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________________ arthameM bhUla aura usakA samAdhAna yoM to zabdoMke arthameM kabhI-kabhI bhUla ho jAyA karatI hai aura bAdameM vaha ThIka bhI ho jAtI hai| lekina koI-koI bhUla aisI ho jAtI hai jo ki paramparAmeM pahu~ca jAtI hai| phira usake viSayameM yaha dhyAna bhI nahIM hotA ki bhUla hai yA nhiiN| aise hI kucha sthaloMko yahA~para rakhatA hU~ AzA hai vidvAna pAThaka avazya vicAra kreNge| 1. nyAyadIpikA "asAdhAraNadharmavacanaM lakSaNamiti kecit, tadanupapannaM lakSyamivacanasya lakSaNadharmavacanena sAmAnAdhikaraNyAbhAvaprasaMgAt / " yaha to mujhe smaraNa nahIM ki gurumukhase isakA kyA artha maiMne sunA thA, kintu usa samaya mujhe isa graMthakI eTA nivAsI paM0 khUbacandra jI kRta hindI-TIkA dekhanekA maukA milA thA, usameM ina paMktiyoMkA jo artha kiyA gayA hai vaha mujhe asaMgata jAna pdd'aa| mAlUma hotA hai isa hindI-TIkAke sahArepara hI kama vidyArthI-samAjameM to yaha artha avazya hI mAnA jAtA hai / ___ hamArI jaina parIkSAoMmeM bhI yaha prazna prAyaH pUchA jAtA hai aura bahudhA vidyArthI bhI isI DhaMgase samAdhAna karate hoMge / acchA hotA, yadi vidvAna parIkSaka isa arthake viSayameM kucha saMketa karate, lekina isapara Aja taka kisIkA bhI dhyAna nahIM gyaa| astu, ullikhita TokAmeM isa prakAra artha kiyA gayA hai __ "kaI matavAle sarvathA asAdhAraNa dharmako lakSaNa kahate haiM, parantu yaha unakA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki lakSya aura lakSaNa donoM eka hI adhikaraNameM rahate hai aisA niyama hai| yadi aisA na mAnoge to ghaTakA lakSaNa paTa bhI mAnanA par3egA, parantu pravAdIke mAne hue lakSaNake anusAra lakSya tathA lakSaNa (kA) rahanA eka hI adhikaraNameM nahIM bana sakatA, kyoMki usake matAnusAra lakSaNa lakSyameM rahatA hai aura lakSya apane avayavoMmeM rahatA hai| jaise pRthivIkA lakSaNa gaMdha hai vaha gaMdha pRthivImeM rahatA hai aura pRthivI apane avayavoMmeM rahatI hai isaliye isa lakSaNameM asaMbhava doSa AtA hai|" 1. yahA~para TIkAkArane lakSya aura lakSaNake viSayameM eka adhikaraNakA niyama mAnakara usa niyamake abhAvameM jo jo yaha Apatti dI hai ki ghaTakA lakSaNa paTa bhI mAnanA par3egA, vaha ThIka nahIM, kAraNa ki dUdha aura jala ye donoM padArtha eka pAtrameM rakhe jA sakate haiM to usa avasthAmeM dUdha aura jalameM parasparake lakSya lakSaNabhAvakI Apatti eka adhikaraNake mAnanepara bhI banI rahatI hai / rasa aura rUpa to sarvadA eka hI adhikaraNameM rahate hai, isaliye inameM to yaha Apatti spaSTa hI hai / 2. svayaM nyAyadIpikAkArane bhI lakSya aura lakSaNakA eka adhikaraNa svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai, agnikA lakSaNa uSNapanA aura devadattakA lakSaNa daNDa ina donoM lakSaNoMmeM lakSya aura lakSaNakA eka AdhAra koI bhI vidvAna svIkAra nahIM kregaa| 3. Age calakara jo yaha likhA hai ki "naiyAyikake matAnusAra lakSaNa lakSyameM rahatA hai aura lakSya apane avayavoMmeM rahatA hai", yaha likhanA bhI ThIka nahIM, kAraNa eka to lakSya aura lakSaNakI ekAdhikaraNatA lakSya-lakSaNabhAvakI niyAmaka nahIM, jabaki lakSya sarvadA lakSaNakA AdhAra hI rahatA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki naiyAyikake matAnusAra guNakA lakSaNa to guNameM rahatA hai aura guNa dravyameM rahatA hai na ki apane avayavoMmeM,
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________________ 4/ darzana aura nyAya : 81 taba hama yaha kaise kaha sakate haiM ki naiyAyikake matAnusAra lakSaNa lakSyameM rahatA hai aura lakSya apane avayavoMmeM rahatA hai| yadyapi dravyakI apekSAse yaha kathana sammata kahA jA sakatA hai| kintu yahA~ para lakSya-lakSaNabhAvakA sAmAnya kathana honeke kAraNa aisA likhanA samAlocya avazya hai| aba maiM pAThakoMke sAmane usa arthako rakhatA hU~ jo saMgata mAlUma hotA hai| vacanakA artha vAkya yA zabda hotA hai / lakSaNake kathanameM do vAkya hote haiM-1. lakSyavAkya, 2. lakSaNavAkya / naiyAyika asAdhAraNadharmavacanako lakSaNa mAnatA hai, isaliye usake anusAra jaba lakSaNa dharmavacana haA to lakSyako dharmivacana mAnanA hogA, kAraNa kisI padArthakA AsAdhAraNadharma jaba usa padArthakA lakSaNa mAnA jAtA hai to lakSyapadArtha dharmirUpa hI siddha hotA hai| "samyagjJAnaM pramANam, gaMdhavatI' pRthvI" inameM samyagjJAnatva pramANakA aura gaMdhavatva yA gaMdha pathivIkA lakSaNa hai isaliye 'samyagjJAnaM' aura 'gaMdhavatI' ye donoM vacana lakSaNavacana haiM aura 'pramANaM' tathA 'pathivI' ye donoM lakSyavacana haiN| yahA~para samyagjJAnapadavAcya jo vastu hai vahI pramANapadavAcya hai tathA gaMdhavatIpadavAcya jo vastu hai vahI pRthivIpadavAcya hai| isa prakAra lakSyavacana aura lakSaNavacanakA sAmAnAdhikaraNya mAnanA par3atA hai, kAraNa binA sAmAnAdhikaraNyake samAnavibhaktika prayoga nahIM ho sakate / 2bhinnapravRttinimittavAle zabdoMko eka arthameM vRttiko sAmAnAdhikaraNya kahate haiN| yahA~ para vRttikA artha sambandha hai, vaha sambandha zabda aura arthakA vAcya-vAcakabhAvarUpa mAnA gayA hai| "samyagjJAnaM pramANaM" isameM 'samyagjJAnaM' isa lakSaNavacanakA pravRttinimitta samyagjJAnatva hai, 'pramANaM' isa lakSyavacanakA pravRttinimitta pramANatva hai| isa taraha bhinnapravRttinimittavAle ye donoM zabda eka hI artha ke bodhaka haiM arthAt samyagjJAnazabdase jisa arthakA bodha hotA hai vahI artha pramANazabdase jAnA jAtA hai, kAraNa ki jo vastu samyagjJAna hai vahI to pramANa hai| isI prakAra gandhavatvapravRttinimittavAle gandhavatIzabdase jisa arthakA bodha hotA hai vahI artha pathivItvapravRttinimittavAle pRthivIzabdase jAnA jAtA hai, kAraNa jo padArtha gandhavAna hai vahI to pathivI hai| isa taraha lakSyavacana aura lakSaNavacana eka hI arthake pratipAdaka honese ve samAnAdhikaraNa siddha hote haiN| naiyAyikake matAnusAra lakSyavacana mivacanarUpa aura lakSaNavacana dharmavacana rUpa hI siddha hote haiN| lekina dharmivacana aura dharmavacana kabhI bhI eka arthake pratipAdaka nahIM hote haiM-dharmavacana dharmakA hI pratipAdana karatA hai aura dharmivacana dharmIkA hI pratipAdana karatA hai, isaliye ina donoMmeM ekArthapratipAdanarUpa sAmAnAdhikaraNyakA abhAva prApta hotA hai, vaha ucita nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, kAraNa ki lakSyavacana aura lakSaNavacanameM sAmAnAdhikaraNya "samyagjJAnaM pramANaM, gandhavatI pRthvI" ityAdi sthaloMmeM mAnA gayA hai, isaliye naiyAyikake dvArA mAnA huA lakSaNakA lakSaNa ThIka nahIM hai| usameM asambhava doSa AtA hai| 2. AptaparIkSA "syAnmataM pathivyaptejovAyvAkAzakAladigAtmamanAMsi navadravyANi / dravyapadasyArtha iti (cet), kathameko dravyapadArthaH ? sAmAnyasaMjJAbhidhAnAditi cenna sAmAnyasaMjJAyAH sAmAnya vadviSayatvAt / tadarthasya sAmAnyapadArthatve tato vizeSvapravRttiprasaMgAt; dravyapadArthasyaikasyAsiddhezca" (pRSTha 4, purAnA sNskrnn)| 1. naiyAyika matAnusAra / 2. bhinnapravRttinimittAnAM zabdAnAmekasminnarthe vRttiH sAmAnAdhikaraNyam / -siddhAntakaumudI vyAkaraNa, nyA0 ta0 bodhanI TIkA /
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________________ 82: sarasvatI - varavaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana grantha bahudhA vidyAlayoM meM isa sthalapara " sAmAnyavadviSayatvAt" ke sthAna meM 'sAmAnyaviSayatvAt' aisA pATha sudhAra diyA jAtA hai tathA abhI isa granthakA navIna saMskaraNa kaThanerAjIne nikAlA hai| usameM to "vat" zabdako bilakula nikAla diyA gayA hai| merI samajhase saMzodhakoMkA karttavya honA cAhiye ki ve jisa pAThako azuddha samajheM usakA pAThAntara kara deM, yaha rIti bahuta hI AdaraNIya mAnI jA sakatI hai kyoMki kahIM-kahIMpara zuddha pAThako azuddha samajha kara nikAla denemeM zuddha pAThakI khojake liye bahuta kaThinAI uThAnA par3atI hai / Upara likhA pATha hI zuddha hai / abhI taka jo hamAre vidvAna "vat" zabdako nikAlakara artha karate A rahe haiM vaha azuddha hai / isakA vicAra karaneke liye isa sthalakA artha yahA~ likhA jAtA hai / yahA~para vAdI vaizeSika dravyapadArthako eka siddha karanA cAhatA hai| lekina vaha pRthivI, jala, teja, vAyu, AkAza, kAla, dizA, AtmA aura mana ina navako dravyapadakA artha svIkAra karatA hai, isaliye usase prazna kiyA gayA hai ki jaba tuma dravyapadake nava (nau) artha mAnate ho to eka dravyapadArtha kaise siddha hogA ? isake uttarameM vaha kahatA hai ki 'dravya' yaha pada naukI sAmAnyasaMjJA hai / vaha samajhatA hai ki sAmAnya saMjJAkA vAcya sAmAnya hI ho sakatA hai, isaliye dravyapadakA sAmAnyarUpa eka artha siddha hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM ho sakatI hai / isapara granthakArane nimna prakAra bAdhAyeM upasthita kI haiM - (1) sAmAnyasaMjJAkA sAmAnya viSaya ( vAcya ) nahIM hokara sAmAnyavAn viSaya hotA hai kyoMki jisa zabdake zravaNase jisa padArtha meM logoMkI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai usa zabdakA vahI artha mAnA jAtA hai / "dravyamAnaya", "dravyaM pazya" ityAdi vAkyoMse pRthivI, jala Adi vizeSameM hI Anayana va dekhanerUpa manuSyoM kI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai, dravyatvasAmAnyameM nahIM, isaliye dravyapadake dravyatvasAmAnyavAn pRthivI, jala Adi vizeSa padArtha hI artha siddha hoMge, eka sAmAnyapadArtha nahIM / (2) yadi dravyapadakA dravyatvasAmAnya hI artha mAnA jAya to dravyapadake zravaNase pRthivI, jala Adi vizeSameM manuSyoMkI pravRtti nahIM honA cAhiye, lekina hotI hai, isaliye dravyapadakA dravyatvasAmAnya artha yuktisaMgata nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / (3) kisI tarahase dravyatvasAmAnya artha mAna bhI liyA jAya, to bhI dravyapadArtha eka siddha na hogA / isakA kAraNa granthameM isa sthalake Age spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, yahA~para upayogI na honese nahIM likhA hai / mujhe AzA hai ki aba avazya hI ina sthaloMke artha meM sudhAra kiyA jAyagA aura yadi mere likhanemeM koI truTi hogI to vidvAna pAThaka mujhe avazya hI sUcita kareMge / isa lekhapara sva0 paM0 mahendrakumAra jI jaina nyAyatIrthaM nyAyAdhyApaka syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya kAzIne apanA abhiprAya nimna rUpameM prakaTa kiyA thA / jaina mitra (4 maI 1933) meM bhAI baMzIdharajI vyAkaraNAcAryakA "artha meM bhUla" zIrSaka lekha dekhA / maiM paMDitajIkI isa upayogI carcAkA abhinandana karatA hU~ / paM0 khUbacandrajI kRta nyAyadIpikAko hindI TIkA tathA paM0 jIke arthakA milAna kiyaa| isa viSayameM mere vicAra nimna prakAra haiM nyAyadIpikAkArane lakSaNa ke do bheda kiye haiM- (1) AtmabhUta, (2) anAtmabhUta / anAtbhUtalakSaNa meM sAmAnAdhikaraNya honA jarUrI nahIM, kyoMki vaha lakSaNa vastusvarUpameM milA huA nahIM hotA, bhinna padArtha hI
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________________ 4 | darzana aura nyAya : 83 isameM lakSaka hotA hai / 'daNDaH puruSasya' isa lakSaNameM yadi ekAdhAravRttitvalakSaNa sAmAnAdhikaraNya nahIM hai to ekArthapratipAdakatvalakSaNa sAmAnAdhikaraNya bhI nahIM hai| jisa taraha 'samyagjJAnaM pramANaM', isa lakSaNameM bhI jo samyagjJAnapadavAcya hai vahI to pramANapadavAcya hai yA jo pramANapadavAcya hai vahI to samyagjJAnapada vAcya hai aisA ekArthapratipAdakatvena sAmAnAdhikaraNya hotA hai vaisA 'daNDaHpuruSasya' yahA~para "jo puruSapadavAcya hai vahI daNDavatvapadavAcya hai yA jo daNDavatvapadavAcya hai vahI puruSapadavAcya" aisA niyama nahIM hai, kyoMki daNDavatvAbhAvameM bhI puruSa aura puruSAbhAvameM bhI daNDavatva ho sakatA hai| parantu AtmabhUtalakSaNameM sAmAnAdhikaraNya honA atyAvazyaka hai| vaha sAmAnAdhikaraNya yadi ekArthapratipAdakatvena ho sakatA hai to ekAdhAravRttitvena hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai kyoMki AtmabhUtalakSaNa vastusvarUpAtmaka hotA hai| svarUpase kathaMcittAdAtmya rakhanevAlI vastuoMmeM bhinnAdhikaraNatA saMbhava hI nahIM hai anyathA svarUpa-svarUpavadbhAva hI na ho skegaa| yaha Apatti bhI ThIka nahIM hai ki dUdha aura jalameM eka bhAjanavRttitvena sAmAnAdhikaraNya evaM rUpa aura rasameM abhinnadravyAdhAratayA sAmAnAdhikaraNya jaba hai to lakSyalakSaNabhAva honA cAhiye, kyoMki lakSyalakSaNabhAva vyApya hai sAmAnAdhikaraNya vyApaka; isaliye jahA~-jahA~ lakSyalakSaNabhAva (AtmabhUtIya) hogA vahA~vahA~para sAmAnAdhikaraNya avazya hogA, kintu sAmAnAdhikaraNya honepara lakSyalakSaNabhAva honA jarUrI nahIM hai| _ 'agneroSNyaM' yahA~para ekAdhikaraNa hai kyoMki jo auSaNyakA AdhAra hai vahI to agnikA hai kathaMcittAdAtmya honese bhinnAdhikaraNatA kadApi sambhava nahIM', anyathA guNagaNibhAvakA lopa ho jAyagA / naiyAyikake yahA~ dravya, guNa, karma Adi svataMtra padArtha haiM / inameM samavAyasambandha hotA hai kathaMcit tAdAtmyasambandha usane mAnA nahIM hai| isaliye usake yahA~ dravyakA lakSaNa dravyameM rahegA to dravya apane avayavoMmeM, isa taraha bhinnAdhikaraNatA, guNakA lakSaNa guNameM, guNa dravyameM isa taraha bhinnAdhikaraNatA, karmakA lakSaNa karmameM, karma dravyameM isa taraha bhinnAdhikaraNatA sarvatra banI rahatI hai, isaliye asambhavadoSa bAdhita lakSyavRtti honese A jAtA hai| nyAyadIpikAkArane AtmabhUtalakSaNako jo pRthak kiyA hai usakA antaraMgakAraNa sAmAnAdhikaraNyakI AvazyakatA hI hai / AzA hai ki isa granthako lagAte samaya ina bAtoMkA dhyAna avazya rakhA jAyagA / jainamitra, tA0 8 jUna san 1933, aMka 32 varSa 34 meM prakAzita / isakA uttara hamane nimnalikhita diyaa| bandhavara paM0 mahendrakumArajI nyAyatIrtha nyAyAdhyApaka syA0 mahAvidyAlaya kAzIne mere dvArA kiye gaye nyAyadIpikAke arthameM matabheda dikhalAte hue kucha vicAra prakaTa kiye haiN| paM0 jIkA Azaya hai ki "AtmabhUtalakSaNameM mAmAnAdhikaraNa honA Avazyaka hai vaha ekArthapratipAdakatvarUpa yA ekAdhAravRttitvarUpa ho sakatA hai| anAtmabhUtalakSaNameM sAmAnAdhikaraNya Avazyaka nahIM, cAhe vaha ekArthapratipAdakatvarUpa ho yA ekAdhAravRttitvarUpa ho / " yaha bAta dhyAnameM rakhanA cAhiye ki ekArthapratipAdakatvarUpa sAmAnAdhikaraNya zabdavRtti hai, isaliye vaha lakSyavacana aura lakSaNavacanameM rahegA, ekAdhAravRttitvarUpa sAmAnAdhikaraNya arthavRtti hai, isaliye vaha lakSyavastu aura lakSaNavastumeM pAyA jaaygaa|
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________________ 84 : sarasvatI-varavaputra paM. baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-grantha merA khayAla hai ki AtmabhUtalakSaNameM bhI anAtmabhUtalakSaNakI taraha lakSya aura lakSaNa vastuoMmeM ekAdhAravRttitvarUpa sAmAnAdhikaraNyakA sadbhAva athavA usakA jJAna lakSyalakSaNabhAvakA prayojaka nahIM, yadi mAnA jAya to naiyAyikako kabhI bhI gandhavatIzabdase pRthvIkA bhAna nahIM honA cAhiye, kyoMki gaMdha aura pRthvIkA eka AdhAra nahIM honese lakSyalakSaNabhAva nahIM bana sakatA hai| aura to kyA jainI bhI yadi naiyAyikake granthoMmeM gandhavatI zabdako dekhate hai to usakA artha pRthvI hI karate haiM kyoMki ve samajhate hai ki naiyAyikane gandhako pRthvIkA lakSaNa svIkAra kiyA hai usake yahA~ pRthvIkA bodhaka gandhavatIzabda lAkSaNika hai, sAMketika nhiiN| isaliye hama yaha kaise kaha sakate haiM ki naiyAyikake yahA~ lakSya aura lakSaNa vastuoMmeM bhinnAdhikaraNatA rahanese asAdhAraNadharma rUpa lakSaNameM asambhava doSa AtA hai jabaki usake matAnusAra hama gandhako pRthvIkA lakSaNa svIkAra kara lete haiN| 'gaMdha pRthvIkA lakSaNa' hama (jainI) isaliye nahIM karate ki isameM asaMbhava doSa AtA hai kintu isaliye nahIM karate haiM ki gandha pRthvIkA asAdhAraNa dharma nahIM hai, kAraNa ki (jaina mAnyatAnusAra) jalAdikameM bhI gaMdha pAyA jAtA hai / lakSaNa padArthakA jJApaka mAnA gayA hai / naiyAyikakI mAnyatAnusAra gandha pRthvIkA jJApaka siddha hotA hI hai; bhale hI unameM ekAdhikaraNya na ho| isaliye isa DhaMgase asambhava doSa batalAnA saMgata nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| jo lakSaNa lakSyameM na pAyA jAya, usako asaMbhavita kahate haiM, naiyAyika asAdhAraNadharmako lakSaNa mAnatA hai tathA usake yahA~ gandha pRthvIkA asAdhAraNa dharma hai arthAt gandha pRthvIrUpa lakSyameM rahatA hai to yaha lakSaNa bAdhitalakSyavRtti kaise ho sakatA hai ? 'gandhavajjalaM' yaha lakSaNa usake matase asaMbhavita hai kyoMki vaha bAdhitalakSyavRtti hai / jainiyoMne lakSaNake AtmabhUta aura anAtmabhUta do bheda svIkAra kiye haiN| naiyAyika ina bhedoko nahIM mAnatA, taba yadi vaha 'gandhavatI pRthvI' isa lakSaNako 'daNDI puruSaH' kI taraha anAtmabhUta svIkAra kara le to phira usake yahA~ isa lakSaNameM asaMbhava doSa kaise A sakatA hai ? itane para bhI yadi ekAdhAravRttittvarUpa sAmAnAdhikaraNyake abhAvase yahA~para asaMbhava doSa mAnA jAya to 'daNDI puruSaH' isa anAtmabhUtalakSaNameM vaha doSa kyoM nahIM hogA? yaha bAta vicArane yogya hai| dUdha aura jala tathA rUpa aura rasameM jaba ekAdhAravRttitva hai to vahA~ para lakSya-lakSaNa bhAvakI Apatti bilkula spaSTa hai / yadyapi sAmAnAdhikaraNyako vyApaka aura lakSyalakSaNabhAvako vyApya mAna lenese yaha Apatti nahIM rahatI, kintu vicAranA yaha hai ki aisA vyApyavyApakabhAva saMgata hai yA nahIM? anAtmabhUtalakSaNameM ekAdhAravRttitvarUpa sAmAnAdhikaraNyakA abhAva rahanepara bhI lakSya-lakSaNabhAva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, isaliye lakSya-lakSaNabhAva sAmAnAdhikaraNyakA vyApya nahIM ho sakatA hai| AtmabhUtIya lakSya-lakSaNabhAva ukta sAmAnAdhikaraNyakA vyApya hai anAtmabhatIya nahIM, isa tarahake bhedakA koI niyAmaka nahIM, jabaki donoM jagaha samAnarUpase lakSya-lakSaNabhAva pAyA jAtA hai| AtmabhUtIya lakSya-lakSaNabhAva bhI sAmAnAdhikaraNyakA vyApya siddha nahIM hotA hai, kAraNa ki jaisA ekAdhAravRttitvarUpa sAmAnAdhikAraNya rUpa aura rasa tathA dUdha aura jalameM pAyA jAtA hai vaisA agni aura uSNatAmeM nahIM pAyA jAtA, isa prakAra jaba agni aura uSNatAmeM sAmAnAdhikaraNyAbhAva hI siddha hotA hai to lakSya-lakSaNabhAva sAmAnAdhikaraNyakA vyApya kaise ho sakatA hai ? rUpa aura rasa tathA dudha aura jalameM sAmAnAdhikaraNya rahate hue bhI lakSya-lakSaNabhAva Apa svIkAra nahIM karate hai| isase sutarAM siddha hotA hai ki lakSya-lakSaNabhAvakA prayojaka ukta sAmAnAdhikaraNya nahIM, balki dUsarA hI koI kAraNa hai jisase padArthomeM lakSya-lakSaNabhAvakI kalpanA kI jAtI hai| isaliye AtmabhUtalakSaNa
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________________ 4 / darzana aura nyAya : 85 meM lakSya-lakSaNabhAvakA prayojaka lakSya aura lakSaNavastuoMkA ekAdhAravRttitvarUpa sAmAnAdhikaraNyako mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| AtmabhUtalakSaNa meM ukta sAmAnAdhikaraNyako lakSya-lakSaNabhAvakA prayojaka mAnane meM eka doSa yaha bhI hai ki jaba anAtmabha talakSaNameM bhI lakSyalakSaNabhAva rahatA hai to vahA~para bhI usakA prayojaka ukta sAmAnAdhikaraNya bhI rahanA cAhiye, anyathA anAtmabhUtalakSaNameM lakSya-lakSaNabhAvakA abhAva mAnanA pdd'egaa| . yadi kahA jAya ki ukta sAmAnAdhikaraNya lakSya-lakSaNabhAvakA prayojaka nahIM, kintu lakSaNa hI AtmabhUtatAkA prayojaka hai to prathama to lakSya-lakSaNabhAvameM isake mAnanekI koI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jAtI hai, dasare lakSaNakI AtmabhatatAkA bhI prayojaka ukta sAmAnAdhikaraNya nahIM hai, kAraNa agnikA lakSaNa uSNatA hai uSNatAkA AdhAra agni hai, yaha to ThIka hai kintu agniko svakA bhI AdhAra mAna karake sAmAnAdhikaraNyakI kalpanA yukti aura anubhavase viruddha jAna par3atI hai / tIsare, aisA sAmAnAdhikaraNya to anAtmabhUtalakSaNameM bhI raha sakatA hai kyoMki jisa puruSake hastameM jo daNDa rahatA hai vahI daNDa lakSaka hotA hai aura vaha bhI usI puruSa kA, vaha daNDa dUsare puruSakA lakSaka nahIM, tathA dUsarA daNDa usa puruSakA lakSaka nahIM, aisI hAlatameM usa daNDakA AdhAra vaha puruSa hai-jisa taraha ki uSNatAkA AdhAra agni hotA hai tathA usa puruSako svakA AdhAra mAna lenA cAhiye, jisa taraha ki agniko svakA AdhAra mAna liyA gayA hai, isa tarahase lakSaNake AtmabhUta aura anAtmabhUta do bheda asaMgata Thaharate haiN| isaliye ekAdhAravRttitvarUpa sAmAnAdhikaraNya lakSaNakI AtmabhUtatAkA bhI prayojaka siddha nahIM hotA hai| lakSaNake AtmabhUta aura anAtmabhuta bhedoMkA prayojaka apRthakpanA aura pRthakpanA hai| uSNatAko agnise kabhI bhI pRthaka nahIM kara sakate, jabaki daNDa aura puruSa donoM padArtha pRthak siddha haiN| jainiyoMne svarUpa-svarUpavAna tathA guNa-guNImeM tAdAtmyasambandha mAnA hai| tAdAtmyakA artha bheda aura abheda hai, svarUpasvarUpabadbhAva, guNagaNibhAva bhedakA niyAmaka hai, kAraNa svarUpa aura svarUpavAnameM tathA gaNa aura guNImeM bheda mAnanese hI svarUpasvarUpavadbhAva aura guNaguNibhAvakI kalpanA ho sakatI hai, abheda mAnanese agni svarUpavAna yA guNI hai aura uSNatA usakA svarUpa yA guNa hai aisA bhAna yA kathana nahIM ho sakatA haiN| abheda mAnate isaliye haiM ki uSNatA agnikA hI svarUpa hai anyakA nahIM / uSNatAko chor3akara agnikI svataMtra sattA nirdhArita nahIM kara sakate. yahI tAdAtmyasambandhakA abhiprAya hai| uSNatAkA AdhAra agni hai yA uSNatA agnikA lakSaNa hai, yaha kathana bhI bhedadRSTise ho ho sakatA hai, abhedakI apekSAse AdhArAdheyabhAva yA lakSyalakSaNabhAvako kalpanA kadApi saMbhava nhiiN| tAdAtmya rakhanevAlI vastuoMmeM bhinnAdhikaraNatA bhale hI Apa na mAne, lekina unameM ekAdhikaraNatA saMbhava nahIM, athavA ekAdhikaraNatA svarUpasvarUpavadbhAva, guNaguNibhAva; AdhArAdheyabhAva, lakSyalakSaNabhAva AdikI niyAmaka nahIM, yaha bAta spaSTa ho cukI hai| aba hamako thor3A nyAyadIpikAke zabdoMpara bhI dhyAna denA cAhiye / nyAyadIpikAkArane lakSyamivacana aura lakSaNadharmavacana meM sAmAnAdhikaraNyake abhAvakA prasaMga batalAyA hai, na ki lakSyavastu aura lakSaNavastumeM / isaliye vaha bhI sAmAnAdhikaraNya ekArthapratipAdakatvarUpa hI ho sakatA hai aura vaha AtmabhUta evaM anAtmabhUta donoM tarahake lakSaNavAkyoMke lakSyavacana aura lakSaNavacanameM samAnarUpase pAyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra 'samyajJAnaM pramANaM' yahAMpara samyagjJAnatva pramANakA lakSaNa hai, isaliye 'samyagjJAnaM yaha pada lakSaNavacana hai aura pramANa lakSya hai, isaliye 'pramANaM' yaha pada lakSyavacana hai / ye donoM vacana ekArthake pratipAdaka haiM kyoMki samyagjJAnavastuko chor3akara pramANa koI dUsarI vastu nhiiN| isI prakAra 'daNDI puruSaH' yahAMpara daDitva (daNDa)
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________________ 86 : sarasvatI-varadaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-pranya puruSakA lakSaNa hai isaliye 'daNDI' yaha pada lakSaNavacana hai aura puruSa lakSya hai isaliye 'puruSaH' yahA~para lakSyavacana hai / ye donoM vacana bhI ekArthake pratipAdaka hai kyoMki daNDIzabdase daNDaviziSTakA bodha hotA hai / daNDaviziSTa yahAMpara puruSapadArtha hai vahI puruSapadArtha puruSapadakA bhI artha hotA hai| isa taraha anAtmabhUtalakSaNameM bhI lakSyavacana aura lakSaNavacanakA ekArthapratipAdakatvarUpa samAnAdhikaraNya rahatA hI hai| jahAM yaha nahIM ho, vaha lakSaNa dUSita kahA jAtA hai| jaise 'viSANI puruSaH' yahAMpara 'viSANI' isa lakSaNavacanakA viSANaviziSTa artha hotA hai lekina puruSapadArtha viSANaviziSTa nahIM hotA, isaliye viSANI aura puruSaH' ina donoM vacanoMmeM ekArthapratipAdakatvakA abhAva honese yaha lakSaNa asaMbhavita kahA jAtA hai / jainamitra, 24 agasta 1933, aMka 43 varSa 24 Nandanwar.