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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nIti 0 upAcArya zrI devendra munijI ma. jisa prakAra dhArmika jIvana kA AdhAra AcAra hai, usI prakAra vyAvahArika jIvana kI rIr3ha nIti hai aura yaha bhI tathya hai ki vinA naitika jIvana ke dhArmika jIvana kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| isa dRSTi se nIti, dharma kA AdhAra hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki pratyeka dharmapravartaka, dharmopadezaka aura dharmasudhAraka ne dharma ke sAtha nIti kA bhI upadeza diyA, jana sAdhAraNa ko naitika jIvana jIne kI preraNA dii| hA~, yaha avazya hai ki dharma, dharma ke mUlya, dharma ke siddhAnta sthAyI haiM, sadA samAna rahate haiN| unameM deza-kAla kI paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa parivartana nahIM hotA; jaise ahiMsA dharma hai, yaha saMsAra meM sarvatra aura sabhI kAloM meM dharma hI rahegA / kintu nIti, samaya aura paristhiti sApekSa hai, isameM parivartana A sakatA hai| jo nItisiddhAnta bhAratIya paristhitiyoM ke lie ucita haiM, Avazyaka nahIM ki ve pazcimI jagat meM bhI mAnya kiye jAe~, vahA~ kI paristhitiyoM ke anusAra naitika siddhAnta bhinna prakAra ke bhI ho sakate haiN| vyAvahArika jIvana se pramukhatayA sambandhita hone ke kAraNa nItisiddhAntoM meM parivartana A jAtA hai| jaina nIti ke siddhAnta yadyapi prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva dvArA nizcita kara diye gaye the aura ve dIrghakAla taka calate bhI rahe the; kintu una siddhAntoM ko yugAnukUla rUpa pradAna karake bhagavAna mahAvIra ne nizcita kiyA aura yaho siddhAnta aba taka pracalita haiN| isI apekSA se inheM 'bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nIti' nAma se abhihita karanA samIcIna hogaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma caitra zuklA trayodazI ke dina kSatriyakuNDa grAma meM rAjA siddhArtha kI rAnI trizalAdevI kI kukSi se IsA pUrva 599 meM huA thaa| pApane 30 varSa gRhavAsa meM bitAye, taduparAnta zramaNa bne| 12 varSa taka kaThora tapasyA kI, kevalajJAna kA upArjana kiyA aura phira dharmatIrtha kA pravartana kiyaa| 30 varSa taka apane vacanAmRta se bhavya jIvoM ke lie kalyANa mArga batAyA aura prAyusamApti para 72 varSa kI avasthA meM kArtikI amAvasyA ke dina nirvANa prApta kiyaa| ve jaina paramparA ke cauvIsaveM aura antima tIrthaMkara haiN| vartamAna samaya meM unhIM kA zAsana cala rahA hai| bhAratIya aura bhAratIyetara sabhI dharmapravartakoM, upadezakoM se bhagavAn mahAvIra kA upadeza viziSTa rhaa| upadeza kI viziSTatA ke kAraNa hI unake dvArA nirdhArita nIti meM bhI aisI ko saMsAra samudra meM dharma hI dIya hai
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________________ caturtha khaNDa/2 acamacamA vizeSatAoM kA samAveza ho gayA jo anyatra upalabdha nahIM ho sktiiN| isa apekSA se bhagavAn mahAvIra kI nIti ko do zIrSakoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai 1-bhagavAn mahAvIra kI viziSTa nIti / 2-bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sAmAnya nIti / sAmAnya nIti se abhiprAya nIti ke una siddhAntoM se hai, jinake Upara anya dArzanikoM, manISiyoM aura dharma-sampradAya ke upadeSTAnoM ne bhI apane vicAra prakaTa kiye haiM / aise nIti-siddhAnta satya, ahiMsA Adi haiN| kintu ina siddhAntoM kA yuktiyukta tarkasaMgata vivecana jaina granthoM meM prApta hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake anuyAyiyoM ne ina para gambhIra cintana kiyA hai| viziSTa nIti se abhiprAya una nIti-siddhAntoM se hai, jina taka anya manISiyoM kI dRSTi nahIM pahu~cI hai / aise nIti-siddhAnta anAgraha, anekAnta, yatanA, samatA apramAda Adi haiN| yadyapi yaha sabhI nIti-siddhAnta sAmAjika suvyavasthA tathA vyaktigata vyAvahArika sukhI jIvana ke lie the phira bhI anya dharma pravartakoM ke cintana se yaha achUte raha gaye / bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake AjJAnuyAyI zramaNoM, manISiyoM ne nIti ke ina pratyayoM para gambhIra vicAra kiyA hai aura sukhI jIvana ke lie inakI upayogitA pratipAdita kI hai| jaina nIti ke mUla tattva uparyukta sAmAnya aura viziSTa nIti ke siddhAntoM ko bhalI bhA~ti hRdayaMgama karane ke lie yaha adhika upayogI hogA ki jaina nIti athavA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI nIti ke mUla prAdhArabhUta tattvoM ko aura unake hArda ko samajha liyA jAya / jaina nIti ke mUla tattva haiM, pUNya, saMvara aura nirjraa| dhyeya haiM-mokSa / Asrava, baMdha tathA pApa anaitika tattva haiN| jaina noti kA sampUrNa bhAga inhIM para TikA huA hai| pApa anaitika hai, puNya naitika, prAsrava anaitika hai, saMvara naitika, baMdha anaitika hai, nirjarA naitika / isa sUtra ke AdhAra para hI sampUrNa jaina-nIti ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| pApa aura puNya zabdoM kA prayoga to saMsAra kI sabhI nIti aura dharma-paramparAoM meM hamA hai, sabhI ne pApa ko anaitika batAyA aura puNya kI gaNanA nIti meM kI hai| yaha bAta alaga hai ki unakI pApa evaM puNya kI paribhASAoM meM antara hai, inakI paribhASAyeM unhoMne apanI-apanI kalpanAmoM meM bA~dhakara kI hai|| kintu prAsrava, saMvara baMdha aura nirjarA zabda jaina nIti ke vizeSa zabda haiM / inakA artha samajha lenA abhISTa hai| Asrava kA nItiparaka abhiprAya hai-ve sabhI kriyAe~ jinako karane se vyakti kA svayaM kA jIvana du:khI ho, jinase samAja meM avyavasthA phaile, AtaMka bar3he, viSamatA panape, samAja ke, deza ke, rASTra, rAjya aura saMsAra ke anya prANiyoM kA jIvana prazAnta ho jAya, ve kaSTa meM par3a jaayeN| jaina-nIti ne prAsravoM ke pramukha pA~ca bheda mAne haiM--1. mithyAttva (galata dhAraNA), 2. avirati (prAtmAnuzAsana kA abhAva), 3. pramAda (jAgarUkatA kA prabhAva-asAvadhAnI),
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________________ * bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nIti / 3 4. kaSAya (krodha, mAna, kapaTa, lobha) aura 5. azubha yoga (mana, vacana kAya kI niMdya evaM kutsita vRttiyaaN)| eka anya apekSA se bhI pA~ca pramukha prAsrava haiM- 1. hiMsA, 2. mRSAvAdaasatya bhASaNa, 3. caurya, 4. abrahma sevana aura 5. prigrh| ___ spaSTa hai ki ye sabhI prAsrava anaitika haiM, samAja evaM vyakti ke lie duHkhadAyI haiM, azAnti, vigraha aura utpIDana karane vAle haiN| ina AsravoM ko-anaitikatAoM ko anaitika pravRttiyoM ko rokanA, inakA AcaraNa na karanA, saMvara hai-nIti hai, sunIti hai| kisI kA dila dukhAnA, zArIrika mAnasika coTa pahu~cAnA, jhUTha bolanA, corI karanA, dhana athavA vastuoM kA adhika saMgraha karanA Adi asAmAjikatA hai, anaitikatA hai| Aja samAja meM jo vigraha, vargasaMgharSa, arAjakatA Adi burAiyA~ tIvratA ke sAtha bar3ha rahI haiM inakA mUla kAraNa uparyukta anaitika AcaraNa aura vyavahAra hI hai| eka ora dhana ke U~ce parvata aura dUsarI ora nirdhanatA evaM prabhAva kI gaharI khAI ne hI vargasaMgharSa aura asaMtoSa ko janma diyA hai, jisake kAraNa mAnava-mana meM viplava uTha khar3A huA hai| isa pApa rUpa anaitikatA ke viparIta anya vyaktiyoM ko sukha pahu~cAnA, abhAvagrastoM kA prabhAva miTAnA, rogI Adi kI sevA karanA, samAja meM zAnti sthApanA ke kArya karanA, dhana kA adhika saMgraha na karanA, kaTu zabda na bolanA, mithyA bhAvaNa na karanA, corI, herA-pherI Adi na karanA naitikatA hai, nItipUrNa AcaraNa hai| dharmazAstroM ke anusAra bandha kA abhiprAya hai-apane hI kiye karmoM se svayaM hI baMdha jAnA, kintu nIti ke sandarbha meM isakA artha vistRta hai| vyakti apane kAryoM ke jAla meM svayaM to phaMsatA hI hai, dUsaroM ko bhI phaMsAtA hai| jaise makar3I jAlA bunakara svayaM to usameM phaMsatI hI hai, kintu usakI nIyata maccharoM Adi apane zikAra ko bhI usa jAla meM phaMsAne kI hotI hai aura phaMsA bhI letI hai| isI taraha koI vyakti jhUTha-kapaTa kA jAla bichAkara lacchedAra aura khuzAmada bharI mIThI-mIThI bAteM banAkara anya logoM ko apanI bAtoM meM bahalAtA hai, bhulAvA dekara unheM vAgajAla meM phaMsAtA hai, unheM vacana kI DorI se bAMdhatA hai, akar3atA hai to usake ye sabhI kriyAkalApa cAgjAla bandhana rUpa hone se anaitika haiN| aura nItizAstra ke dRSTikoNa se nirjarA hai, aise vAgajAloM meM kisI ko na phaMsAnA, jhUTha-kapaTa aura lacchedAra zabdoM meM kisI ko na baaNdhnaa| yadi pahale kaSAya Adi ke Avega meM kisI ko isa prakAra bandhana meM le liyA ho to use vacanamukta kara denA, sAtha hI svayaM usa bandhana se mukta ho jaanaa| isI bAta ko hemacandrAcArya ne ina zabdoM meM kahA hai Asravo bhavahetuH syAt saMvaro mokSakAraNam / itIyamAItI dRSTiranyavasyA prapaMcanam ||-viitraag stotra | dhammo dIyo -prAsrava bhava kA hetu hai aura saMvara mokSa kA kAraNa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM Asrava | saMsAra samudra meM dharma hI dIpa hai
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________________ .. 57 . caturya khaNDa /4 *kta.naar FRan AM Pay acamAcama anaitika hai tathA saMvara naitika hai| yaha pAhata (arihanta bhagavAn tathA unake anuyAyiyoM kI) dRSTi hai| anya saba isI kA vistAra hai| jaina dRSTi ke ina mUla AdhArabhUta tattvoM ke prakAza meM aba hama bhagavAn mahAvIra kI nIti ko samajhane kA prayAsa kreNge| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM kA vargIkaraNa zramaNa aura zrAvaka ina do pramukha vargoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina donoM hI vargoM ke lie bhagavAn ne AcaraNa ke spaSTa niyama nirdhArita kara diye haiN| pahale hama zramaNoM ko hI leN| zramaNAcAra meM nIti zramaNa ke lie spaSTa niyama hai ki vaha apanA pUrva paricaya-gahastha jovana kA paricaya zrAvaka ko na de| sAmAnyatayA zramaNa apane pUrva jIvana kA paricaya zrAvakoM ko dete bhI nahIM, kintu kabhI-kabhI paristhiti aisI utpanna ho jAtI hai ki paricaya denA anivArya ho jAtA hai, anyathA zramaNoM ke prati aAzaMkA ho sakatI hai| ise eka dRSTAnta se samajhiye bhagavAna neminAtha ke ziSya chaha muni the-anIkasena praadi| ye chahoM sahodara bhrAtA the, rUpa raMga Adi meM itanI samAnatA thI ki inameM bheda karanA bar3A kaThina thaa| do-do ke samuha meM vaha chahoM anagAra devakI ke mahala meM bhikSA ke lie pahuMce / devakI :ke hRdaya meM yaha zaMkA utpanna ho gaI ki ye do hI sAdhu mere ghara bhikSA ke lie tIna bAra Aye haiM, jabaki zramaNa niyama se eka hI dina meM eka ghara meM do bAra bhikSA ke lie nahIM jaataa| devakI kI isa zaMkA ko miTAne ke lie sAdhunoM ne apanA pUrva paricaya diyA,' jo ki usa paristhiti meM anivArya thA / isalie bhagavAn ne sAdhu ke lie utsarga aura apavAda-do mArga batAye haiN| utsargamArga meM to pUrva paricaya sAdhaka detA nahIM, lekina apavAda-mArga meM, yadi viziSTa paristhiti utpanna ho jAya to de sakatA hai / yaha apavAda-mArga jaina sAdhvAcAra meM nIti kA dyotaka hai / isI prakAra kezI zramaNa ne jaba gautama gaNadhara se bha. pArzvanAtha kI sacelaka aura bha. mahAvIra kI acelaka dharmanIti ke bheda ke viSaya meM prazna kiyA to gaNadhara gautama kA uttara nIti kA paricAyaka hai| unhoMne batAyA ki samyaka jJAna darzana cAritra tapa kI sAdhanA hI mokSa mArga hai / veSa to loka-pratIti ke lie hotA hai / isI prakAra ke anya dRSTAnta zramaNAcAra sambandhI diye jA sakate haiM, jo sIdhe vyAvahArika nIti athavA lokanIti se sambandhita haiN| aba hama bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nIti kA viziSTa nIti kA varNana kareMge, jisa para anya vicArakoM ne bilkula bhI vicAra nahIM kiyA hai, aura yadi kiyA bhI hai to bahata kama kiyA hai| 1. antagaDa sUtra 2. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 13/29-32
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________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra kI nIti | 5 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI viziSTa nIti ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra kI viziSTa nIti ke mUlabhUta pratyaya haiM-~-anAgraha, yatanA, apramAda, upazama aaadi| samAja deza athavA rASTra kA eka varga apane hI dRSTikoNa se socatA hai usI ko ucita mAnatA hai tathA anyoM ke dRSTikoNa ko anucita / vaha unake dRSTikoNa kA Adara nahIM karatA, isI kAraNa pArasparika saMgharSa hotA hai| Arya skandaka ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUchA-loka zAzvata hai yA prazAzvata, anta sahita hai yA anta rahita ? isI prakAra ke aura bhI prazna kiye / bhagavAna ne usake sabhI praznoM kA anekAMta nIti se uttara diyA, kahA loka zAzvata bhI hai aura prazAzvata bhii| yaha sadA kAla se rahA hai, aba bhI hai aura bhaviSya meM rahegA, kabhI isakA nAza nahIM hogaa| isa apekSA se yaha zAzvata hai| sAtha hI isameM jo dravya-kAla-bhAva kI apekSA parivartana hotA hai, usa apekSA se prazAzvata bhI hai| isI prakAra bhagavAna ne skandaka ke sabhI praznoM ke uttara diye| isa anekAMtanIti se prApta hue uttaroM se skandaka saMtuSTa hmaa| yadi bhagavAna anekAMta nIti se uttara na dete to skandaka bhI saMtuSTa na hotA aura satya kA bhI apalApa hotA / satya yaha hai ki vastu kA svabhAva hI aisA hai / vastu sthira bhI rahatI hai, aura usI kSaNa usameM kAla Adi kI apekSA parivartana bhI hote rahate haiN| Aja kA vijJAna bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra kara cukA hai, tabhI AInTIna Adi vaijJAnikoM ne anekAMta nIti kI sarAhanA kI hai, ise bhagavAna mahAvIra kI anupama dena mAnA hai, aura zAMtipUrNa saha astitva ke lie ise bahuta upayogI svIkAra kiyA hai| prAinsTIna kA Theory of relativity to spaSTa sApekSavAda athavA anekAMta hI hai| yatanA-nIti yatanA kA abhiprAya hai saavdhaanii| nIti ke saMdarbha meM sAvadhAnI jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM Avazyaka hai| bhagavAna ne batAyA hai ki sote, jAgate, calate, uThate, baiThate, bolate-pratyeka kriyA ko yatanApUrvaka karanA caahie| sAvadhAnI pUrNa vyavahAra se vigraha kI sthiti nahIM pAtI, paraspara mana-muTAva nahIM hotA, kisI prakAra kA saMgharSa nahIM hotaa| AtmA kI surakSA bhI hotI hai| samatA-nIti samatA bhAva athavA sAmyabhAva bhagavAna mahAvIra yA jaina dharma kI viziSTa nIti hai| prAcAra aura vicAra meM yaha ahiMsA kI parAkASThA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne prAcAra-vyavahAra kI nIti batAte hue kahA--- 3. bhagavatI 2, 9 4. dazavakAlika 4 dhammo dIyo saMsAra samudra meM dharma hI dIya hai
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________________ SO daya 5 caturtha khaNDa | 6 marators apremsh acanAcana appasame mannijja chappi kAe' chaha kAya ke prANiyoM ko apanI AtmA ke samAna smjho| chaha kAya se yahAM abhiprAya manuSya, pazu, pakSI, deva choTe se choTe kRmi aura yahAM taka ki jala, banaspati, per3a paudhe Adi prANimAtra se hai| jaina dharma ina sabhI meM prAtmA mAnatA hai aura isIlie inako duHkha denA, anIti meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai, tathA ina sabake prati samatvabhAva rakhanA jaina nIti kI vizeSatA hai| krUra, kumArgagAmI, apakArI vyaktiyoM ke prati bhI samatA kA bhAva rakhanA cAhiye, yaha jaina rIti hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha para unake sAdhanAkAla meM kamaTha ne upasarga kiyA aura dharaNendra ne isa upasarga ko dUra kiyA, kintu prabhu pArzvanAtha ne donoM para hI sama bhAva rkhaa| manovijJAna aura prakRti kA niyama hai ki kriyA kI pratikriyA hotI hai aura phira pratikriyA kI prtikriyaa| isa prakAra yaha kriyA-pratikriyA kA eka cakra hI calane lagatA hai| isako tor3ane kA eka hI upAya hai-kriyA kI pratikriyA hone hI na dI jAya / kisI eka vyakti ne dUsare ko gAlI dI, satAyA, usakA apakAra kiyA yA usake prati duSTatApUrNa vyavahAra kiyaa| usakI isa kriyA kI pratikriyA svarUpa vaha dUsarA vyakti bhI gAlI de athavA duSTatApUrNa vyavahAra kare to saMgharSa kI, kalaha kI sthiti bana jAye aura yadi vaha samatA kA bhAva rakhe, samatA nIti kA pAlana kare to saMgharSa zAnti meM badala jaayegaa| samAjavyavahAra, tathA loka meM zAnti hetu samatA kI nIti kI upayogitA sabhI ke jIvana meM pratyakSa hai, anubhavagamya hai| samatAnIti kA hArda hai-sabhI prANiyoM kA sukha-duHkha apane hI sukha-du:kha ke samAna samajhanA / sabhI sukha cAhate haiM, duHkha koI bhI nahIM caahtaa| isakA prAzaya yaha hai ki aisA koI bhI kAma na karanA jisase kisI kA dila dukhe| aura yaha samatAnIti dvArA hI ho sakatA hai| anuzAsana evaM vinayanIti vinaya evaM anuzAsana saMsAra kI jvalaMta samasyAyeM haiM / anuzAsana samAja meM suvyavasthA kA mUla kAraNa hai para vinaya jIvana meM sukha-zAnti pradAna karatA hai| yadyapi vinaya tathA anuzAsana ko sabhI ne mahattva diyA hai, kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ise jIvana kA Avazyaka aMga batAyA hai| unhoMne to vinaya ko dharma kA mUla-'viNayamUlo dhammo' kahA hai| vinaya kA lokavyavahAra meM atyadhika mahattva hai| eka bhI avinayapUrNa vacana kalaha aura kleza kA vAtAvaraNa utpanna kara detA hai, jabaki vinaya-nIti ke pAlana se saMgharSa kI agni zAMta ho jAtI hai, vaira kA dAvAnala sauhArda meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / vinaya jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM saphalatA kI kuMjI hai / lekina vinayanIti kA pAlana 5. uttarAdhyayanasUtra
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________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra kI nIti / 7 vahI kara pAtA hai, jo anuzAsita ho, anuzAsana pAkara kupita na ho / isIlie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA aNusAsio na kupijjaa| aura viNae Thavijja appaannN|' vinaya meM sthita rahe, vinaya nIti kA pAlana kre| gurujanoM, mAtA-pitA Adi kA vinaya parivAra meM sukha-zAMti kA vAtAvaraNa nirmita karatA hai tathA mitroM, sambandhiyoM, samAja ke sabhI vyaktiyoM ke prati vinayayukta vyavahAra yaza-kIti tathA prema evaM unnati kI sthiti ke nirmANa meM sahAyaka hotA hai| mitratA (Friendship) ko saMsAra ke sabhI vicAraka zreSTha nIti svIkAra karate haiM, kintu unakI dRSTi sirpha apanI hI jAti taka sImita raha gaI, kucha thor3e Age bar3he to unhoMne sampUrNa mAnava jAti ke sAtha mitratA nIti ke pAlana kI bAta khii| kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra kI maitrI-nIti kA dAyarA bahuta vistRta hai, ve prANImAtra ke sAtha mitratA kI nIti kA pAlana karane kI bAta kahate haiM mitti bhUesu kappae / prANI mAtra ke sAtha maitrI kA-mitratA kI nIti kA saMkalpa kre| bhagavAna kI isI AjJA ko hRdayaMgama karake pratyeka jaina yaha bhAvanA karatA hai prANImAtra ke sAtha merI maitrI (mitratA) hai, kisI ke sAtha vairabhAva nahIM hai| mittI me savvabhUesu, veraM mannaM na keNaI / mitratA kI yaha nIti svayaM ko aura apane sAtha anya sabhI prANiyoM ko Azvasta karane kI nIti hai| sAmUhikatA kI nIti sAmUhikatA athavA ekatA sadA se hI saMsAra kI pramukha AvazyakatA rahI hai| bikharAva alagAva kI pravatti anaitika hai aura paraspara sadbhAva-saudAda-mela-milApa naitika hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sAmUhikatA tathA saMgha-aikya kA mahattva sAdhuoM ko btaayaa| unake saMketa kA anugamana karate hue sAdhu bhojana karane se pahale anya sAdhuoM ko nimantrita karatA aura kahatA hai ki yadi mere lAye bhojana meM se kucha grahaNa kareM to maiM saMsAra-sAgara se tira jaauuN| sAhU hujjAmi taario|10 6. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 169 7. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 118 8. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 62 9. AvazyakasUtra 10. dazavakAlikasUtra 5125 sammo dI saMsAra samuda
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________________ caturya khaNDa / dazavakAlikasUtra ke ina zabdoM se yahI nIti parilakSita hotI hai| vaidika paramparA meM bhI sAmUhikatA athavA saMgaThana kI mahattA svIkRta kI gaI hai| 'saMghe zaktiH kalau yuge-kaliyuga meM saMgaThana meM hI zakti hai| ina zabdoM meM sAmUhikatA kI hI nIti mukhara ho rahI hai| aAdhunika yuga meM pracalita zAsanapraNAlI-prajAtantra kA prAdhAra to sAmUhikatA hai / hii| prajAtantra kA pramukha nArA hai United we stand divided we fall. -sAmUhika rUpa meM hama vijayI hote haiM aura vibhAjita hone para hamArA patana ho jAtA hai| sAmUhikatA kI nIti deza, jAti, samAja sabhI ke lie hitakara hai| svahita aura lokahita svahita aura lokahita naitika cintana ke sadA se hI mahattvapUrNa pahala rahe haiN| vidura" aura cANakya'2 ne svahita ko pramukhatA dI hai aura kucha anya nItikAroM ne parahita athavA lokahita ko pramukha mAnA hai, kahA hai-apane lie to sabhI jIte haiM, jo dUsaroM ke lie jIe, jIvana usI kA hai| yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai-jisa jIvana meM lokahita na ho usakI to mRtyu hI zreyaskara hai| isa prakAra kI paraspara virodhI aura ekAMgI nIti-dhArAe~ nItisAhitya meM prApta hotI haiN| lekina bhagavAna mahAvIra ne svahita aura lokahita ko paraspara virodhI nahIM maanaa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki bhagavAna kI dRSTi vistRta aAyAma taka pahuMcI haI thii| unhoMne svahita aura lokahita kA saMkIrNa artha nahIM liyA / svahita kA artha svArtha ora lokahita kA artha parArtha svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| api tu svahita meM parahita aura parahita meM svahita sannihita mAnA / isalie ve svahita aura lokahita kA sundara samanvaya janatA-janArdana aura vidvAnoM ke samakSa rakha ske| unhoMne apane sAdhanoM ko sva-para kalyANakArI banane kA sandeza diyaa| isI kAraNa jaina zramaNoM kA yaha eka vizeSaNa bana gyaa| zramaNajana apane hita ke sAtha lokahita bhI karate haiN| ____ bhagavAn kI vANI lokahita ke lie haiN| 5 pAMcoM mahAvrata svahita ke sAtha lokahita ke lie bhI haiN|' 6 ahiMsA bhagavatI lokahitakAriNI hai|'7 NamotthuNaM' sUtra meM to bhagavAn 11. viduranIti 16 12. cANakyanIti 116; paMcatantra 1387 13. subhASita, uddhRta nItizAstra kA sarvekSaNa pR. 208 14. vahI, pRSTha 205 15. praznavyAkaraNasUtra skandha 2, pra. 1, sU. 21 16. praznavyAkaraNasutra, skandha 2, a. 1, sU.
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________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra kI nIti / 9 ko lokahitakArI batAyA hI hai / 18 .. bhagavAn svayaM to apanA hita kara hI cuke hote haiM; kintu arihantAvasthA kI sabhI kriyAe~, upadeza Adi lokahita hI hotI haiN| sAdhu jo nirantara (navakalpI) paidala hI grAmAnugrAma vihAra karate haiM, usameM bhI svahita ke sAtha lokahita sannihita hai| zramaNa sAdhanoM ke samAna hI zrAvakavarga aura sAdhAraNa jana bhI, jo bhagavAn mahAvIra kI AjJApAlana meM tatpara rahate haiM, svahita ke sAtha lokahita ko bhI pramukhatA dete hai| yaha kahanA atizayokti nahIM hogI ki bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA nirdezita siddhAntoM meM lokahita ko sadaiva hI ucca sthAna prApta huA hai aura unakA anuyAyIvarga svahita ke sAthasAtha lokahita kA bhI pravirodhI rUpa se dhyAna rakhatA hai tathA isa nIti kA pAlana karatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ina viziSTa nItiyoM ke atirikta satya, ahiMsA, karuNA-jIvamAtra para dayA Adi sAmAnya nItiyoM kA bhI mArga prazasta kiyA tathA inheM parAkASThA taka phuNcaayaa| nIti ke sandarbha meM bhagavAna ne ise zramaNa nIti aura zrAvaka nIti ke rUpa meM vargIkRta kiyaa| zrAvaka cUMki samAja meM rahatA hai, sabhI prakAra ke vagoM ke vyaktiyoM se usakA sambandha rahatA hai, ataH isake lie samanvayanIti kA vizeSa prayojana hai| sAtha hI dharmAcaraNa kA bhI mahattva hai| use laukika vidhiyoM kA bhI pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai / isIlie kahA gayA hai sarva eva hi janAnAM, pramANaM lokiko vidhiH| yatra samyaktvahAnirna, yatra na vratadUSaNam // -somadevasUri : upAsakAdhyayana -jainoM ko sabhI laukika vidhiyAM pramANa haiM, zarta yaha hai ki samyaktva kI hAni na ho aura vratoM meM doSa na lge| . zrAvaka-vratarUpI sikke ke do pahalU hote haiM-1. dharmaparaka aura 2. nItiparaka / zrAvaka vratoM ke aticAra bhI isI rUpa meM sandabhita haiN| unameM bhI nItiparaka tattvoM kI vizeSatA hai| ThANAMgasUtra meM jo anukaMpAdAna, saMgrahadAna, abhayadAna, kAruNyadAna, lajjAdAna, gauravadAna, adharmadAna, dharmadAna, kariSyatidAna aura kRtadAna-yaha dasa prakAra ke daan| batAye gaye haiM, ve bhI pramukha rUpa se lokanItiparaka hI haiN| unakI upayogitA lokanIti ke sandarbha meM asaMdigdha hai| 18. zrAvaka vrata aura unake aticAroM ke nItiparaka vivecana ke lie dekheM lekhaka kI jaina nItizAstra pustaka kA saiddhAntika khaNDa (aprakAzita) dasavihe dANe paNNatte, taMjahAaNukaMpAsaMgahe ceva, bhaye kAluNiye i ya / lajjAe gAraveNa ya, ahamme puNa sattame / dhamme ya ame vRtte kAhIi ya kataMti ya / ThANAMga 101745 dhammo dIyo saMsAra samudra meM dharma hI dIpa hai
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________________ caturtha khaNDa | 10 isI prakAra ThANAMgasUtra meM varNita dasa dharmoM meM se grAmadharma, nagaradharma, rASTradharma, kuladharma Adi kA pratyakSa sambandha nIti se hai| ukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jaina naitika dRSTibindu svahita ke sAtha-sAtha lokahita ko bhI lekara calatA hai| gRhastha-jIvana meM to lokanIti ko svahita se adhika U~cA sthAna prApta huA hai| ___ bhagavAn ke upadezoM meM nihita isI samanvayAtmaka bindu kA prasArIkaraNa evaM puSpanapallavana bAda ke prAcAryoM dvArA huaa| prAcArya haribhadrakRta dharma binduprakaraNa21 aura prAcArya hemacandrakRta yogazAstra 2 meM mArgAnusArI ke jo 35 bola 3 diye gaye haiM ve bhI sadgRhastha ke naitika jIvana se sambandhita haiN| pravacanasAroddhAra meM zrAvaka ke 21 guNoM24 meM bhI lagabhaga sabhI guNa nIti se hI sambandhita haiN| isa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA nirdhArita nIti-siddhAntoM kA lagAtAra vikAsa hotA rahA aura aba bhI ho rahA hai / yadyapi nIti ke siddhAnta vahI haiM, kintu unameM nirantara yugAnukUla parimArjana aura pariSkAra hotA rahA hai, yaha dhArA vartamAna yuga taka calI pAI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yuga saMgharSoM kA yuga thaa| usa samaya prAcAra, darzana, naitikatA, sAmAjika U~ca-nIca ko dhAraNAe~, dAsa-dAsI-prathA Adi aneka prakAra kI samasyAe~ thiiN| sabhI varga unameM bhI samAja meM uccatAprApta brAhmaNavarga apane hI svArthoM meM lIna thA, mAnavatA pada-dalita ho rahI thI, krUratA kA bolabAlA thA, naitikatA ko loga bhUla se gaye the| aise kaThina samaya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne una samasyAoM ko samajhA, una para gahana cintana kiyA aura ucita samAdhAna diyaa| 1. naitikatA ke do dRSTikoNoM kA ucita samAdhAna usa samaya brAhmaNoM dvArA pratipAdita hiMsaka yajJa eka ora cala rahe the to dUsarI prora deha daNDa rUpa paMcAgni tapa kI paramparA pracalita thii| yadyapi bha. pArzvanAtha ne tApasaparamparA ke pAkhaMDa ko miTAne kA prayAsa kiyA kintu ve ni:zeSa nahIM hue the| 20. dasavihe dhamme paNNatte taMjahA (1) gAmadhamme, (2) nagaradhamme, (3) raTThadhamme, (4) pAsaMDadhamme, (5) kuladhammme, (6) gaNadhamme, (7) saMghadhamme, (8) suyadhamme, (9) carittadhamme, (10) atthikAyadhamme / -----ThANAMga, 10760 21. AcArya haribhadra-dharmabinduprakaraNa 1 22. prAcArya hemacandra-yogazAstra 1147-56 23. mArgAnusArI ke 35 boloM aura zrAvaka ke 21 guNoM kA nItiparaka vivecana anyatra kiyA gayA hai| 24. pravacanasAroddhAradvAra 239, gAthA 1356-1358
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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra ko nIti / 11 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne yajJa, yAga, zrAddha, Adi tathA paMcAgni tapa ko anaitika (pApamaya) kahA aura batAyA ki naitikatA kA sambandha sampUrNa jIvana se hai, isameM pApakArI pravattiyAM nahIM honI caahie| unhoMne vicAra aura prAcAra ke samanvaya kI nIti sthApita kii| unhoMne pratipAdita kiyA ki zubha vicAroM ke anusAra hI AcaraNa bhI zubha honA cAhie / tathA zubha AcaraNa ke anurUpa vicAra bhI zubha hoN| yoM unhoMne naitikatA ke bahirmukhI aura antarmukhI donoM pakSoM kA samanvaya karake mAnava ke sampUrNa (antarbAhya) jIvana meM naitikatA kI pratiSThA kii| 2. sAmAjika asamAnatA kI samasyA usa yuga meM jAti evaM varNa ke AdhAra para mAnava-mAnava meM bheda thA hI, eka ko U~cA aura dUsare ko nIcA samajhA jAtA thA, kintu isa U~ca-nIca kI bhAvanA meM dhana bhI eka pramukha vihIna loga nimna koTi ke samajhe jAte the| zUdroM-dAsoM kI sthiti to bahuta hI dayanIya thii| ve pazu se bhI gaye bIte mAne jAte the| yaha sthiti sAmAjika dRSTi se to viSama thI hI, sAtha hI isameM naitikatA ko bhI nimnatama stara taka pahuMcA diyA gayA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa anaitikatA ko todd'aa| unhoMne apane zramaNasaMgha meM cAroM vargoM aura sabhI jAti ke mAnavoM ko sthAna diyA tathA unake lie mukti kA dvAra khola diyaa| cANDAlakulotpanna sAdhaka harikezI 25 kI yajJakartA brAhmaNa rudradeva para uccatA dikhAkara naitikatA ko mAnavIya dharAtala para pratiSThita kiyaa| isI prakAra candanabAlA 26 ke prakaraNa meM dAsa-prathA ko naitika dRSTi se mAnavatA ke lie abhizApa siddha kiyaa| magadha samrATa zreNika kA nirdhana pUNiyA ke ghara jAnA aura sAmAyika ke phala kI yAcanA karanA, naitikatA kI pratiSThA ke rUpa meM jAnA jAyegA, yahA~ dhana aura sattA kA koI mahattva nahIM hai, mahattva hai naitikatA kA, pUNiyA ke nItipUrNa jIvana kaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne janma se varNavyavasthA ke siddhAnta ko nakAra kara karma se varNavyavasthA kA siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA aura isa pratipAdana meM naitikatA ko pramukha prAdhAra bnaayaa| usa yuga meM brAhmaNoM dvArA pracArita yajJa ke bAhya svarUpa ko nirdhArita karane vAle lakSaNa ko bhramapUrNa batAkara nayA AdhyAtmika lakSaNa diyA, jisameM naitikatA kA tattva spaSTa dRSTigocara hotA hai| mAnava kI jakar3ana se mukti usa yuga kA mAnava do prakAra ke niviDa bandhanoM se jakar3A huA thA-(1) IzvarakartRtvavAda aura (2) sAmAjika dhArmika tathA naitika rUr3hiyoM se / ina donoM bandhanoM se grasta 25. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 12 vA~ harikezIya adhyayana 26. mahAvIracariyaM, guNacandra 27. zreNikacaritra 28. uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 25, gA. 27, 21 Adi / 29. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 12/44 dhammo dIyo saMsAra samudra meM dharma hI dIpa hai ..
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________________ caturtha khaNDa | 12 mAnava chaTapaTA rahA thaa| ina bandhanoM ke duSpariNAmasvarUpa naitikatA kA hrAsa ho gayA aura bhAra IzvaravAda tathA IzvarakatatvavAda ke siddhAnta kA lAbha uThAkara brAhmaNoM aura kSatriyoM ne apanI viziSTa sthiti banA lii| sAtha hI Izvara ko mAnavIya bhAgya kA niyaMtraka aura niyAmaka mAnA jAne lgaa| isase mAnava kI svatantratA kA hrAsa huA, naitikatA meM bhI girAvaTa aaii| bhagavAn ne mAnava ko svayaM apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA batAkara mAnavatA kI pratiSThA to kI hI, sAtha usameM naitika sAhasa bhI jgaayaa| isI prakAra isa yuga meM snAna (bAhya athavA jala snAna) eka naitika karttavya mAnA jAtA thA, ise dhArmikatA kA rUpa bhI pradAna kara diyA gayA thA, jaba ki bAhya snAna se zuddhi mAnanA sirpha rUr3hivAditA hai| bhagavAn ne snAna kA nayA prAdhyAtmika lakSaNa30 dekara isa rUr3hivAditA ko todd'aa| brAhmaNoM ko dAna-dakSiNA denA bhI usa yuga meM gRhastha kA naitika-dhArmika kartavya banA diyA gayA thaa| isa viSaya meM bhI bhagavAn ne naI naitika dRSTi dekara dAna se saMyama ko zreSTha btaayaa| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA ki pratimAsa sahasroM gAyoM kA dAna dene se saMyama zreSTha hai|" vastutaH bhagavAna mahAvIra dAna ke virodhI nahIM haiM, apitu unhoMne to mokSa ke cAra sAdhanoM meM dAna, zIla, tapa aura bhAva meM dAna ko prathama sthAna diyA, kintu usa yuga meM brAhmaNoM ko dAna denA eka rUr3hi bana gaI thI, isa rUr3higrastatA ko hI bhagavAn ne tor3akara mAnava kI svatantratA tathA naitikatA kI sthApanA kI thii| bhagavAna ke kathana kA anumodana dhammapada32 meM bhI milatA hai aura gItA ke zAMkara bhASya 33meM bhii| upasaMhAra isa sampUrNa vivecana se spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne nIti ke naye AdhArabhUta siddhAnta nirdhArita kiye / saMvara Adi aise ghaTaka haiM jina para anya vidvAnoM kI dRSTi na jA skii| unhoMne anAgraha, anekAMta, yatanA, apramAda, samatA, vinaya prAdi nIti ke viziSTa tattva mAnava ko diye / sAmUhikatA ko saMgaThana kA AdhAra batAyA aura zramaNa evaM zrAvaka ko usake pAlana kA saMdeza diyA / sAmAnyatayA, sabhI anya dharmoM ne dharma tattva ko jAnane ke lie mAnava ko buddhi-prayoga kI AjJA nahIM dI, yahI kahA ki jo dharma-pravartakoM ne kahA hai, hamAre zAstroM meM likhA hai, usI para vizvAsa kara lo| kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra mAnava ko aMdhavizvAsI nahIM banAnA cAhate the, ataH 'pannA samikkhae dhamma' kahakara mAnava ko dharmatattva meM jijJAsA 30. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 12046 31, uttarAdhyayanasUtra 9 / 40 32. dhammapada 106 33. dekhie, gItA 4/26-27 para zAMkara bhASya
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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nIti / 13 aura buddhi-prayoga ko avakAza dekara usake naitika dharAtala ko U~cA utthaayaa| Atmahita ke sAtha-sAtha lokahita kA bhI upadeza diyaa| tatkAlIna ekAMgI vicAradhArAoM kA samyaka samanvaya kiyA, sAmAjika dhArmika dRSTi se rasAtala meM jAte hue naitika mUlyoM kI Thosa AdhAra para pratiSThA kii| ___ isa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nIti ke aise dizAnirdezaka sUtra diye jinakA sthAyI prabhAva humA aura samasta naitika cintana para unakA prabhAva Aja bhI spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai / 00 dhammo dIyo saMsAra samudra meM varma hI dIya hai|