Ave che. ane pRSTha 300 para 'keTalAMka arthatattvo (morphemes)" ema lakhyuM che. Ama lekhakane mophima ane saphikSa vacce kazo ja bheda nathI! A bhedanI ja jyAM khabara na hoya te pAyA para AkhI carcA maMDAyelI hoya tenA vivecanamAM ApaNe paDavuM paNa kaI rIte? jAtinI carcA karatAM pR. 271 para lekhaka kahe che ke "zabdanI vyAkaraNAtmaka jAti (gramm atical gender)nI pAchaLa koI tarkabaddha kAraNa hotuM nathI." pR. 274 para lekhaka evA nirNaya para AvyA che ke "A udAharaNo uparathI jAtinirNayanI pAchaLa rahelI tArkika bhUmikA kalpI zakAya che. traNa pAnanA gALAmAM kevuM vicAraparivartana! kALa vize tathA jAti vize aneka dRSTAMto judA judA lekhakomAMthI ApyA pachIthI lekhaka tAratamya kADhe che ke A rIte bhASAonI kALavyavasthAmAM aneka sthaLe saMkulatA tema ja aspaSTatA najare paDe che." (pR. 279). keTalIye AryakulanI bhASAomAM nirjIva padArthomAM narajAti ke nArIjAtinuM AropaNa kareluM maLe che, je asvAbhAvika ane anAvazyaka che." (pR. 285). lekhake eka paNa bhASAzAstrIne samajavAno prayatna karyo hota to AvAM vidhAno na karyA hota. bhASAmAM temane je "aspaSTatA' lAgI che te mananI "aspaSTatAne sUcave che. bAkI bhASA je che tene bhASAzAstrIe batAvavAnI hoya che. potAnA manamAM niyata karelA niyamo bhASAne lagADavAnA hotA nathI. eTale temAM narajAti ke nArIjAtinuM nirjIva padArthomAM AropaNa hoya to te "aspaSTa ane anAvazyaka che tema kahevuM te bhASAzAstrInuM kAma nathI. e to je te bhASAnI racanAne sUcave che.

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20 AThamAM prakaraNamAM 'arthavicAra' karyo che. A vize phonemicsnI sarakhAmaNIe zAstrIya kArya bahu ochuM thayeluM hoI tenuM saiddhAMtika vivecana karavuM jarA kaparuM che. tema chatAM lekhake je "mULanA dhvanio yathAvata rAkhatAM bhASAmAM vyartha ADaMbara ane aparicitatA lAge che." ema 5. 114 para kahyuM che temAM ema pUchavAnuM mana thAya che ke "mULanA dhvanione "yathAvata rAkhI zakavA lekhaka samartha che kharA? bhASA e satata parivartanazIla che te vAta svIkArIne cAlIe to uparanA vidhAnano kazo artha raheto nathI. navamA prakaraNamAM thayelo vAkyavicAra e bhASAzAstrInI dRSTi karatAM bhASAnA ciMtakanI dRSTie thayelo vizeSa mAlUma paDe che. A viSe paNa ochuM kArya thayuM hoI tenI saiddhAMtika carcAmAM jaI zakAya tema nathI. A prakaraNane TUMkANamAM pUruM karavAmAM lekhake bhAre samajaNa batAvI che ema amAruM mAnavuM che. 'bhASAnuM ghaDatara" nAmaka dasamuM prakaraNa zarU karatAM lekhaka kahe che : "be vyaktio kadI paNa ekasarakhI rIte bolatI hotI nathI." (pR. 363) ahIM 'ekasarakhI rIte' eTale zuM te spaSTa karyuM hota to sAruM thAta. pR. 364 para apAyelI bolInI vyAkhyA A rahI : .. eka gAmanI bolI bIjA gAmanI bolI karatAM kaMIka aMze judI paDatI hoya che. topaNa, ekaMdara rIte jotAM ema kahI zakAya ke samagra gAmanI bolI eka ja che. pAse pAse vaselAM, paraspara roja-ba-roja ghaniSTa saMparkamAM rahelAM gAmonI bolI eka ja prakAranI hoya che. bhASAvaijJAniko ane bolI (dialect)nI saMjJA Ape che. AnI para kazI ja TikATippaNInI amane jarUra lAgatI nathI. lekhaka pote ja Ane vAMcaze to, temAM rahelI absurdity pahelI ja najare dekhAI Ave tevI hoI, AnA para vicAra karatA thaze evI amArI zraddhA che! pR. 364 paranuM "tAttvika rIte ema kahI zakAya ke samasta vizvanI bhASAonuM svarUpa ghaNe aMze samAna che...enuM dhvanitaMtra samAna, sAmAnya dhvaniniyamone anusaratuM hoya che... manuSyanI viziSTa zArIrika zaktio ane manovyApAromAMthI bhASAno udgama che." e vidhAna aMge paNa amAre upara kahyuM te ja pharIne noMdhavAnuM rahe che! bolInI vAta karatAM lekhaka kahe che : "gujarAta rAjyamAM jAmanagara Adi uttAra saurASTranA pradezamAM bhATiyA vagere komomAM bolAtI hAlAI (kacchIne maLatI) bolI have lagabhaga lupta thaI gaI che; AsapAsa vyApakapaNe bolAtI saurASTrI (uttara saurASTra) bolInA dhasArA sAme e TakI zakI nathI.ane hAlAI bhASAone ghaNA samaya sudhI likhitarUpa prApta notuM ethI enuM viziSTa vyaktitva, AMtarasattva khIlyuM nahIM hoya evuM anumAna thaI zake." (pR. 409-10) paheluM to eka ja paricchedamAM hAlAI bolI" ane hAlAI bhASAo" evA zabdaprayogo karelA che. Ano artha e thAya ke lekhake bhASA ane bolI vacce kazo ja bheda hoya tema mAnyuM nathI. bIjuM hAlAI bolI kevI hatI te vize kazI ja vAta karI nathI. saurASTrI bolI kone kahevI te paNa kayAMye carcA karI nathI. ane Akhare hAlAInuM AMtarasattva likhitarUpa prApta nahIM hovAnA kAraNe khIlyuM nahIM hoya tevuM anumAna karyuM che. zAstramAM koI paNa anumAna thAya tyAre te anumAna para AvavA mATenAM je kAraNo hoya te ahIM darzAvAyAM nathI. ane hAlAI kone kahevI te darzAvyA vinA ja tene lupta karI dIdhI che temAM aucitya jaLavAyuM hoya tema

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21 amane lAge che. kemake astitvane samajAvatAM pahelAM ja avasAnanI vAta karavAthI keTalo badho bhAra haLavo thaI jAya che! bolI vizenI AgaLa joI tevI ja sa-rasa vyAkhyA A rahI : 'pAse pAse vaselAM ane ekabIjAnA nitya saMparkamAM rahelAM gAmonI bolI sAmAnyatayA eka prakAranI hoya che. ene bolI (dialect) kahe che." pR. 369. Ano vistAra karatAM lekhaka kahe che ke eka gAmanI bolI karatAM pAsenA bIjAM gAmanI bolI mahattvanA aMzomAM samAna hovA chatAM kaMIka kaMIka aMzomAM judI paDatI hoya che. pR' 370. A paNa jANe adhUruM hoya tema lekhaka klagI caDAve che A vAkayathI ; samAna bhASAlakSaNovALA pradezavistArane isoglosses (samabhASI pradeza vistAra) kahevAmAM Ave che." (pR. 371) uparanI traNa vAtomAMthI be viSe to ame AgaLa kahyuM hovAnA kAraNe have isogloss vize ja bolIzuM. isoglosses e eka ja bhASAsamAjamAMnA bhASAbhedonI kalpita rekhAo che. vidvAna lekhake darzAvyA mujabanA e bhASA vistAro nathI. Ane samajavA mATe ame KurathnuM 'A Word Geography of the Eastern United States' yzas Soralel facial karIe chIe. bhASAnI rahasyAtmakatA samajAvatAM lekhake totem zabdano upayoga karyo che. totemnuM varga" evuM gujarAtI ApyuM che. pachIthI vistAra karIne svavarga' evuM samajAvyuM che. koI paNa zAstrIya TarmanA vaparAzamAM tenI samajaNa jarUrI bane che. Totem no eka artha koI paNa sAro aMgrejI koza joyo hota to "An emblem of relationship between an animal and a group, family or tribe of people. ' H490442 Huul old. chelluM prakaraNa bhASAsvarUponuM vargIkaraNamAM rokAyeluM che. Aja sudhI bhASA viSe A saMdarbhamAM agglutinating, polysynthetic Adi jevAM je vargIkaraNo thayAM che tene je te lekhakonA AdhAre gujarAtImAM utAravAno lekhakano stutya prayAsa che. Akhare gujarAtI bhASA liSTa ke azliSTa te prazna aMgenA zrI gIarsana, zrI bhAMDArakara vagerenA vicAro rajU karIne Ama gujarAtImAM azliSTa ane zliSTa baMne svarUponuM eka sAthe darzana thAya che." (pR. 453) evo sukhada aMta ANyo che. chelle ApaNe upasaMhArane joIe. gujarAtI bhASAnI vAta karatAM lekhake AgAhI uccArI che. arvAcIna gujarAtIno vAkayasaMyojaka che tema zakyA ne karmaNi racanAo) e prApti che paNa dhIre dhIre e ghasAI jaze ane ene sthAne pAchAM navAM tattvo goThavAze emAM zaMkA nathI." A AgAhI to bhale karI paraMtu enA anumodanamAM jagatanI bhASAo para prabhutva hoya evI chaTAthI lekhaka uccAre che ke pratyeka bhASAnA itihAsamAM ema thatuM ja AvyuM che.' (pR. 476) AvI vAta karyA pachIthI lekhaka "asaMskRta' jAtionI bhASA viSe bole che. pRSTha 480 para lekhaka kahe che : "asaMskRta AdivAsI potAnA vaktavyamAM ghaNI mUrta vigato cokasAIthI darzAve che, je ApaNI najare bhAgye ja caDatI hoya che." ane pR. 482 para "Adima bhASAomAM amUrta vicAro hotA nathI. AdibhASAomAM AthI vyAkaraNakoTionI ghaNI saMkulatA ane zabdonI asAdhAraNa samRddhi najare paDe che. A ane pustakamAMnA bIjAM ghaNAM AvAM vidhAno bhASAnA adhyayanamAM nUtana prakAza pADanArAM thaI paDe tevAM che! bhASAvijJAnanA prAraMbhika khyAlo viSenuM paNa ajJAna na hoya to AvAM vidhAno thaI zake nahIM. ..

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22 ame ahIM sudhImAM pustakamAMnI mukhya mukhya vAtone ja spardhA chIe. pustakamAMnI saiddhAMtika carcAne choDIne joIe to joDaNI, chApabhUlo Adi viSe paNa cokasAI jaLavAI nathI. nIcenAM udAharaNo tenI zAkha pUraze. pRSTha pustakamAM che saMtaparka kayI rIte vaNala satA bri prastAvanA taratana janmelAM mata mata pramANe sadava objct TikITa prayoga karyo che vidvAnoe utkrAntima pR. 6 , 12 ,, 15 , 16 ,, 30 34 "9 ,, 64 304 307 , 311 379 454 "" , 99 99 hovuM joIe saMtarpaka kaI rIte vizleSaNa sattA hibrU taratanAM janmelAM mata pramANe sava object TikiTa prayoga thayo che vidvAnone utkrAnti krama OU Ama samagra pustakane jotAM amAre spaSTapaNe kahevAnuM thAya che ke bhASAvijJAnanI je je basic concept lekhake ApI che te bhASAvaijJAnikane mana to judI ja che. eTale prastuta pustakathI bhASAvijJAna jANavAnI vRttivALAne bhASAvijJAnaviSayaka kazuM maLaze nahIM eTaluM nahIM paraMtu prAraMbhamAM ja bhASAvijJAna viSe taddana bhrAmaka evA khyAlothI vAcaka bharapUra thaI jaze. taduparAMta vijJAnanA gadyane pAmavA mATenI je kSamatA ghaDAvI joIe temAM paNa prastuta pustaka bAdhaka banaze evo amAro namra mata che. ame ahIM pustake carcelI mukhya mukhya concept ne ja sparza karyo che. A sivAya paNa vadhAre vigatamAM UtarI zakAya tevuM che. paraMtu A ja vAta vadhAre dRSTAMtothI kahevI hoya to pachI jivahunA nyAye ame vizeSa vigatamAM UMtaravAnuM yogya mAnyuM nathI. ATalI vAta karyA pachI 'bAkInI vigato ghaNI sArI che.' 'samagra rIte jotAM pustaka upayogI nIvaDe tevuM che.' vagere jevAM Stock phrases vAparI zakAyAM hota. paraMtu sujJa vAcaka jANe che ke vijJAnamAM evo madhyama mArga hoto nathI. AthI amAre sakheda kahevuM paDe che ke pustaka bhASAvijJAnaviSayaka gerasamajUtI phelAvavAnA Adarza namUnArUpa che. ane lekhake prastAvanAmAM 'nUtana InDo-AryananI carcAnA vibhAgomAM zakaya eTalI maulika vicAraNA paNa karI che.' kahyuM che tene badale carcelI mukhya mukhya badhI ja conceptsmAM maulika vicAraNA karI che ema kahevAnuM amane mana thAya che. A pustakanA mukhapRSTha para "gujarAta yunivarsiTInI sahAyatA drArA prakAzita" ema lakheluM che.

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bhASA ane saMskRti A, 20+ 138 maLIne kulle 158 pAnAmAM patharAyeluM pustaka, nava prakaraNomAM vaheMcAyeluM che. A prakaraNone, vaNya vastune dhyAnamAM letAM, be vibhAgamAM jovAM sugamatAvALuM Thare ema amane lAge che. (1) bhASA aMgenI svarUpacarcA ane (2) marAThI tathA koMkaNI bhASA aMgenI carcA. pustakanA 4, 6, 7 ane 8 prakaraNo A bIjA vibhAgane lagatAM che. jyAre bAkInI carcA bhASAsvarUpa viSayaka che. bhASA : ticeM svarUpa ANi zAstra" nAmaka prathama prakaraNamAM .bhASA hA eka saMskAra Ahe' (pR. 2) evI mAMgaNI karIne lekhake, bhASAnI, saMskAraghaTanA tarIke carcA karI che. bhASAne A rIte joIne temaNe, "zuddha kase lihArve huM zikavaNAre zAstra' (pR. 6) te vyAkaraNa tevI je pracalita mAnyatA che tenI bhUmikA samajAvIne paraMparAgata vicAranArA vyAkaraNI ane bhASAzAstrajJa vacceno bheda spaSTa karI Apyo che. Avo vaiyAkaraNa, zuddhAzuddhanA carcA jagatamAMthI hajI bahAra Avyo nathI. bhASAzAstrI A zuddhAzuddhanI carcAmAM paDato nathI kemake te tenuM kSetra nathI. lekhaka A aMge bahu spaSTapaNe jaNAve che ke "aseM bolaNe cUka Ahe, tameM lihU nakA, ApalI bhASA badalA, ase bhASAzAstrajJa haNata nAhI." (pR. 7) DaoN. kAlelakara zAstra viSe ATalI spaSTatA karIne pR. 8 para bhASAnI vyAkhyA A pramANe bAMdhe che. mULa AzayAzI kAryakAraNa saMbaMdha nasavelyA dhvanisaMketAnI banavelI, samAjavyavahArAlA sAhayabhUta azI bhASA hI eka paddhata Ahe prastuta vyAkhyA lekhake vistArapUrvaka samajAvI che. A samajAvatAM temaNe svAbhAvika rIte ja, temAMthI niSpanna thatI dhvaninirmANanI carcA hAtha dharI che. dhvaniparivartana ane arthaparivartana carcatAM lekhake arthaparivartana viSe je '...arthaparivartana huM samAjajIvanAo asthira te muLe cete" (pR. 29) kahyuM che te DaoN. paMDite darzAvyuM che (saMskRti julAI 1964 pR. 305) tema 'pUrAvAonI apekSA rAkhe che e kharuM che. tema chatAM A dRSTikoNathI paNa arthaparivartana tapAsAya to bhASAviSayaka jANakArI jarUra vadhe ema amane lAge che. A pachIthI, bhASAnAM ghaTako, tenI vyavasthA, vAkyavicAra vagere aMge lekhake carcA karI che. tyArabAda bhASAnA svarUpanI carcA karIne bhASAnuM kArya zuM che te samajAvyuM che. A vize "bhArthe kAma vyavahAra cAlU kevoM hai Ahe..' (pR. 29) tema kahIne A saMdarbhamAM "pUrvI ApalyAlA dharmazArce jANaNAryA saMskRtajJa paMDitAMcI garaja hotI, Aja zAstrIya vADmayAMta saMpanna asakelyA bhASAcuM jJAna asaNAryA tajajJAMcI Ahe' (. 30) A dvArA bhASAzAstrajJonI jarUriyAta para yogya rIte ja temaNe bhAra mUkyo che. bIjA prakaraNamAM lekhake vyAkaraNanI carcA karI che. AnI bhUmikAmAM lekhake "lihiyAcA bhASace niyama" e vyAkaraNa zabdano artha Aja sudhI karAto rahyo che te noMdhyuM che. paraMtu Aje to lekhaka darzAve che tema 'bhAcA abhyAsa haNaje lihilelyA bhANecA khulAsA nasUna * bhASA ANi saMskRti. nA. go. kAlelakara (mauja prakAzana gRha, muMbaI, 1962, pA. 138, rU. 50) 23

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24 bolaNI jANArI bhASA AtmasAta kazI karatAM yeila yArce paddhatIra mArgadarzana aneM mAnazyAcA kALa AtA AlA Ahe.." (pR. 34) A baMne vAta karyA pachIthI temaNe bhASAnAM likhitarUpa vaDe darzAvAya che tene "lekhabhASA" ane bolAtAM rUpane 'bolabhASA' evAM bhinna nAmAbhidhAna, saraLatA arthe karyA hoya tema jaNAya che. ane Ama karIe to pachIthI bolabhASAnA vyAkaraNane lekhaka kahe che tema 'bhASAvarNana' evuM nAma ApavuM yogya Tharaze. vyAkaraNa aMgenI ATalI bhUmikA bAMdhIne lekhaka A prakAranAM varNanAtmaka vyAkaraNa viSe vAta kare che. pAraMparika vyAkaraNa bolAtAM rUpane - uccAraNone dhyAnamAM ja letuM nathI hotuM. u. ta. aMgrejImAM nAmanA ba. va. no eka pratyaya - s che. lekhana pUratI A vAta sAcI che. paraMtu bolAtA svarUpano vicAra karIe to A ba.va.nA pratyayano je lekhanarUpa - s che te ropes mAM - zuM rahe che, - robes mAM-nna thAya che ane roses mAM - ijha bane che. AnI kAryavaheMcaNI paNa cokkasa che. kaThora vyaMjanAMta zabdomAM - su. mRduvyaMjana ane aMtyasvaravALA zabdomAM - jhuM ane tathA pachI - ijhU Ave che. AvA bhedo dhyAnamAM nahIM levAvAnA kAraNe bhASA vizenuM samyaka jJAna ApaNane prApta thatuM ja nathI hotuM. lekhana e to dhvaninuM dRzya svarUpa mAtra che tethI lekhana dvArA bolabhASAne pUrepUrI kadI pAmI zakAya nahIM. ATalI vyAkaraNa viSenI vAta karIne DaoN. kAlelakare dhvanighaTaka viSe kahyuM che. pratyeka bhASAne niyata dhvanighaTako hoya che te darzAvIne temaNe marAThInAM dhvanighaTako ApyAM che. tyArapachIthI marAThI nAmonAM e.va. ane anekavacanamAM kevA bheda paDe che te nidarzIne lekhaka jaNAve che ke "zabda ekA pUThe eka ThedhUna bhASA hota nAhIM." (pR 41) lekhakanI A vAta keTalI badhI sAcI che te pratyeka anya bhASA zIkhanAra vyakti jANe che. mAtra zabdabhaMDoLa zIkhI javAthI bhASAnuM jJAna maLI jatuM nathI. A badhI carcA bhASAnA kArya arthe je iMdriyagocara rUpa che tenI thaI. bhASAnuM kArya to che Azaya vyakta karavAnuM. ApaNe joyuM te Azaya vyakta karavAnuM dhvanigata rUpa te to paraMparAgata AvyuM che. tene tArkika rIte samajAvI zakAze nahIM. u. ta. aMgrejImAM footnuM ba. va. feet thAya to bootnuM beet zA mATe nahIM ? lekhaka kahe che tema Avo prazna tarkazAstrIne jarUra thAya paNa vaiyAkaraNa to kaheze huM aseM Ahe.' Ama kahIne lekhake bhASAnI saMjJAonI yAdacchikatA ahIM samajAvI che. bhASA dhvanisaMjJAonI vyavasthA hovA chatAM temAM vibhinna staroe yAdRcchikatA pravartatI hoya che te vAtane DaoN. kAlelakare A rIte spaSTa karI batAvI che. 'bhASA ANi sAhitya' nAmaka prakaraNamAM, bhASAnI, sAmAjika saMsthA tarIke carcA thayelI che. sahunA vyavahAramAM upayogI tevI bhASAne DaoN. kAlelakara 'laukika bhASA' nAma ApavAnuM pasaMda kare che. A sivAya samAjamAM aneka vargonI paNa bhASA hoya che. tevI bhASAne lekhaka kahe che ke "maryAdita vargacyA yA viziSTa bhASelA ApaNa tAMtrikabhASA" hai nAMva dehe" (pR. 43) bhASAnA vyavahAramAM vinimayazakti cAlakabaLa tarIke rahelI hoya che. A vinimayazaktino dhvanirUpa saMketa te je zabda. samAjanA vyavahAramAM evuM paNa hoya che ke jyAM vinimayazakti hoya paraMtu dhvanirUpa saMketa na paNa hoya. vAhanavyavahAranAM niyamana mATenAM anekavidha pratIkone AnAM udAharaNo kahI zakAya. samAjamAM eka vyakti aneka vyakti sAthe A vinimaya zaktithI joDAyelI che te samajAvIne DaoN. kAlelakara "anubhava", "vyaktivizva', 'bAhmavizva" vagerenI vyAkhyA

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25 ApIne bhASAnuM AmAM kArya che te ApaNI samakSa mUkI Ape che. teo kahe che ke 'vyakti vizvAMtalyA anubhavAnAM iMdriyagocara ase` bAhyarUpa deNyA2e kAma bhASA karate'. (pR. 45) ma DaoN. kAlelakaranA mate bhASAnuM A kArya che. AnI spaSTatA karatAM lekhaka kahe che ke 'bhASA hI muLAMta sAhitya nirmitI sAThI janmAlA AlelI nAhI' ane pachIthI bhASA ane sAhityano teo bheda kare che. A aMge teo kahe che : 'sAhitya hI eka vyakti nirmita kalA Ahe, bhASA huM eka samAjopayogI sAdhana Ahe' (pR. 47) Ama sAhityanimiti te DaoN. kAlelakaranA mate bhASAnuM mULa kArya nathI, paraMtu bhASA viSe jyAre '...tI adhika arthavAhaka, AzayapUrNa ANi kAryakSama banavatAM yete, vyavahArA bAhera hi tIcA upayoga houM zakato, hI jANIva jayA veLIM mANasAlA jhAlI tyAca veLI sAhityAce bIjAropaNa jhAleM.' A pramANe samaja paDI tyArathI sAhityanAM bIja naMkhAyAM. Ama sAhityane DaoN. kAlelakare 'vyaktivizvanAM darzana karAvavA mATeno kalAtmaka upayoga karavAnI kaLA' kahIne samajAvela che. teo kahe che ke kAvya e vyaktinirmita che, samAjanirmita nahIM. pachIthI lekhake eka bhASAmAMthI bhASAMtara karavAmAM mULanA badhA ja guNo jALavI rAkhavA zakaya nathI te saMskRta ane phreMcanAM dRSTAMto ApIne samajAvyuM che. AthI bhASA ane sAhityano saMbaMdha spaSTapaNe samajavA mATe lekhake vAparelI sAmagrIne jovI joIe te hakIkata spaSTa thAya che. teNe kevA kevA prayogo karyA che, navA kevA saMketo ane saMdarbho yojyA che, vagere tapAsavuM joIe. prakaraNa pAMcamAnuM lekhake 'bhASA, bolI ANi samAja' abhidhAna rAkhyuM che. prAraMbhamAM lekhake samAjanI samajaNa ApI che. ane rUDhi eTale zuM te samajAvyuM che. pachI lekhaka kahe che ke bhASAne eka sAmAjika saMsthA ane lekhanane rUDhi kahevI joIe. aneka sAmAjika saMsthAomAM bhASAnuM sthAna viziSTa che. aneka saMsthAomAM '...sarvAhUna mahattvAcI jI nasalI tara samAjajIvana ca azakaya banela - azI eka saMsthA Ahe. tI mhaNaje bhASA.' (pR. 63). bhASAnuM A sAdhana nirUpa che. AvA aneka dhvanione ekatra karIne mANasa arthavAhaka saMketa nirmANa kare che ane A saMketane eka viziSTa rUpamAM, eka viziSTa kramamAM mUkIne te vicAra kare che. Ane ApaNe vyavasthA arthe anukrame varNa, zabda ane vidhAna evAM nAma ApI zakIe. (pR. 64) have varNathI zabda bane che ane zabda dvArA je artha vyakta thAya che tene koI naisargika saMbaMdha nathI. (pR. 64) bhASA e to hamezAM parivartanazIla rahI che. arthanuM jyAM parivartana jaNAya che tyAM lekhaka kahe che ke '...jayA ThikArthI arthAta badala jhAlyA2e disUna yete tyA ThikANIM kAraNe aitihAsika, sAmAjika, ANi sAMskRtika azI asatAta.' (pR. 64) vaLI A parivartano thAya che te sarvatra ekasarakhAM nathI thatAM ane Ama hoI, 'jo paryaMta he bheda parasparAMtIla vyavahArAcyA ADa yeNyA itake tIvra svarUpAce nasatAta toM paryaMta kALAcyA oghAMta badalelyA ekAca bhASecyA, ekAca kALIM paNa bhinnabhinna bhAgAMta astitvAMta asaNAryA vividha svarUpAMnA poTabhASA ase mhaNatAM yeila' (pR. 65) samAja nAmamAM sarvatra sarakho vyavahAra nathI te samAviSTa che. AvI je bahuvidha saMskRtine joDanAra tattva te bhASA. bhA. 4

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, paNa kharekhara astitva che te to bolInuM ja. pratyeka normal bALaka sAta varasanI umara sudhImAM to potAnI bhASA samAjamAMthI zIkhI letuM hoya che. zALAmAM te mAtra dhvaninA lekhanarUpa dRzya svarUpano zravaNarUpa svarUpa sAthe saMbaMdha joDatAM, ane tene oLakhatAM zIkhe che. ApaNe joyuM tema dhvaninuM akhaMDa parivartana te bhASAnI eka vizeSatA che. AthI lekhanarUpa je rUDhi che te sthagita thaI jAya che, jyAre dhvanirUpa bhASA to badalAtI rahe che. lekhake A paristhiti dhyAnamAM levI ghaTe che. A parivartanane lekhake paNa sAnurUpa thayA karavuM joIe. paNa lekhaka kahe che tema 'ase kavacita ja ghaData." (pR. 69) jenI bolI ziSTamAnya nathI tevA vidyArthInI zALAmAM zI dazA thatI hoya che te darzAvIne lekhaka kahe che ke "ziSTavargAcI poTabhASA uccAra va lekhana yA dRSTinI AtmasAta na karatAM AlyAmuLe zikSaNAzI nukatIca taDa oLakha sura jhAlelyA mulAMcyA manAta bhIti, AtmavizvAsAcA abhAva, ANi zikSaNAviSayI tiTakArA nirmANa houna tyAMcI pragati maMdAvali athavA ajibAla khUTalI tara Azcarya nAhI.' (pR. 68) - A pachIthI lekhake marAThI bhASAnI vAta karI che. ane tyAra bAda bhASA ane lekhanano zo saMbaMdha hoI zake tenI vizada carcA karI che. Akhare lekhaka A aMge kahe che "bhASace svarUpa ekasArakhuM badalata asalyA muLe Aja Tharalele niyama che 'yAvacaMdra divAkarI" baMdhanakAraka na karavatAM dara vIsa paMcavIsa varSanI tyAMcA punarvicAra hAvA." (pR. 76) tyAra pachIthI zrI kAlelakare "bhASA ANi saMskRti' nAmaka prakaraNamAM bhASAne samAjane paDache joI che. lekhaka, mANasanI 'bolArA prANI" (pR. 123) evI vyAkhyA karavAnuM kahe che. ane 'samAja,' 'zabda' vagere aMge paNa samajaNa Ape che. samAja zabdamAM ja parivartana samAviSTa raheluM che. AvAM parivartanonAM vyakta rUpa ApavAnuM kAma bhASAnuM che. pratyeka bhASAne potAnA vAparanAM AgavAM dhArAdhoraNa hoya che. zrI kAlelakara AnuM udAharaNa ApatAM kahe che ke aMgrejImAM "mAya hajhabaMDa', 'mAya phAdara' ema kahI zakAze paraMtu marAThI bhASA samAjanA aneka vargomAM 'mAjhA navarA', 'mAjhA bApa" eTaluM kahevAthI cAlaze nahIM. (pR. 130). A prakAre bhASAne jovA - tapAsavAmAM Ave to samAjajIvananAM parivartano vizenI paNa, lekhaka kahe che tema, ApaNI jANakArI jarUra vadhe. carcAno bIjo vibhAga paDe che marAThI ane koMkaNI vino. . lekhake prakaraNa cothAnuM zIrSaka 'pAyAzuddha marAThI' evuM ApyuM che. ahIM 'bhASAthI zuM udiSTa che tenI vigata lekhake ApelI che. bhASA viSe hajI Ajeya ApaNA khyAlo atyaMta purANA kahI zakAya te prakAranA rahyA che. zuddhAzuddhanI carcAmAMthI hajI ApaNe bahAra AvI zakyA nathI. AvA khyAlo rAkhanAra mATe zrI kAlelakara ThIka ja kahe che ke "..rAnI, pAnI, hatA, solA ityAdi zabda vAparNAyaM poTa bhASe bolaNAre loka azuddha bolatAta, tyAMnA zuddha marAThI yeta nAhIM, aseM jehA ziSTabhASA bolagAre loka haNatAta, tyALI ApaleM samajAvyA ANi bhASe itihAsArthe ajJAna te dAkhavata asatAta". (pR. 56) jyAM bhASAviSayaka ukta khyAlo pravartatA hoya tyAM zikSaNakSetre tenuM pariNAma kevuM Ave che? "..jyAM AIbApAMcyA teMDUna hI bhASA ApaNa zikala aDANI Aheta asI samajUta houna mulAcyA manAta lAja va tiraskAra utpanna hotAta". (pR. 57) A paristhiti, bhASAnI

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27 jene jANakArI che tenA mATe keTalI du:khada che! Ano kaMIka toDa kADhatA hoya tema zrI kAlelakara kahe che "azA rItIne jyA bhASavara jAtIcA chApa Ahe, jyA bhAkhelA bahujana samAjanA jIvanAcI tAMDa oLakha zuddhA nAhI, tI bhASA zabdasaMpatti kiMvA jIvanAce saMpUrNa vA thathAtathya darzana yA arthAne, pAyAzuddha mhaNatAM yeNAra nAhI, bolIlA javaLacI ANi jIvanAce pratibaMba dAkhavaNArI bhASA kiMvA poTabhASA hI ca zikSaNAcyA, prAraMbhI mAdhyama Nuna vAparavI gelI pAhije. ANi jyA zikSaNa saMsthAMta samAjAcyA sarva tharAMtIla mule yetAta tethe uccanI tvAcI, zuddhAzuddha tecI, apamAnakAraka va khuLasaTa kalpanA jAuna samAjAcyA bahuvidha jIvanAce darzana ghaDaNArI bhASA AlI pAhije. tara ca bhASace zikSaNa pAyAzuddha Ahe ase NatAM yeIla." (pR. 59). A prakAranA bhASAzikSaNane zrI kAlelakare yogya rIte ja, pAyAzuddha kahyuM che. paraMtu A prakAranuM zikSaNa pUrvataiyArI mAgI le che te hakIkatathI lekhaka pUrA sajAga che. vibhinna bolIo para zAsrIya kAma thayuM hoya tyAre ja ane to ja AvuM zikSaNa zakaya bane. A pachIthI lekhake I. sa. 1786nA sara viliyama jonsanA bhASaNathI prAraMbhAyela tulanAtmaka bhASAvijJAnanA vikAsamAM DokiyuM karAvyuM che ane tyAra bAda haLabI, DAMgI, koMkaNI Adi bolIonA namUnAo ApyA che. koMkaNI viSenuM prakaraNa-koMkaNa pradeza ane tenuM jIvana, koMkaNInA dhvanighaTako, koMkaNI marAThInI bolI ke svataMtra bhASA, vagerenI carcAthI sabhara che. A bolI viSe eka tajjJanI vicAraNA tathA mAhitI prApta thAya che te prastuta bolIviSayaka pravartatA jJAnamAM vRddhi kare che. Akhare dakSiNa koMkaNInA namUnAo ApyA che tethI te aMgenI AdhArabhUta mAhitI prApta banI che. alabatta, A Akhoye lekha zrI kAlelakara pote kahe che tema 'sthUla paricayAtmaka Ahe' (pR. 117). 'marAThIce lekhana' nAmanuM chaThThuM prakaraNa bhASA ane tenuM dRzya svarUpa Alekhe che. bhASAzAstra je rIte A baMneno saMbaMdha jue che te lekhake ApaNane spaSTa karI Apela che. A aMge lekhaka kahe che ke "bhASA hI dhvaninIM banalelI Ahe : zrAvaNagocara Ahe. lekhana haiM lipibaddha Arhe : dRSTigocara Ahe" (pR. 79). A pachIthI marAThI mATe vaparAtA mULAkSaronI vizada carcA karI che ane A carcAnA paripAka rUpe je traNa muddAo kahyA che te mananIya che. te che, - anusvAra, hrasvadIrgha ane prakIrNa. ApaNI gujarAtI bhASAmAM paNa A prakAranI vicAraNA karavAno samaya pAkI gayo gaNAya. Aje gujarAtImAM paNa anusvAra ane hrasvadIrgha vize pheravicAraNA karavI Avazyaka che. AvI vicAraNA karyA pachI paNa 'sarva anusvAra pUrNapaNe kArTUna TAkAveta' evuM koI kahe to? Avo vicAra nathI thato e hakIkata ApaNA sudhI A zAstranI gaMdha paNa pahoMcI nathI tenI ghotaka che. 'marAThIcyA . bolI' nAmanA sAtamA prakaraNamAM lekhake bhASA ane bolI viSe vicAraNA karI marAThI aMge jyaoNrja griarsane je vicAraNA karI che te paNa sAthosAtha ahIM, samajAvela che. bolI aMge lekhaka ThIka kahe che ke "badalatyA sAmAjika saMdarbhIta ANi lokazAhIcA krAMtiyugAMta susaMskRta lokAMcI bhASA yA kalpanA mArge paDUna adhikAMta adhika lokAMnA sahaja kaLaNArI bhASA yA kalpanelA agrasthAna miLaNe Avazyaka jhAle. he" (pR. 92).

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2. Ama A samagra pustaka lekhakanI viSaya paranI pakaDanuM ghotaka che. samagra pustakamAM lekhake bhASAne mukhyatve eka sAmAjika saMsthA tarIke joI che. sAthosAtha bhASAzAstra bhASAnuM je pRthakkaraNa kare che te, vAcako pAse, lekhaka pUrI zAstrIyatAthI mUkatA jAya che. kRtinuM vizeSa pradAna tenI varyarIti paNa gaNAvuM joIe. bhAratIya bhASAomAM bhASAzAsano viSaya hajI navo navo ja che. zAstrIyatAno cIlo cAtaryA vagara koI zAsrane prAdezika bhASAmAM kema utArAya tenA mATeno A eka sarasa namUno gaNAya. gujarAtanA A viSayanA abhyAsIonuM AnA prati dhyAna dorAya ane koI teno anuvAda karavA prerAya te paNa icchavA jevuM khara.

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bhASAzAstrane zAstrIya chatAM AsvAdya graMtha" mahArASTranA pratiSThita bhASAvida DaoN. kAlelakaranuM 15 + 115 maLIne kulle 130 pAnAmAM pAMca prakaraNone samAvatuM prastuta pustaka bhAratIya bhASAonA A prakAranA alpa sAhityamAM noMdhapAtra banI rahe tevuM che. lekhake prastAvanAmAM kahyuM che tema 1963nA phebruArImAM marAThAvADA yunivarsiTInI padattara vyAkhyAnamALAmAM apAyelAM cAra vyAkhyAno ane 'bhASAgyA kSetramaryAdA e nibaMdha A pustakamAM samAviSTa karelAM che. bhASAne ItihAsa DaoN. kAlelakare ahIM bhASAne sAmAjika saMsthA tarIke joI che. sAmAjika jIvanamAM bhASA kevo bhAga bhajave che tenI vizada carcA A pustakamAMthI prApta thAya che. prAraMbhamAM ja lekhaka 'bhAcA itihAsa" Ape che. yugayugathI pRthvI para vasavATa karI rahelA mAnave dhIre dhIre samUhajIvana zarU karIne prastuta jIvanane Aje to suzliSTa ane sugrathita banAvI dIdhuM che. A svarUpa te samAja. samAjanA abhyAsamAM, AthI, vyaktino abhyAsa samAviSTa che. A rIte jotAM sAmAjika zAstro, lekhaka nirdeze che tema, kAlasApekSa che. paraMtu tene nizcita karanAra sthaLaparimANa paNa tenA abhyAsamAM mahattvanuM aMga che. A rIte jotAM, sthaLakALanI maryAdAmAM vizeSa mAnavasamUhanI pravRttino vRttAMta te ja itihAsa ema kahI zakAya. itihAsamAM vRttAMtanivedakonA samAjanI vastuviSayaka bhAvanA moTo bhAga bhajavatI hoya che. A kAraNe be vibhinna samAjanA lekhako dvArA varNavAyela, eka ja pravRttinA vRttAMta ghaNI vAra khUba ja judAM paDatAM hoya che. ane itihAsamAM AthI vibhinna vAdavivAdo paNa pravartatA hoya che. A prakAranI chApa vRttAMtamAM kayAM ane keTalA pramANamAM paDelI che te zodhIne aLagI na karI zakAya tyAM sudhI satyadarzana thavuM khUba muzkela hoya che. A aMge lekhake kaheluM 'purAvAcyA abhAva. muLe susaMgata itihAsa lihiNe lekhakAlA jaze kaThINa, taseya upalabdha purAvAcyA aneka vidrAnAnI lAvalelA aneka prakAracA artha pAhUna vastusthitithI kalpanA gheNe vAcakAsAThI kaThINa," (pR. 6) e vidhAna keTaluM badhuM vAstavadarzI che! nyAya ane niSpharatA jarUrI ApaNe jyAre ApaNI bhASA viSe lakhavA besIe tyAre temAM 'ApaNI bhASAnuM sAmarthya itara bhASA karatAM vizeSa che, ApaNuM sAhitya vizvasAhityane zobhAve che, vagere jevAM vidhAno vAraMvAra jovA maLatAM hoya che. lekhaka kahe che tema AvA "durabhimAnavALA abhyAsako kaMI thoDA nathI. itihAsamAM je satyadarzana thavuM joIe temAM A kAraNe rukAvaTa thAya che. AthI ja lekhaka kahe che 'nyAya niSpharatA hA itihAsa lekhakAcA sarvata moThA guNa karela" (pR. 7). A guNa hoya tyAre ja lekhake itihAsano "samAja jIvanAcI spaSTa, susaMgata ANi kAlakramavAra * bhASAH itihAsa ANi bhULa nA. ge. kAlelakara. (mauja prakAzana gRha, muMbaI, 1964. rU. 6-50) 29

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30 mAhitI deNe" (pR. 7) e hetu kahyo che te bara Ave. purAvAo vagere to itihAsanuM sAdhana mAtra che. sAco itihAsakAra A sAdhanano bahu ja sAvadhAnIpUrvaka upayoga kare che. eka vinimayasAdhana AvA itihAsanuM paNa mahattvanuM parimANa to samAja che. ane samAjane lekhaka 'sahajIvanAcyA tattvAvara AdhAralelA vyaktisamUha' (. 7) kahe che. je te samAjanAM baMdhano vyaktie pALavAM paDatAM hoya che. A baMdhano samAje samAje bhinna hoya che. pratyeka vyakti A baMdhana pALe ja che tevuM nathI. Ama nathI thatuM mATe ja temAM parivartananI kSamatA rahelI che. lekhakanA mate samAjanI sthiratA ane tenI poSaka pravRtti sAmAjika rUDhi, paraMparA ane saMsthA e traNa bAbato para nirbhara che. A pachI lekhake rUDhi ane paraMparA vacceno bheda sadRSTAMta samajAvyo che. rUDhi kaMIka baMdhanakAraka che jyAre paraMparA aicchika svarUpanI che. rUDhinI zista pAchaLa samAjanI bhIti rahelI hoya che jyAre paraMparA kauTuMbika zikSaNa ane vyaktinI zraddhA para nirbhara hoya che. vyakti paranI A maryAdA sahajIvanano pAyo che. A pAyAmAM kAma karatI Avazyaka ane aparihArya pravRtti kaI? e prazna pUchatAM, "samAjanI badhI vyaktione ekatra karIne sahakAryakSama banAvanAra sarvane sahaja svAdhIna evA eka "vinimayasAdhananI jarUriyAta" kaMIka evo uttara maLe che. saMketa e AvuM eka sAdhana gaNAya. A saMketa sAmAjika mAnyatA dharAvato na hoya to tenA vaDe vinimayanI sAMkaLa racAya nahIM. ahIM eka spaSTatA jarUrI che. ApaNA ghaNA AcAra mAtra sUcaka hoya che ane bhAvanAvivaza banIne karelA halanacalananA saMketarUpa hoya che. jema ke AnaMdane sUcavavA hasavuM, nAcavuM vagere, du:khane sUcavavA raDavuM, nirAza thaI javuM vagere. paraMtu mANasa bhAvavivaza na hoya ane A ja kriyAne kAme lagADe tyAre temAMthI eka prakAranI sUcanazakti prApta thatI hoya che. A sUcanazakti vaDe saMketa ane tasUcita padArthono saMbaMdha samAjamAnasamAM avibhAjya thaI gayo hoya che. samAjamAM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza vagere jevAM sAdhano ane tasUcita saMketo paNa maryAdita svarUpano vinimaya karAvI zake che. paraMtu A mATe mAnavane je atyaMta prabhAvazALI sAdhana hAtha lAgyuM te "mAnava nimita dhvanicA saMketa banavaNyAsAThI upayoga" (pR 12)ne kahI zakAya. A sAdhanane ApaNe "bhASA" nAmathI oLakhIe chIe. saMketanI banelI sAmAjika saMsthA bhASAthI ApaNe eTalAM badhAM paricita chIe ke tenI vyAkhyAnI jarUra ja na hoya. pAMca-cha varSanI uMmarathI pratyeka svastha mAnasavALuM bALaka bhASAthI paricita thaI gayeluM hoya che. ATalI nAnI uMmarathI paricita che tevA sAdhananI vyAkhyA ApavAnI jarUra zI hoya? paraMtu kharekhara to AthI UlaTuM che. bhASA vize aneka prakAranI gerasamaja pravarte che. A gerasamajamAM keTalA badhA vargo bhAgIdAra che! "vyAkaraNakAra, svata:lA samAjAtIla sarvazreSTha Adarza samajaNArA varga, zuddhAzuddhacI kalpanA hA ca nikaSa mAnUna tyArUna sAmAjika vartanAcI sakasanikasatA TharavaNArA sovaLAvarga, bhASace eka nizcita avikRtarUpa asate ase mAnUna grAhyAgrAhyatecA kalpita sImevara eka akSara lakSmaNareSA oTUna kaeNvU pahANArA AdarzavAdI varga, lekhana mhaNaje 2 bhASA ame gRhIta dharUna tyAcyA tulanane uccAra dRSTayA ApalI kevaDhI adhogatI jhAlI

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31 Ahe yA kalpanene haLahaLaNArA lekhanaprAmANyavAdI varga, zikSaNa bighaDale Ahe azI ThAma bhUmikA gheNArA vidvAnAMcA varga ase aneka varga...' (pR. 13). A badhA vargo potAnI samajaNa samAja pAse mUkIne besI rahetA nathI. teo to 'ApalA tarkazuddha yuktivAda itarAMnA paTU naye yA vicArAne becena hotAta, khinna hotAta, rAgAvatAta, ANi ciDavatAta suddhAM" (pR. 13). bhASAsvarUpa ke patinuM tATasthyapUrvaka nirIkSaNa na thAya tyAM sudhI A prakAranI gerasamaja ochI thAya nahIM. bhASA viSenI A jo gerasamaja hoya to bhASAnuM sAcuM svarUpa zuM? bhASA to dhvaninimita saMketonI banelI eka sAmAjika saMsthA che. samAjamAM jemajema vinimayakSetra badalAtuM jAya tema tema bhASAnuM svarUpa paNa badalAya. vinimayasAdhananI jeTalA aMze ni:saMdigdhatA vizeSa teTalA aMze tenI kAmayAbI paNa vizeSa nIvaDe. bhASA nirUpa saMketonI vyavasthA che. pratyeka bhASA potAnA samAjanA bhASakonA sarvasvIkRta evA saMketo para nirbhara hoya che. AmAMthI ema phalita thAya ke bhASAe samAjanA vikAsa sAthe rahevuM joIe. jo Ama na bane to bhASAmAM eka prakAranuM svairya vyApe ane svairya lekhaka kahe che tema 'bhAyelA pAMgaLe banavate' (pR. 16). AvA vikAsa mATe je te samAjanI sAmAjika pravRttinA saMdarbhamAM bhASAno itihAsa tapAsatA rahevuM joIe. bhASAnA saMketa ane tenA arthane joDanAruM je sAhacarya che te samAjanI mAnyatA para nirbhara che. Ama hovAthI bhASAno abhyAsa A dRSTie paNa karI zakAya. A rIte jotAM bhASAne 'jyAM dhvanisaMketAcA paddhatazIra upayoga karUna pratyeka vyakti samAjAcyA vyavahArAta bhAga dhete te vyavahArakSama saMketa Naje bhASA' (pR. 18) tema kahI zakAya. bhASAnA itihAsa eTale zu? koI paNa sAmAjika saMsthAnA parivartanamAM AMtarika ane bAhya ema be prakAranAM kAraNo hoya che. bhASAmAM ghaTakonAM parivartana e AMtarika kAraNone sUcave che ane bhASA je paristhiti para AdhArita che tenuM badalAvuM te bhASAnAM bAhya kAraNone sUcave che. bhASA sAtatyayukta che paraMtu tenI nimiti vyaktinirbhara hoI, tenA saMketomAM peDhI dara peDhIe kaMI ne kaMI phera to paDavAno ja. Ama ne Ama AvA pheraphAra 'kAhI kALAnaMtara mULa saMketAMce rUpa badalUna TAkate.' (pR. 22). Ama bhASAmAM thatAM anekavidha parivartanothI bhASA navI navI abhivyaktio sarje che, navA navA artho Ape che. DaoN. kAlelakara ahIM sudhInI carcAne jANe TUMkamAM samajAvatA hoya tema teo bhASAno itihAsa eTale te nIcenA avataraNamAM mUkI Ape che. teo kahe che : 'koNatyAhI dIrghakAlakhaMDAtIla ekAca bhASacI kALAcyA dRSTine ekamekAMpAsUna atizaya aMtarAvara asalelI dona rUpe ApaNa ghetalI tara tyAta ApalyAlA aneka prakArace pharaka ADhaLUna yetIla. yAtale AdhIce rUpa he mULa rUpa ANi naMtarace rUpa he tyAce parivartana rUpa Ate hI goSTa ApaNa mAnya karato, yA dona rUpAMcI tulanA karato, kAya TikUna rAhile Ahe ANi kAya badalale Ahe te pahAtA. yA dona rUpAMcyA madhye asalellA avadhIta yA badalAlA anukUla ANi Avazyaka zA ghaTanA jhAlelyA asalyA pAhijeta he ughaDa Ahe. yA ghaTanA Naje yA dona rUpA male dube hota. te zodhUna tyAMcI kramavAra mAMDaNI karaNe ANiyA mAMDaNItUna badalelyA rUpAcyA khulAsA hoila ase vivecana karaNe mhaNajeca bhASacA itihAsa deNe' (pR. 25). Ama bhASAnA itihAsa mATe ATaluM karavuM jarUrI che paraMtu A karavuM kaMI rIte? te mATe vibhinna paddhatio che.

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32 bhASAnA itihAsa para, kramavAra lekhita purAvAo para AdhArita evI aitihAsika paddhati, saMbaMdhita bhASAnI tulanAdvArA bhUtakALanI anupalabdha avasthA para prakAza nAMkhanArI paddhati, ane bhASAmAMthI ja tenA vaiziSTayano upayoga karIne bhUtakALanI kalpanA ApanArI svAvalaMbI paddhati - ema traNe paddhatio prakAza pADI zake che. sAcI mAhitI zrAvya rUpamAMthI jyAM lekhita purAvAo upalabdha hoya tyAMye bhASAnA itihAsanI sAcI mAhitI to tenA zrAvya rUpamAMthI ja pragaTa thAya che. lipi to lekhana mATenuM eka sAdhana mAtra che, bhASAnAM ghaTakonI zAstrazuddha yAdI nathI. dAkhalA tarIke marAThImAM 'cArA" ane "vicAra" e baMne zabdomAMnA "ca" uccAraNarUpe judA hovA chatAM temanuM dRzya rUpa to "ca" evuM eka ja che. Ama hovAthI bhASAnA itihAsa arthe mAtra zrAvya rUpa ja dhyAnamAM levuM joIe. A uparAMta bhASAmAM Azaya vyakta karanArAM ghaTakonAM parivartano ane teno samaya paNa bhASAno itihAsa tapAsatI vakhate dhyAnamAM levAM joIe. aitihAsika ane tulanAtmaka paddhatio bhASAmAM A sivAyanI paNa aneka ghaTanAo banatI hoya che jene mAtra parivartanaprakriyAthI samajAvI nahIM zakAya. lekhita sAhityamAM nathI AvyAM hatAM tevAM rUpo ane prayogo, bAhya kAraNothI prabhAvita thayelA pharako, ane itara bhASAbhASInA svIkArane kAraNe mULamAM thayelA pheraphAro, vagere AnAM udAharaNo che. sAhityamAM na AvelAM rUpono itihAsa meLavavo khUba kaThaNa hoya che. bAhya kAraNothI thatA pharakane tapAsavA mATe rAjakIya itihAsa jovo joIe. itara bhASAbhASI jyAre eka anya bhASAne svIkAre che tyAre te potAnI bhASAnI anekavidha chApa svIkArelI bhASAmAM mUke che. kALakrame saMbhava che ke AmAMthI paristhiti anusAra ekanI be bhASA paNa banI jAya. AvI vibhinna thaI gayelI paraMtu eka kALe koI eka rUpane sUcavatI bhASAonAM mULa tarapha tulanAtmaka paddhati dvArA jaI zakAya che. I. sa. 1786mAM sara viliyama jojo grIka, laeNTina, saMskRta vagere bhASAonA eka mULanI kalpanA, eka vyAkhyAna dvArA rajU karI tyArathI A paddhatinA zrIgaNeza maMDAyA. A pachIthI A paddhatie bhASAo para je je agatyanAM kAmo thayAM che teno lekhake ullekha karyo che ane aitihAsika tathA tulanAtmaka paddhatio vacceno bheda paNa sphaTa karyo che. lekhaka jaNAve che tema tulanAtmaka paddhatinuM kArya adhika purAvAono abhAva hoya tyAM pUrvarUponI kalpanA ApavAnuM che, jyAre aitihAsika paddhatinuM kArya koI eka ja bhASA kevI kevI badalAtI gaI che tenuM zAstrIya rIte citra taiyAra karavAnuM che. (pR. 42). A pachIthI lekhaka saMzodhana paddhationI maryAdA vize vAta kare che. pUrvanuM rUpa tenA lekhita svarUpe ja hoya (dhvanimudraNa upalabdha na hoya) ane te pramANe ja adyatana rUpa hoya tyAM parivartana kevuM ane keTaluM thayuM haze te jANI zakAtuM nathI. A mATe lekhaka "cAra' zabdanuM udAharaNa Ape che. A rUpa mULa saMskRtamAMthI marAThI sudhI badalAyuM ja nathI ke ghaNI badhI bhASAomAM ekasarakhuM ja badalAyuM che te kaLI zakAtuM nathI. A pachIthI lekhake koI paNa bhASA pUrNapaNe niyamabaddha nathI tema kahIne bhASAmAMnAM aniyamita rUpo te prAcIna avazeSonAM ghAtaka hoya che te marAThInAM dRSTAMto dvArA batAvyuM che.

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33 itihAsamAM kALanirNaya e mahattvanI vAta che. bhASAmAM paNa bhASAonI avasthAonA kALanirNaya mATenI je 'kALanirNayapaddhati' kahevAya che te vaDe kALanirNayo thatA hoya che. paNa bhASAmAM kaThaNa vAta che te mULabhUta zabdonI niyatinI, koI paNa bhASAnA mULabhUta zabdo keTalA te kahevuM atyaMta kaThaNa che. itihAsa aMgenI ATalI vigato carcyA pachI lekhake itihAsalekhaka viSenuM potAnuM citra rajU karyuM che ane saMzodhanaviSayaka vicAro paNa jaNAvyA che. bhASA ane peTAbhASA prakaraNa bIjuM 'bhASA ANi peTabhASA' nAmaka che. bhASanA itihAsane tapAsyA pachI lekhaka ahIM bhASAnI vividhatAne nidarze che. samAjamAM judA judA vargo aneka kAraNo vaDe vegaLApaNu jALavI rAkhe che temAM sAmAnya bhASAno viziSTa upayoga e paNa eka kAraNa che. ApaNe sutAra, luhAra, mocI, camAra AdinA saMparkamAM jarUra pUratAM ja chIe. Ama hovAthI teo potAnAM jIvanamAM bhASAno je upayoga kare che tenAthI ApaNe bahu jANItAM hotA nathI. bhASAnA upayoganI A maryAdA jANIe to tenA abhyAsanA eka navA valaNanI ApaNane jANa thAya. AnuM kSetra peTabhASA ke gujarAtI zabda vAparIne kahIe to peTAbhASA gaNAya. jAta ane peTAjAta jevA arthamAM ja bhASA ane peTAbhASA zabdo vaparAyA che. AthI amuka sthaLanI ke amuka varganI bolI te peTAbhASA che ema kahevAthI teno yathArtha samajAze nahIM. A samajAvavA mATe to amuka bolI amuka bhASAnI peTAbhASA che tema kahevuM joIze kema ke 'peATabhASA hI saMbaMdhadarzaka Ahe' (pR. 60). A aMge spaSTatA karatAM lekhaka AgaLa jaNAve che tema marAThI eka bhASA che te vidhAna pUratuM che paraMtu khAnadezI eka peTAbhASA che te pUratuM nathI. eTale khAnadezI marAThInI peTAbhASA che tema kahyA sivAya te vAkayathI artha saraze nahIM. peTAbhASA zabda ApaNe be arthamAM vAparatA hoIe chIe. eka to bolavAmAM vaparAya che ane lakhavAmAM jeno upayoga nathI tevuM bhASAsvarUpa, ane bIjuM ziSTamAnya bhASA karatAM juduM paDatuM bhASAsvarUpa. pahelo muddo to spaSTa che paraMtu bIjA muddAmAM kahelA judApaNAnI tapAsa karavI joIe. baMne vacce uccAraNa, vyAkaraNa ane zabdabhaMDoLa e traNeno taphAvata zodhavo joIe. A prakArano taphAvata darzAvyA pachI paNa amuka bhASAnI amuka peTAbhASA che tema ekadama nahIM kahI zakAya. je te peTAbhASA bolanAro samAja kaI bhASAnA bhASakonA sAMskRtika jIvana sAthe ekatA anubhave che te muddo paNa vicAravo paDaze. eka ja bhASA bolanAra samasta bhASako kadI ekasAthe ekatra thaI zake nahIM. AnuM svAbhAvika pariNAma e Ave ke tenuM vinimayasAdhana paNa vAvyavahAranI ghanatAnA pramANa mujaba pheraphAravALuM rahevAnuM. A pheraphAra eTalo moTo paNa saMbhave ke eka ja bhASAnA be bhASako ekamekane pUrepUrAM na paNa samaje! DaoN. kAlelakare noMdhelo pI. jI. vuDahAusano prasaMga -- jemAM eka chokarInuM aMgrejI samajavA lorDa ekjhavarthane potAnA baTalaranI madada levI paDI hatI te varNavAyuM che te - AnuM udAharaNa che. arthAt bhaugolika ane sAmAjika aMtara vAgvinimayamAM mahattvano bhAga bhajave che. bho. 5

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34 vargonI bolIonuM sthAna lekhaka kahe che tema bolanAranI pratiSThAnusAra hoya che. pahelAM A pratiSThA jAti para nirbhara hatI. brAhmaNonI bolI zuddha, tiraskRta jAtionI. adhama ane AbaMne vacce anya vargonI bolI ema manAtuM. Aje A prakArano bheda lupta thato jaI pratiplAnirbhara bheda astitvamAM Avato jAya che. pratiSThA vadhAravA mATe lekhaka noMdhe che tema zikSaNa, adhikAra ane zrImaMtAI e traNa kAraNo mukhya che. Adarza bhASA kevaLa kaha5nA ApaNe amuka bhASAnI amuka amuka peTAbhASAo che ema kahIe chIe tyAre bhASAmAM ApaNe aneka bhedone aMtabhUta mAnIe chIe. te arthamAM koI paNa bhASAnuM nAma tenI aMtargata bolIo sametanA samUhavAcaka nAmanuM sUcaka hoya che. A rIte jotAM je te nAmathI sUcita thatI bhASA e to eka Adarza che. tene bolanAra koI vyaktinuM astitva ja hotuM nathI. sAmAjika pratiSThAnA uccatama biMdue pahoMcelI vyakti paNa potAnA vAvyavahAramAM bhinnabhinna vArUpo vAparatI hoI, Adarza bhASA e to eka kalpanA mAtra che. AthI DaoN. kAlelakara ThIka ja kahe che ke 'sthira ANi vikArazUnya Adarza marAThI bhASA hI baryAca aMzI eka kalpanA Ave, kRtrima svarUpAe mAdhyama Ahe' (. 69). A samajavA mATe lekhake noMdhyuM che tema lekhana mATe svIkArAyelI pramANabhUta bhASA, vistRta pradezamAM svIkRta evI bolIo sametanI bhASA ane bhASA zabdamAM samAviSTa sthAnika ane sAmAjika vaiziSTaya ema trividha abhyAsa jarUrI bane che. peTAbhASAnuM nirmANa ahIM sudhI je peTAbhASA vize mImAMsA karI te racAya che kaI rIte? Ano vicAra DaoN. kAlelakare poTabhASAMcI nirmiti' nAmaka trIjA prakaraNamAM karyo che. prAraMbhamAM tulanAtmaka abhyAsanA itihAsamAM dRSTi karIne bhUmikA bAMdhI che. pachI tarata ja lekhaka paTAbhASAnI nimiti para Ave che. aitihAsika dRSTie peTAbhASAnuM nirmANa lekhaka be prakAre thatuM hovAnuM jaNAve che. eka to koI eka moTA vistAranI eka bolInuM svAbhAvikapaNe parivartana thaIne je bhinna svarUpa pedA thAya te tenI prAdezika bolI ke peTAbhASA. A svarUpa ke svarUpo ekamekathI jeTalAM vadhAre dUra teTalo e bheda vizeSa tIvra. A rIte peTAbhASA nirmANa thAya. bIjA prakAramAM jyAre koI ekabhASI ToLI eka vistIrNa pradeza para AkramaNa karIne judA judA vistAramAM sthAyI thAya tyAre je te vistAranA mULa rahevAsIonI bhASAnA saMparka pramANe temanI mULa bhASAmAM parivartano thAya. pariNAme peTAbhASA utpanna thAya. eka trIjI ghaTanAthI paNa peTAbhASAnuM nirmANa thAya che. jyAre koI be bhASAsamAjamAMthI eka samAja potAnI bhASA choDIne navI bhASA svIkAre che tyAre kALe karIne A navuM svarUpa mULa karatAM khUba bhinna thaI jAya. A rUpane pachIthI mULanI peTAbhASA kahevAya. - niyata kSetramaryAdA nathI paTAbhASAne jovI joIe tenA mULa rUpe ja. A kema karavuM? kSetranA nAma parathI peTAbhASAnuM nAma ApI devuM temAM tenA svarUpane pAmI zakAtuM nathI. jhayUla jhilyuro (1854-1926) nAmanA phreMca saMzodhake prathama vAra A karI batAvyuM. A kArya eka vyaktine bolAvI phoTo pADI laI tenI bolI rekorDara para dhvanimudrita karI levAthI patatuM nathI. DaoN. kAlelakara kharuM ja kahe che ke 'purAvA dhvanimudrita karuna ThavaNe AjakAla eka phaeNzana hou lAgalI Ahe' (pR. 77). kharuM

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35 saMzodhana to jyAMthI mAhitI meLavavAnI hoya tyAMno pratyakSa saMparka, te paristhiti ane vAtAvaraNanuM jJAna vagerenI apekSA rAkhe che. jhilyeroe 1880-81mAM be sthAnika bolIno abhyAsa karIne pustikA bahAra pADI. tyAra pachIthI temaNe phreMca bhASAnuM bhaugolika citra taiyAra karavA ane peTAbhASAonA kSetravistAranI mAhitI meLavavA dhAryuM. A mATe temaNe 1900 prayogo (zabdo, vAkayo vagerenA) pasaMda karyA. samAna aMtarano mAnadaMDa rAkhIne temaNe frAMsanA 37,000 gAmomAMthI 639 kendro pasaMda karyAM. A kArya mATe temaNe edamaoN (1848-1926) nAmanA eka dukAnadAranI pasaMdagI karI. edamaoNe 1897nA oNgasTanI pahelI tArIkhe A kArya zarU karIne 1901mAM pUruM karyuM. A ekatrita mAhitI eka sAthe mUkIne joI to pahelAM to bhAre dhakko lAgyo. temAMthI ema jaNAyuM ke peTAbhASAne koI niyata kSetramaryAdA ja nathI! samoccAradarzaka rekhA tema ja bolIbheda darzAvatI rekhAonAM jALAM AmAM kAraNabhUta hatAM. samoccAradarzaka rekhA eTale uccAraNa vaDe kSetrabheda darzAvatI kAlpanika rekhA. AvI rekhAo jyAM vizeSa mAlUma paDe tyAM bolIno pharaka ke taphAvata vizeSa hoya. AvA vistArane bolIvistAra kahI zakAya ane tenuM juduM nAmAbhidhAna paNa karI zakAya. jhilyeronA nakazAomAM A prakAranI mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI hatI. AnA parathI eka ja bhASAbhASI samAja zabdonA vaparAzamAM keTalo badho judo paDato hoya che te jaNAyuM. A prakAranI sAmagrImAMthI bhASAnAM sthaLAMtaro, jUnI bhASAnA avazeSo sAMskRtika kSetravistAro, vinimayanI sulabhatA vagere jevAM bhASAnA itihAsane poSaka tattvo che tenA vize mAhitI prApya bane che. A badhuM karavA mATe lekhaka kahe che tema zAstrIya saMzodhananI jarUra che. 'AtmasaMzodhana ANi AtmavizleSaNa' e AvA zAsrIya saMzodhananuM paheluM pagathiyuM che. ApaNA dezamAM bhASAnA abhyAsa aMgenI to akhUTa sAmagrI paDI che. tenA abhyAsathI je samajAze te, lekhaka ThIka ja kahe che ke, bhASAzAstranA badhA graMtho vAMcyAthI paNa nahIM samajAya. lekhake A anusaMdhAne TAMkelu morisa mAeteralikanA nATakamAMnuM dRSTAMta sUcaka che. lIlA raMganA pakSInA saMzodhana mATe phogaTa rakhaDIrakhaDIne pAchA AvelAe ghera AvIne joyuM to potAnA pALelA popaTano raMga lIlo hato! marma vaDe saMzodhananuM mahattva ane temAM rAkhavo paDato viveka darzAvavA mATe DaoN. kAlelakaranI zailI kevI mArmika bane che tenuM A udAharaNa gaNavuM joIe. peTAbhASAnuM mUlya ahIM sudhI lekhake peTAbhASAnuM je vivecana karyuM tenA abhyAsanI jarUriyAta viSe cothA prakaraNamAM carcA kare che. A prakaraNanuM zIrSaka temaNe 'poTabhASAMcyA abhyAsAce mahattva' evuM rAkhyuM che. hajI peTAbhASA eTale zuddha bhASAnuM apabhraMza svarUpa evI mAnyatA pravarte che te barAbara nathI. AvI mAnyatAne kAraNe A prakAranI bolIone miTAvI devAnA niSphaLa prayatno paNa thayelA che. faca rAjyakrAMtinI zarUAtamAM krAMtikArI rASTrIya samitie AkhA frAMsamAM pramANabhUta phreMcanuM jJAna meLavI levA mATenuM pharamAna kADhayuM. pariNAme AnI pratikriyA rUpe potAnA pUrvajonI bolIone vAparavAno Agraha pedA thayo! bolIonA vaparAzane koI paNa prakAranuM dabANa, Ama, rokI zakavA samartha nathI. bolI e rojiMdA vyavahAranuM svAbhAvika sAdhana che. ATalI vAta bolI viSe karyA pachIthI lekhake bhAratIya bhASAonAM, jaoNrja grIarsane karelAM, sarvekSaNanI mAhitI ApI che. jaoNrja grIarsane (1851-1946) I.sa. 1894nI

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sAlanA saMpUrNa bhAratane AvarI laIne bhASAonI mAhitI ekaThI karI. pahelI mAhitI pramANe kula 231 bhASA ane 774 peTAbhASA bolAtI hovAnuM jaNAyuM. paraMtu pratyakSa tapAse A saMkhyA anukrame 179 ane 544nI darzAvI. sahu potapotAnI jAtinuM potAnI bhASAne nAma ApI detAM. "telI haNato mI telI bhASA bolato' (pR. 93). Ama thavAthI bhASAnI thayelI saMkhyAne pratyakSa tapAse ochI karI nAMkhI. tyAra bAda lekhake I.sa.1894thI zarU thaIne lagabhaga 34 varSa pUrA thayelA jaoNrja grIarsananA bhAratIya bhASA sarvekSaNanI vigato ApI che. ATalI vigato pachIthI lekhaka peTAbhASAnuM mUlya samajAvatAM kahe che ke vyakti vyakti vaccenuM aMtara dUra karavA mATe peTAbhASAnA upayoga jevo bIjo koI uttama mArga nathI. AthI AnuM mahattva jeTaluM vaheluM samajAya teTaluM sAruM. DaoN. kAlelakara A aMge "iMgajIta bolana lokajAgatI hota nAhI che jyAnA kaLate tyAMnA tI hiMdIta kivA pramANabhUta marAThIta boluna hI hoNAra nAhI he kaLale pANije (pR. 96). Ama kahe che te keTaluM badhuM sAcuM che te A kSetramAM paDelAM sahu koI kabUla karaze. vicAra ane vANIne saMbaMdha paraMparAgata chellA prakaraNamAM DaoN. kAlelakara 'bhASAMcyA kSetramaryAdA'nI carcA kare che. ApaNe joyuM che ke parivartananuM sAtatya e bhASAnA itihAsamAM Adi tattva che. paraMtu je Azaya mATe samAja judI judI saMjJA yoje che te Azaya to abAdhita hoya che. dAkhalA tarIke pAMdaDuM' zabda vaDe je Azaya siddha karavAno che te saMskRta kALamAM paNa', prAkRtakALamAM paNa ane Aje pAna" jevAM bhinna bhinna uccAraNo vaDe thAya che, paraMtu Azaya pote to te ja rahyo che. Ano artha e thayo ke koI eka kalpanA ane tene vyakta karanAra dhvanisamUhano saMbaMdha nisarga prApta nathI, kAryakAraNavALo nathI, e to che mAtra paraMparAgata. eka ja Azayane vyakta karavA vibhinna bhASAsamAja vibhinna zabdono upayoga kare che te A ghaTanAnA moTA purAvArUpa che. ApaNe parabhASAnA zabdo ApaNI bhASAmAM laI zakIe chIe tyAM paNa dhvani ane arthanA naisargika saMbaMdhano abhAva ApaNane madadarUpa thAya che. paraMtu dhvani to bhASAmAM parivartana pAmyA ja karato hoya che. vaLI dareka pradezamAM parivartananuM rUpa paNa juduM juduM thatuM hoya che. AvuM rUpa samAjanA vAvyavahAramAM aDacaNakartA na thAya tyAM sudhI ApaNe tene sthAnika bheda kahI zakIe. paraMtu A 35nA bhedaprabhedo vadhavA ane vAvyavahAramAM kadI kadI aDacaNa paNa dekhAvA lAge tyAre te rUpane paTAbhASA kahI zakAya. AthI AgaLa vadhIne e bheda eTalo badho thaI jAya ke prastuta rUpane zIkhyA vinA pAmI ja na zakAya tyAre bhASA banI gaI gaNAya. ane eka rUpa jyAre bhASA banI rahe tyAre to lipi vaDe tenuM sAhitya paNa baddha thAya. jyAM peTAbhASAmAMthI bhASA thavAnI paristhiti UbhI ja na thaI hoya tevA samAja kaMI thoDA nathI. koMkaNI, khAnadezI, varahADI vagere Aje paNa marAThI lipine ja upayoga kare che ane bhIlI, kacchI vagere te ja rIte gujarAtI lipino upayoga kare che. sarahadane prazna koI paNa eka bhASAnA prAdezika rUponI sarahada niyata karavI te lagabhaga azakyavat che. mAtra sthAnabheda pramANe AvAM rUponA pheraphAra samoccAradarzaka rekhAo vaDe darzAvI zakAya. peTA

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37 bhASAne koI nizcita kSetramaryAdA hotI nathI te aMgeno pherdinA da sasyUrano abhiprAya TAMkIne DaoN. kAlelakare te vAta ahIM spaSTa karI ApI che. be bhiganI bhASAonI sImA paranA pradezanA prazno ApaNe tyAM bahu vikaTa che. be bhinna vaMzanI bhASAo hoya to tyAM A prazna kaMIka sahelo che. jyAM je bhASAnA bhASako vizeSa te te bhAga te bhASAno evo toDa lAvI zakAya; paraMtu eka ja vaMzanI bhASAomAM zuM karavuM? koI ekAdI bolI kaI bhASAnI aMtargata che te niyata karavuM atyaMta kaThina che. saMkramaka svarUpanI bolIo hoya tyAM bhASAzAstranA mata uparAMta DaoN. kAlelakaranA mate 'pradezAMtIlalokAMcyA bhAvanelA adhika mahattva Ahe' (pR. 110). DaoN. kAlelakare A mATe DAMgInuM dRSTAMta lIdhuM che. temanuM kahevuM che ke DAMgI viSenA jhaghaDAmAM sahue grIarsananI sAmagrI para bhASyo karyAM che, paraMtu pratyakSa kArya karIne, ghaTanAonA nirIkSaNa drArA koIe sAMskRtika saMbaMdha zodhavAno prayatna karyo nathI. kharuM jotAM bhASAzAstrInuM kAma ja taTasthatApUrvakano abhyAsa karavAnuM che, koI rAjakIya pakSanA hAthA banavAnuM nahIM. Ama DaoN. kAlelakare A pAMca prakaraNomAM bhASAne eka sAmAjika saMsthA tarIke nihALI che ane bahu ja vizadatAthI tenA bhedaprabhedo sAthenA saMbaMdhanI vicAraNA karI che. bIjI vAta DaoN. kAlelakaranA A pustakamAMthI e tarI Ave che ke bhASAno jo A dRSTibiMduthI abhyAsa karavAmAM Ave to samAjanA aneka aitihAsika ane sAMskRtika koyaDAonA ukelavAmAM bhASA atyaMta madadarUpa thaI zake. bhAratIya bhASAomAM, A viSayamAM, zAsrIya kahI zakAya tevuM sAhitya nahivat che. dezI bhASAomAM zAstrone na ja utArI zakAya tema mAnanArA vargAe A pustaka jovA jevuM che. zAstrIyatAnA patha para rahIne DaoN. kAlelakare A viSaya AsvAdya banAvyo che te temanA viSayajJAnanI sAthosAtha svabhASA paranA prabhutvane paNa nirdeze che. prastuta pustaka paranuM A vivecana gujarAtanA koI bhASAvidane A jAtano gujarAtImAM svataMtra prayAsa karavA prere to 'graMtha'nI itara bhASAonAM pustakonA vivecananI kAmagIrI lekhe lAgI gaNAya.

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bhASA ane vijJAnanA samanvita gujarAtI graMtha* DaoN. paMDitanuM A pustaka 1966mAM gujarAta yunivarsiTIe prakAzita karyuM te pahelAM A viSayanA abhyAsIoe to AmAMno ghaNokharo bhAga vibhinna sAmayikomAM lekho rUpe joyelo ja che. DaoN. paMDita gujarAta yunivarsiTImAM ATheka varSa jeTaluM rahyA ane te gALAmAM mukhyatve guja rAtImAM adhyApanakArya karyuM tenA kAraNe gujarAtI bhASA aMge vicAra karavAnuM banyuM ane AnA paripAka rUpe vakhata jatAM A pustaka gujarAtI bhASAmAM pragaTayuM. 1967mAM rASTrapati pAritoSika meLavanArAM pustakomAMnAM be pustako bhASAvijJAnanAM che te ghaTanA A viSayamAM dezI bhASAomAM paNa vittavALuM kArya thaI rahyuM che tenI ghotaka gaNAvI zakAya. AmAMnuM eka pustaka te marAThImAM lakhAyeluM DaoN. kAlelakaranuM 'bhASA : itihAsa ANi bhUgoLa' ane bIjuM te DaoN. paMDitanuM gujarAtImAM lakhAyeluM prastuta pustaka. AmAMnA prathamane A ja sAmayikanA me, 1967nA aMkamAM A lekhake avalokayuM hatuM ane bIjuM prakAzana pachInA ThIka ThIka lAMbA gALA pachI ahIM avalokAya che. 'bhASAnA saMketo' nAmanA prAraMbhanA prakaraNamAM bhASAnA 'sattva'no sphoTa karavAmAM Avyo che. bhASAne bhASA tarIke jovAthI ja tenuM svarUpa samajI zakAya. koI paNa ghaTanAnA svarUpane samajavA mATe jeTalA aMze anya ghaTanAonAM mUlyo lAgu karavAmAM Ave teTalA aMze te ghaTanAnI samajamAM UNapa rahevAnI che. A vAta anya vijJAnanA abhyAsIonI jema bhASAvijJAnI viSe paNa teTalI ja sAcI che. bALakanA bhASAzikSaNanI pravRttinuM nirIkSaNa karatAM ema jaNAya che ke bALaka samAjamAMthI bhASA zIkhe che. arthAt bhASA e eka prakArano saMskAra che. te koI AnuvaMzika ghaTanA nathI. bhASAne saMskAra mAnIne cAlIe to samAje samAje temAM bheda hovAno ja. svabhASA karatAM parabhASAmAM judApaNuM hovAnuM ja. A judApaNAne je te bhASAnI vicitratAmAM na khapAvIe. bhASAnA abhyAsIne mana koI bhASA vicitra nathI. abhyAsI to tenAM ghaTaka tattvone pAmavA prayatna kare che. pratyeka bhASAnI anaMta dhvanisRSTimAMthI bhASAvijJAnI to je maryAdita ghaTako che tene pakaDavAno prayAsa kare che. AmAM te lipi vaDe doravAI jato nathI. lipi to bhASAne saMgharavA mATenuM apUrNa evuM eka sAdhana mAtra che te vAta satata yAda rAkhavI rahe che. udAharaNa tarIke bhASAmAM je avibhAjya tattvo (supra segmental features) hoya che tenA mATe ghaNI badhI bhASAomAM koI lipisaMjJA nathI hotI. Ama lipi ane bhASAne judI rAkhavI ghaTe che. A prakaraNamAM DaoN. paMDite bhASAne lagatI A badhI hakIkatone udAharaNo sameta spaSTa karI ApI che. je bhASAsaMketonI vAta karavAmAM AvI che te saMketo dhvaninA banelA che. Ama hovAthI svAbhAvika rIte ja te tapAsavA mATe uccAraNanI tapAsa jarUrI banaze. bIjuM prakaraNa 'uccAraNa-- * gujarAtI bhASAnuM dhvanisvarUpa ane dhvaniparivartana le. DA. prakhAdha che. paoNMDita. (gujarAta yunivasaTI, amadAvAda, 1966, pA. 308, rUA. 10).

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39 prakriyA' zIrSaka taLe A vicAraNA kare che. bhASAmAM 'vAcikadhvani'nI vyavasthA hoya che, game te dhvani bhASAno dhvani banI zakato nathI. Ama hovAthI vAcikadhvaninuM utpAdana kaI rIte thAya che tenI samajaNa paNa Avazyaka banaze. AthI uccAraNamAM kAma AvatA avayavo ane temanuM kArya ahIM vigate, AkRtio ApIne, samajAvAyuM che. vANI mATeno koI khAsa avayava nathI. judA judA avayavo maLIne vANI utpanna karatA hoya che. A je vANI utpanna thAya te vibhAjya che. pratyeka bhASAmAM tenAM maryAdita ghaTako ja hoya che. pratyeka bhASAmAM ghaTakonI saMkhyA, prakAra, vyavasthA vagere AgavAM hoya che. bhASAvijJAnI A vyavasthAne bahAra ANato hoya che. koI paNa uccAraNane varNavavAmAM uccAraNagata vargIkaraNa uccAraNanAM sthAna ane prayatnane varNavatuM hoya che. uccAraNanuM vargIkaraNa mAtra varNanamUlaka ane zrAvaNamUlaka paNa hoI zake, paraMtu bhASAvijJAnI e baMne prakAranAM vargIkaraNo choDIne paraMparAthI cAlyA AvatA uccAraNagata vargIkaraNane vaLagI rahyo che tenI pAchaLa kAraNo che. varNanamUlaka vargIkaraNa ApoApa ja zAstrIya vicArapraNAlInI bahAra rahI jAya che. zrAvaNamUlaka vargIkaraNamAM gaNita ane bhautika vijJAnanI samajanI jarUra hoI bhASAvijJAnIe potA para A vadhArAno boja vahevo paDe che. jyAre trIjA prakAranuM varNana bhASAvijJAnI uccAraNaavayavonAM bhinna bhinna halanacalananAM varNano drArA ApI zakato hoya che. uparAMta A prakAranuM varNana bhASAvijJAnIne je prakAranI jarUra che temAM kaMI UNapavALuM paNa nathI jaNAtuM. A prakaraNamAM A vargIkaraNanI vicAraNA karavAmAM AvI che. phephasAMmAMthI bahAra pheMkAtI havA ane bahArathI mukha yaMtramAM jatI havA para kevA kevA prakAranAM dabANo, avarodho, aTakAyato vagere bhAga bhajavatAM hoya che tenI vigata AkRtio, udAharaNo ApIne ahIM samajAvela che. uccAraNa-prakriyAmAM A uparAMta sUra, Arohaavaroha, kAlamAna, jaMkacara ityAdi jevAM avibhAjya ghaTako paNa saMmilita hoya che. A badhAMnuM bhedakapaNuM bhASAe bhASAe nirALuM hoya che. pratyeka bhASAnI yojanA, Ama, AgavI hoya che. ahIM gujarAtI bhASAne kendrasthAne rAkhIne, judI judI aneka bhASAomAM dRSTAMto dvArA uccAraNanI prakriyA varNavAI che. uccAraNanI prakriyAmAM dhvaninI anaMtatA che. koI paNa eka bhASAmAM dhvani anaMta prakAranA hoya che. e anaMta dhvaninI noMdha bhASakano kAna leto nathI. kAna sAMbhaLe che. aneka prakAranA dhvanio paraMtu je te bhASAmAM je bhedakani hoya tenI ja noMdha te leto hoya che. udAharaNa tarIke gujarAtImAM aneka prakAranA [5] dhvani bolAtA hovA chatAM gujarAtI bhASakano kAna to temAMnA 5 nI ja noMdha levAno che. arthAt je te bhASAno bhASaka sAMbhaLe che dhvanine paraMtu tenuM cittataMtra noMdha le che dhvaninA je te ghaTakanI. bhASakanA cittamAM ghaTaka judo paDe che tenA bhedakadharmAne kAraNe. A bhedakadharmAnI niyati mATe judA judA mAnadaMDo che. AmAMnA (1) sarvathA bhinna saMdarbha (2) aMzata: bhinna saMdarbha ane (3) sarvathA samarekha saMdarbha jevA mAnadaMDo lagADIne dhvanighaTakanI niyati karavAmAM AvatI hoya che. uparAMta bhASAno DhALo (pattern) paNa dhvanighaTakanI niyatimAM ghaNIvAra tALArUpa banato hoya che. dhvanighaTakano vibhAva samajAvavAmAM A badhI zAstrIya carcAne ahIM gujarAtI bhASAnAM dRSTAMtothI AvarI levAI che. ghaTakane tAravavAnuM kAma saheluM nathI. jyAre be uktio aLagI rahI zakavAmAM je dharma kAmiyAba nIvaDato hoya tenI upasthiti hoya tyAre to A kAma saheluM che paraMtu te dharmanI anupasthiti vakhate zuM ? gujarAtI bhASAnA Da (DozIno) ane (jhADamAMnA)nI carcA vaDe Ano uttara apAyo che.

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40 cothuM prakaraNa gujarAtInA dhvanitaMtrane varNave che. anaMta uccAraNomAMthI bhASAvijJAnI je te bhASAnA dhvanighaTakone kaI rIte tArave che teno eka uttama namUno gujarAtInuM dhvanitaMtra' nAmanuM A prakaraNa che. gujarAtIno artha jene janasAmAnya mAnya gujarAtIthI oLakhe che te samajavAno che. A gujarAtInAM svaro, ardhasvaro, vyaMjanonAM ghaTako ane be uktione aLagI rAkhavAmAM kAmiyAba nIvaDatAM jaMkacara jevAM avibhAjya ghaTakonI ahIM vistRta jhINavaTabharI ane tarkazuddha carcA prApta thAya che. ahIM prastuta karelI A carcA dvArA bhASAnA dhvanitaMtrane varNavavA mATeno eka anukaraNIya mAnadaMDa maLI rahe che. A mAnadaMDa banI rahyo che tenI pratIti AnA pachI bahAra pahelAM bhAratIya bhASAonAM dhvanitaMtranAM varNano A mAnadaMDane najara sAme rAkhIne cAlyAM che tenA parathI maLI rahe che. DaoN. kAnAe to potAnI vicAraNAmAM A mAnadaMDanA TheraThera havAlA ja nAkhyA karyA che. A vicAraNAmAMnI anunAsiko, /h/no vicAra ityAdinI carcA sAthe koI pUrepUruM saMmata na thAya tema bane. AnI saMgati ahIM je rIte thaI che tenA karatAM judI rIte kare tevuM paNa bane. paraMtu je tAkAtathI je tarkabaddhatAthI A mAnadaMDa Ubho karAyo che te bhASAnA saMzodhanakAro mATe bhAre upayogI puravAra thayo che. gujarAtImAM dhvanighaTakonI tAravaNI uparAMta A bhASAmAM saMkula akSaronI vyavasthA ane akSaranuM svarUpa vagerenI paNa carcA thayelI che. vaLI akSaranI sImAo niyata karavA mATe uccAraNagata ane vyavasthAgata baMne paddhatio apanAvI zakAya che tenI spaSTatA karIne vyavasthAgata paddhati balavattara che tenI paNa ahIM spaSTatA karavAmAM AvI che. pustakanAM pAMcathI ATha sudhInAM cAra prakaraNo aitihAsika bhASAvijJAnanI carcAmAM che. pAMcamuM prakaraNa parivartananI prakriyA aMgenuM che. bhASAnAM dhvaniparivartana, vyAkaraNa parivartana, arthaparivartana ane zabdarAzinI vadhaghaTa jevAM parivartanomAMthI mukhyatve ahIM pahelAM beno vicAra karavAmAM Avyo che. teramA saikAnI AsapAsa bolAtI gujarAtI ane arvAcIna gujarAtInI sarakhAmaNI karIne parivartana prakriyAne spaSTa karavAmAM AvI che. prAcIna gujarAtIno to koI bhASaka Aje maLavAno nathI. AvA saMjogomAM lipinA purAvAonA AdhAre je anumAno thAya te vajUdavALAM lekhI zakAya teno, tulanAtmaka paddhatie purAvo ApIne, ahIM tALo meLavI ApavAmAM Avyo che. joke mukhyatve dhvaniparivartana ane vyAkaraNa parivartananI carcA ahIM prastuta karI che tema chatAM zabdarAzinI vadhaghaTa ane arthaparivartana tarapha paNa aMgrejI ane gujarAtInAM anukrame haeNnDa-hAtha ane sTepa-pagaluMnAM joDakAMo jevAM ghaNAM dRSTAMto dvArA aMgulinirdeza karI Apyo che. A badhAM parivartanonI tapAsa bhASAnA itihAsanirUpaNa mATe anivArya banI rahe che. A siddhAMtacarcAne udAhata karavAmAM AvI che, "dhvaniparivartana' nAmanA chaThThA prakaraNamAM. uccAraNanI eka ja rekhA para aMgrejI, gujarAtI ane marAThI bhASaka kevA bhinna bhinna bheda karatA hoya che tenuM udAharaNa ApIne pratyeka bhASakanuM citaMtra potAnI bhASAnI vyavasthAnA mALakhAmAM ja anya bhASAnAM ghaTakone paNa nAkhavA TevAyeluM hoya che te ghaTanA bahAra ANI che. koI paNa bhASAmAM parivartana aviratapaNe thayAM ja karatuM hoya che. samAjamAM koI paNa be vyaktino jene samarUpa kahI zakAya te prakArano vyavahAra saMbhavI zake ja nahIM. samAja zabda ja saMbhavata: A arthano sUcaka che. Ama hovAthI parivartana aMge vibhinna kAraNonI khoja anAvazyaka che te 2. 'A Gujarati Reference Grammar --- George Cardona, Philadelphia (1965).

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41 ghaTanAnI paNa ahIM noMdha levAI che. dhvaniparivartana e samagra bhASAsamAjanI deNa che te AmAMthI phalita thAya che. prakaraNa sAtamAmAM sAdRzya parivartananI carcA maLe che. dhvaniparivartana karatAM A parivartana juduM paDe che te tenI 'vyaktimUlakatAnA kAraNe. dhvaniparivartana samagrasamAjanI deNa che jyAre sAdRzya parivartana vyakti dvArA thatuM parivartana che. AnAM sArUpya, vairUkha, Agama, lopa vagerenAM tathA ekasAthe vaparAzamAM AvavAthI varNo, zabdo vageremAM thatAM parivartanonAM gujarAtI bhASAmAMthI aneka udAharaNo laIne sAdRzya parivartanaprakriyA spaSTa karavAmAM AvI che. dhvaniparivartana karatAM A parivartanamAM bhASakanAM zrRticitranA parivartananI sUkSmatA ochI hoya che. Ama hovAthI AvAM parivartano dhvaniparivartananI jema vyApaka bane nahIM. A rIte jotAM bhASAnA itihAsakArane A parivartano karatAM dhvaniparivartananuM mUlya savizeSa rahevAnuM. AThamuM prakaraNa 'gujarAtI svaravyavasthAnuM parivartana' nAmanuM che. ahIM kALamaryAdA prAkRtathI mAMDIne gujarAtI sudhInI svIkArAI che. bhASAno itihAsakAra kALapaTa para game te be cheDA niyata karIne bhASAno itihAsa tapAsI zake che. prAkRtakALanA pUrvanA cheDAne anya vidvAnoe sAMkaLavAnA prayatno karyA hovAthI lekhake ahIM tenI punarvicAraNAmAM javAnuM pasaMda karyuM nathI. saMskRtakALanI svaravyavasthA kaI rIte judI paDe che te ane pachIthI prAkRta, tenI aMtima bhUmikA eTale ke apabhraMza, vagerenI svaravyavasthAthI jUnI gujarAtInI svaravyavasthA kaI rIte judI paDe che tenI vistRta, satarka carcA ahIM prastuta thayelI che. A vyavasthA samajAvavAmAM lipi kevo bhAga bhajavatI hoya che, lahiyAonI 'bhUlo' kevI madadarUpa nIvaDatI hoya che, ane AvI bIjI aneka ghaTanAonI saMgati arthe tarkabaddha vicArasaraNInI kevI jarUra paDatI hoya che tenI pratIti A prakaraNa karAve che. bhASAno itihAsakAra bhASAnA itihAsane AvAM parivartano dvArA ja pAmI zake. A parathI saheje samajI zakAze ke koI eka niyata kALe bhASAnA eka rUpano tabakko pUro thayo ane bIjo zarU thayo tevAM vidhAnono khAsa vizeSa artha nathI. kharekhara to A prakAranA bhASAnA tabakkAo sAhityanA tabakkAone ja sUcavatA hoya che. bAkI bhASAnuM parivartana AvA custa khaMDakone AdhIna vartatuM hotuM nathI. chellAM be prakaraNo bolInI carcAmAM rokAyelAM che. koI paNa bhASAsamAjamAM kALa paratve parivartana thAya che tema sthaLa paratvenuM paNa parivartana dekhAya che. bolI te sthaLa paratvenuM bhASAparivartana che. koI paNa bhASAsamAjamAM bolIbheda to rahevAnA ja. bhASAzAstrI AvA bhedo ane mAnyabhASA e baMne svarUpane eka ja rIte jue che. bolInAM svarUpo bhASAzAstrIne mana halakAM ke azuddha nathI. bolIno Ugama vAvyavahAranI ghanatAmAMthI thAya che. samAjano pratyeka sabhya ekasarakhA pramANamAM kadI vAvyavahAra karI zake nahIM. Ama na bane tenAM ghaNAM badhAM binabhASAkIya kAraNo che. nadI, parvata, jaMgala ityAdinA kudaratI aMtarAyo ane jJAti, vargA vagere jevA sAmAjika aMtarAyo AmAM bhAga bhajavatA jaNAya che. uparAMta parivartana e bhASAnI siddha ghaTanA hoI, koI paNa bhASAsamAjamAM bolIbheda to rahevAno ja. bolIbhedanI judI judI rekhAonA samuccaya dvArA bolIonA vistAro niyata karI zakAya. alabatta, amuka vistAramAM amuka ja niyata jagyAe eka bolI pUrI thaI ane tyAra pachIthI bIjI bolI zarU thaI tevuM vidhAna karI zakAya nahIM. phalita ema thAya ke tAttvika rIte jotAM bolInI sImAne niyata karI zakAya nahIM. Ama hovAthI jyAre amuka bolIone amuka bhASAonI mA, bahena ke mAsI jevA sagAI-saMbaMdhothI varNavAya che tyAre bhASAzAstrIne mana tevAM bhA. 6

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vidhAnono khAsa kaMI artha hoto nathI. bhinna bhinna bolIomAMthI koI ekane dhArmika, sAMskRtika ke rAjakIya ke AvuM bIjuM koI baLa prApta thavAthI te mAnya bhASAnuM rUpa meLavatI hoya che. teno artha, te bolI anya bolIo karatAM saheje caDhiyAtI che tevo nathI ja. bolInAM svatvamAM binabhASAgata kAraNo khUba bhAga bhajave che. eka kALanAM prasArakendro (Focal areas) bIjA kALe avaziSTa kendro (Relic areas) banI jAya ema paNa bane. arthAt eka kALe koI paNa prakAranAM sahakArI baLane kAraNe anukaraNIya darajjo bhogavato bolIvistAra tevAM baLa bhAMgI paDatAM, pachIthI, anukaraNIya raheto nathI. saurASTramAM jUnAgaDhanI AjubAjuno pradeza AnA dRSTAMta tarIke ahIM udAhata karavAmAM Avyo che. Aje te pradeza prasArakendrano mobho bhogavato nathI. bhASAmAM AvI ghaTamALa cAlyA ja kare che. mAnyabhASA ane bolI baMne viSenA dhuMdhaLA citrane kAraNe zaikSaNika kSetre kevI graMthio pedA thatI hoya che tenI paNa ahIM noMdha levAI che. chelle bolIonuM kramika vibhAjanamAM saMskRtakALathI mAMDIne jUnI gujarAtI sudhInA vibhAjanane jovAmAM AvyuM che. A mATe zilAlekhonI bhASA, khatapatranI bhASA, nATakomAM jaLavAyelI bhASA vagerenI madada laIne vibhinna lakSaNo tAravavAmAM AvyAM che. traNeka hajAra varSa pUrvenI bhAratIya Arya bolInA kramika vibhAjanane pariNAme Aje avadhI, AsAmI, uDiyA, urdU-hiMdI, kacchI, kAzmIrI, koMkaNI, gujarAtI, pahADI, paMjAbI, bhIlI, bhojapurI, magahI, maithilI, lahandA, rAjasthAnI, siMdhI, siMhalI ityAdi jevI bhASAo-bolIo vikasI che. AmAMthI gujarAtInuM jUtha je lakSaNothI juduM paDe che teno ullekha karIne jUnI gujarAtIthI mAMDIne arvAcIna gujarAtI kALa sudhInA keTalAka dhvanivyApAronI paNa ahIM noMdha levAmAM AvI che. Ama bhASAnA saMketonI samajaNathI prAraMbhAyeluM A pustaka arvAcIna gujarAtInI bolIono nirdeza karIne virAma pAme che. | gujarAtI bhASAnA dhvanisvarUpane lekhake ahIM vistArathI ane pUrI tAkAtathI tapAsyuM che, jyAre dhvaniparivartana ane bolIonI carcAmAM vadhAre sAmagrInI apekSA rahe che. alabatta, je kaMI apAyuM che tenI tarkazuddha saMgati vize bhAgye ja zaMkAne sthAna rahe che. pustakanI zailI gujarAtI gadyasAhityamAM noMdhapAtra banI rahe che. vijJAnanA phoTa arthe kevA prakAranuM gadya jarUrI hoya che teno eka uttama namUno A pustakane gaNAvI zakAya. bhASA aMge zuddha-azuddhanA khyAlanI nirarthakatA samajAvavA mATe DaoN. paMDite gAmaDiyA chokarA(nI ja bhASA) dvArA "zuddha premI zikSakanuM moM kevuM baMdha karI dIdhuM che! AkhAye pustakamAM gujarAtI bhASAnuM joma ane pote najara sAme AvyA kare che. pustakamAMthI AnAM asaMkhya udAharaNo vAcako vINI zakaze. pustakanI bIjI vizeSatA paribhASAnA prazna paratvenI che. DaoN. paMDitane paribhASAno prazna kayAMya naDyo hoya tema lAgatuM nathI. viSaya aMgenI spaSTatA ane pakaDa hoya to tenI samajAvaTamAM paribhASAno prazna koI prANaprazna banI jato nathI te A pustake darzAvI ApyuM che. bhASA aMgenA atyaMta jaTila prazno paNa vAcakone udAharaNothI sugrAhya banAvAyA che te pustakanI trIjI vizeSatA. pustakamAMnI zaratacUko vize bhAI yogendra* dhyAna doryuM che te yAdIne thoDI lAMbI banAvI zakAya paraMtu tenuM mUlya paNa zaratacUka jeTaluM ja hoI, tenI vigato utAravI ahIM jarUrI gaNI nathI. AnA pachI gujarAtInA vyAkaraNa vize DaoN. paMDita lakhe to gujarAtI bhASAnA vizleSaNanI eka saLaMga rekhA prApya bane. paNa e to thaI 'tonI vAta. e to khasI jAya tevo dina kahAM? vaijJAnika abhigama" : yogendra vyAsa, vizva mAnava" saLaMga aMka 75, mArca, 1967 5. 20,

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kacchI zabdAvali : eka adhyayananuM adhyayana' (zrI pratAparAya go. trivedIne uttara) [me 1972nA * svAdhyAya 'mAM kacchI rAmdAvali' para zrI pratAparAya gA. trivedInA lekha chapAyA che. A lekhanA uttara ApavA amane yAgya jaNAvAthI ame tA. 5-8-72nA rAja - svAdhyAya 'ne amArA nIcenA lekha meAkalyA hatA. svAdhyAye A lekha bIjA be aMko sudhI ( arthAt cha mAsa ) levAze nahIM tevA uttara pAThavyA. prastuta lekha e svataMtra rIte UbheA thayelA lekha nathI. te teA 'svAdhyAya'nA lekhanA uttararUpe avatarelA che. Ama hovAthI svAdhyAya ' ja te chApe temAM aucitya hatuM. paraMtu upara kahelA uttara svAdhyAya ' taraphathI maLatAM tathA bahu lAMbA gALe AmAM vIte teA saMdarbhe badalAya che tema amane jaNAtAM A lekha vidyApITha mAM prakAzana arthe ame ApIe chIe. 'svAdhyAya 'nA vAcakAne ame sIdhuM ja A lakhANa pahoMcADI nathI zakatA te mATe dilagIra chIe. -- zA. ] 'svAdhyAya' me 1972nA aMkamAM zrI pratAparAya go. trivedIno 'kacchI zabdAvali' parano lekha joyo. A prakAranA kAryamAM teoe rasa laIne je puruSArtha dAkhavyo che te dAda mAgI le tevo gaNAya. zrI trivedInA A lekhane bAda karatAM A pustikA para jenI gaNanA karI zakAya tevuM vivecana thayuM jANyuM nathI. A arthe paNa lekha AvakArya che. lekhakAre A kAryamAM je puruSArtha karyo che tenI kadara karI, tene abhinaMdI, amAre ema kahevAnuM thAya che ke jo bhASAnA zAstranI bhUmikA AmAM hota tema ja A bhUmikA vinA paNa lekhakAre jo DaoN. paMDitanI prastAvanA tema ja kartAnI prAstAvika bhUmikA 'zabdAvaline jotAM pahelAM jhINavaTathI joI-samajI hota to teono A 19 pAnAno lekha, saMbhavata:, eka noMdha jeTalo TUMko banI jAta! have lekhakAranA adhyayananuM adhyayana karIe. lekhakArane zabdAvali viSe je kaMI vAMdhAjanaka jaNAtuM hovAnuM lAgyuM che te badhuM nIce mujaba darzAvI zakAya : dhvanitaMtranI bAbatamAM : dhvanitaMtranI bAbatamAM lekhakAranI TIkA nIcenA muddAo paratve che. 1. Gga ane ja 2. ane ma 3. 4. dhvani dhvani raLa dhvani bhedasUcaka dRSTAMtomAM zabdonI pasaMdagI A pachIthI zabdAvali aMge teone je TIkA ApI che tene nIcenA muddAomAM AvarI laI zakAya. 1. bhinna svarUpo maLe che tevAM zabdarUpo 2. kacchImAM jeno prayoga nathI tevA zabdo 3. joDaNI ane arthapharaka darzAvatA zabdo have lekhakAranA A vAMdhAone eka pachI eka laIne samajAvavAno ame namra prayatna karIe.

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ga ane ja vize : lekhakAra ga ane ja e baMne(jene pote saMgharthIo kahe che)nA uccAra ga ane ja karatAM judA che tema jaNAve che. lekhakAra ahIM zuM kahevuM che te spaSTa karI zakyA nathI. ame to prAraMbhamAM jaNAvyuM che tema A je kaMI sAmagrI amane prApya banI che tenA AdhAre kareluM vargIkaraNa che. ane temAM uparyukta dhvanio amane prApta thayA nathI tethI ame tenI carcA karI nathI. paraMtu AvA dhvanio prApta thAya to paNa lekhakAra 'uccAra spaSTa rIte judo tarI Ave che tema dalIla kare che te pUratI nathI. koI paNa dhvaninuM uccAraNa juduM hovAthI te ghaTaka banato nathI. ghaTaka banavA mATe teNe be uktionA bhedaka banavuM paDe che. AthI A be bhinna dhvanio kacchImAM bhedaka nIvaDe to baMne mATe lipi saMketo yojI zakAya. A prakAranI vRddhine to kartAe AvakArI ja che. paraMtu lekhakArane dhvani ane dhvanighaTaka vacceno bheda spaSTa nahIM hovAthI A aMgenI carcA temaNe karI che. AvuM ja banyuM che '' ane 'bInI bAbatamAM. A carcAthI to spaSTapaNe kahI zakAya tema che ke lekhakArane dhvanighaTakanI vibhAvanA je bhASAvijJAnanI eka pAyAnI vibhAvanA che teno bilakula khyAla ja nathI. jo A khyAla hota to temaNe dhvaninA AlekhananI icchA pragaTa karIne 'DuM ane ane sthAna nahIM apAyAnI phariyAda karI na hota. ahIM koI dhvanine sthAna apAvavAno ke padabhraSTa karavAno savAla nathI. bhASAvida dhvaninA rAjakAraNamAM saMDovAto nathI! je ApelA dhvanio je te bhASAmAM ghaTaka hoya to te te ghaTaka mATe bhinna lipi saMketa yojavo joIe. paraMtu e dhvanio jo koI eka dhvaninA peTAghaTako hoya to peTAghaTako mATe bhinna lipisaMketa yojavo zAstramAnya nathI. amArI sAmagrImAM A baMne dhvanione ame peTAghaTako gaNIne ema kahyuM che ke Ane ghaTaka sthApavA mATe vizeSa sAmagrI jarUrI gaNAya. Ama thatAM te jo svataMtra ghaTako siddha thAya to jarUra tenA saMketo vadhArI zakAya. paraMtu lekhakAra to "saMskRta-gujarAtI ", "bIne paNa sthAna apAyuM hota to kacchIne ane khuda kartAne paNa sArI sagavaDa raheta" (pR. 326) kahIne Ane sthAna ApavA himAyata kare che. AmAM zAstranI samajaNano abhAva spaSTa varatAya che. ane A abhAve lekhakArane nIcenA zabdomAM eka ja dhvani mATe anukrame 1, nga, gha ane da (6) jovA preryA che! 1. magU 2. mUnga 3. mUngaNa 4. khabdha 5. khaSNu AmAMno pAMcamo zabda to aradho "gha" che jene " sAthe saMbaMdha nathI. jyAre pahelA cAramAM lekhakAra jaNAve che tevA '0, nga. jo dhvanio nathI paraMtu phI peTAdhvani jeno bane che te na che! lekhakAre darzAvela dhvanio nathI !! AvuM ja lekhakAre darzAvelA (ane mAnI lIdhelA) "ba" mATenA , na, ane je vize kahI zakAya. sahAyakAraka kriyApadamAM ' vine AlekhavAnI muzkelInuM dRSTAMta paNa lekhakAranI upara mujabanI dRSTinuM ja ghotaka che. tyAMye "ba" mATe kazA ja bhinna dhvanio nathI mAtra dhonna" ne dhona" gaNavo paDe te lekhakAranI vAta sAcI che. lekhakArane "lipi khUba ADI AvI che. A "lipi

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45 cihnoe teone sAdI samajaNamAM paNa thApa khavarAvI che. u. ta., bha (ge) viSNu ane alhAjI viSNu (hRsva "vi" lekhakAre noMdhyo che. zabdAvalimAM to dIrgha che. juo zabdAvali pR. 3) ahIM lekhakAra "ba" mATe ' ane ' mAnI beThA che! A dhvani to vinnu mAMnA 1 mATe che! ane lekhakAre noMdhyo che tevo hrasva- dIno bheda to ' mATe paNa zabdAvalimAM nathI!! AvI ja gerasamaja "kacchIne '2' ghaTaka gujarAtI 'La'ne badale Apyo che" te, pR. 328 paranA vidhAnamAM jovA maLe che. bhASAvijJAnanI mAtra sAdI samaja hoya to paNa AvuM vidhAna saMbhave nahIM. ane vizeSamAM lekhakAre AnI jANe puSTi thatI hoya tema zabdAvalinA pRSTha 31no havAlo Apyo che! ame prastuta pRSTha para A aMge je kaMI kahyuM che te nIce ApIe chIe. amArI sAmagrImAM "za" ane "La"nA je be kissAo che te amArA prathamanAM kArya vakhatanI, bhaNelA-bhASako pAsethI prApta karelI sAmagrImAMnA che. A aMge vizeSa sthaLa paranI tapAse 'za ne badale 'sa' ane 'La'ne badale "ra" ghaTako ApyA che. tema chatAM ame A baMnene kausamAM rAkhyA che. vizeSa sAmagrI ane vadhAre ghaniSTha sthaLatapAsa AnA AkharI nirNaya mATe jarUrI gaNAya." AmAM lekhakAra noMdhe che tevo, "rane 'Lano vikalpa kyAM gaNAvyo che? UlaTuM, mAtra bhaNelA vargamAM je "za" ane "La" dhvani maLe che tenA badale anukrame e baMne kissAomAM sa" ane "ra" maLatA hoI, za. ane |La) ghaTaka vize AzaMkA pedA karavAmAM AvI che. lekhakAre tAravelo artha uparanA parichedamAM kayAMye vAcakone varatAya che kharo? have bhedasUcaka dRSTAMtonI pasaMdagI aMge. lekhakAra A aMge jaNAve che ke A zabdono "kacchImAM koI prakAramAM upayoga nathI" (pR. 328). zabdAvalie je dasa zabdo ApyA che tenA badale lekhakAre anya zabdo sUcavyA che. u.ta. "kiccaDIne badale "cIkhalI, "phephasone badale 'phiphaDa, varune badale "bhagADa vagere. A dasamAMthI mAtra 3 zabdo ja zabdAvalimAM nathI. bAkInAM 7 to lekhakAre noMdhyA che te ja tyAM che!! ahIM eTaluM nedhavuM paryApta che ke kartAe noMdhelA A badhA zabdo kacchI bhASako pAsethI ja lIdhelA che. AthI te zabdo kacchInA nathI tema kahI zakAze nahIM. lekhakAra te te zabdo mATenA potAnA kacchI zabdone pasaMda karatA hoya to tethI lekhakanI sAmagrIne koI bAdha Avato nathI. A zabdo zabdAvaline samRddha karavAmAM madadarUpa jarUra bane. lekhakAra kacchInA mULa zabdo kayA te lapasaNI bhUmimAM ahIM pravezyA che. bhASAvidane mana to bhASAno bhASaka je zabdo vApare che te badhA ja bhASAnA zabdo che. eTale A zabdono "kacchImAM koI prakAramAM upayoga nathI' tevI lekhakAranI TIkA TakI zake tevI nathI. tema chatAM karachInA A lekhakAranA paryAyo ame upara jaNAvyuM che tema zabdasamRddhi jarUra vadhAre che. paNa e paNa dasamAMthI traNa zabdonI ja! bAkInA sAta zabdo to zabdAvalimAM che ja!! have ApaNe lekhakAranI zabdo aMgenI TIkA tapAsIe. lekhakAra jene ISTa kacchI gaNe che tenAthI bhinna rUpI zabdAvalimAM che. u.ta., lekhakAra khe, "ginga', nikaNuM, "vija| ityAdine ISTa gaNe che, jyAre zabdAvalimAM A rUpone badale anukrame khANu, gaLu, nakakaNuM, vaN vagere che.

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46 ahIM bhASakanI uccAraNavyavasthA judI paDe che. ame meLavelI sAmagrImAM jyAM // ghaTaka che tyAM lekhakAra/ ghaTaka prayoje che. lekhakAra prastuta rUpane vizeSa svakIya gaNatA hoya to tethI zabdAvalinAM rUpone bAdha Avato nathI. bAkI zabdAvalinAM rUpo paNa kacchI bhASakonAM ja che. gujarAtImAM koI bhASaka 'maDaduM" vApare ane koI 'muDaduM vApare tenA jevo A savAla che. baMne rUpo vaparAzamAM che. AmAMthI kayA rUpanI pasaMdagI karavI te vyaktigata savAla che. temAM eka sAcuM ane bIjuM khoTuM ema kahI zakAze nahi. prakAranA hoI tenI vadhAre vigatamAM UtaravAnI amane jarUra uparanA kissAo A jaNAtI nathI. lekhakAranI bIjI phariyAda che kacchImAM jemano prayoga nathI tevA zabdo zabdAvalimAM ApyAnI. A phariyAdamAM lekhakAra zabdAvalimAM noMdhelA kula 126 zabdo (nAma, kriyA, prayogo, vagere sahita)ne kacchImAM jemano prayoga nathI tevA gaNAvIne te te zabdo mATe potAnI pasaMdagInA zabdo hovA joIe tema jaNAve che. u.ta., zabdAvalimAM Apela 'kAkInho' zabdane badale lekhakAra noMdhe che te 'ker3o' zabda joIe. AvA kula 126 zabdone lekhakAra kacchI prayoga nathI tevA gaNAve che. A kacchI prayogo nathI te carcAne ahIM avakAza raheto nathI kema ke agAu kahyuM che te mujaba A samagra sAmagrI kacchI bhASako pAsethI ja meLavelI che. tema chatAM carcA arthe A lekhakAre ApelA zabdone kacchI prayogo mAnIne cAlIe to paNa lekhakAre noMdhelA 126 prayogomAMthI 26 'AjIjI kaNI"ne badale 'jIbo jIbo keNU' jevA rUDhiprayogone bAda karIe to 100 prayogo mATe lekhakAra potAnI pasaMdagInA prayogo hovA Avazyaka gaNe che. A 100mAMthI lekhakanI pasaMdagInA ja 41 prayogo to zabdAvalimAM che ja! dA.ta. zabdAvalinA 'kAkInho'ne badale lekhakAra 'ker3o'kacchI prayoga gaNe che. to 'keDo' to zabdAvali Ape che ja! lekhakAre AnA mATe 'ke kramamAM jovAno zrAma jarUra karavo paDe! AvAM kula 41 dRSTAMto che. bAkI rahetA je sATheka zabdonI pasaMdagI lekhakAranI che temAM paNa A lekhakane cakAsavA jevA jaNAya che. El.d. zabdAvalinA vaTANu vApa 2 lekhakAra sUcave che vaoNTazyU vAva samAN sarpAN AvA kissAomAM lekhakAra sUcave che te zabdo umerAya to sAruM ja che paraMtu amane zabdAvilanA zabdone khaseDe tevA zabdo che tema mAnavuM muzkela jaNAya che. dA.ta., 'paisA vAparavA' prayogamAM 'vAvaN' prayoga AvI zakaze paraMtu 'hathiyAra vAparavuM"mAM kadAca, te na paNa AvA zabdone bAda karIe to bhAgye ja trIseka zabdonuM umeraNa lekhaka kare che! zabdonI samRddhi AthI jarUra vadhe te A carcAno sArAMza gaNAya. joDaNI lekhakAranI trIjI phariyAda joDaNIkraka ane arthakraka darzAvatA zabdo mATenI che. pharakanAM kula 96 dRSTAMto lekhakAranI dRSTie yogya nathI. ahIM joDaNIthI lekhakArane zuM uddiSTa che te prayatna karavA chatAM paNa samajI zakAtuM nathI. kema ke 'joDaNIphera'nAM teoe ApelAM udA mAvAN milAN Ave. jo alabatta,

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haraNomAM svarabheda, vyaMjanabheda, yakArano abhAva, tema ja koI koI jagAe to prayogaphera paNa joDaNI hoya tevuM jaNAya che! lekhakAre ApelAM kula 96 dRSTAMtomAMthI 25mAM to kriyAvAcakomAM 'Na' pUrve "dha" lakhAvo joIe tenAM dRSTAMto che. lekhakAranuM A maMtavya hovAnuM jaNAya che. jema ke "cUkaNune badale "cUkANU. lekhake AmAM vikalpa rAkhyo che. kacchIno koI zabdakoza nahIM hovAthI je je rUpo kacchI bhASakomAM pracalita hoya te nedhavAM ane teno vikalpa rAkhavo lekhakane vAjabI jaNAyo che. AthI 'ya'kAra vagaranAM ane 'ya'kAravALAM A baMne rUpo zabdAvalimAM che. AmAM 'ya'kAravALAM ja zAthI svIkAravA tenIlekhakAre koI dalIla ApI nathI. AthI A aMge ame vizeSa carcAmAM UtaravuM yogya gaNatA nathI kema ke dalIlanA abhAve to Akho prazna gamAaNagamAno banI rahe che. tema chatAM lekhakAra cUkANune badale "cUkAyaSNune pasaMda karatA hoya to temAM amane leza paNa vAMdho nathI! paraMtu A temanI aMgata pasaMdagInA kAraNe "cUkANu prakAranAM lakhAyelAM rUpo ayogya TharatAM nathI. bAkI rahetAM 71 rUpomAMthI 22 to e prakAranAM che ke jemAM lekhakAra 'joDaNIphera zAne gaNe che te ja samajavuM amArA mATe muzkela che. u.ta., zabdAvalimAM che lekhakAra sUcave che te rUpa adhelI AmAM kayA tatvane joDaNIphera gaNavuM? "adhelI'nI joDaNI aTha AnI" karavAnuM lekhakAra sUcave che! tevI ja rIte oNdhaI - oNDaI kalAla -kalA kADajo - kArajo DAvo-dhAvo dheDa-DheDa ane AvAM bIjAM ghaNAM rUpo jyAM dhvanighaTakano bheda che temAM (A badhAM noMdhavAM jarUrI jaNAtAM nathI) lekhakAra joDaNIpharaka gaNe che! 1. bAkI rahetAM 49 rUpomAM nIce jaNAvyA mujabanA pheraphAro che. lekhakAra "ane badale 'A' vAparAtA hoya tevA u. ta. ageNI - AgeNI jaDha - jaNaDhA vagere. 2. lekhakAra "Ane badale "a" vAparatA hoya tevA u. ta. kAmbhAI - kAzmaI joDAkSarane badale svara vAparatA hoya tevA u. ta. kajyo - kajiyo pITayo - khiTiyo vagere. 4. o ne badale u vAparatA hoya tevA u. ta. TAmo - rAmu 5. A uparAMta ane badale haiM, ine badale I ene badale 'I' vagerenAM paNa udAharaNo che. A badhAmAM lekhakAre potAnAM uccAraNo vaDe zabdAvalinA je te zabdomAM bheda karyo che te AvakArya che. AvA aneka bheda-prabhedo bahAra AvyA bAda kacchInI joDaNI sthira thavA saMbhava

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4. che. lekhakAranI je te zabdo mATe pasaMdagI upara jaNAvI che te paNa pracalita hoI zake che paraMtu tethI kacchInA ja bhASako pAsethI meLavelA zabdAvalinA zabdonI "joDaNI" ayogya TharatI nathI ! AvA ja gamAaNagamA lekhakAranA 'joDaNIpharaka tathA anya pharakavALA' zIrSaka taLenA zabdone noMdhavAmAM jaNAya che. zabdAvalimAM che AMTI bharANI bhegA thINu lekhakAra sUcave che AMTAN bhero thINu zabdAvalimAM che nIsAso vIMjaNo lITA pADyA joDaNIthI zuM uddiSTa che amAre 'lITA pANA' zabdAvalinA, A badhA zabdonI 'kharI joDaNI' lekhakAra A sUcave che! te samajavAmAM ame niSphaLa gayA chIe tema kabUlavuM joIe! athavA to mAMnA 'pANA'nI joDaNI (lITA) kaDhaNA karavI joIe!! vaLI be kissAomAM to lekhakAra zabdAvalinA 'isAro keNU'ne badale 'eMsAro karavo' tathA 'bacIDeNI'ne badale 'bocI karavI' jevI kacchI joDaNI sUcave che!! (pR. 338-39) A carcAthI lekhaka mAne che ke lekhakArane 'joDaNIpharaka'thI zuM kahevuM che te spaSTa nathI eTaluM ja nahIM paraMtu joDaNInuM tattva zuM che te viSe paNa, ahIM ApelA dAkhalAomAMthI koI jANakArI pragaTa thatI jaNAtI nathI. have bAkI rahe che 'arthapharaka'nI carcA. lekhakAre kula arthapharakanA je 53 kissAo noMdhyA che temAMthI rR. 341-42 paranA kula 30 kissAomAM zabdAvalinA zabdonA arthano vistAra-saMkoca ke arthabheda darzAvela che. jema ke zabdAvalino artha lekhakArano artha gIMgoDuM gaMdha zabda aco jU jIvAta durgaMdha maccha mAchaluM moTuM mAchaluM A uparAMta pR. 343 paranA 6 kriyAvAcakomAM paNa upara mujaba ja che. bAkI rahetA pR. 343 paranA 17 kriyAvAcakomAMthI lekhakAra sUcave che nIMsAko vijaN lITA kaDhaNA okAN pUjaN bhAN bhallAN mujAN A pAMcanA arthamAM lekhakAra noMdhe che tethI arthabheda bane tevo khAsa taphAvata nathI. bAkI rahetA 12nA artho lekhakAra zabdAvalithI bhinna noMdhe che. jo zabdAvalie ApelA arthothI (jao zabdAvalimAM pUjaN) "9 bhacAN `) A bhinna arthe kacchImAM pracalita hoya to lekhakane enI svIkRtimAM kazo ja vAMdho nathI. eTaluM ja nahIM paraMtu zabdAvali A vRddhi mATe nimitta banI teno AnaMda paNa che ja. zabdAvalie to artha viSe AgaLanA pR. 32 para noMdhyuM che ke "keTalAka prakAranA zabdomAM arthane maryAdita rIte noMdhyo che. vRkSo, pazupaMkhIo ane roga vageremAM khAsa Ama banyuM che." Ama samagra rIte lekhane joIe to lekhakAre khUba ja zrAma lIdho hovA chatAM bhASAvijJAnanI vibhAvanAonI aparicitatA, joDaNI vizenA bAliza khyAlo ane A prakAranAM

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49 lakhANomAM hovI joItI cokasAIno atyaMta abhAva, vagere jevAM kAraNone lIdhe lIdhelo zrama vaitarAmAM palaTAI gayo che. tema chatAM AvA viSayomAM lekhakAre rasa dAkhavIne-"svAdhyAyane 19 pAnanI sAmagrI pUrI pADI tathA lekhakane potAnI pustikAno svAdhyAya karavAnI taka ApI te be AnuSaMgika sevA to A lekha dvArA karI ja che! lekhaka te mATe lekhakAranA AbhArI che. have lekhakanI pustikAmAM nathI tevI tathA anya chApabhUlo (?)nI yAdI ApIne Ane sameTI laIe. zabdAvalimAM che khedablyu 326 327. 327 ucaeNvaSNu alhAjI vI. dhUi dhaoNnga ; 327 327 k c@r 329 k@m@r ghocnu l@kri suraj sughnu phephso phukanu polokenu v@ru gardhana lekhamAM noMdhAyela che kha utre vataNU alhAjI viSNu dhUI dhonna KF car K@m@r Ghocnu Leksi Suroj Sughnu Phephso Phukanu Polokenu V@ru garadhana 331 331 332 332 chabdo chaThTho thiDo dhAMdheDo vikakho 332 taLadara thidaDho dhAMdheDho vikabo tagadara ajamATaNa kampaNa gaTagaTATaNa joDaNI ajamAyaNa kaththarNa gaTagaTA joDaNu prajaNa nANU 332 333 333 333 334 334 334 334 334 334 darajaP. nATaNU. niyALu nidhyATaNa kAccha phakATaNa

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mira| vADo vaTaDo 341 virAgye virATaNU miSNu 334 samA samATaNa 335 sarmANu sarNATaNa 335 gappA laghANI gappA laghATaNA 335 najIka accha najIka araNa 335 naskorA bolANA naskorA bolATaNA 335 USNu UNuM 338 TharASNu TharATaNa 338 chADhI chaThA 339 340 bAra nakazuM bATara nakazuM 341 lITA pADuNA lITA pADaNA rabakadhabaka rabadhabaka 342 pacoSNu pATaNa 343 bhaplAyar bhaplATaNa 343 munjAblyu munnATaNa 343 roNuM roDaNU 343 343 Dhake lAccha Dhake lATaNU 343 5. 339 paranA 'cUkAzthI "rakhelAzUTa sudhInA bAra kissAo tathA pR. 340 paranA ja "gharANUthI "sosAyaNU' sudhInA bAra kissAo maLI covIsemAMyane badale 'Ta' chApyo che. jema ke "darANune badale "odarATaNU. A covIsa kissAo ahIM utAravA jarUrI jaNAtA nathI. A uparAMta pR. 330 para kayAMka vaLI'ne badale 'kayAM vakaLI" 5. 332 para 'bacyo che 'baraDo' pR. 333 para 'cakita' , cakita' pR. 335 para 'milAkyu , , milATaNu pR. 335 para 'tapAsyuM che ke 'tapATaNuM pR. 336 para 'gAla , , gAlATaNa pR. 338 para TherAyaNu , , TharATaNuM aMtamAM, zabdAvalinI prastAvanAmAM DaoN. paMDite lakhyuM che temAMthI be-cAra vAkyo utArIne A svAdhyAya pUro karIe. "thokabaMdha sAmagrIne vAraMvAra rajU karI zakAtI nathI, e ekAda vAra ja thAya ane e karanAre jo kacAza rAkhI hoya to enI upara AdhAra rAkhIne saMzodhana karanAra sahane enA chAMTA UDe. saMzodhananI A sAmAjika javAbadArI zrI zAMtibhAIe gaMbhIratAthI svIkArI che ane pAra pADI che ema kahI zakAya." (pR. 5.) lekhakAranI saMzodhanonA vivecana aMgenI gaMbhIratAno vicAra vAcako para choDIne ahIM pUruM karIe.

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lekhakanI anya kRtio 2-0 0. 1. cerIo ane cedharI zabdAvali gUjarAta vidyApITha (1969) " tamAruM prazasya pustaka " codharIo ane codharI zabdAvali "nI nakala... ...mArI " kapereTiva DikzanarI oNpha dhI inDo-Aryana laeNngavejIjha "nA vadhArAmAM umero karavAnI sAmagrI tarIke te kALajIpUrvaka joI jaIza......A belI. viSenA mArA jJAnamAM tamAruM pustaka ghaNA badhA umero kare che." - hai. rAhapha Tarnara kaila koba 2. kacchI zabdAvali 4-50 gUjarAta vidyApITha (1966) ...zrI zAntibhAInuM kAma pahelA tabakakAmAM che. A pachInA tabakkAmAM have vyAkaraNI rUparekhA ane bolIbheda Ave. ATaluM thatAM kacchI viSe AdhArabhUta mAhitI ApaNI pAse AvI gaNAya......lipi ane joDaNIne judI rAkhatAM zIkhavuM e paNa bhASA samaja keLavavA mATe upayogI che. zrI zAMtibhAI e A pahela karI che. - hai. prabodha paMDita 3. bhIlI-gujarAtI zabdAvali 1-50 gUjarAta vidyApITha (1965) ..........daSTinI A vaijJAnikatA sAthe temanI paddhatinI vaijJAnikatA paNa noMdhapAtra che. garAsiyA belIne ziSTa gujarAtIthI vanidaSTie je bheda che te te darzAvI temane vyakta karavA mATe temaNe zabdAvalimAM khAsa lekhanasaMketa yojayA che. samagra prayAsa lekhakanI zAstrIya ekasAInI chApa pADe che, ane temaNe De. paMDita jevA tadvidanI pAsethI lIdhelI tAlImane sArthaka kare che.. - hai. harivallabha bhAyANI 4. gujarAtI-bhIlI vAtacIta 2-0 gUjarAta vidyApITha (1967). 4. Segmental Phonemes of Kacch Gujarat University, Ahmedabad