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________________ aupapAtika sUtra pro. cAMdagala karNAvata aMgabAhya upAMga AgamoM meM A~papAtikasUtra' kI gaNanA prathama sthAna para kI jAtI haiN| kaI AgamoM meM varNita viSayoM kA isameM nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| campAnagarI, pUrNabhadra caitya, banakhaNDa Adi kA isane manohArI varNana hai camanareza karNika dvArA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzana karane saMbaMdhI varNana bhI vistAra se huA hai| isameM dvAdazavidha tapa kA bhI vistRta vivecana hai| bhaugolika, sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika dRSTi se bhI isa Agana ka adhyayana upayogI hai| samarpita svAdhyAyI prazikSaka evaM sevAnivRtta prophesara zrI damala jI karNAvaTa ne aupapAtika sUtra ke vividha AyAmoM kA digdarzana karavA hai / - sampAdaka caturdazapUrvadhara sthavira praNIta 'uvavAiya' yA 'aupapAtika sUtra' cAraha upAMgoM meM prathama hai| ise AcArAMga sUtra kA upAMga mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya abhayadeva sUri dvArA racita aupapAtika vRtti meM etadviSayaka ullekha kiyA gayA hai / AcArAMga meM varNita 'maiM kauna hU~, kahA~ se AyA hU~' kA vizleSaNa aupAtika meM kiyA jAnA isakA pramANa mAnA gayA hai| aupapAtika kA nAmakaraNa AcArya abhayadeva ke anusAra 'upapAta meM deva evaM nArakiyoM ke janma tathA siddhigamana ke varNana se prastuta Agama kA nAma aupapAtika hai| (aupapAtika abhayadevavRtti) aupapAtika kA saMkSipta paricaya - aupapAtika yA uvatrAiya zabda upaphata se banA hai / upapAta kA artha 'janma' hai| isa Agaga meM deva nAraka evaM anya jIvoM ke upapAta yA janma kA varNana hone se yaha aupapAtika kahalAyA / prastuta Agama varNanapradhAna zailI meM racita hai| saMbaMdhita varNana vistAra se hue haiM, ata: yaha anya AgamoM ke lie saMdarbha mAnA jAtA hai| bIca meM kucha padya racanA hote hue bhI yaha mukhyata: gadyAtmaka racanA hai| Agama kA AraMbha campAnagarI ke varNana se huA hai| isake bAda pUrNabhadra caitya, vanakhaNDa zilApaTTa ke zabdacitra yukta sundara varNana isameM upalabdha haiM / Agama ke pUrvArddha meM ukta varNanoM ke anantara tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA campA meM padArpaNa, yahIM bhagavAna kI ziSya saMpadA kA lalita citropama varNana, AdhyAtmikatApUrNa vairAgyAMtpAdakatA, mahAvIra ke jJAnI. dhyAnI tapasvI landhisaMpanna sAdhu saMgha kA varNana, prasaMgopAtta anazanAdi 12 tapoM ke bhedopabhedoM kA suvistRta kathana, mahArAjA kuNika kI darzanArtha jAne kI taiyArI, mahArAniyoM kI darzanArtha prasthAna kI taiyArI, prabhu ke samavasaraNa meM devoM kA Agamana, deva Rddhi kA citraNa, janasamudAya kA citraNa atyanna manorama zailI va sAhityika zailI meM nirUpita hai Agama ke uttararddha meM gaNadhara gautama kI vibhinna devoM Adi ke upapAta (janma) saMbaMdhI jijJAsAe~ aura unakA samAdhAna, isI prasaMga meM tatkAlIna parivrAjakoM kI aneka
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________________ auSapAtika sUtra. ...... ... 247 paraMparAoM kA varNana, ambar3a maMnyAso kA vistRta varNana, samudghAna evaM siddhAvasthA kA citraNa upalabdha hai| isa vistRta varNana meM tatkAlIna samAja, rAjya vyavasthA, zilpa evaM kalAkauzala kI jAnakArI zodhArthiyoM ke lie mahattvapUrNa hai| Agamika viSaya-vastu kA vizleSaNa campAnagarI prastuta Agama kA AraMbha gaMgAnagarI ke suramya , nitropatra vana se huA hai, jahAM bAda meM tIrthakara prabhu mahAvIra kA paTArpaNa huaa| campA ke varNanAntargata nagarI ke vaibhava, samRddhi evaM surakSA ke ullekha ke sAtha nAgarika jIvana, lahalahAtI khetI, pazu-pakSI, Amoda-pramoda ke sAdhana, bAga bagIce, kue~, nAlAba--bAvar3iyA~, choTe choTe bAMdhoM se sampanna vaha nagarI naMdana vana tulya pratIta hotI thii| U~cI vistRta gaharI khAI se yukta parakoTe, sudRr3ha dvAra, bhavanoM kI sundara kalAtmaka kArIgarI, caur3e tirAheMcaurAhe, nagara dvAra, toraNa, hATa bAjAra, kamaloM se yukta jalAzaya, zilpa evaM vAstukalA ke sundara namanoM se bharI pUrI zrI vaha ngrii| vastuta: vaha nagarI prekSaNIya abhirUpa yA manojJa aura pratirUpa arthAta mana meM basa jAne yogya thii| pUrNabhadra caittya yA yakSAyatana- jahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra virAje, vaha pUrNabhadra caitya prAcIna evaM prasiddha thaa| vaha chatra , dhvaja, ghaMTA, patAkA yukta jhaMDiyoM se susajjita thaa| vahAM romamaya picchiyAM saphAI hetu thiiN| gobara nirmita vedikAeM thI aura caMdana carcita maMgala ghaTa rakhe the| caMdana kalazoM aura toraNoM se dvAra susajjita the| una para laMbI puSpamAlAeM laTaka rahI thii| agara kundurUka lobAna kI gamagamAtI mahaka se surabhita thaa| hAsya-vinoda kA sthAna nartakoM, kalAbAjoM, pahalavAnoM Adi kI upasthiti se prakaTa thaa| laukika dRSTi se pUjA sthala thA vh| vanakhaNDa- banakhaNDa anekavidha vRkSoM se paripUrNa hare-bhare patra, puSpa, phUlaphaloM se yukta sapana evaM ramaNIya thaa| pakSiyoM ke kalarava se guMjAyamAna thaa| vanakhaNDa kI pATAvalI meM azoka vRkSa viziSTa thaa| aneka rathoM yAnoM, DoliyoM evaM pAlakhiyoM ko ThaharAne hetu paryApta sthAna thaa| vanakhaNDa meM kadambAdi aneka vRkSoM se ghiga latAkuMja sabhI RtuoM meM khilane vAle phUloM se suramya thaa| zilApaTTa-siMhAsanakRti thaa| citrAMkita sundara kalA kArIgarI se yukta thaa| campAnareza kaNika, rAjamahiSiyAM evaM darabAra- bhagavAna mahAvIra ke yahA~ padhArane evaM virAjane ke kAraNa campAnareza kUNika evaM unake darabAra kA varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai| rAjA kUNika himavAna parvata sadRza prajApAlaka, karuNAzIla, yi yo, sammAnita, pUjita pata rAjalakSaNoM se yukta thaa| indra samAna aizvaryavAna, pitRtulya evaM pagakramI thaa| usakA bhavya prAsAda, vizAla
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________________ sainya varNanIya thaa| rAjamahiSiyA~ bhI sadAcArI, pativratA evaM lAvaNyamayI thii| kaNika ke darabAra meM vibhinna adhikArI, maMtrI Adi the| unameM gaNanAyaka (janasamUhoM ke netA), tantrapAla yA ucca ArakSI adhikArI, mAMDalika rAjA, mAMDalika/ bhUsvAmI, mahAmaMtrI, amAtya, seTha, senApati Adi the| dUta, sandhipAla (sImArakSaka), sArthavAha, videzoM meM vyApArarata vyavasAyI Adi se usakA darabAra suzobhita thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA padArpaNa- campAnagarI meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA padArpaNa huaa| yahAM zAstrakAra ne tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zarIra sampadA kA atyaMta bhAvapUrNa varNana kiyA hai| varNana ke prAraMbha meM 'namutthuNaM' ke pATha meM varNita 'AigarANaM' se 'saMyaMsaMbuddhANaM' taka ke vizeSaNoM, AdhyAtmika vizeSatAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai jo pAThaka ke mana meM adhyAtmabhAvoM kA jvAra sA ubhArane meM sakSama hai| tadanantara tIrthakara mahAvIra kI zarIra sampadA kA sarvAga varNana komalapadAvalI meM citropatra zailI meM kiyA gayA hai| prabhu ke aMga- pratyaMgoM ke varNana ke sAtha tIrthakara ke zubha lakSaNoM tathA usake vItarAga svarUpa kA marmasparzI varNana zabdacitroM meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| sAdhu saMgha aura sthavira samudAya se parivRtta bhagavAna mahAvIra pUrNabhadra caitya meM avagraha lekara Thahare aura saMyama-tapa meM AtmA ko bhAvita karate hue viraaje| yahIM zAstrakAra ne prabhu kI sevA meM rahe hue antevAsI aNagAroM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai, jo hRdaya meM vairAgyabhAva kI hiloreM paidA karatA hai| aneka aNagAra svAdhyAya meM, zeSa dhyAna tathA dharmakathA Adi meM nirata the| aneka tapasvI the jo ratnAvalI, kanakAvalI tapa tathA zramaNa pratimAoM kI sAdhanA meM salaMgna the| ve jJAnI, tapasvI evaM labdhisampanna the| samiti gupti ke dhAraka, guptendriya, gupta brahmacArI aneka guNoM ke dhAraka, havana kI gaI agni ke samAna tejasvI aura jAjvalyamAna the, dIptimAna the, sAtha hI sthaviroM ke varNana meM batAyA ki ve sarvajJa nahIM, parantu sarvajJa samAna the| ina guNasaMpanna aNagAroM ko guNazAlA se zAstra ko sajAyA gayA hai| bhagavAna ke darzanArtha mahArAja kuNika va rAniyoM kI taiyArI evaM prasthAna- niyukta karmacAriyoM se prabhu mahAvIra ke Agamana kI sUcanA pAkara mahArAja kUNika evaM rAjarAniyoM ne taiyArI kii| snAna, majjana karake vastrAbhUSaNa dhAraNa kie| caturaMgiNI senA, senAnAyakoM, maMtriyoM Adi karmacAriyoM ko taiyArI evaM prasthAna kA Adeza huaa| sabhI yogya vezabhUSA meM upasthita hue| hAthI, ghor3e, ratha evaM paidala caturaMgiNI senA taiyAra thii| ATha maMgala zrI vatsa, jalakalaza, chatra-caMvara, vijaya patAkA Adi kI vistRta sajjA ke sAtha prasthAna kA citramaya varNana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| devadeviyoM kA evaM janasamudAya kA Agamana darzana vandana- asurakumAroM
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________________ SNRN. EENNELS Adi ke suvistRta varNana meM devoM ke sundara zarIra, vastra, AbhUSaNa, aMgopAMga rUpa sajjA kA ullekha huA hai| AlaMkArikatApUrNa citropama kAvyamayI zailI meM kiyA gayA varNana manohArI banA hai| yaha prastutIkaraNa devoM kI Rddhi samRddhi ko darzAne vAlA tathA unake cihoM ko batAne vAlA hai| anya bhavanapati, vANavyaMtara, jyotiSI evaM vaimAnika devoM kA varNana yathAtathya kiyA gayA hai| janasamudAya bhagavAna ke kalyANakArI darzana, vandana, zaMkA samAdhAna kA svarNa avasara pAkara AhlAdita thaa| aneka rAjA, rAjakumAra, ArakSaka-adhikArI, subhaToM, sainikoM, mAMDalika, talavara, kauTumbika, zreSThI, sArthavAha, tattva nirNaya, saMyama grahaNa zrAvaka dharma svIkAra karane kI utkRSTa bhAvanAoM se bharakara hAthI, ghor3e, pAlakI Adi vAhanoM para prasthita hue| mahArAja kUNika, janasamudAya, deva sabhI na ati dUra na ati nikaTa bhagavAna kI sevA meM prastuta hokara paryupAsanA karane lge| suvistRta manohArI varNana kyoM? sahaja hI prazna khar3A hotA hai ki lokottara zAstra meM, AptavANI rUpa Agama meM aisA kalAtmaka bhautika vastu jagat kA varNana kyoM kiyA gayA? zAstrakAra batAte haiM ki vastujagata kA varNana yathAtathya rUpa meM prastuta karanA nirdoSa hai| (dazavaikAlika a.7) bhagavAna jahAM padhAre, una sthAnoM kA darzanArthI rAjAdi kA yathAtathya varNana paricaya kI dRSTi se doSayukta nahIM mAnA gyaa| sAtha hI rAjA-mahArAjA, deva-deviyoM kI itanI Rddhi-samRddhi bhI tyAgiyoM ke caraNoM meM jhukatI hai, yaha dikhAnA bhI zAstrakAra kA abhISTa rahA hogaa| arthAt AdhyAtmika vaibhava ke caraNoM meM bhautika vaibhava kA jhukanA bhautikatA kI nissAratA ko siddha karatA hai| isake sAtha hI tyAgI tapasvI muni zmazAna, khaMDahara Adi meM bhI Thaharate haiM, unake lie bhavana aura vana samAna hai,ve samatA ke sAdhaka bhautikatA se prabhAvita nahIM hote, yaha pratipAdana bhI sUtra kA lakSya rahA hai| isake atirikta kisI vizeSa prasaMga se bAhara nikalate hue rAjA mahArAjA, deva-deviyoM aura janasamudAya kI samAroha pUrvaka prasthAna kI paripATI bhI rahI hai| anazanAdi tapoM kA varNana- bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dIrghatapasvI jIvana evaM unake aMlevAsI aNagAroM kI kaThora tapArAdhanA ke prasaMga meM anazanAdi 12 tapoM ke bhedoM kA varNana isa Agama kI vizeSatA hai| yahAM kucha tapoM ke viSaya meM saMketa karanA vAMchanIya hogaa| anazana tapa- isa tapa ke do pramukha bheda batAe gae- itvarika aura yaavtkthik| itvarika tapa maryAdita kAla ke lie cautthabhatta se cha: mAsI taSa paryanta hotA hai evaM yAvatkathika meM jIvanabhara ke lie AhAra tyAga hotA hai| yAvankathika meM pAdayogamana saMthAg2a evaM bhaktapaNana pratyAkhyAna hotA hai|
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________________ |.250 jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGaka pATapopagamana ke bhI vyAghAnima aura nirvyAghAtima bheda haiN| isI prakAra bhaktapratyAkhyAna ke vyAghAtima. nivyAghAtiya bheda batAe haiM: vyAghrAtima kA artha vyAghAta jaise hiMsaka pazu yA dAvAnala Adi upadrava kI upasthiti meM AjIvana AhAra tyaag| niyaghAnima meM upadrava na hone para gRtyukAla samIpa jAnakara AjIvana AhAra tyaag| avamodArikA ke do bheda- dravyavamArikA, bhaavavmaarikaa| dravyAvamodarikA meM upakaraNa evaM bhakta pAna kI maryAdA hotI hai| bhakta pAna meM 8 grAsa, 12,16, 24, 30 evaM 32 grAma kI maryAdA se AhAra lenA hotA hai| bhAva avamodArikA aneka prakAra ko hai, yathA- krodhAdi kaSAyoM kI alpatA yA abhAva kA abhyaas| bhikSAcaryA-abhigraha sahita dravya, kSetra . kAla evaM bhAva kI apekSA isake 30 bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra kAyakleza meM aneka bhedoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai- eka hI prakAra se baiThe yA khar3e rhnaa| mAsikAdi pratimA svIkAranA, kaThora Asana meM rahanA tathA thUka Ane para na thUkanA. khujalI Ane para bhI nahIM khujAlanA, deha ko kapar3e Adi se nahIM DhaMkanA parantu yaha saba samabhAva se karma-nirjarA yA Atma-zuddhi ke lie kiyA jAtA AbhyaMtara tapoM meM vinaya ke jJAna, darzana, cAritrAdi ke bheTopabhedoM se kula 45 bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai| dhyAna-Arta aura raudra dhyAna ke 4 prakAra etaM 4 lakSaNoM ke bhedoM ke sAtha dharmadhyAna evaM zukladhyAna ke 4 bheTa, 4 lakSaNa, . Alambana evaM 4 anuprekSAoM ke krama se pratyeka ke 4--4 bheTa batAe gae hai| pAThaka inakA vistRta adhyayana isa Agama se kara sakate haiN| tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA dharmadezanA- 34 atizaya yukta tathA 35 vANI ke guNoM sahita prabhu mahAvIra ne upasthita deva-deviyoM, jana samudAya evaM rAjA kRNika Adi kI virAT pariSad ko syAdavAda zailI meM dharmadezanA dii| prabhu ne AgAra, aNagAra do prakAra ke dharma btaae| lokAloka ke astitva kathana ke sAtha jIvAdi 9 tattvoM kA kathana kiyaa| bhagavAna ne batAya ki aTAraha pApa tyAgane yogya haiM sukata saphaladAyI evaM draSkRtya da:khadAyI hone haiN| karmajanita AvaraNa ke kSINa hone se svasthatA evaM zAMti prApta hotI hai| prabhu ne 4 gatiyoM ke baMdha ke kAraNa bhI btaae| nirgrantha-pravacana prazibheTa karane vAlA, anuttara, advitIya, saMzaddha evaM nirdoSa hai tathA sarvaduHkhoM kA vinAzaka hai| isa mArga ke sAdhaka maharddhaka deva yA nakti ke adhikArI banate haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra se Agara-mANagAra To prakAra ke dharma ko sunakara
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________________ aupapAtika sUtra . . . . 251 upasthita janasamadAya meM se aneka ne zramA dharma aura zrAvaka dharma svIkAra kiyaa| indrabhUti gautama kI jijJAsA- Agama ke isa uttarArdha meM indrabhUti gaNadhara gaitama kI jijJAsAoM kA ullekha hai, jinakA samAdhAna prabhu mahAvIra ne kiyaa| gaNadhara gautama ko jijJAsAeM jIvoM ke upapAna(janma) ke viSaya meM huI haiN| inakA vistRta ullekha sUtra 62 se Agama kI samApti paryanta huA hai| yahAM unakA saMketa mAtra hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| upapAta meM ekAnta bAla, klezita, bhadrajana pariklezita nArIvarga, dvidravyAdi sevI manuSyoM ke upapAta ke varNana meM prabhu ne unake AgAmI janma, kAla maryAdA tathA ArAdhakavirAdhakAna ke viSaya meM samAdhAna kiyA hai| isake atirikti upapAta meM vAnaprasthoM, pravajita zramaNoM, parivrAjakoM, pratyanIkoM, AjIvikoM, saMjJI paMcendriya, tiyaMcayoni jIvoM, nivoM, alpAMrabhI Adi manuSyoM, anAraMbhI zramoM, sarvakAmAdi viratoM ke upapAta saMbaMdhI jijJAsAoM kA sundara samAdhAna bhI yahAM prApta hotA hai| AcArAMga sUtra ke 'maiM kauna kahAM se AyA, kahAM jAnA' ke mUla viSaya kI vistRta vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM upapapAta kA yaha vistRta ullekha 'uvavAiya' Agama ko AvArAMga kA upAMga pramANita karane kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya hai| parivrAjaka paramparAe~- upapAta viSaya ke ullekha ke antargata parivrAjaka varga kI vibhinna paramparAoM kA ullekha zodhArthiyoM ke lie atIva mahanvapUrNa hai| sAMkhya, kApila, bhArgava (bhaguRSi) evaM kRSNA parivrAjakoM kA ullekha huA hai| isake sAtha hI ATha brAhmaNa evaM ATha kSatriya parivrAjakoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| ina parivrAjakoM ke AcAra, vicAra, caryA, pAtra, veza, zuci, vihAra Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| yaha varNana 76 veM sUtra se 88 taka upalabdha hai| vAnaprastha paramparAe~ prastuta Agama ke sUtra 74 meM vibhinna vAnaprastha paramparAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| gaMgAtaTa para nivAsa karane vAle ina vAnaprasthoM kI mUla pahicAna inake nAmoM se batAI gaI hai jaise hotRka-agni meM havana karane vAle aadi| inakI eka lambI sUcI yahAM dI gaI hai| indrabhUti ganama gaNadhara kI jijJAsA ke samAdhAna svarUpa prabhu mahAvIra ne inakaM utpAta AyuSya tathA ArAdhaka-anAradhaka hone ke viSaya meM kathana kiyA hai| ambar3a parivrAjaka evaM usake 700 aMtevAsI - ambar3a kI zrAvaka-dharma kI sAdhanA. usakI avadhi, vaikriya evaM vIryalabdhiyAM tathA usakI priMyadharmitA evaM arihaMta vItarAga deva ke prati dRr3hatA kA varNana prApta hotA hai| yahAM aMbar3a ke utaravartI bhava bhI batAe haiN|
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________________ isI aMbar3a ke 700 aMtevAsI kisa prakAra adatta na lene ke apane vrata kI sAdhanA meM saMthArApUrvaka paMDita maraNa ko prApta hote haiM, yaha ullekha milatA hai| samudghAta evaM siddhAvasthA- upapAta ke sAtha kevalI samudghAta kA vistRta varNana tathA samudghAta kA svarUpa varNana karake zAstrakAra dvArA siddha avasthA kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| isameM siddhoM kI avagAhanA, saMhanana, saMsthAna, tathA unake parivAsa kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| prastuta Agama kI katipaya vizeSatAe~ * AptavANI hone se Agama jJAna ke prakAzastaMbha hote haiN| ve ajJAna aMdhakAra meM bhaTakate mAnava ko jJAna kA prakAza pradAna kara kalyANa patha para agrasara karate haiN| uvavAiya sUtra nagarI ke varNana, vanakhaMDa ke varNana Adi kI dRSTi se anya AgamoM ke lie saMdarbha grantha mAnA gayA hai| ise Agama kI maulika vizeSatA mAnA gayA hai| nagara nirmANa, nagara surakSA evaM vyavasthA, janajIvana, kalA, zilpa(vAstu) evaM rAjyavyavasthA kI paryApta sAmagrI isa Agama meM upalabdha hai| isa dRSTi se yaha zodhArthiyoM ke lie atIva mahattvapUrNa hai| vAnaprastha evaM parivrAjaka paramparAoM ke ullekha isa Agama meM vistAra se kie gae haiN| ye inakI AcAra-vicAra caryA para paryApta prakAza DAlate haiN| sUtra sUyagaDAMga ke samaya adhikAra meM dArzanika dRSTi se vibhinna dArzanika paramparAoM kA varNana hai, jo saiddhAMtikatA para prakAza DAlate haiN| vAnaprastha evaM parivrAjaka paramparAoM kA adhyayana zodhakartAoM ke lie mahattvapUrNa varNanapradhAna evaM zabdacitra zailI meM racita yaha Agama sAhityika racanA kA udAharaNa hai| isake praNetA caturdazapUrvI sthavira ne siddhAntAnusAra varNanapradhAna sthaloM evaM kriyAkalApoM kA yathAtathya varNana prastuta kiyA hai| zramaNa jIvana evaM sthavira jIvana ke vistRta varNana ke sAtha tapa-sAdhanA kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha isakI apanI vizeSatA hai| __ aMtata: yaha Agama jJAna, darzana, cAritra evaM tapa ke sAdhakoM ke lie paThanIya, mananIya evaM AcaraNIya hai| - 35, ahiMsApurI, udayapura (rAja.)