Antkruddasha Sutra ka Samikshatmak Adhyayan

Author(s): Manmal Kudal
Publisher: Z_Jinavani_003218.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229817/1

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antakRdazAsUtra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana zrI mAnamala kudAla aMtagaudasA sUtra ke ATha vargoM ke 90 adhyayanoM meM mumukSuoM ke vairAgya, pravrajyA, adhyayana, sAdhanA evaM siddhi kA to varNana hai hI, kintu isame vAsudeva zrIkRSNa, bha. ariSTanemi, tIrthakara mahAvIra, gaNadhara gautama Adi ke jIvana saMbaMdhI ghaTanAe~ bhI upalabdha haiN| adhyavasAyI vidvAn zrI kudAla ne anagaDadasA sUtra ke nAmakaraNa, racanAkAla, bhASAzailI, viSayavastu evaM sUtra kI vizeSatAoM para acchA prakAza DAlA hai| -sampAdaka pratyeka dharma-paramparA meM dharma graMthoM kA AdaraNIya sthAna hotA hai| jaina paramparA meM Agama-sAhitya ko prAmANika evaM AdhArabhUta graMtha mAnA gayA hai| jaina Agama - sAhitya aMga, upAMga, cheda, mUla, prakIrNaka Adi vargoM meM vibhAjita hai| yaha vibhAgIkaraNa hameM sarvaprathama vidhimArgaprapA ( AcArya jinaprabha 13vIM zatAbdI) meM prApta hotA hai| anya AgamoM ke vargIkaraNa meM 'aMtakRddazAMga' kA ullekha aMga praviSTa AgamoM meM AThaveM sthAna para huA hai| Agama sAhitya meM sAdhusAdhviyoM ke adhyayana-viSayaka jitane ullekha prApta hote haiM, ve saba aMgoM aura pUrvo se saMbaMdhita haiM aura ve saba hameM 'antakRddazAMga' meM bhI prApta hote haiM, jaise (ka) sAmAyika Adi gyAraha aMgoM ko paDhane vAle 1. antagar3a, prathama varga meM bha. ariSTanemi ke ziSya gautama ke viSaya meM prApta hotA hai "sAmAiyamAiyAiM ekkArasaaMgAI ahijjai" 2. antagaDa, paMcama varga, prathama adhyayana meM bha. ariSTanemi kI ziSyA padmAvatI ke viSaya meM prApta hotA hai "sAmAiyamAiyAI ekkArasaaMgAI ahijjai" 3. antagaDa, aSTama varga, prathama adhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ziSyA kAlI ke viSaya meM prApta hotA hai "sAmAiyamAiyAI ekkArasaaMgAI ahijjai" 4. antagaDa, SaSTha varga, 15veM adhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ziSya atimukta kumAra ke viSaya meM prApta hotA hai 'sAmAiyamAiyAI ekkArasaaMgAI ahijjai" (kha) bAraha aMgoM ko par3hane vAle antagaDa, caturtha varga, prathama adhyayana meM bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke ziSya jAlikumAra ke viSaya meM prApta hotA hai "bArasaMgI " (ga) caudaha pUrvo ko paDhane vAle 1. antagaDa, tRtIya varga, navama adhyayana meM bhagavAna ariSTanemiM ke ziSya sumukhakumAra ke viSaya meM prApta hotA hai ----

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jinavANI- jainAgama - sAhitya vizeSAGka "codharApuvvAiM ahijjai" 2. antagaDa, tRtIya varga, prathama adhyayana meM bha. ariSTanemi ke ziSya aNIyasakumAra ke viSaya meM prApta hotA hai "sAmAiyamAiyAI coddasapuvvAiM ahijjai" nAmakaraNa 'aMtakRdazAsUtra meM janma-maraNa kI paramparA kA anta karane vAlI pavitra AtmAoM kA varNana hone se aura isake dasa adhyayana hone se isakA nAma "antakRtdazA" hai| isa sUtra ke nAmakaraNa ke bAre meM hameM vibhinna prakAra ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| "samavAyAMga" meM isa sUtra ke dasa adhyayana aura sAta varga batAye haiN| AcArya devavAcaka ne nandIsUtra meM ATha vargoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, dasa adhyayanoM kA nhiiN| AcArya abhayadeva ne samavAyAMga vRtti meM donoM hI uparyukta AgamoM ke kathana meM sAmaMjasya biThAne kA prayAsa karate hue likhA hai ki prathama varga meM dasa adhyayana haiM, isa dRSTi se samavAyAMga sUtra meM dasa adhyayana aura anya vargoM kI apekSA se sAta varga kahe haiN| nandIsUtrakAra ne adhyayanoM kA koI ullekha na kara kevala ATha varga batalAye haiN| yahA~ prazna yaha uThAyA jA sakatA hai ki prastuta sAmaMjasya kA nirvAha anta taka kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai? kyoMki samavAyAMga meM hI antakRddazA ke zikSAkAla dasa kahe gaye haiM jabaki nanTIsUtra meM unakI saMkhyA ATha batAI hai| AcArya abhayadeva ne svayaM yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki hameM uddezanakAloM ke antara kA abhiprAya jJAta nahIM haiN|' AcArya jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne nandIsUtra cUrNi meM aura AcArya haribhadra ne nandIvRtti meM likhA hai ki prathama varga ke dasa adhyayana hone se inakA nAma "antagaDadasAo" hai| nandIcUrNIkAra ne 'dazA' kA artha avasthA kiyA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki samavAyAMga meM dasa adhyayanoM kA nirdeza to hai, kintu una adhyayanoM ke nAmoM kA saMketa nahIM hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM adhyayanoM ke nAma isa prakAra batalAye haiM- nami, mAtaMga, somila, rAmagupta, sudarzana, jamAli, bhagAli, kiMkaSa, cilvakka, phAla aura aMbaDaputra / akalaMka ne rAjavArtika" aura zubhacandra ne aMgapaNNatta" meM kucha pAThabhedoM ke sAtha dasa nAma diye haiM- nami, mAtaMga, somila, rAmagupta, sudarzana, yamaloka, valIka, kaMbala, pAla aura aMbaSTaputra / isameM yaha bhI likhA hai ki prastuta Agama meM pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke samaya meM hone vAle dasa-dasa antakRta kevaliyoM kA varNana hai| isakA samarthana vIrasena aura jayasena jo jayadhavalAkAra haiM ne bhI kiyA hai|" nandIsUtra meM na to dasa adhyayanoM kA ullekha hai aura na unake nAmoM kA nirdeza hai| samavAyAMga aura tattvArtharAjavArtika meM jina adhyayanoM ke nAmoM kA nirdeza hai ve adhyayana

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... . . 2011 | antakRtadazAsUtra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vartamAna meM upalabdha antakadadazAMga meM nahIM haiN| nandIsUtra meM vahI varNana hai jo vartamAna meM aMtakRddazA meM upalabdha hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki vartamAna meM antakaddazA kA jo rUpa prApta hai vaha AcArya devavAcaka ke samaya ke pUrva kA hai| vartamAna meM antakRddazA meM ATha varga haiM aura prathama varga ke dasa adhyayana haiM kintu jo nAma, sthAnAMga, tattvArtharAjavArtika va aMgapaNNati meM Aye haiM, unase pRthaka haiN| jaise gautama, samudra, sAgara, gaMbhIra, stimita, acala, kAMpilya. akSobha, prasenajita aura vissnnu| AcArya abhayadeva ne sthAnAMga vRtti meM ise vAcanAntara kahA hai| isase yaha spaSTa parijJAta hotA hai ki vartamAna meM upalabdha antakRr3hazA samavAyAMga meM varNita vAcanA se alaga hai| kitane hI vidvAnoM ne yaha bhI kalpanA kI hai ki pahale isa Agama meM upAsakadazA kI taraha dasa hI adhyayana hoMge, jisa taraha upAsakadazA meM dasa zramaNopAsakoM kA varNana hai. isI taraha prastuta Agama meM bhI dasa arhatoM kI kathAe~ AI hoNgii|" uparyukta varNana se hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki antakRddazA meM una nabbe mahApuruSoM kA jIvanavRttAnta saMgRhIta hai, jinhoMne saMyama evaM tapa-sAdhanA dvArA sampUrNa karmoM para vijaya prApta karake jIvana ke antima kSaNoM meM mokSa-pada kI prApti kii| isa prakAra jIvana-maraNa ke cakra kA anta kara dene vAle mahApuruSoM ke jIvanavRtta ke varNana ko hI pradhAnatA dene ke kAraNa isa zAstra ke nAma kA prathama avayava "antakRt' hai| nAma kA dUsarA avayava 'dazA' zabda hai| dazA zabda ke do artha haiM-- 1. jIvana ko bhogAvasthA se yogAvasthA kI ora gamana 'dazA' kahalAtA hai. dUsare zabdoM meM zuddha avasthA kI ora nirantara pragati hI 'dazA hai| 2. jisa Agama meM dasa adhyayana hoM usa Agama ko bhI 'dazA' kahA gayA hai| prastuta sUtra meM pratyeka antakRt sAdhaka nirantara zuddhAvasthA kI ora gamana karatA hai, ata: isa grantha meM antakRt sAdhakoM kI dazA ke varNana ko hI pradhAnatA dene se "antakRddazA'' kahA gayA hai| antakRtadazA sUtra ke kartA evaM racanAkAla aMga AgamoM ke udgAtA svayaM tIrthakara aura sUtrabaddha racanA karane vAle gaNadhara haiN| aMgabAhya AgamoM ke mUla AdhAra tIrthakara aura unheM sUtra rUpa meM racane vAle haiM. caturdaza pUrvI, dazapUrvI aura pratyeka buddha aacaary| mUlAcAra meM AcArya baTTakera ne gaNadhara kathita, pratyeka buddha kathita aura abhinnadazapUrvI kathita sUtroM ko pramANabhUta mAnA hai|" isa prakAra aMgapraviSTa sAhitya ke udgAtA bhagavAna mahAvIra haiM aura inake racayitA gaNadhara sudhrmaasvaamii| aMgabAhya sAhitya meM kartRtva kI dRSTi se aneka Agama sthaviroM dvArA racita haiM aura aneka dvAdazAMgoM se uddhata haiN| vartamAna meM jo aMgasAhitya upalabdha hai vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna

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202 .... jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGaka gaNadhara sudharmA kI racanA hai isalie aMga-sAhitya kA racanAkAla I. pU. chaThI zatAbdI siddha hotA hai| aMgabAhya kI racanA eka vyakti kI nahIM, ata: una sabhI kA eka samaya nahIM ho sktaa| prajJApanA sUtra ke racayitA zyAmAcArya hai to dazavaikAlika sUtra ke racayitA AcArya zayyaMbhava haiN| nandIsUtra ke racayitA devavacAka haiM to dazA, kalpa aura vyavahAra sUtra ke kartA caturdazapUrvI bhdrbaahu| kucha vidvAn AgamoM kA racanAkAla vIra nirvANa ke pazcAt 980 athavA 993vA~ varSa jo devarddhigaNIkSamAzragaNa kA hai, mAnate haiM unakA yaha samaya mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM haiM, kyoMki devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne to AgamoM ko isa kAla meM lipibaddha kiyA thA, kintu Agama to prAcIna hI haiM pahale Agama sAhitya ko likhane kA niSedha thA, use kaNThastha rUpa meM rakhane kI paramparA thii| lagabhaga eka hajAravarSa taka vaha kaNThastha rahA jisase zrutavacanoM meM kucha parivartana honA svAbhAvika thA, parantu devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne ise pustakArUr3ha kara inakA hrAsa hone se bacA liyaa| isake bAda kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara zruta sAhitya meM parivartana nahIM huaa| kucha sthaloM para thor3A bahuta pATha prakSipta va parivartana huA hoM, kintu AgamoM kI prAmANikatA meM koI antara nahIM aayaa| antakadadazAMga kI bhASA zailI jisa prakAra veda chAndasa bhASA meM, bauddhapiTaka pAli bhASA meM nibaddha haiM, usI prakAra jaina AgamoM kI bhASA ardhamAgadhI prAkRta hai| samavAyAMga sUtra meM likhA hai ki bhagavAna arddhamAgadhI bhASA meM dharma kA vyAkhyAna karate haiM bhagavAna dvArA bhASita arddhamAgadhI Arya, anArya, dvipada, catuSpaTa, mRga, pazu. pakSI Adi sabhI kI bhASA meM pariNata ho jAtI hai- unake lie hitakara kalyANakara tathA sukhakara hotI hai| AcArAMgacUrNi meM bhI isI Azaya kA ullekha hai| dazavaikAlika vRtti meM bhI isI prakAra ke Azaya evaM bhAva vyakta kiye gaye haiM-- cAritra kI kAmanA karane vAle bAlaka, strI, vRddha, mUrkha anapar3ha sabhI logoM para anugraha karane ke lie tattvadraSTAoM ne siddhAnta kI racanA prAkRta meM kii| prastuta Agama kI bhASA arddhamAgadhI hai| 'antakRddazAsUtra' kI racanA kathAtmaka zailI meM kI gaI hai| isa zailI ko 'kathAnuyoga' kahA jAtA hai| isa zailI meM 'teNaM kAleNaM teNa samaeNaM' se kathA kA prArambha kiyA jAtA hai| AgamoM meM jJAtAdharmakathA. upAsakadazAMga, anuttaraupapAtika, vipAka sUtra aura antakRdazAMga sUtra isI zailI meM nibaddha kiyA gayA hai| isa Agama meM prAya: svarAntarUpa grahaNa karane kI zailI ko hI apanAyA gayA hai jaise-- parivasati, parivasai, rAyavaNNato. rAyavaNNao, ekabIsAte, egavIsAe aadi| isa Agama meM prAya: saMkSiptIkaraNa kI zailI ko apanAte hue zabdAnta meM binduyojanA dvArA, aMka

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| antakRtadazAsUtra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ...... . 203] yojanA dvArA avaziSTa pATha ko vyakta karane kI prAcIna zailI apanAI hai| isa sUtra meM aneka sthAnoM para tapa kA varNana prApta hotA hai, isake aSTama varga meM vizeSa rUpa se tapa ke svarUpa evaM paddhatiyoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, jinake anekavidha sthApanAyantra prApta hote haiN| viSayavastu antakRddazAMga sUtra meM una strI-puruSoM ke AkhyAna haiM, jinhoMne apane karmoM kA anta karake mokSa prApta kiyA hai| isameM 900 zloka(pramANa), 8 varga aura 9 adhyayana haiN| ye ATha varga kramaza: 10,8,13,10,10,16,13 aura 10 adhyayanoM meM vibhakta haiN| pratyeka adhyayana meM kisI na kisI vyakti kA nAma avazya AtA hai, kintu kathAnaka apUrNa hai| adhikAMza varNanoM ko anya sthAna se pUrNa kara lene kI sUcanA kara dI gaI hai| 'vaNNao' kI paramparA dvArA kathAnakoM ko anyatra se pUrA kara lene ko kahA gayA hai| prathama adhyayana meM gautama kA kathAnaka dvAravatI nagarI ke rAjA andhakavRSNi kI rAnI dhAriNI devI kI suptAvasthA taka varNana kara kaha diyA gayA hai aura batAyA gayA hai ki svapnadarzana, kumArajanma, usakA bAlakapana, vidyAgrahaNa, yauvana, pANigrahaNa, vivAha, prasAda evaM bhogoM kA varNana mahAbala kI kathA ke samAna citrita hai| Age vAle prAya: sabhI adhyayanoM meM nAyaka-nAyikA mAtra kA nAma nirdeza kara varNana anyatra se avagata kara lene kI sUcanA dI gaI hai| isa Agama ke AkhyAnoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prathama pA~ca vargoM ke kathAnakoM kA saMbaMdha ariSTanemi ke sAtha hai aura zeSa tIna varga ke kathAnakoM kA saMbaMdha bha. mahAvIra tathA zreNika ke sAtha hai| isa Agama meM mUlata: dasa adhyayana rahe hoMge, uttarakAla meM isako vikasita kara yaha rUpa huA hai|" prathama varga se lekara pA~caveM varga meM zrIkRSNa vAsudeva kA varNana AyA hai] madhukaramuni dvArA saMpAdita antakRddazA sUtra kI bhUmikA meM zrIkRSNa vAsudeva kI prAmANikatA ke bAre meM vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai unake anusAra zrIkRSNa vAsudeva jaina, bauddha aura vaidika paramparA meM atyadhika carcita rahe haiN| vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM vAsudeva, viSNu, nArAyaNa, govinda prabhRti unake aneka nAma pracalita haiN| zrIkRSNa, vasudeva ke putra the, isalie ve vAsudeva khlaaye| mahAbhArata zAntiparva meM kRSNa ko viSNu kA rUpa batAyA hai| gItA meM zrIkRSNa, viSNu ke avatAra haiN| mahAbhAratakAra ne unheM nArAyaNa mAnakara stuti kI hai| vahA~ unake divya aura bhavya mAnavIya svarUpa ke darzana hote haiN| zatapathabrAhmaNa meM unake nArAyaNa nAma kA ullekha haA hai| taitarIyAraNyaka meM unheM sarvaguNasampanna kahA hai| mahAbhArata ke nArAyaNIya upAkhyAna meM nArAyaNa ko sarvezvara kA rUpa diyA hai| mArkaNDeya ne yudhiSThira ko yaha batAyA hai ki janArdana ho svayaM nArAyaNa haiN| mahAbhArata meM aneka

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| 204 - .......... jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka sthaloM para unake nArAyaNa rUpa kA nirdeza hai| padApurANa, vAyupurANa, vAmanapurANa, karmapurANa, brahmavaivartapurANa. harivaMzapurANa aura zrImadabhAgavata meM vistAra se zrIkRSNa kA caritra varNita hai| chAndogya upaniSad meM kRSNa ko devakI kA putra kahA hai| ve ghora aMgirasa RSi ke nikaTa adhyayana karate hai| zrImadbhAgavata meM kRSA ko parabrahma batAyA hai| ve jJAna,zAnti. bala, ezvarya, vIrya aura neja ina chaha gaNoM meM viziSTa haiN| unake jIvana ke vividha rUpoM kA citraNa sAhitya meM huA hai| vaidika paramparA ke AcAryoM ne apanI dRSTi se zrIkRSNa ke caritra ko citrita kiyA hai| jayadeva vidyApati Adi ne kRSNa ke premI rUpa ko grahaNa kara kRSNabhakti kA prAdurbhAva kiyaa| sUradAsa Adi kaviyoM ne kRSNa ko bAla lIlA aura yauvana-lIlA kA vistAra se vizleSaNa kiyaa| rItikAla ke kaviyoM ke ArAdhya deva zrIkRSNa rahe aura unhoMne gItikAe~ va muktakoM ke rUpa meM paryApta sAhitya kA sRjana kiyaa| Adhunika yuga meM bhI vaidika paramparA ke vijJoM ne priya-pravAsa, kRSNAvatAra Adi aneka grantha likhe haiN| bauddha sAhitya ke ghaTajAtaka meM zrIkRSNa caritra kA varNana AyA hai| yadyapi ghaTanAkrama meM va nAmoM meM paryApta antara hai. tathApi kRSNa kathA kA hArda eka sadRza hai| jaina parAparA meM zrIkRSNa sarvaguNasampanna, zreSTha caritraniSTha, atyanta dayAlu, zaraNAgatavatsala, dhIra, vinayI, mAtRbhakta, mahAn vIra, dharmAtmA, kartavyaparAyaNa, buddhimAna, nItimAna aura tejasvI vyaktitva ke dhanI haiN| samavAyAMga meM unake tejasvI vyaktitva kA jo citraNa hai, vaha adbhuta hai. ve trikhaNDa ke adhipati ardhacakrI haiN| unake zarIra para eka sau ATha prazasta ciha the| ve naravRSabha aura devarAja indra ke sadRza the, mahAna yoddhA the| unhoMne apane jIvana meM tIna sau sATha yuddha kiye, kintu kisI bhI yuddha meM ve parAjita nahIM hue| unameM bIsa lAkha ATapadoM kI zakti thIM, kintu unhoMne apanI zakti kA kabhI durupayoga nahIM kiyaa| vaidika paramparA kI bhA~ti jaina paramparA ne vAsudeva zrIkRSNa ko Izvara kA aMza yA avatAra nahIM mAnA hai| ve zreSThatama zAsaka the| bhautika dRSTi se ve usa yuga ke sarvazreSTha adhinAyaka the, kintu nidAnakRta hone se ve AdhyAtmika dRSTi se caturtha guNasthAna se Age vikAsa na kara ske| ve tIrthakara ariSTanemi ke parama bhakta the| ariSTanemi se zrIkRSNA vaya kI dRSTi se jyeSta the to AdhyAtmika dRSTi se ariSTanemi jyATha the|" eka dharmavIra the to dUsare karmavIra the, eka nivRttipradhAna the to dUsare pravRttipradhAna the| aMta : jaba bhI ariSTanemi dvArikA meM padhArate taba zrIkRSNa unakI upAsanA ke lie pahuMcate the| antakadaza., samavAyAMga, jJAtAdhargakathA, sthAnAMga,

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| antakRtadazAsUtra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana .. 205 nigyAvalikA, praznavyAkaraNa, uttarAdhyayana prabhRti AgamoM meM unakA yazasvI va tejasvI vyaktitva ujAgara huA hai| Agamika vyAkhyA-sAhitya meM niyukti, cUrNi, bhASya aura TIkA graMthoM meM unake jIvana se saMbaMdhita aneka ghaTanAe~ haiN| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM ke mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne kRSNa ke jIvanta prasaMgoM ko lekara zatAdhika graMthoM kI racanAe~ kI haiN| bhASA kI dRSTi se ve racanAe~ prAkRta, apabhraMza. saMskRta. purAnI gajarAtI, rAjasthAnI va hindI bhASA meM haiN| prastuta Agama meM zrIkRSNa kA cahuMmukhI vyaktitva nihArA jA sakatA hai| ve tIna khaNDa ke adhipati hone para bhI mAtA-pitA ke paramabhakta haiN| mAtA Tevako kI abhilASApUrti ke lie ve hariNagameSI deva kI ArAdhanA karate haiN| bhAI ke prati bhI unakA atyanta sneha hai| bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke prati bhI atyanta niSThAvAna haiN| jahA~ eka ora ve raNakSetra meM asAdhAraNa vIratA kA paricaya dekara ripumardana karate haiM, vajra se bhI kaThora pratIta hote haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora eka vRddha vyakti ko dekhakara unakA hRdaya anukampA se dravita ho jAtA hai aura usake sahayoga ke lie svayaM bhI IMTa uThA lete haiN| dvArikA vinAza kI bAta sunakara ve sabhI ko yaha preraNA pradAna karane haiM ki bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke pAsa pravrajyA grahaNa kro| dIkSitoM ke parivAra ke pAlana-poSaNa Adi kI vyavasthA maiM kruuNgaa| svayaM ko mahArAniyA~, putra-putriyA~ aura pautra jo bhI pravrajyA ke lie taiyAra hote haiM unheM ve saharSa anumati dete haiN| AvazyakacUrNi meM varNana hai ki ve pUrNarUpa se guNAnurAgI the| kutte ke zarIra meM kulabulAte huye kIr3oM kI ora dRSTi na DAlakara usake camacamAne hue TAMtoM kI prazaMsA kI, jo unake guNAnurAga kA spaSTa pratIka hai| prastuta Agama ke pA~ca varga taka bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke pAsa pravajita hone vAle sAdhakoM kA ullekha hai| bhagavAna ariSTanemi bAIsaveM tIrthakara haiN| yadyapi Adhunika itihAsakAra unheM nizcita taura para aitihAsika puruSa nahIM mAnate haiM, kintu unakI aitihAsikatA asaMdigdha hai| jaba usa yuga meM hone vAle zrIkRSNa ko aitihAsika puruSa mAnA jAtA hai to unheM bhI aitihAsika puruSa mAnane meM saMkoca nahIM hona caahie| jaina paramparA meM hI nahIM, vaidika paramparA meM bhI ariSTanemi kA ullekha aneka sthaloM para huA hai| RAveda meM ariSTanemi zabda cAra bAra AyA hai|" "svasti nastAyo arissttnemiH|" yahA~ para ariSTanemi zabda bhagavAna agTinemi ke lie hI AyA hai| isake atirakta bhI Rgveda ke anya sthaloM para 'tArkSya ariSTanemi kA varNana hai| yajurveda aura sAmaveda meM bhI bhagavAna ariSTanemi ko tArya ariSTanemi likhA hai jo bhagavAna kA hI nAma honA caahie| unhoMne rAjA sagara ko mokSamArga kA jo upadeza diyA . baha jainadharma

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| 206 ....... jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka ke mokSa mantavyoM se atyadhika milatA-julatA hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha spaSTa hai ki sagara ke samaya meM vaidika loga mokSa meM vizvAsa nahIM karate the| ata: yaha upadeza kisI zramaNa saMskRti ke RSi kA hI honA caahie| yajurveda meM eka sthAna para ariSTanemi kA varNana isa prakAra hai- adhyAtma yajJa ko prakaTa karane vAle, saMsAra ke sabhI bhavya jIvoM ko yathArtha upadeza dene vAle, jinake upadeza se jIvoM kI AtmA balavAna hotI hai, una sarvajJa neminAtha ke lie Ahuti samarpita karatA huuN| DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana ne spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai ki yajurveda meM RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha aura ariSTanemi ina tIna tIrthakaroM kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| skandapurANa ke prabhAsa khaNDa meM eka varNana hai- apane janma ke pichale bhAga meM vAmana ne tapa kiyaa| usa tapa ke prabhAva se ziva ne vAmana ko darzana diye| ve ziva, zyAmavarNa, acela tathA padmAsana meM sthita the| vAmana ne unakA nAma neminAtha rkhaa| neminAtha isa ghorakalikAla meM saba pApoM kA nAza karane vAle haiN| unake darzana aura sparza se karor3oM yajJoM kA phala prApta hotA prabhAsapurANa meM bhI ariSTanemi kI stuti kI gaI hai| mahAbhArata anuzAsana parva meM "zUraH zaurirjinezvara" pada AyA hai| vidvAnoM ne "zUraH zaurirjinezvaraH'' mAnakara usakA artha ariSTanemi kiyA hai| laMkAvatAra ke tRtIya parivarta meM tathAgata buddha ke nAmoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai| unameM eka nAma "ariSTanemi' hai| saMbhava hai ahiMsA ke divya Aloka ko jagamagAne ke kAraNa ariSTanemi atyadhika lokapriya ho gaye the jisake kAraNa unakA nAma buddha kI nAma-sUcI meM bhI AyA hai| prasiddha itihAsakAra DaoN. rAya caudharI ne apanI kRti vaiSNava paramparA ke prAcIna itihAsa meM zrIkRSNa ko ariSTanegi kA cacerA bhAI batalAyA hai| karnala TaoNDa" ne ariSTanemi ke saMbaMdha meM likhA hai ki mujhe jJAta hotA hai ki prAcInakAla meM cAra medhAvI mahApuruSa hue haiM, usameM eka AdinAtha haiM, dUsare neminAtha haiM, neminAtha hI skrendrIneviyA nivAsiyoM ke prathama odina tathA cIniyoM ke prathama 'pho' devatA the| prasiddha koSakAra DaoN. nagendranAtha basu, purAtattvavettA DaoNkTara phuharara, pro. vAraneTa, misTara karavA. DaoN. haridatta, DaoN0 prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra prabhRti aneka vidvAnoM kA spaSTa mantavya hai ki bhagavAn ariSTanemi eka prabhAvazAlI puruSa the| unheM aitihAsika puruSa mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| chAndogyopaniSada meM bhagavAna ariSTanemi kA nAma "ghora aMgirasa RSi' AyA hai, jinhoMne zrI kRSNa ko AtmayajJa kI zikSA pradAna kI thii| dharmAnanda kauzAmbI kA mAnanA hai ki AMgirasa bhagavAn ariSTanemi kA hI nAma

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| antakRtadazAsUtra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 207 shraa| AMgirasa RSi ne zrIkRSNa se kaha- zrIkRSNa jaba mAnava kA anta samaya sannikaTa Aye usa samaya usako tIna bAtoM kA smaraNa karanA caahiye| 1. tvaM akSatamasi-tU avinazvara hai| 2. tvaM acyutamasi tU acyuta hai| 3. tvaM prANasaMzitamasi-tu prANiyoM kA jIvanadAtA hai| prastuta upadeza ko zravaNakara zrIkRSNa apipAsa ho gye| ve apane Apako dhanya anubhava karane lge| prastuta kathana kI tulanA antakadazA meM Aye hue bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke isa kathana se kara sakate haiM ki jaba bhagavAna ke mu~ha se dvArikA kA vinAza aura jarAkumAra ke hAtha se svayaM apanI mRtyu kI bAta sunakara zrIkRSNa kA mukhakamala murajhA jAtA hai, taba bhagavAna kahate haiM- he zrIkRSNa ! tuma cintA na kro| AgAmI bhava meM tuma amama nAmaka tIrthakara bnoge|" yaha sunakara zrIkRSNa saMtuSTa evaM khedarahita ho gye| prastuta Agama meM zrIkRSNa ke choTe bhAI gajasukumAra kA prasaMga atyanta preraNAspada evaM rocaka hai| ve bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke upadeza se itane prabhAvita hue ki saba kucha chor3akara zramaNa bana jAte haiM aura mahAkAla nAmaka zmazAna meM jAkara bhikSu mahApratimA ko svIkAra kara dhyAna meM lIna ho jAte haiN| idhara somila nAmaka brAhmaNa dekhatA hai ki merA hone vAlA jAmAtA zramaNa bana gayA hai to use atyanta krodha AtA hai aura socatA hai ki isane merI beTI ke jIvana se khilavAr3a kiyA hai, krodha se usakA viveka kSINa ho jAtA hai| usane gajasukumAra muni ke sira para miTTI kI pAla bAMdhakara dhadhakate aMgAra rakha diye| unake mastaka, camar3I, majjA, mAMsa Adi ke jalane se mahAbhayaMkara vedanA hotI hai phira bhI ve dhyAna se vicalita nahIM hote haiN| unake mana meM jarA bhI virodha evaM pratizodha kI bhAvanA paidA nahIM hii| yaha thI roSa para toSa kI vijy| dAnavatA para mAnavatA kI vijaya, jisake phalasvarUpa unhoMne kevala eka hI dina meM apanI cAritra paryAya ke dvArA mokSa ko prApta kiyaa| caturtha varga ke dasa adhyayanoM meM una dasa rAjakumAroM kA varNana haiM jinhoMne rAjya ke sampUrNa vaibhava va ThATa-bATa ko chor3akara bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke pAsa ugra tapazcaryA kara kevalajJAna ko prApta kara mokSa prApta kiyaa| isa varga meM nimna dasa rAjakumAroM kA varNana hainAma pitA mAtA 1. jAli kumAra ma. vasudeva rAnI dhAriNI 2. mayAli kumAra ma. vasudeva rAnI dhAriNI 3. uvayAli kumAra ma. vasudeva rAgI dhAriNI 4. puru Sasena kumAra ma. vasudeva rAnI dhAriNI 55 vAriSeNa kumAra ma. vAsudeva rAnI dhAriNI

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rAnI zilA 208 jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka 6. pradyumna kumAra zrIkRSNa vAsudeva rAnI rUkmiNI 7. zAmba kumAra zrIkRSNa vAsudeva rAnI jAmbavatI 8. aniruddha kumAra pradyumna kumAra rAnI daidarbhI 9. satyanemi kumAra ma. samudra vijaya rAnI zivA 10.dRDhanemi kumAra ma.samudra vijaya isa varga meM varNana AyA hai ki ina sabhI rAjakumAroM kA jIvana gautama kumAra kI taraha thaa| ina sabhI ne pacAsa-pacAsa kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha kiyA thaa| bAraha varSa taka aMgoM kA adhyayana kara solaha varSa taka saMyama kA pAlana kiyA aura anta meM zatrujaya parvata para mukta avasthA prApta kii| pA~caveM varga ke dasa adhyayanoM meM zrIkRSNa vAsudeva kI ATha rAniyoM tathA do putravadhuoM ke vairAgyamaya jIvana kA varNana hai| zrIkRSNa kI rAniyoM meM padmAvatI, gaurI, gAndhArI, lakSmaNA, susImA, jAmbavatI, satyabhAmA tathA rUkmiNI devI aura putravadhuoM meM mUlanI evaM mUladattA devI hai| rAjya vaibhava ko tyAgakara vairAgya mArga ko apanAne meM rAjarAniyA~ bhI kisI se kama nahIM haiN| yaha apUrva udAharaNa hai| isI varga meM bhagavAna ariSTanemi ne zrIkRSNa ko kahA thA ki ve Ane vAlI caubIsI meM jambUdvIpa ke antargata bhAratavarSa ke puNDradeza ke zatadvAra nAmaka nagara meM amama nAmaka bArahaveM tIrthakara bneNge| isa varga kA eka aura prasaMga mahattvapUrNa hai jisameM bhagavAna ariSTanemi dvArA dvArikA ke vinAza kA kAraNa batAyA gayA- surApAna ke kAraNa yaduvaMzI yuvaka dvaipAyana RSi kA apamAna kareMge aura dvaipAyana RSi agnikumAra deva banakara dvArikA nagarI kA vinAza kreNge| chaThe varga meM solaha adhyayana haiN| prathama aura dvitIya adhyayana meM maMkAI aura kiMkama gAthApati, tRtIya adhyayana meM arjunamAlI, caturtha adhyayana se caudahaveM adhyayana meM kAzyapa, kSemaka, dhRtidhara, kailAza, haricandana, vAradataka, sudarzana ,pUrNabhadra, sumanabhadra, supratiSThita aura meghakumAra muni, pandrahaveM adhyayana meM atimukta kumAra aura solahaveM adhyayana meM alakSa nareza kA varNana AyA hai| maMkAI tathA kiMkama ne solaha varSa taka guNaratna saMvatsara tapa kI ArAdhanA kara vipulagiri parvata para siddhAvasthA prApta kii| isake tRtIya adhyayana meM arjunamAlI aura usakI patnI bandhumatI kA mArmika varNana prApta hotA hai jo mudgarapANi nAmaka yakSa kI upAsanA karate the| lalita goSThI ke chaha sadasyoM dvArA bandhumatI ke caritra haraNa karane para arjunagAlI ko krodha AtA hai aura mudgarapANi yakSa ke sahayoga se una chahoM sadasyoM ko mAra detA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke rAjagRha nagara meM Agamana para sudarzana nAmaka zreSThI unake darzanArtha jAte haiN| sudarzana para bhI vaha krodhita hotA hai, parantu sudarzana apane jIvana ko samatA sAdhanA meM lagAkara arjunapAlI kA krodha zAMta kara detA hai aura ve donoM bhagavAna ke pAsa pahu~ca kara zramaNadIkSA

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antakRtadazAsUtra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 2091 aMgIkAra kara ugra tapazcaryA karate haiM jinake nAma se eka dina bar3e-bar3e vIroM ke pAMva tharrAte the aura hRdaya kAMpate the, jisane teraha dina meM 1141 vyaktiyoM ko hatyAe~ kI thIM, vahIM arjunamAlI zramaNadIkSA grahaNa kara logoM ke kaTuvacana tathA tiraskAra ko nirjarA kA heta samajhakara apanI indriyoM kA damana karatA hai| vaha nimitta ko doSI nahIM mAnate hue, apane karmoM kA doSa mAnate hue, samatva bhAvanA kA cintana karate hue, bhayaMkara upasargoM ko zAnta bhAva se sahana karatA huA ugra sAdhanA ke dvArA chaha mAha meM hI mukti prApta kara letA hai| isI varga ke pandrahaveM adhyayana meM bAlamuni atimuktaka kumAra kA mArmika varNana prApta hotA hai jo sAdhanA kI dRSTi se sabhI muniyoM ke lie preraNAsrota hai| isa prasaMga se yaha siddha hotA hai ki sAdhanA kI dRSTi se vaya kI pradhAnatA nahIM hai jo sAdhaka vaya kI dRSTi se bhale hI choTA ho, parantu yadi usameM sAdhanA kI yogyatA hai to vaha dIkSita ho sakatA hai| isa adhyayana meM AMtamuktaka aura gautama gaNadhara kA samAgama aura bhagavAna mahAvIra se carcAe~ mukhya haiN| atimuktaka kumAra kA unake mAtA-pitA ke sAtha saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA prasaMga mArmika hai mAtA-pitA ne atimuktaka kumAra ko isa prakAra kahA- 'he putra! tuma abhI bAlaka ho| asaMbuddha ho| tuma abhI dharma tatva ko kyA jAnate ho? taba atimuktaka kumAra ne kahA- he mAtA-pitA! maiM jisako jAnatA hU~, usako nahIM jAnatA hU~ aura jisako nahIM jAnatA hU~ usako jAnatA huuN| taba unhoMne kahA- he mAtA-pitA! maiM jAnatA hU~ ki jisane janma liyA hai usakI mRtyu nizcita hai, kintu maiM yaha nahIM jAnatA ki mRtyu kaba, kisa samaya athavA kahA~ arthAt kisa sthAna para kaisI avasthA meM aayegii| jIva kina karmoM se naraka Adi meM janma lete haiM yaha maiM nahI jAnatA, kintu yaha jAnatA hU~ ki karmabandha ke kAraNoM se nArakI Adi yoniyoM meM janma lete haiN| ata: maiM saMyama aMgIkAra karanA cAhatA huuN| bhagavatI sUtra meM ullekha hai ki zauca ke lie jAte samaya rAste meM pAnI ko dekhakara atimuktaka kumAra kA bAlakapana ubhara AyA aura eka pAtra usa pAnI meM chor3akara ve kahane lage"tira merI naiyA tir"| parantu anya sthaviroM ko unakA yaha kRtya zramaNamaryAdA ke viparIta lgaa| ata: unheM upAlambha diyaa| atimuktaka ko isa kRtya para atyanta pazcAttApa huaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sthaviroM ke mana kI bhAvanA ko jAnakara unheM kahA ki atimuktaka isI bhava meM mokSa prApta kreNge| inakI nindA aura garhaNA mata kro| yahA~ mukti ke lie pazcAttApa ke Adarza mArga ko atimukta muni ke prasaMga se darzAyA hai| saptama varga ke 13 adhyayana hai| ina teraha adhyayanoM meM rAjagRha nagara ke samrATa rAjA zreNika ko teraha rAniyoM ke bIsa varSa taka saMyama pAlana kara anta meM siddhatva prApti kA ullekha hai| ye teraha rAniyA~ haiM- naMdara, naMdavatI,

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216 jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSADaka naMdottarA, naMdazreNikA, marutA, samarutA, mahAmarutA, marudevA, bhadrA, subhadrA, sujAtA, sumanAyikA aura bhuutdttaa| aSTama varga ke 13 adhyayana haiN| inameM rAjA zreNika kI rAniyoM kI kaThora tapazcaryA kA varNana hai jo roMgaTe khar3e karane vAlA hai| ina mahArAniyoM ke chuTa-puTa jIvana-prasaMga anya AgamoM meM bhI vistAra se milate haiN| ye mahArAniyA~ apane jIvana ke anta meM saMlekhanApUrvaka Ayu pUrNa kara mukti prApta karatI haiN| isa varga ke prathama adhyayana meM kAlI devI ke "ratnAvalI tapa'' dUsare adhyayana meM sukAlI devI ke "kanakAvalI tapa'' tRtIya adhyayana meM mahAkAlI devI ke "laghusiMha niSkrIr3ita tapa'', caturtha adhyayana meM kRSNA devI ke "mahAsiMhaniSkrIDita tapa', paMcama adhyayana meM sukRSNA devI ke "saptasaptamikA bhikSupratimA tapa, SaSTha adhyayana meM mahAkRSNA devI ke "laghusarvatobhadra tapa", saptama adhyayana meM vIrakRSNA devI ke 'mahAsarvatobhadra tapa'', aSTama adhyayana meM rAmakRSNA devI ke "bhadrottarapratimA tapa", navama adhyayana meM pitRsena kRSNA devI ke "muktAvalI tapa" tathA dazama adhyayana meM mahAsenakRSNA devI ke "AyaMbila varddhamAna tapa'' kA varNana hai jo zramaNoM ke lie anukaraNIya hai| 1.ratnAvalI tapa eka paripATI--- tapazcaryA kAla-1 varSa 3mAsa 22 dina, tapa ke dina-1 varSa 24 dina, pAraNe ke dina-88 cAra paripATI- tapazcaryA kAla-5 varSa 2 mAsa 28 dina, tapa ke dina-4 varSa 3 mAsa 6 dina, pAraNe ke dina 352 2. kanakAvalI tapaeka paripATI- tapazcaryA kAla- 1 varSa 5mAsa 12 dina, tapa ke dina-1 varSa 2 mAha 14 dina, pAraNe ke dina 88 cAra paripATI- tapazcaryA kAla-5 varSa 9 mAsa 18 dina, tapa ke dina .. 4 varSa 9 mAsa 26 dina, pAraNe ke dina-352 3.khuDDAgasiMha nikIliyaM (laghusiMha niSkrIDita tapaM) eka paripATI-tapazcaryA kAla-6 mAsa 7 dina, tapa ke dina- 5 mAsa 4 dina, pAraNe ke dina- 33 cAra paripATI-tapazcaryA kAla- 2 varSa 28 dina, tapa ke dina-1 varSa 8 mAsa 16 dina, pAraNe ke dina- 132 4. mahAsiMha nikIliyaM eka paripATI-tapazcaryA kAla- 1 varSa 6mAsa 18 dina, tapa ke dina- 1 varSa 4 mAha 17 dina. pAraNe ke dina - 61 cAra paripATI-tapazcaryA kAla-6 varSa 2 mAsa 12 dina, tapa ke dina- 5 varSa 6 mAsa 8 dina, pAraNe ke dina 244 5. satasatamikA bhikkhupaDimA tapa

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antakRtadazAsUtra kA samIkSAla tapazcaryA kAla 49 dina, 196 dattiyA~ 6. aaTTThamiyA bhikkhupaDimA tapa tapazcaryA kAla- 64 dina, 288 dattiyA~ 7. navanavamiyAbhikkhupaDimA tapa tapazcaryAkAla - 81 divasa, 405 dattiyA~ 8. dasadasamiyAbhikkhupaDimA tapa tapazcaryAkAla- 100 divasa, 550 dattiyA~ 9. khuoyAsavvatobhadda paDimA tapa tapazcaryAkAla- 75 divasa, pAraNe - 29 10. mahAsarvatobhadra paDimA tapa tapazcaryAkAla - 196 divasa, 11. bhadrotara pratimA pAraNe- 49 tapazcaryAkAla 175 divasa, pAraNe - 29 12. muktAvalI eka paripATI- tapazcaryA kAla- 11 mAsa 25 dina, tapa ke dina- 285 dina, pAraNe ke dina- 60 cAra paripATI- tapazcaryA kAla- 3 varSa 10 mAsa, tapa ke dina- 3 varSa 2 mAsa 240 dina 13. AyaMbila vardhamAna tapazcaryAkAla- 14 varSa, 3 mAsa, 20 dina, cAra paripATI - 11 mAsa 15 dina, tapa ke dina- 3 varSa 10 mAsa / bIca meM koI pAraNA nahIM / viziSTa tapazcaryA varNana- prastuta graMtha kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM viziSTa tapazcaryA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai jisake mAdhyama se rAjJA zreNika kI rAniyoM ne mukti prApta kI / yahA~ ina tapazcaryAoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa darzAyA gayA hai / paryuSaNa meM antakRddazAMga sUtra kI vAcanA kyoM ? : digambara paramparA meM paryuSaNa kAla meM tattvArthasUtra ke vAcana kI paramparA hai| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki rAjA zreNika ke zAsanakAla meM campAnagarI ke pUrNabhadra udyAna meM sudharmA svAmI ne jambUsvAmI ko aMtagaDadazAsUtra kA adhyayana karAyA thaa| vaha kAla paryuSaNa kAla nahIM thA aura zAstroM meM bhI paryuSaNa kAla meM hI isakI vAcanA kA vidhAna prApta nahIM hotA, parantu paryuSaNa kAla meM hI isakI vAcanA kI paramparA vidyamAna hai| paryuSaNa ke avasara para kaba se isakI vAcanA kI paraMparA prAraMbha huI, yaha bhI eka zodha kA viSaya hai.. parantu aisA lagatA hai ki 15vIM zatI ke pazcAt arthAt lokAzAha ke pazcAt isake vAcana kI paraMparA prAraMbha huI hogii| cUMki eka ora isameM

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(212 jinavANI- jainAmama-sAhitya vizeSAGka mahArAjA zreNika tathA zrIkRSNa vAsudeva kI mahArAniyoM dvArA viziSTa tapazcaryAoM ke AcaraNa ke mAdhyama se guktAvasthA kA varNana hai to dUsarI ora gajasukumAra aura atimuktaka kumAra jaise zramaNoM kA tejasvI vyaktitva varNita hai aura tIsarI ora seTha sudarzana, arjunamAlI Adi ke AkhyAnoM kA mArmika varNana hai, jo sampUrNa jaina saMskRti ke lie anukaraNIya evaM Adarza hai| ata: paryuSaNa ke pAvana parva para sthAnakavAsI paramparA meM isa Agama ke vAcana kI paripATI vidyamAna hai| zvetAmbara-mUrtipUjaka samAja meM kalpasUtra ke vAcana kI paramparA hai| aMgasUtroM meM 'antakRddazA' AThavA~ aMga Agama hai| yaha ATha vargoM meM baMTA huA hai aura paryuSaNa ke dina bhI ATha hI hote haiN| isI dRSTikoNa ko sAmane rakhakara isake vAcana ko paripATI paryuSaNa ke dinoM meM huI hogii| vaise isakA vAcana kisI bhI dina kiyA jA sakatA hai| aMtakRdazAMga sUtra kI vRttiyA~ evaM anuvAda aMtakaddazAMga sUtra para saMskRta meM do vRttiyA~ prApta hotI haiM- AcArya abhayadeva aura AcArya ghAsIlAla jI ma.sA. kii| cha: hindI-anuvAda prApta hote haiN| tIna-cAra gujarAtI anuvAda bhI prakAzita hue haiN| isa taraha isa Agama ke karIba teraha saMskaraNa prApta hote haiN| eka aMgrejI anuvAda bhI prakAzita huA hai| sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika vaiziSTya antagaDadazAsUtra meM kAMkadI, guNazIla udyAna, campAnagarI, jambUdvIpa. dvArikA, dUtipalAza caitya, pUrNabhadra caitya, bhabilapura, bharatakSetra, rAjagRha, raivataka, vipulagiri parvata, sahasrAmravana udyAna, sAketa tathA zrAvastI ke paricaya ke sAtha hI isameM brAhmaNa, vaizya, zUdra aura kSatriya jAtiyoM kA paricaya bhI prApta hotA hai| brAhmaNa varNa ke vyakti vizeSa meM somazrI, somA aura somila brAhmaNa kA ullekha huA hai| vaizya varNa ke vyakti gAthApati meM kAzyapa, kiMkarmA, kailAzajI, dvaipAyanaRSi, dhRtidharajI, nAgagAthApati, pUrNabhadra, maMkAtigAthApati, meghakumAra vAstaka, sudarzana seTha (prathama evaM dvitIya), supratiSThita, sumanabhadra, sulasA, haricandana aura kssemkgaathaapti| zUdra varga meM arjunamAlI aura usakI patnI baMdhumatI tathA kSatriya varga meM rAjAoM kI dRSTi meM aMdhakavRSNi, alakSarAjA. zrIkRSNa vAsudeva, koNikarAjA, jitazatru, pradyumna, vijayarAjA, vAsudevarAjA, baladeva, samudravijaya tathA zreNika rAjA, rAniyoM meM kAlI, kRSNA, gAMdhArI, gaurI, cellaNA, jAmbavatI, devakI, dhAriNI, nandazreNikA, nandA, nandavatI, nandottarA, padmAvatI, pitRsenakRSNA, baladevapatnI bhadrA, marutadevI, marutAdevI, mahAkAlI, bhadrakRSNA, mahAmarutA, mahAsenakRSNA. mUladattA, mUlazrI, rAmakRSNA, rUkmiNI, lakSmaNA, vasudeva-patnI, vIrakRSNA, vaidarbhI.

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p PARAN ka MES.:.. PYAAR satyabhAmA, sukAlikA, sukRSNA, sujAtA, subhadrA, sumanatikA. sumarUtta, susImA aura shriidevii| rAjakumAroM meM acala, atimukta, anaMtasena, anAdRSTi, aniyasa, aniruddha, anihata, abhicandra, akSobhakumAra, uvayAli, kAMpilya, kUpaka, gajasukumAra, gaMbhIra, gautama, jAli, dRDhanemi, dAruka, durmukha, devayaza, dharaNa, pradyumna, prasenajIta, puruSaSeNa, pUrNakumAra, mayAli, vAriSeNa, vidu, viSNu, satyanemi, samudra, sAgara, sAraNa, stimitA, sumukha, zatrusena, zAMba aura hemavanta kumAra kA varNana milatA hai| aMtagaDadazAsUtra kI katipaya vizeSatAe~ 1. caritra evaM paurANika kAvyoM ke lie isameM bIjabhUta AkhyAna samAviSTa 2. rAjakIya parivAra ke strI-puruSoM ko saMyama dhAraNa karate hue dekhakara AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke lie preraNA prApta hotI hai| 3. kRSNa aura kRSNa kI ATha patniyoM kA AkhyAna-samyaktvakaumudI kI kathAoM kA srota hai| jambUsvAmI kI ATha patniyA~ evaM unako samyaktva prApti kI kathAe~ bhI inhIM bIjoM se aMkurita huI haiN| 4. kathAnakoM ke bIjabhAva kAvya aura kathAoM ke vikAsa meM upAdAna rUpa meM vyavahata hue haiN| eka prakAra se uttaravartI sAhitya ke vikAsa ke lie inheM 'jarminala AiDiyA' kahA jA sakatA hai| 5. dvArikA nagarI ke vidhvaMsa kA AkhyAna -jisakA vikAsa paravartI sAhitya meM khUba huA hai| 6. lalita goSThiyoM (mitra maNDaliyoM) ke aneka rUpa-arjunamAlI ke AkhyAna se prakaTa haiN| 7. prAcIna mAnyatAoM aura andhavizvAsoM kA pratipAdana yakSapUjA, manuSya ke zarIra meM yakSa kA praveza Adi ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai| 8. ahiMsaka ke samakSa hiMsAvRtti kA kAphUra honA aura ahiMsA vRtti meM pariNata honA-arjuna lauha mudgara se nagaravAsiyoM kA vidhvaMsa karatA hai, kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakSa jAkara vaha natamastaka ho jAtA hai aura pravrajyA grahaNa kara letA hai| 9. nagara, parvata -raivataka, Ayatana-surapriya, yakSAyatana Adi kA varNana kAvyagraMthoM ke lie upakaraNa bnaa| 10. devakI ke putra gajasukumAra ke dIkSita ho jAne para somila ne dhyAnastha dazA meM use jalA diyaa| atyanta vedanA hone para bhI vaha zAMta bhAva se kaSTa sahana karatA rahA, yaha AkhyAna sAhitya-nirmAtAoM ko itanA priya huA, jisase 'gajasukumAra' nAmaka svatantra kAvyagraMtha likhe gye| isa prakAra antagaDadazAMga aMga-AgamoM meM apanA viziSTa sthAna

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214 jinavANI- jainAgama sAhitya vizeSAGka rakhatA hai| isa zrutAMga ke AkhyAnoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| Adi ke pA~ca vargoM ke kathAnakoM kA saMbaMdha ariSTanemi ke sAtha hai aura zeSa tIna varga ke kathAnakoM kA saMbaMdha mahAvIra tathA zreNika ke sAtha hai| prastuta Agama meM vividha kathAoM ke mAdhyama se sarala evaM mArmika tarIke se vividha tapazcaryAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai aura yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra vyakti apanI Atma-sAdhanA ke dvArA jovana ke antima lakSya " mukti" ko prApta karatA hai| saMdarbha 1. vidhimArgaprapA- pRSTha 55 2. samavAyAMga prakIrNaka, samavAya, 86 3. nandIsUna 88 4. samavAyAMga vRti patra, 112 5. vahI. patra, 112 6. nandIsUtra cUrNisahita patra 68 7. vahI, patra 73 8. vahI patra, 68 9. sthAnAMga sUtra 10 / 113 10. tattvArtharAjavArtika 1/ 20, pR. 73 11. aMgapaNNatta, 51 12. kasAyapAhuDa, bhAga 1, pR. 130 13. "tato vAcanAntarAkSANImAnIti sambhAvAmaH / " sthAnAMgavRtti patra 483 14. antakRdRzA madhukara muni bhUmikA pR. 24 15. droNasUri, oghaniyukti, pR. 3 16. suttaM gaNazvarakathidaM, taheva patteyabuddhakathidaM ca / sukevaligA kathidaM abhiNNadepuvikAthadaM ca :- mUlAcAra 5/80 17. (ka) sUtrakRtAMga- zIlAMkAcArya vRtti patra 336 (kha) sthAnAMga sUtra, abhayadeva vRtti prAraMbha (ga) dazavaikAlikasUtra cUrNa, pR. 29 (gha) nizIthabhASya- 4004 18. (ka) valahipurAbhinayare, devaDDipamuheNa samaNasaMdhreNa / putthaI Agamuhiko navasaya asIAo vIrAo arthAt IsvI 453 matAntara se I.466 eka prAcIna gAthA / (kha ) kalpasUtra - devendramuni zAstrI, mahAvIra adhikAra / 19. bhagavaM ca NaM addhamAgahIe bhAsAe bhamnamAikkhaI sAvi ya NaM addhamAnahI bhAsA bhAsijjamANI tesiM savvesiM AriyamaNA-riyANaduppaya caupaya-miya-pasupakkhi - sarIsivANaM ApaNo hiya-siva suhayabhAsatrAeM pariNamaI : "-- samavAyAMga sUtra - 34,22,23 20. bAlastrIvRddhamUrkhANAM nRNA caaritrkaaNkssinnm| anugrahArtha tattvajJeH siddhAntaH prAkRtaH kRtaH / / - dazavaikAlika vRtti, pRSTha 223 21. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa - nemicandra zAstrI, pR.

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antakRtadazAsUtra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 215 ----- -- 22. mahAbhArata zAntiparva a. 48. 23. shriimdbhgvdgiitaa| 24. mahAbhArata-anuzAsana parva 145/18-20 25. zatapathabAhmaNa,13/3/4 26 denarIyAraNyaka, 10/11 25 mahAbhArata-vanaparva 16-47. udyoga parva 48.? 28. chAndogyopaniSad OM 3 khaNDa 17, 2 zloka 6, gItApresa gorkhpur| 22 zrImadabhAgavata-dazama skandha 8-48.3/13/24-25 37. bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura karmayogI zrIkRSNaH- eka anuzIlana, pRSTha 176 se 186 32. jAtakakathAe~ catartha khaNDa 454 meM paTajAtaka.-bhadanta Ananda kaushlyaayn| 32 samavAyAMga, 15/ 33. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 415 34. antakRdazA, varga 1 se 3 taka 35. (ka) Rgveda 1.14/95/6 (kha) Rgveda 1/24/180/10 (ga) Rgveda 3/4/52/17 (gha) karateTa10/12/178/1 36.Rgveda 1/14/89/2,1/1/16,1/12/158/1 37. yajurveda 25/18 38. samaveda 3/8 39. mahAbhArata zAnti parva- 2884 40. mahAbhArata zAnti parva- 288/5/6 41. vAjasaneyi :mAdhyandina zuklayajurveda, adhyAya 8. paMtra 25, sAtavalekara saMskaraNa (vikrama 1894) 42. Indian Philosophy saMskaraga(vikrama 1854) 43. skandhapurANa prabhAsa khaNDa 44. prabhAsa purANa 48450 45. mokSamArga prakAza, paNDita ttoddrml| 46. bauddha dharma darzana, AcArya narendradeva pR. 162 47. annalsa oNpha dI bhaNDArakara risarca insTITyUTa patrikA 23, pR. 122 // 48. bhAratIya saMskRti aura ahiMsA pR. 57 49. tadvaitat ghoraM aMgirasa: kRSAya devakIputrAya: - chAndogyopaniSaT .3, khaNDa 181 50. antadazAsuba varga 5, adhyayana 1 51 bhagavatI zataka 5, uddezaka 4 52. DaoN. rebhicanda zAstrI-prAkRTa sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR. 176 -o.TI.sI. skIma, udayapura