Anekantavada Syadvada aur Saptbhangi

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001691/1

Page #1
7 anekAntavAda, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI (siddhAnta aura vyavahAra) lekhaka DA0 sAgaramala jaina pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, karauMdI vArANasI- 5

Page #2
pArzvanAtha vidyApITha graMthamAlA - 52 anekAntavAda, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI (siddhAnta aura vyavahAra) lekhaka DA0 sAgaramala jaina pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, karauMdI vArANasI- 5

Page #3
pArzvanAtha vidyApITha graMthamAlA - 52 pustaka: anekAntavAda, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI (siddhAnta aura vyavahAra) prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI0TI0AI0 roDa, karauMdI, vArANasI- 5. dvitIya saMskaraNa- 1999 (c) pArzvanAtha vidyApITha mUlya - 30.00 mudraka - vardhamAna mudraNAlaya vArANasI - 10 Anekantavada, Syadvada Aura Saptabhangi (Siddhanta Aura Vyavahara) Publisher: Parswanatha Vidyapitha I.T. I. Road, Karaundi, Varanasi-5. Phone - 316521, 318046 Second Edition-1999 Parswanatha Vidyapitha Price Rs. 30.00 Type set at- Rajesh Computers, Varanasi. Printed at- Vardhaman Mudranalaya, Varanasi-10

Page #4
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra anekAnta eka vyAvahArika paddhati anekAntavAda eka dArzanika siddhAnta hone kI apekSA dArzanika mantavyoM, mAnyatAoM aura sthApanAoM ko unake samyak pariprekSya meM vyAkhyAyita karane kI paddhati (Method) vizeSa hai| isa prakAra anekAntavAda kA mUla prayojana satya ko usake vibhinna AyAmoM meM dekhane, samajhane aura samajhAne kA prayAsa karanA hai| ata: vaha satya ke khoja kI eka vyAvahArika paddhati hai, jo sattA (Reality) ko usake vividha AyAmoM meM dekhane kA prayatna karatI hai| dArzanika vidhiyAM do prakAra kI hotI haiM-1. tArkika yA bauddhika aura 2. aanubhvik| tArkika vidhi saiddhAntika hotI hai, vaha dArzanika sthApanAoM meM tArkika saMgati ko dekhatI hai| isake viparIta Anubhavika vidhi satya kI khoja tarka ke sthAna para mAnavIya anubhUtiyoM ke sahAre karatI hai| usake lie tArkika saMgati kI apekSA Anubhavika saMgati hI adhika mahattvapUrNa hotI hai| anekAntavAda kI vikAsa yAtrA isI Anubhavika paddhati ke sahAre calatI hai| usakA lakSya 'satya' kyA hai yaha batAne kI apekSA satya kaisA anubhUta hotA hai- yaha batAnA hai| anubhUtiyAM vaiyaktika hotI haiM aura isIlie anubhUtiyoM ke AdhAra para nirmita darzana bhI vividha hote haiN| anekAMta kA kArya una sabhI darzanoM kI sApekSika satyatA ko ujAgara karake unameM rahe hae virodhoM ko samApta karanA hai| isa prakAra anekAMta eka siddhAnta hone kI apekSA eka vyAvahArika paddhati hI adhika hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki anekAntavAda kI eka dArzanika siddhAnta ke rUpa meM sthApanA karane vAle AcArya siddhasena divAkara (I0 caturtha zatI) ko bhI anekAntavAda kI isa vyAvahArika mahattA ke Age natamastaka hokara kahanA par3A jeNa viNA logassa vi vavahAro savvahA Na NivvaDai / tassa bhuvaNekka guruNo Namo aNegaMtavAyassa / / sanmati-tarka-prakaraNa-3/70

Page #5
usa arthAt jisake binA loka vyavahAra kA nirvahana bhI sarvathA sambhava nahIM hai, saMsAra ke eka mAtra guru anekAntavAda ko namaskAra hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki anekAntavAda eka vyAvahArika darzana hai| isakI mahattA usakI vyAvahArika upayogitA para nirbhara hai| usakA janma dArzanika vivAdoM ke sarjana ke lie nahIM, apitu unake nirAkaraNa ke lie huA hai| dArzanika vivAdoM ke bIca samanvaya ke sUtra khojanA hI anekAntavAda kI vyAvahArika upAdeyatA kA pramANa hai| anekAntavAda kA yaha kArya trividha hai 1. pratyeka dArzanika avadhAraNA ke guNa-doSoM kI samIkSA karanA aura isa samIkSA meM yaha dekhane kA prayatna karanA ki usakI hamAre vyAvahArika jIvana meM kyA upayogitA hai| jaise bauddha darzana ke kSaNikavAda aura anAtmavAda kI samIkSA karate hue yaha dekhanA ki tRSNA ke uccheda ke lie kSaNikavAda aura anAtmavAda kI dArzanika avadhAraNAeM kitanI Avazyaka evaM upayogI haiN| 2. pratyeka dArzanika avadhAraNA kI sApekSika satyatA ko svIkAra karanA aura yaha nizcita karanA ki usameM jo satyAMza hai, vaha kisI apekSA vizeSa se hai| jaise yaha batAnA ki sattA kI nityatA kI avadhAraNA dravya kI apekSA se arthAt dravyArthika naya kI apekSA se satya hai aura sattA kI anityatA usakI paryAya kI apekSA se aucityapUrNa hai| isa prakAra vaha pratyeka darzana kI sApekSika satyatA ko svIkAra karatA hai aura vaha sApekSika satyatA kisa apekSA se hai, use bhI spaSTa karatA hai| 3. anekAntavAda kA tIsarA mahattvapUrNa upayogI kArya vibhinna ekAMtika mAnyatAoM ko samanvaya ke sUtra meM pirokara unake ekAnta rUpI doSa kA nirAkaraNa karate hue unake pArasparika vidveSa kA nirAkaraNa kara unameM sauhArda aura saumanasya sthApita kara denA hai| jisa prakAra eka vaidya kisI viSa vizeSa ke doSoM kI zuddhi karake use auSadhi banA detA hai usI prakAra anekAMtavAda bhI darzanoM athavA mAnyatAoM ke ekAntarUpI viSa kA nirAkaraNa karake unheM eka dUsare kA sahayogI banA detA hai / anekAMtavAda ke ukta tInoM hI kArya (Functions) usakI vyAvahArika upAdeyatA ko spaSTa kara dete haiN| darzana kA janma darzana kA janma mAnavIya jijJAsA se hotA hai / IsA pUrva chaThI zatI meM manuSya kI yaha jijJAsA paryApta rUpa se praur3ha ho cukI thI / aneka vicAraka vizva ke rahasyodghATana prayatnazIla the| ina jijJAsu cintakoM ke sAmane aneka samasyAe~ thIM, jaise- isa dRzyamAna vizva kI utpatti kaise huI, isakA mUla kAraNa kyA hai? vaha mUla kAraNa yA

Page #6
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra paramatattva jar3a hai yA cetana ? punaH yaha jagat sat se utpanna huA hai yA asat se ? yadi yaha saMsAra sat se utpanna huA to vaha sat yA mUla tattva eka hai yA aneka / yadi vaha eka hai to vaha puruSa (brahma) hai yA puruSetara (jar3atattva) hai, yadi puruSetara hai to vaha jala, vAyu, agni, AkAza Adi meM se kyA hai ? punaH yadi vaha aneka hai to ve aneka tattva kauna se haiM? punaH yadi yaha saMsAra sRSTa hai to vaha sraSTA kauna hai? usane jagat kI sRSTi kyoM kI aura kisase kI ? isake viparIta yadi yaha asRSTa hai to kyA anAdi hai ? punaH yadi yaha anAdi hai to isameM hone vAle utpAda, vyaya rUpI parivartanoM kI kyA vyAkhyA hai, aadi| isa prakAra ke aneka prazna mAnava mastiSka meM uTha rahe the| cintakoM ne apane cintana evaM anubhava ke bala para inake aneka prakAra se uttara diye / cintakoM yA dArzanikoM ke ina vividha uttara yA samAdhAnoM kA kAraNa doharA thA, eka ora vastutattva yA sattA kI bahuAyAmitA aura dUsarI ora mAnavIya buddhi, aindrika anubhUti evaM abhivyakti sAmarthya kI sImitatA / phalata: pratyeka cintaka yA dArzanika ne sattA ko alaga-alaga rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyaa| sAmAnyatayA isa anaikAntika dRSTi ko jaina darzana ke sAtha jor3A jAtA hai aura isa satya ko nakArA bhI nahIM jA sakatA hai, kyoMki anekAntavAda, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI ke vikAsa kA zreya jaina dArzanikoM ko hai| phira bhI isase yaha nahIM samajha lenA cAhie ki anekAnta dRSTi kevala jaina dArzanikoM kI ekamAtra bapautI hai / dArzanika mata vaibhinya aura unake samanvaya ke prayAsoM kI upasthiti ke saMketa to vaidika aura aupaniSadika sAhitya meM bhI milate haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI aise prayAsa hue haiN| anekAntavAda ke vikAsa kA itihAsa bhAratIya sAhitya meM veda prAcInatama hai| unameM bhI Rgveda sarvAdhika prAcIna hai usake nAsadIyasUkta (10:12:2) meM paramatattva ke sat yA yA asat hone ke sambandha meM na kevala jijJAsA prastuta kI gaI, apitu anta meM RSi ne kaha diyA ki usa parasattA ko na sat kahA jA sakatA hai aura na asat / isa prakAra sattA kI bahuAyAmitA aura usameM apekSA bheda se paraspara virodhI guNa dharmoM kI upasthiti kI svIkRti vedakAla meM bhI mAnya rahI hai aura RSiyoM ne usake vividha AyAmoM ko jAnane-samajhane aura abhivyakta karane kA prayAsa bhI kiyA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM Rgveda (1 : 164 : 46 ) meM hI paraspara virodhI mAnyatAoM meM nihita sApekSika satyatA ko svIkAra karate hue yaha bhI kahA gayA hai- ekaM sad viprAH bahudhA vadaMti arthAt sat eka hai vidvAn use aneka dRSTi se vyAkhyAyita karate haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki anaikAMtika dRSTi kA itihAsa ati prAcIna hai| na

Page #7
kevala vedoM meM apitu upaniSadoM meM bhI isa anaikAMtika dRSTi ullekha ke anekoM saMketa upalabdha haiN| upaniSadoM meM aneka sthaloM para paramasattA ke bahuAyAmI hone aura usameM paraspara virodhI kahe jAne vAle guNadharmoM kI upasthiti ke saMdarbha milate haiN| jaba hama upaniSadoM meM anaikAntikadRSTi ke sandarbhoM kI khoja karate haiM to unameM hameM nimna tIna prakAra ke dRSTikoNa upalabdha hote haiM (1) alaga-alaga sandarbhoM meM paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAoM kA prastutIkaraNa / (2) ekAntika vicAradhArAoM kA niSedha | (3) paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAoM ke samanvaya kA prayAsa / sRSTi kA mUlatattva sat hai yA asat isa samasyA ke sandarbha meM hameM upaniSadoM meM donoM hI prakAra kI vicAradhArAoM ke saMketa upalabdha hote haiN| taittirIya upaniSad (2.7) meM kahA gayA hai ki prArambha meM asat hI thA usI se sat utpanna huaa| isI vicAra dhArA kI puSTi chAndogyopaniSad (3/19/1) meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai / usameM bhI kahA gayA hai ki sarvaprathama asat hI thA usase sat huA aura sat se sRSTi huii| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki ina donoM meM asatvAdI vicAradhArA kA pratipAdana huA, kintu isI ke viparIta usI chAndogyopaniSad (6:2:1, 3) meM yaha bhI kahA gayA ki pahale akelA sat hI thA, dUsarA kucha nahIM thA, usI se yaha sRSTi huI hai| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad (1 : 4: 1-4) meM bhI isI tathya kI puSTi karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo kucha bhI sattA hai usakA AdhAra lokAtIta sat hI hai| prapaJcAtmaka jagat isI sat se utpanna hotA hai| isI taraha vizva kA mUlatattva jar3a hai yA cetana isa prazna ko lekara upaniSadoM meM donoM hI prakAra ke sandarbha upalabdha hote haiN| eka ora bRhadAraNyakopaniSad (2: 4 : 12) meM yAjJavalkya, maitreyI se kahate haiM ki cetanA inhIM bhUtoM meM se utpanna hokara unhIM meM lIna ho jAtI hai to dUsarI ora chAndogyopaniSad (6 : 2:1, 3) meM kahA gayA hai ki pahale akelA sat (citta tattva) hI thA dUsarA koI nahIM thA / usane socA ki maiM aneka ho jAUM aura isa prakAra sRSTi kI utpatti huI / isI tathya kI puSTi taittirIyopaniSad (2 : 6) se bhI hotI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki upaniSadoM meM paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAyeM prastuta kI gayI haiN| yadi ye sabhI vicAradhArAyeM satya haiM to isase aupaniSadika RSiyoM kI anekAnta dRSTi kA hI paricaya milatA hai / yadyapi ye sabhI saMketa ekAntavAda ko prastuta karate hai, kintu vibhinna ekAntavAdoM kI svIkRti meM hI anekAntavAda kA janma hotA hai, ataH hama itanA avazya kaha sakate haiM ki aupaniSadika cintanoM meM vibhinna ekAntavAdoM ko svIkAra karane kI anaikAntika dRSTi avazya thii| kyoMki upaniSadoM meM hameM aise aneka saMketa milate haiM jahA~ ekAntavAda kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad (3:8:8) meM RSi kahatA hai ki 'vaha sthUla bhI nahIM hai aura sUkSma bhI nahIM hai / vaha hrasva bhI nahIM

Page #8
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra hai aura dIrgha bhI nahIM hai| isa prakAra yahA~ hameM spaSTatayA ekAntavAda kA niSedha prApta hotA hai| ekAnta ke niSedha ke sAtha-sAtha sattA meM paraspara virodhI guNadharmoM kI upasthiti ke saMketa bhI hameM upaniSadoM meM mila jAte haiN| taittirIyopaniSad (2:6) meM kahA gayA hai ki vaha parama sattA mUrta-amUrta, vAcya-avAcya, vijJAna (cetana)-avijJAna (jar3a), satasat, rUpa hai| isI prakAra kaThopaniSad (1:20) meM usa parama sattA ko aNu kI apekSA bhI sUkSma va mahat kI apekSA bhI mahAna kahA gayA hai| yahA~ parama sattA meM sUkSmatA ora mahattA donoM hI paraspara virodhI dharma eka sAtha svIkAra karane kA artha anekAnta kI svIkRti ke atirikta kyA ho sakatA hai? puna: usI upaniSad (3:12) meM eka aura AtmA ko jJAna kA viSaya batAyA gayA hai vahIM dUsarI ora use jJAna kA aviSaya batAyA gayA hai / jaba isakI vyAkhyA kA prazna AyA to AcArya zaMkara ko bhI kahanA par3A ki yahA~ apekSA bheda se jo ajJeya hai use hI sUkSma jJAna kA viSaya batAyA gayA hai| yahI upaniSadakAroM kA anekAnta hai| isI prakAra zvetAzvataropaniSad (1.7) meM bhI usa parama sattA ko kSara evaM akSara, vyakta evaM avyakta aise paraspara virodhI dharmoM se yukta kahA gayA hai| yahA~ bhI sattA yA paramatattva kI bahuAyAmitA yA anaikAntikatA spaSTa hotI hai| mAtra yahI nahIM yahA~ paraspara viruddha dharmoM kI eka sAtha svIkRti isa tathya kA pramANa hai ki upaniSadakAroM kI zailI anekAntAtmaka rahI hai| yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki upaniSadoM kA darzana jaina darzana ke samAna hI sattA meM paraspara virodhI guNadharmoM ko svIkAra karatA pratIta hotA " hai| mAtra yahI nahIM upaniSadoM meM paraspara virodhI matavAdoM ke samanvaya ke sUtra bhI upalabdha hote haiM jo yaha siddha karate haiM ki upaniSadakAroM ne na kevala ekAnta kA niSedha kiyA, apitu sattA meM paraspara virodhI guNadharmoM ko svIkRti bhI pradAna kii| jaba aupaniSadika RSiyoM ko yaha lagA hogA ki paramatattva meM paraspara virodhI guNadharmoM kI eka hI sAtha svIkRti tArkika dRSTi se yuktisaMgata nahIM hogI to unhoMne usa paramatattva ko anirvacanIya yA avaktavya bhI mAna liyaa| taittarIya upaniSad (2) meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki vahA~ vANI kI paha~ca nahIM hai aura use mana ke dvArA bhI prApta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA (yato vAco nivartante aprApyamanasA sh)| isase aisA lagatA hai ki upaniSad kAla meM sattA ke sat, asat, ubhaya aura avaktavya/anirvacanIya-ye cAro pakSa svIkRta ho cuke the| kintu aupaniSadika RSiyoM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne una virodhoM ke samanvaya kA mArga bhI prazasta kiyaa| isakA sabase uttama pratinidhitva hameM IzAvasyopaniSad (4) meM milatA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki - "anejadekaM manaso javIyo nainaddevA ApnuvanpUrvamarSat' arthAt vaha gatirahita hai phira bhI mana se evaM devoM se teja gati karatA hai| "tadejati tannejati tadre tadvantike, arthAt vaha calatA hai aura nahIM bhI calatA hai, vaha

Page #9
dUra bhI hai, vaha pAsa bhI hai| isa prakAra upaniSadoM meM jahA~ virodhI pratIta hone vAle aMza haiM, vahIM unameM samanvaya ko mukharita karane vAle aMza bhI prApta hote haiN| pamarasattA ke ekatva anekatva, jar3atva-cetanatva Adi vividha AyAmoM meM se kisI eka ko svIkAra kara upaniSad kAla meM aneka dArzanika dRSTiyoM kA udaya haa| jaba ye dRSTiyAM apane-apane mantavyoM ko hI ekamAtra satya mAnate hue, dUsare kA niSedha karane lagI taba satya ke gaveSakoM ko eka aisI dRSTi kA vikAsa karanA par3A jo sabhI kI sApekSika satyatA ko svIkAra karate hue una virodhI vicAroM kA samanvaya kara ske| yaha vikasita dRSTi anekAnta dRSTi hai jo vastu meM pratIti ke stara para dikhAI dene vAle virodha ke antasa meM avirodha ko dekhatI hai aura saiddhAntika dvandvoM ke nirAkaraNa kA eka vyAvahArika evaM sArthaka samAdhAna prastuta karatI hai| isa prakAra anekAntavAda virodhoM ke zamana kA eka vyAvahArika darzana hai| vaha unheM samanvaya ke sUtra meM pirone kA saphala prayAsa karatA hai| IzAvAsya meM paga-paga para anekAnta jIvana dRSTi ke saMketa prApta hote haiM vaha apane prathama zloka meM hI "tyena tyaktena bhuJjIthA mA gRdhaH kasyasviddhanam" kahakara tyAga evaM bhoga- ina do virodhI tathyoM kA samanvaya karatA hai evaM ekAnta tyAga aura ekAnta bhoga donoM ko samyak jIvana dRSTi ke lie asvIkAra karatA hai| jIvana na to ekAnta tyAga para calatA hai aura na ekAnta bhoga para, balki jIvanayAtrA tyAga aura bhogarUpI donoM cakroM ke sahAre calatI hai| isa prakAra IzAvAsya sarvaprathama anekAnta kI vyAvahArika jIvanadRSTi ko prastuta karatA hai| isI prakAra karma aura akarma sambandhI ekAntika vicAradhArAoM meM samanvaya karate hue IzAvAsya (2) kahatA hai ki "kurvanneveha karmANi jijIviSecchatA samAH" arthAt manuSya niSkAma bhAva se karma karate hue sau varSa jiiye| nihitArtha yaha hai ki jo karma sAmAnyatayA sakAma yA saprayojana hote haiM ve bandhanakAraka hote haiM, kintu yadi karma niSkAma bhAva se binA kisI spRhA ke hoM to unase manuSya lipta nahIM hotA, arthAt ve bandhana kAraka nahIM hote| niSkAma karma kI yaha jIvanadRSTi vyAvahArika jIvana-dRSTi hai| bheda-abheda kA vyAvahArika dRSTi se samanvaya karate hue usI meM Age kahA gayA hai ki - yastu sarvANibhUtAnyAtmanyevAnupazyati / . sarvabhUteSucAtmAnaM tato na vijugupsate / / (IzA0 6) arthAt jo sabhI prANiyoM meM apanI AtmA ko aura apanI AtmA meM sabhI prANiyoM ko dekhatA hai vaha kisI se bhI ghRNA nahIM krtaa| yahAM jIvAtmAoM meM bheda evaM abheda donoM ko eka sAtha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ bhI RSi kI anekAntadRSTi hI parilakSita hotI hai jo samanvaya ke AdhAra para pArasparika ghRNA ko samApta karane kI bAta

Page #10
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra kahatI hai| eka anya sthala para vidyA (adhyAtma) aura avidyA (vijJAna) (IzA0 10) meM tathA sambhUti (kAryabrahma) evaM asambhUti (kAraNabrahma) (IzA0 12) athavA vaiyaktikatA aura sAmAjikatA meM bhI samanvaya karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| RSi kahatA hai ki jo avidyA kI upAsanA karatA hai vaha andhakAra meM praveza karatA hai aura jo vidyA kI upAsanA karatA hai vaha usase bhI gahana andhakAra meM praveza karatA hai (IzA0 9) aura vaha jo donoM ko jAnatA hai yA donoM kA samanvaya karatA hai vaha avidyA se mRtyu para vijaya prApta kara vidyA se amRta tattva ko prApta karatA hai (IzA0 11) / yahA~ vidyA aura avidyA arthAt adhyAtma aura vijJAna kI paraspara samanvita sAdhanA anekAnta dRSTi ke vyAvahArika pakSa ko prastuta karatI hai| uparokta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki sattA kI bahuAyAmitA aura samanvayavAdI vyAvahArika jIvana dRSTi kA astitva buddha aura mahAvIra se pUrva bhI thA, jise anekAnta darzana kA AdhAra mAnA jA sakatA hai| anekAntavAda kA mala prayojana satya ko usake vibhinna AyAmoM meM dekhane, samajhane aura samajhAne kA prayatna hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mAnavIya prajJA ke vikAsa ke prathama caraNa se hI aise prayAsa parilakSita hone lagate haiN| bhAratIya manISA ke prArambhika kAla meM hameM isa dizA meM do prakAra ke prayatna dRSTigata hote haiM- (ka) bahuAyAmI sattA ke kisI pakSa vizeSa kI svIkRti ke AdhAra para apanI dArzanika mAnyatA kA prastutIkaraNa tathA (kha) una ekapakSIya (ekAntika) avadhAraNAoM ke samanvaya kA pryaas| samanvayasUtra kAsajana hI anekAntavAda kI vyAvahArika upAdeyatA ko spaSTa karatA hai| vastuta: anekAntavAda kA kArya trividha hai- prathama, to yaha vibhinna ekAntika avadhAraNAoM ke guNa-doSoM kI tArkika samIkSA karatA hai, dUsare vaha usa samIkSA meM yaha dekhatA hai ki isa avadhAraNA meM jo satyAMza hai vaha kisa apekSA se hai, tIsare, vaha una sopakSika satyAMzoM ke AdhAra para, una ekAntavAdoM ko samanvita karatA hai| ___ isa prakAra anekAntavAda mAtra tArkika paddhati na hokara eka vyAvahArika dArzanika paddhati hai| yaha eka siddhAnta mAtra na hokara, satya ko dekhane aura samajhane kI paddhati (imethod or system) vizeSa hai, aura yahI usakI vyAvahArika upAdeyatA hai| anekAMta kyoM? jaina darzana kI viziSTatA usakI anekAnta dRSTi meM hai| usakI tattvamImAMsIya evaM jJAnamImAMsIya dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kI saMracanA meM isa anaikAntikaM dRSTi kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| apanI anekAnta dRSTi ke kAraNa hI jaina darzana ne bhAratIya darzana ke vibhinna sampradAyoM kI paraspara virodhI dArzanika avadhAraNAoM ke madhya samanvaya sthApita karake

Page #11
viii unheM eka vyApaka pariprekSya meM paribhASita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| jaina dArzanikoM kI yaha dRr3ha mAnyatA hai ki anaikAntika dRSTi ke dvArA paraspara virodhI dArzanika avadhAraNAoM ke madhya rahe hue virodha kA parihAra karake unameM samanvaya sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai| usakI isa anaikAntika samanvayazIla dRSTi kA paricaya hameM usakI vastutattva sambandhI vivecanAoM meM bhI parilakSita hotA hai| vastutattva kI anantadharmAtmakatA jainadarzana meM vastu ko anantadharmAtmaka evaM anaikAntika kahA gayA hai| vastu kI yaha tAttvika anantadharmAtmakatA arthAt anaikAntikatA hI jainadarzana ke anekAnta siddhAnta kA AdhAra hai| vastutattva anantadharmAtmaka hai, ataH use anaikAntika zailI meM hI paribhASita kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha kahanA atyanta kaThina hai ki vastutattva kI ananta dharmAtmakatA aura anaikAntikatA meM kauna prathama hai ? vastutattva kI anantadharmAtmakatA meM usakI anaikAntikatA aura usakI anaikAntikatA meM usakI anantadharmAtmakatA sannihita hai| yaha eka anubhUta satya hai ki vastu meM na kevala vibhinna guNadharmoM kI pratIti hotI hai, apitu usameM aneka virodhI dharmayugala bhI pAye jAte haiN| eka hI Amraphala kabhI khaTTA, kabhI mIThA aura kabhI khaTTA-mIThA hotA hai| eka pattI jo prArambhika avasthA meM lAla pratIta hotI hai vahI kAlAntara meM harI aura phira sUkhakara pIlI ho jAtI hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki vastutattva apane meM vividhatA liye hue hai| usake vividha guNadharmoM meM samayasamaya para kucha prakaTa aura kucha gauNa bane rahate haiM, yahI vastu kI ananta dharmAtmakatA hai aura vastu meM paraspara virodhI dharma yugaloM kA pAyA jAnA usakI anaikAntikatA hai| dravya aura paryAya kI apekSA se vicAra kareM to jo sat hai vahI asat bhI hai, jo eka hai vahI aneka bhI hai, jo nitya hai vahI anitya bhI hai| isase siddha hai ki vastu na kevala ananta dharmoM kA puMja hai balki usameM eka hI samaya meM paraspara virodhI guNadharma bhI pAye jAte haiN| punaH vastu ke svasvarUpa kA nirdhAraNa kevala bhAvAtmaka guNoM ke AdhAra para nahIM hotA balki usake abhAvAtmaka guNoM kA bhI nizcaya karanA hotA hai| gAya ko gAya hone ke lie usameM gotva kI upasthiti ke sAtha-sAtha mahiSatva, azvatva Adi kA abhAva honA bhI Avazyaka hai| gAya gAya hai, yaha nizcaya tabhI hogA jaba hama yaha nizcaya kara leM ki usameM gAya ke viziSTa guNadharma pAye jAte haiM aura bakarI ke viziSTa lakSaNa nahIM pAye jAte haiN| isalie pratyeka vastu meM jahA~ anekAneka bhAvAtmaka dharma hote haiM vahIM usameM anantAnanta abhAvAtmaka dharma bhI hote haiN| anekAneka dharmoM kA sadbhAva aura usase kaI gunA adhika dharmoM kA abhAva milakara hI usa vastu kA svalakSaNa banAte haiN| bhAva aura abhAva milakara hI vastu ke svarUpa ko nizcita karate haiN| vastu isa isa prakAra kI hai aura isa - isa prakAra

Page #12
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra kI nahIM hai, isI se vastu kA svarUpa nizcita hotA hai| vastutattva kI anaikAMtikatA vastu yA sat kI paribhASA ko lekara vibhinna darzanoM meM matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| jahA~ aupaniSadika aura zAMkara vedAnta darzana 'sata' ko kevala kaTastha nitya mAnatA hai, vahA~ bauddha darzana vastu ko niranvaya, kSaNika aura utpAda-vyayadharmA mAnatA hai| sAMkhya darzana kA dRSTikoNa tIsarA hai| vaha jahAM cetana sattA puruSa ko kUTastha nitya mAnatA hai, vahIM jar3a tattva prakRti ko pariNAmI nitya mAnatA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana jahA~ paramANu, AtmA Adi dravyoM ko kUTastha nitya mAnatA hai vahIM ghaTa-paTa Adi padArthoM ko mAtra utpAdavyayadharmA mAnatA hai| isa prakAra vastutattva kI paribhASA ke sandarbha meM vibhinna darzana alagaalaga dRSTikoNa apanAte haiN| jainadarzana ina samasta ekAntika avadhAraNAoM ko samanvita karatA huA sat yA vastutattva ko apanI anaikAntika zailI meM paribhASita karatA hai| jainadarzana meM Agama yuga se hI vastutattva ko anaikAntika zailI meM paribhASita kiyA jAtA rahA hai| jainadarzana meM tIrthaMkaroM ko tripadI kA pravaktA kahA gayA hai| ve vastutattva ko "uppannei vA, vigamei vA, dhuvei vA'' ina tIna padoM ke dvArA paribhASita karate haiN| unake dvArA vastutattva ko anekadharmA aura anaikAMtika rUpa meM hI paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| utpatti, vinAza, dhrauvyatA Adi ina virodhI guNadharmoM meM aisA nahIM hai ki utpanna koI dUsarA hotA hai, vinaSTa koI dUsarA hotA hai| vastuta: jainoM ke anusAra jo utpanna hotA hai vahI vinaSTa hotA hai aura jo vinaSTa hotA hai, vahI utpanna hotA hai aura yahI usakI dhrauvyatA hai| ve mAnate haiM ki jo sattA eka paryAyarUpa meM vinaSTa ho rahI hai vahI dUsarI paryAya ke rUpa meM utpanna bhI ho rahI hai aura paryAyoM ke utpatti aura vinAza ke isa krama meM bhI usake svalakSaNoM kA astitva banA rahatA hai| umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra (5.29) meM "utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmakaM sat' kahakara vastu ke isI anaikAntika svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA hai| prAya: yaha kahA jAtA hai ki utpatti aura vinAza ko sambandha paryAyoM se hai| dravya to nitya hI hai, paryAya parivartita hotI hai, kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki dravya, guNa aura paryAya vivikta sattAeM nahIM haiM, apitu eka hI sattA kI abhivyaktiyA~ haiN| na to guNa aura paryAya se pRthak dravya hotA hai aura na dravya se pRthak guNa aura paryAya hii| isIlie tattvArthasUtra (5.37)' meM 'guNaparyAyavat dravyam' kahakara dravya ko paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| dravya kI pariNAma janana zakti ko hI guNa kahA jAtA hai aura guNajanya pariNAma vizeSa paryAya hai| yadyapi guNa aura paryAya meM kArya-kAraNa bhAva hai, kintu yahA~ yaha kArya-kAraNa bhAva paraspara bhinna sattAoM meM na hokara eka hI sattA meM hai| kArya aura

Page #13
X kAraNa paraspara bhinna na hokara bhinnAbhinna hI haiN| dravya usakI aMzabhUta zaktiyoM ke utpanna aura vinaSTa na hone para nitya arthAt dhruva hai parantu pratyeka paryAya utpanna aura vinaSTa hotI hai isalie vaha sAdi aura sAnta bhI hai| kyoMki dravya kA hI paryAya rUpa meM pariNamana hotA hai isalie dravya ko dhruva mAnate hue bhI apanI pariNamanazIlatA guNa ke kAraNa utpAdavyaya yukta bhI kahA gayA hai| cU~ki paryAya aura guNa dravya se pRthak nahIM haiM aura dravya, guNa aura paryAyoM se pRthak nahIM hai, ataH yaha mAnanA hogA ki jo nitya hai vahI parivartanazIla bhI hai arthAt anitya bhI hai| yahI vastu yA sattA kI anaikAntikatA hai aura isI ke AdhAra para loka vyavahAra calatA hai| yadyapi yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki utpAda-vyayAtmakatA aura dhrauvyatA athavA nityatA aura anityatA paraspara viruddha dharma hone se eka hI sAtha eka vastu meM nahIM ho skte| yaha kathana ki jo nitya hai vahI anitya bhI hai, jo parivartanazIla hai vahI aparivartanazIla bhI hai, tArkika dRSTi se virodhAbhAsapUrNa pratIta hotA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddhoM aura vedAntiyoM ne isa anekAnta dRSTi ko anargala pralApa kahA hai| kintu anubhava ke stara para inameM koI virodha pratIta nahIM hotA hai| eka hI vyakti bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA aura vRddhAvasthA ko prApta hotA hai| ina vibhinna avasthAoM ke phalasvarUpa usake zarIra, jJAna, buddhi, bala Adi meM spaSTa rUpa se parivartana parilakSita hote haiM, phira bhI use vahI vyakti mAnA jAtA hai| jo bAlaka thA vahI yuvA huA aura vahI vRddha hogaa| ata: jainoM ne vastu ko utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvyAtmaka kahakara jo isakA anaikAntika svarUpa nizcita kiyA hai vaha bhale tArkika dRSTi se AtmavirodhI pratIta hotA ho kintu Anubhavika stara para usameM koI virodha nahIM hai| jisa prakAra vyakti badalakara bhI nahIM badalatA usI prakAra vastu bhI parivartanoM ke bIca vahI banI rahatI hai| jainoM ke anusAra nityatA aura parivartanazIlatA meM koI Atmavirodha nahIM hai| vastu ke apane svalakSaNa sthira rahate hue bhI nimitta ke anusAra parivartana ko prApta karate haiN| astitva yA sattA kI dRSTi se dravya nitya hai kintu paryAyoM kI apekSA se usameM anityatA parilakSita hotI hai| yadi vastu ko sarvathA kSaNika mAnA jAyegA to usameM yaha anubhava kabhI nahIM hogA ki yaha vahI hai| yaha vahI hai aisA pratyabhijJAna to tabhI sambhava ho sakatA hai jaba vastu meM dhrauvyatA ko svIkAra kiyA jaay| jisa prakAra vastu kI paryAyoM meM hone vAlA parivartana anubhUta satya hai, usI prakAra 'vaha vahI hai' isa rUpa meM honevAlA pratyabhijJAna anubhUta satya hai| eka vyakti bAlabhAva kA tyAga karake yuvAvasthA ko prApta karatA hai - isa ghaTanA meM bAlabhAva kA kramika vinAza aura yuvAvasthA kI kramika utpati ho rahI hai, kintu yaha bhI satya hai ki 'vaha' jo bAlaka thA 'vahI' yuvA huA hai aura yaha 'vahI' honA hI dhrauvyatva hai / isa prakAra vastutattva ko anaikAntika mAnane kA artha hai - vaha

Page #14
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra na kevala ananta guNadharmoM kA puJja hai, apit usameM paraspara virodhI kahe jAne vAle guNadharma bhI apekSA vizeSa se eka sAtha upasthita rahate haiN| astitva nAstitva pUrvaka hai aura nAstitva astitva pUrvaka hai| ekatA meM anekatA aura anekatA meM ekatA anusyUta hai, jo dravya dRSTi se nitya hai, vahI paryAyadRSTi se anitya bhI hai, utpatti ke binA vinAza aura vinAza ke binA utpatti saMbhava nahIM hai| puna: utpatti aura vinAza ke lie dhrauvyatva bhI apekSita hai anyathA utpatti aura vinAza kisakA hogA? kyoMki vizva meM vinAza ke abhAva meM utpatti jaisI bhI koI sthiti nahIM hai| yadyapi dhrauvyatva aura utpatti-vinAza ke dharma paraspara virodhI haiM, kintu donoM ko sahavartI mAne binA vizva kI vyAkhyA asambhava hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane yuga meM pracalita zAzvatavAdI aura ucchedavAdI Adi paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAoM ke madhya meM samanvaya kiyaa| udAharaNArtha bhagavatIsUtra meM svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra se gautama ne yaha pUchA ki he bhagavan ! jIvana nitya yA anitya hai? to unhoMne kahA- he gautama! jIva apekSAbheda se nitya bhI aura anitya bhI / bhagavan ! yaha kaise ? he gautama ! dravya dRSTi se jIva nitya hai paryAya dRSTi se anity| isI prakAra eka anya prazna ke uttara meM unhoMne somila ko kahA thA ki - he somila ! dravya-dRSTi se maiM eka hU~, kintu parivartanazIla cetanAoM (paryAyoM) kI apekSA se maiM aneka bhI hU~ (bhagavatI sUtra 7.3.273) / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki jinheM hama virodhI dharma yugala mAna lete haiM, unameM sarvathA yA nirapekSa rUpa se virodha nahIM hai| apekSA bheda se unakA eka hI vastutattva meM eka hI samaya meM honA sambhava hai| bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se eka hI vyakti choTA yA bar3A kahA jA sakatA hai athavA eka hI vastu ThaNDI yA garama kahI jA sakatI hai| jo saMkhiyA janasAdharaNa kI dRSTi meM viSa (prANApahArI) hai, vahI eka vaidya kI dRSTi meM auSadhi (jIvanasaMjIvanI) bhI hai| ata: yaha eka anubhavajanya satya hai ki vastu meM aneka virodhI dharmayugaloM kI upasthiti dekhI jAtI hai| yahA~ hameM yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhie ki vastu meM aneka virodhI dharma yugaloM ko upasthiti to hotI hai, kintu sabhI virodhI dharma yugaloM kI upasthiti nahIM hotI hai| isa sambandha meM dhavalA kA nimna kathana draSTavya hai- "yadi (vastu meM) sampUrNa dharmoM kA eka sAtha rahanA mAna liyA jAye to paraspara viruddha caitanya, acaitanya, bhavyatva aura abhavyatva Adi dharmoM kA eka sAtha AtmA meM rahane kA prasaMga A jaayegaa| ata: yaha mAnanA adhika tarkasaMgata hai ki vastu meM kevala ve hI virodhI dharma- yugala yugapat rUpa meM raha sakate haiM, jinakA usa vastu meM atyantAbhAva nahIM hai| kintu isa bAta se vastutattva kA anantadharmAtmaka svarUpa khaNDita nahIM hotA hai aura vastutattva meM nityatA- anityatA, ekatva-anekatva, astitva-nAstitva, bhedatva-abhedatva Adi aneka virodhI dharma yugaloM kI yugapat upasthita mAnI jA sakatI hai| AcArya amRtacandra

Page #15
xii "samayasAra' kI TIkA meM likhate haiM ki apekSA bheda se jo hai, vahIM nahIM bhI hai, jo sata hai vaha asat bhI hai, jo eka hai vaha aneka bhI hai, jo nitya hai vahI anitya bhI hai-yadeva tat tadeva atat (samayasAra ttiikaa)| vastu ekAntika na hokara anaikAntika hai| AcArya hemacandra anyayoga-vyavacchedikA (5) meM likhate haiM ki vizva kI samasta vastueM syAdvAda kI mudrA se yukta haiM, koI bhI usakA ullaMghana nahIM kara sktaa| yadyapi vastuttva kA yaha anantadharmAtmaka evaM anaikAntika svarUpa hameM asamaMjasa meM avazya DAla detA hai, kintu yadi vastu svabhAva aisA hI hai, to hama kyA kareM? bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti ke zabdoM meM 'yadidaM' svayamarthebhyo rocate ke vayaM'? punaH hama jisa vastu yA dravya kI vivecanA karanA cAhate haiM, vaha hai kyA? jahA~ eka ora dravya ko guNa aura paryAyoM kA Azraya kahA gayA hai, vahIM dUsarI aura use guNoM kA samUha bhI kahA gayA hai| guNa aura paryAyoM se pRthak dravya kI aura dravya se pRthaka guNa aura paryAyoM kI koI sattA nahIM hai| yaha hai vastu kI sApekSikatA aura yadi vastutattva sApekSika, anantadharmAtmaka aura anaikAntika hai, to phira usakA jJAna evaM usakI vivecanA nirapekSa evaM ekAntika dRSTi se kaise sambhava hai? isalie jaina AcAryoM kA kathana hai ki (anantadharmAtmaka) mizrita tattva kI vivecanA binA apekSA ke sambhava nahIM hai (abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, khaNDa- 4 pR0 1833) / mAnavIya jJAna prApti ke sAdhanoM kA svarUpaH yaha to huI vastu svarUpa kI bAteM, kintu jisa vastu svarUpa kA jJAna hama prApta karanA cAhate haiM, usake lie hamAre pAsa sAdhana kyA hai| hameM una sAdhanoM ke svarUpa evaM unake dvArA pradatta jJAna ke svarUpa para bhI vicAra kara lenA hogaa| manuSya ke pAsa apanI satyAbhIpsA aura jijJAsA kI santuSTi ke lie jJAna-prApti ke do sAdhana haiM 1. indriyA~ aura 2. tarkabuddhi / mAnava apane inhIM sImita sAdhanoM dvArA vastutattva ko jAnane kA prayatna karatA hai| jahA~ taka mAnava ke aindrika jJAna kA prazna hai, yaha spaSTa hai ki aindrika jJAna na pUrNa hai aura na nirapekSa / mAnava indriyoM kI kSamatA sImita hai, ata: ve vastutattva kA jo bhI svarUpa jAna pAtI haiM, vaha pUrNa nahIM ho sakatA hai| indriyA~ vastu ko apane pUrNa svarUpa meM dekha pAne meM sakSama nahIM haiN| yahA~ hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki hama vastutattva ko jisa rUpa meM vaha hai vaisA nahIM jAna kara, use jisa rUpa meM indriyA~ hamAre samakSa prastuta karatI haiM, usI rUpa meM jAnate haiN| hama indriya saMvedanA ko jAna pAte haiM, vastutatva ko nhiiN| isakA artha yaha huA ki hamArA Anubhavika jJAna indriya-sApekSa hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, vaha indriya sApekSa hone ke sAtha-sAtha una koNoM para bhI nirbhara rahatA hai jahA~ se vastu

Page #16
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra dekhI jA rahI hai aura yadi hama usa koNa (sthiti) ke vicAra ko apane jJAna se alaga karate haiM, to nizcita hI hamArA jJAna bhrAnta ho jaayegaa| udAharaNArtha eka gola sikkA apane aneka koNoM se hameM vRttAkAra na lagakara aNDAkAra dikhAI detA hai / vibhinna gurutvAkarSaNoM evaM vibhinna zArIrika sthitiyoM se eka hI vastu halkI yA bhArI pratIta hotI hai| hamArI pRthvI ko jaba hama usake gurutvAkarSaNa kI sImA se Upara jAkara dekhate haiM to gatizIla dikhAI detI hai, kintu yahA~ vaha hameM sthira pratIta hotI hai| dUra se dekhane para vastu choTI aura pAsa se dekhane para bar3I dikhAI detI hai| eka Tebala ke jaba vividha koNoM se phoTo lie jAte haiM to ve paraspara bhinna-bhinna hote haiN| isa prakAra hamArA sArA anubhavika jJAna sApekSa hI hotA hai, nirapekSa nahIM / indriya saMvedanoM ko una saba apekSAoM (Conditions) se alaga haTakara nahIM samajhA jA sakatA hai, jinameM ki ve hue haiN| ata: aindrikajJAna dik kAla aura vyakti sApekSa hI hotA hai| kintu mAnava mana kabhI bhI indriyAnubhUti yA pratIti ke jJAna ko hI antima satya mAnakara santuSTa nahIM hotA, vaha usa pratIti ke pIche bhI jhAMkanA cAhatA hai / isa hetu vaha apanI tarkabuddhi kA sahArA letA hai / kintu kyA tArkika jJAna nirapekSa ho sakatA hai ? prathama to tArkika jJAna bhI pUrI taraha se indriya saMvedanA se nirapekSa nahIM hotA hai, dUsare tArkika jJAna vastutaH eka sambandhAtmaka jJAna hai| bauddhika cintana kAraNa-kArya, eka-aneka, asti nAsti Adi vicAra vidhAoM se ghirA huA hai aura apanI ina vidhAoM ke AdhAra para vaha sopakSa hI hogaa| tarkabuddhi jaba bhI kisI vastu ke svarUpa kA nizcaya kara koI nirNaya prastuta karatI hai, to vaha hameM do tathyoM ke bIca kisI sambandha yA asambandha kI hI sUcanA pradAna karatI hai aura aisA sambandhAtmaka jJAna sambandha sApekSa hI hogA, nirapekSa nhiiN| kyoMki sabhI sambandha (Relations) sApekSa hote haiN| xiii mAnavIya jJAna kI sImitatA evaM sApekSatAH vastutaH vastutattva kA yathArtha evaM pUrNa jJAna sImita kSamatA vAle mAnava ke lie sadaiva hI eka jaTila prazna rahA hai| apUrNa ke dvArA pUrNa ko jAnane ke samasta prayAsa AMzika satya ke jJAna se Age nahIM jA pAye haiM aura jaba isa AMzika satya ko pUrNa satya mAna liyA jAtA hai to vaha satya, satya na raha karake asatya bana jAtA hai| vastutattva na kevala utanA hI hai jitanA ki hama ise jAna pA rahe haiM balki vaha isase itara bhI hai| manuSya kI aindrika jJAna kSamatA evaM tarka buddhi itanI apUrNa hai ki vaha sampUrNa satya ko eka sAtha grahaNa nahIM kara sktii| ataH sAdhAraNa mAnava pUrNa satya kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM kara pAtA hai| jaina dRSTi ke anusAra satya ajJeya to nahIM hai kintu binA pUrNatA ko prApta kiye use pUrNa rUpa se nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| prasiddha vaijJAnika albarTa AinsTIna ne kahA thA ki

Page #17
xiv 'hama kevala sApekSika satya ko jAna sakate haiM, nirapekSa satya ko to koI pUrNa draSTA hI jAna skegaa| (Cosmology Old and New P. XIII) aura aisI sthiti meM jabaki hamArA samasta jJAna AMzika, apUrNa tathA sApekSika hai, hameM yaha dAvA karane kA koI adhikAra nahIM hai ki merI dRSTi hI eka mAtra satya hai aura satya mere hI pAsa hai / hamArA AMzika, apUrNa aura sApekSika jJAna nirapekSa satyatA kA dAvA nahIM kara sakatA hai| ataH aise jJAna ke lie hameM aisI kathana paddhati kI yojanA karanI hogI, jo ki dUsaroM ke anubhUta satyoM kA niSedha nahIM karate hue apanI bAta kaha ske| hama apane jJAna kI sImitatA ke kAraNa anya sambhAvanAoM (Possibilities) ko nirasta nahIM kara sakate haiN| kyA sarvajJa kA jJAna nirapekSa hotA hai? yadyapi jaina darzana meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki sarvajJa yA kevalI sampUrNa satya kA sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai, ata: yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se uThatA hai ki kyA sarvajJa kA jJAna nirapekSa hai| isa sandarbha meM jaina dArzanikoM meM bhI matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| kucha samakAlIna jaina vicAraka sarvajJa ke jJAna ko nirapekSa mAnate haiM jaba ki dUsare kucha vicArakoM ke anusAra sarvajJa kA jJAna bhI sApekSa hotA hai| paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne "syAdvAdamaMjarI" kI bhUmikA meM sarvajJa ke jJAna ko nirapekSa satya batAyA hai| jabaki muni zrI nagarAjajI ne "jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna" nAmaka pustikA meM yaha mAnA hai sarvajJa kA jJAna bhI kahane bhara ko hI nirapekSa hai kyoMki syAdasti, syAnnAsti se pare vaha bhI nahIM hai| kintu vastusthiti yaha hai ki jahA~ taka sarvajJa ke vastu jagat ke jJAna kA prazna hai use nirapekSa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki usake jJAna kA viSaya ananta dharmAtmaka vastu hai / ata: sarvajJa bhI vastutattva ke ananta guNoM ko ananta apekSAoM se hI jAna sakatA hai| vastugata jJAna yA vaiSayika jJAna (Objective Knowledge) kabhI bhI nirapekSa nahIM ho sakatA, phira cAhe vaha sarvajJa kA hI kyoM na ho ? isIlie jaina AcAryoM kA kathana hai ki dIpa se lekara vyoma taka vastu mAtra syAdvAda kI mudrA se aMkita hai| kintu hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki jahA~ taka sarvajJa ke Atma-bodha kA prazna hai vaha nirapekSa ho sakatA hai kyoMki vaha vikalpa rahita hotA hai / sambhavata: isI dRSTikoNa ko lakSya meM rakhakara AcArya kundakunda ko yaha kahanA par3A thA ki vyavahAra dRSTi se sarvajJa sabhI dravyoM ko jAnatA hai kintu paramArthataH to vaha AtmA ko hI jAnatA hai / sarvajJa kA Atma-bodha to nirapekSa hotA hai kintu usakA vastu-viSayaka jJAna sApekSa hotA hai| - bhASA kI abhivyakti sAmarthya kI sImitatA aura sApekSatA: sarvajJa yA pUrNa ke lie bhI, jo sampUrNa satya kA sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai, satya kA nirapekSa kathana yA abhivyakti sambhava nahIM hai / sampUrNa satya ko cAhe jAnA jA sakatA

Page #18
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra ho kintu kahA nahIM jA sktaa| usakI abhivyakti kA jaba bhI koI prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai, to vaha sApekSika bana jAtA hai| kyoMki sarvajJa ko bhI apanI abhivyakti ke lie usI bhASA kA sahArA lenA hotA hai, jo ki sImita evaM apUrNa hai| "hai" aura "nahIM haiM" kI sImA se ghirI huI hai| ataH bhASA pUrNa satya ko nirapekSatayA abhivyakta nahIM kara sakatI hai| prathama to vastutattva ke dharmoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai, jabaki mAnavIya bhASA kI zabda saMkhyA sImita hai| jitane vastu-dharma haiM, utane zabda nahIM haiN| ataH aneka dharma anukta (akathita) raheMge hii| punaH mAnava kI jitanI anubhUtiyA~ haiM, una sabake lie bhI bhASA meM pRthak-prathak zabda nahIM haiN| hama gur3a, zakkara, Ama Adi kI miThAsa ko bhASA meM pUrNa rUpa se abhivyakta nahIM kara sakate kyoMki sabhI kI miThAsa ke lie alaga-alaga zabda nahIM haiN| AcArya nemicandra " gommaTasAra' meM likhate haiM ki hamAre anubhUta bhAvoM kA kevala anantavAM bhAga hI kathanIya hotA hai aura jitanA kathanIya hai, usakA bhI eka aMza hI bhASA meM nibaddha karake likhA jAtA hai (gommaTasAra - jIvakANDa 334) / cAhe nirapekSa jJAna ko sambhava bhI mAna liyA jAe, kintu nirapekSa kathana to kadApi sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki jo kucha bhI kahA jAtA hai, vaha kisI na kisI sandarbha meM (In a certain context) kahA jAtA hai aura usa sandarbha meM hI use ThIka prakAra se samajhA jA sakatA hai anyathA bhrAnti hone kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai / isIlie jaina AcAryoM kA kathana hai ki jagat meM jo kucha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, vaha saba kisI vivakSA yA naya se garbhita hotA hai / jina yA sarvajJa kI vANI bhI apekSA rahita nahIM hotI hai vaha sApekSa hI hotI hai| ataH vaktA kA kathana samajhane ke lie bhI apekSA kA vicAra Avazyaka hai| XV punazca jaba vastutattva meM aneka viruddha dharma - yugala bhI rahe hue haiM, to zabdoM dvArA unakA eka sAtha pratipAdana sambhava nahIM hai| unheM kramika rUpa meM hI kahA jA sakatA hai| zabda eka samaya meM eka hI dharma ko abhivyakta kara sakatA hai| anantadharmAtmaka vastutattva ke samasta dharmoM kA eka sAtha kathana bhASA kI sImA ke bAhara hai| ataH kisI bhI kathana vastu ke aneka dharma anukta (akathita) hI raha jAyeMge aura eka nirapekSa kathana anukta dharmoM kA niSedha karane ke kAraNa asatya ho jAyegA / hamArA kathana satya rahe aura hamAre vacana vyavahAra se zrotA ko koI bhrAnti na ho isalie sApekSika kathana paddhati hI samucita ho sakatI hai| jainAcAryoM ne 'syAt' ko satya kA cihna isIlie kahA hai ki vaha apekSA pUrvaka kathana karake hamAre kathana ko avirodhI aura satya banA detA hai tathA zrotA ko koI bhrAnti bhI nahIM hone detA hai| syAdvAda aura anekAnta : sAdhAraNatayA anekAnta aura syAdvAda paryAyavAcI mAne jAte haiN| aneka jainAcAryoM

Page #19
xvi ne inheM paryAyavAcI batAyA bhI hai kintu phira bhI donoM meM thor3A antara hai / anekAnta, syAdvAda kI apekSA adhika vyApaka artha kA dyotaka hai| jainAcAryoM ne donoM meM vyApaka - vyApya bhAva mAnA hai / anekAntavAda vyApaka hai aura syAdvAda vyApya / anekAnta vAcya hai to syAdvAda vaack| anekAnta vastusvarUpa hai, to syAdvAda usa anaikAntika vastu svarUpa ke kathana kI nirdoSa bhASA-paddhati / anekAnta darzana hai, to syAdvAda usakI abhivyakti kA DhaMga / vibhajyavAda aura syAdvAda : vibhajyavAda syAdvAda kA hI eka anya paryAyavAcI evaM pUrvavartI hai| sUtrakRtAMga (1.1.4.22) meM mahAvIra ne bhikSuoM ke lie yaha spaSTa nirdeza diyA ki ve vibhajvavAda kI bhASA kA prayoga kreN| isI prakAra bhagavAn buddha ne bhI majjhimanikAya meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA thA ki he mANavaka! mai vibhajyavAdI hU~ ekAntavAdI nahIM / vibhajyavAda vaha siddhAnta hai, jo prazna ko vibhAjita karake uttara detA hai| jaba buddha se yaha pUchA gayA ki gRhastha ArAdhaka hotA hai yA pravrajita ? unhoMne isa prazna ke uttara meM yaha kahA ki gRhastha evaM tyAgI yadi mithyAvAdI haiM to ArAdhaka nahIM ho skte| kintu yadi donoM hI samyak AcaraNa karane vAle haiM to donoM hI ArAdhaka ho sakate haiN| ( majjhima ni0 - 19 ) / isIprakAra jaba mahAvIra se jayaMtI ne yaha pUchA ki sonA acchA hai yA jAganA, to unhoMne kahA thA ki kucha jIvoM ko sonA acchA hai aura kucha kA jAganA / pApI kA sonA acchA hai aura dharmAtmAoM kA jAganA / (bhagavatI sU0 12. 2.442 ) isase yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki vaktA ko usake prazna kA vizleSaNapUrvaka uttara denA vibhajyavAda hai| praznoM ke uttaroM kI yaha vizleSaNAtmaka zailI vicAroM ko sulajhAne vAlI tathA vastu ke aneka AyAmoM ko spaSTa karane vAlI hai| isase vaktA kA vizleSaNa ekAMgI nahIM banatA hai / buddha aura mahAvIra kA yaha vibhajyavAda hI Age calakara zUnyavAda aura syAdvAda meM vikasita huA hai| zUnyavAda aura syAdvAda : bhagavAn buddha ne zAzvatavAda aura ucchedavAda ina donoM ko asvIkAra kiyA aura apane mArga ko madhyama mArga kahA / jabaki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne zAzvatvAda aura ucchedavAda ko apekSAkRta rUpa se svIkRta karake eka vidhi mArga apnaayaa| bhagavAn buddha kI paramparA meM vikasita zUnyavAda aura jaina paramparA meM vikasita syAdvAda donoM kA hI lakSya ekAntika dArzanika vicAradhArAoM kI asvIkRti hI thaa| donoM meM pharka itanA hI hai ki jahAM zUnyavAda eka niSedhapradhAna dRSTi hai vahIM syAdvAda meM eka vidhAyaka dRSTi hai| zUnyavAda jo bAta saMvRtti satya aura paramArtha satya ke rUpa meM kahatA hai, vahI bAta jaina dArzanika vyavahAra aura nizcaya naya ke AdhAra para pratipAdita karatA hai / zUnyavAda aura syAdvAda meM maulika bheda apane

Page #20
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra xvii niSkarSoM ke sambandha meM hai| zUnyavAda apane niSkarSoM meM niSedhAtmaka hai aura syAdvAda vidhAnAtmaka hai| zUnyavAda apanI sampUrNa tArkika vivecanA meM isa niSkarSa para AtA hai ki vastutattva zAzvata nahIM hai, ucchinna nahIM hai, eka nahIM hai, aneka nahIM hai, sat nahIM hai, asat nahIM haiN| jabaki syAdvAda apane niSkarSoM ko vidhAnAtmaka rUpa se prastuta karatA hai ki vastu zAzvata bhI hai aura azAzvata bhI hai, eka bhI hai aura aneka bhI hai, sata bhI hai aura asat bhI hai| ekAnta meM rahA huA doSa zUnyavAdI aura syAdvAdI donoM hI dekhate haiN| isa ekAnta ke doSa se bacane kI tatparatA meM zUnyavAda dvArA prastuta zUnyatA-zUnyatA kI dhAraNA aura syAdvAda dvArA prastuta anekAnta kI anekAntatA kI dhAraNA bhI vizeSa rUpa se draSTavya hai| kintu jahA~ zUnyavAdI usa doSa ke bhaya se ekAnta ko asvIkAra karatA hai, vahIM syAdvAdI, usake Age 'syAt' zabda rakhakara usa dUSita ekAnta ko nirdoSa banA detA hai| donoM meM yadi koI maulika bheda hai to vaha apanI niSedhAtmaka aura vidhAnAtmaka dRSTiyoM kA hI hai| zUnyavAda kA vastutattva jahA~ catuSkoTivinirmukta zUnya hai, vahIM jaina darzana kA vastutattva anantadharmAtmaka hai| kintu zUnya aura ananta kA gaNita to samAna hI hai, vaha usa dRSTi kA hI pariNAma hai, jo vaicArika AgrahoM se janamAnasa ko mukta karane ke lie buddha aura mahAvIra ne prastuta kI thii| buddha ke niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa kA pariNAma zUnyavAda thA to mahAvIra ke vidhAnAtmaka dRSTikoNa kA pariNAma syaadvaad| ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI meM parama tattva, AtmA aura loka ke svarUpa evaM sRSTi ke viSaya meM aneka matavAda pracalita the| yadyapi aupaniSadika RSiyoM ne inake samanvaya kA prayatna kiyA thA - kintu ve eka aisI dArzanika paddhati kA vikAsa nahIM kara pAye the, jo ina matavAdoM dArzanika evaM vyAvahArika asaMgatiyoM aura kaThinAiyoM kA nirAkaraNa kara ske| ye paraspara virodhI dArzanika mata eka dUsare kI AlocanA meM par3e the aura isake pariNAma svarUpa AdhyAtmika vizuddhi yA rAga-dveSa, Asakti yA tRSNA se vimukti kA prazna gauNa thaa| sabhI dArzanika matavAda apane-apane AgrahoM meM dRr3ha banate jA rahe the| ata: sAmAnya manuSya kI digbhrAnta sthiti ko samApta karane aura ina paraspara virodhI matavAdoM ke AgrahI gheroM se mAnava ko mukta karane ke lie buddha va mahAvIra donoM ne prayatna kiyaa| kintu donoM ke prayatnoM meM mahattvapUrNa antara thaa| buddha kaha rahe the ki ye sabhI dRSTikoNa ekAnta haiM ata: unameM se kisI ko bhI svIkAra karanA ucita nahIM hai| kisI bhI dRSTi se na jur3a kara tRSNA vimukti ke hetu prayAsa kara du:khavimukti ko prApta karanA hI mAnava kA eka mAtra lakSya hai| buddha kI isa niSedhAtmaka dRSTi kA pariNAma yaha huA ki bauddha darzana meM Age calakara zUnyavAda kA vikAsa huA va sabhI dRSTiyoM kA prahANa sAdhaka eka lakSya bnaa| dUsarI ora mahAvIra ne ina vividha dArzanika dRSTiyoM ko nakArane ke sthAna para unameM nihita sApekSika satyatA kA darzana kiyA aura sabhI

Page #21
xviii dRSTiyoM ko sApekSa rUpa se arthAt vividha nayoM ke AdhAra para satya mAnane kI bAta kahI / isI ke AdhAra para jaina dArzanikoM ne anekAnta, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI kA vikAsa kiyaa| buddha evaM mahAvIra donoM kA lakSya vyakti ke ekAntika avadhAraNAoM meM par3ane se bacAnA thaa| kintu inake isa prayAsa meM jahAM buddha ne una ekAntika dhAraNAoM ko tyAjya batAyA, vahIM mahAvIra ne unheM sApekSika satya kahakara samanvita kiyaa| isase yaha tathya phalita hotA hai ki syAdvAda evaM zUnyavAda donoM kA mUla udgama sthala eka hI hai| vibhajyavAdI paddhati taka yaha dhArA ekarUpa rahI kintu apanI vidhAyaka evaM niSedhaka dRSTiyoM ke pariNAma svarUpa do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gaI jinheM hama syAdvAda va zUnyavAda ke rUpa meM jAnate haiN| isa prakAra sattA ke vividha AyAmoM evaM usameM nihita sApekSika viruddha dharmatA ko dekhane kA jo prayAsa aupaniSadika RSiyoM ne kiyA thA vahI Age calakara zramaNa dhArA meM syAdvAda va zUnyavAda ke vikAsa kA AdhAra bnaa| anya dArzanika paramparAe~ aura anekAMtavAda yaha anekAnta dRSTi zramaNa paramparA ke anya dArzanikoM meM bhI prakAra bheda se upalabdha hotI hai| saMjayavelaTThiputra kA mantavya bauddha granthoM meM nimna rUpa se prApta hotA hai (1) hai ? nahIM kaha sktaa| (2) nahIM hai ? nahIM kaha sktaa| (3) hai bhI aura nahIM bhI ? nahIM kaha sktaa| (4) na hai aura na nahIM hai ? nahIM kaha sktaa| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki saMjayavelaTThiputra bhI ekAntavAdI dRSTi ke samarthaka nahIM the| unakI uttara dene kI zailI anekAnta dRSTi kI hI paricAyaka hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki rAhula sAMkRtyAyana jaise vicArakoM ne yaha anumAna bhI kiyA ki saMjayavelaTThaputra ke darzana ke AdhAra para hI jainoM ne syAdvavAda va saptabhaMgI kA vikAsa kiyaa| kintu smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki saMjayavelaTThi kI yaha dRSTi niSedhAtmaka hai| asti, nAsti evaM avaktavyasaptabhaMgI naya ke ye jo tIna mUla naya haiM ve to upaniSad kAla se pAye jAte haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM upaniSadoM meM hameM sat-asat, ubhaya va anubhaya arthAt ye cAra bhaMga bhI prakIrNa rUpa se upalabdha hote haiN| aupaniSadika cintana evaM usake samAnAntara vikasita zramaNa paramparA meM yaha anekAnta dRSTi kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya upasthita rahI hai kintu usake abhivyakti kI zailI bhinna hai| isa yuga ke bAda bhAratIya cintana ke dArzanika yuga meM bhI vividha darzanoM ne isa zailI ko apanAyA hai|

Page #22
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra xix vastutaH vastutattva yA paramasattA kI bahuAyAmitA, mAnavIya jJAna sAmarthya, bhASAI-abhivyakti sAmarthya kI sImitatA manuSya ko anekAnta dRSTi apanAne ke lie prerita karatI rhii| vastu svarUpa ke sabandha meM ekAntika uttara mAnava mana ko saMtoSa nahIM de ske| isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki mAnava apane jJAna ke do sAdhana-anUbhUti va tarka meM se kisI kA bhI parityAga nahIM karanA caahtaa| anubhava use sattA kI bahuAyAmitA kA darzana karAtA hai to tarka use kisI nizcita nirNaya kI dizA meM prerita karatA haA ekAnta kI ora le jAtA hai| tarka buddhi aura anubhava ke isa virodhAbhAsa ke samanvaya ke prayatna sabhI dArzanikoM ne kiye haiM aura inhIM prayatnoM meM unheM kahIM na kahIM anekAnta dRSTi kA sahArA lenA pdd'aa| pataJjali ne mahAbhASya meM (vyADI ke) isa dRSTi kA ullekha kiyA hai| unake sAmane mukhya prazna thA- zabda nitya hai yA anitya hai| isa saMdarbha meM ve vyADI ke mata ko prastuta karate hue kahate haiM ki guNa doSoM kI parIkSA karake tathA prayojana ke AdhAra para yaha batAyA gayA hai ki zabda nitya va anitya donoM hai| jJAtavya hai ki pataJjali kA paramasatya zabda brahma hI hai| usameM nityatA va anityatA donoM ko svIkAra karake ve anya rUpa meM anekAnta dRSTi kA hI pratipAdana karate haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM jainadarzana meM jisa rUpa meM sata kI anaikAntika vyAkhyA kI gayI hai usI rUpa meM pataJjali ke mahAbhASya meM unhoMne dravya kI nityatA va AkRti kI anityatA ko vistAra se pratipAdita kiyA hai| puna: unhoMne yaha bhI mAnA hai ki AkRti bhI sarvathA anitya nahIM hai| eka ghaTa ke naSTa hone para dUsarI ghaTAkRti to rahatI hai| hama yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki AkRti cAhe bAhya rUpa meM naSTa huI ho kintu sraSTA ke cetanA kI AkRti to banI rahatI hai| kumhAra dvArA banAyA ghar3A TUTa jAtA hai kintu kumhAra ke manasa meM jo ghaTAkRti hai vaha banI rahatI hai| mahAbhASyakAra ne sattA ko nitya mAnakara bhI usameM kArya rUpa meM utpatti va vinAza ko svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha isa bAta kA paricAyaka hai ki pataJjali ke darzana meM sat kI pariNAmI nityatA kI avadhAraNA usI rUpa meM hai jisa prakAra jainadarzana meM hai| ___bhAratIya darzanoM meM sA~khya darzana bhI eka prAcInatama darzana hai| sA~khya darzana, prakRtipariNAmavAdI hai| vaha puruSa ko kUTasthanitya mAnatA hai jabaki prakRti ko privrtnshiil| usake dvaitavAda kA eka tattva parivartanazIla hai to dUsarA aparivartanazIla hai| lekina yaha avadhAraNA mUlata: usa puruSa ke saMdarbha meM hI ghaTita hotI hai jo apane ko prakRti se pRthaka jAna cukA hai| zeSa cetana sattAeM jo prakRti ke sAtha apane mamatva ko banAe huI haiM, ve to kisI na kisI rUpa meM parivartanazIla haiM hii| yahI kAraNa hai ki sAMkhya apane satkAryavAda meM pariNAmavAda ko svIkAra karane ko bAdhya huaa| sAMkhya darzana ke vyAvahArika yA sAdhanAtmaka pakSa yogadarzana meM bhI spaSTa rUpa se vastu kI vividha dharmAtmakatA svIkAra kI gayI hai, jaise-eka hI strI apekSA bheda se patnI, mAtA, putrI, bahana

Page #23
XX Adi kahI jAtI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM eka hI dharmI apekSA bheda se aneka dharma vAlA kahA jAtA hai| dravya kI nityatA va paryAyoM kI anityatA bhI sAMkhya evaM yoga darzana meM bhI usI rUpa meM svIkRta hai jisa rUpa meM vaha jaina darzana meN| yaha isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki sattA kI bahuAyAmitA ke kAraNa usakI anaikAntika vyAkhyA hI adhika saMtoSaprada lagatI hai| sAMkhya darzana meM aneka aise tattva haiM jo paraspara virodhI hote hue bhI eka sattA ke sadarbha meM svIkRta haiM jaise - sAMkhya darzana meM mana ko jJAnendriya va karmendriya donoM mAnA gyaa| isI prakAra usake 25 tattvoM meM buddhi, ahaMkAra tathA pA~ca tanmAtrAoM ko prakRti va vikRti donoM kahA gayA hai / yadyapi prakRti va vikRti donoM paraspara viruddha haiN| isI prakAra puruSa ke saMdarbha meM bhI apekSA bheda se bhoktRtva va abhoktRtva donoM svIkRta haiM athavA prakRti meM sAMsArika puruSoM kI apekSA se pravRtyAtmakatA va puruSa kI apekSA se nivRtyAtmakatA donoM hI svabhAva svIkAra kie gaye haiN| mImAMsA darzana meM bhI dravya kI nityatA va AkRti kI anityatA usI prakAra svIkAra kI gayI jisa prakAra vaha pAMtajala darzana meM svIkAra kI gayI / sarvaprathama mImAMsA darzana meM jJAtA, jJeya va jJAnarUpatA vAle trividha jJAna ko jJAna kahA gyaa| dUsare zabdoM meM jJAna ke prayAtmaka hone para bhI use ekAtmaka mAnA / jJAna meM jJAtA svayaM ko; jJAna ke viSaya ko aura apane jJAna tInoM ko jAnatA hai| jJAna meM yaha trayAtmakatA rahI hai phira bhI use jJAna hI kahA jAtA hai| yaha jJAna kI bahuAyAmitA kA hI eka rUpa hai| puna: mImAMsA darzana meM kumArila ne svayaM hI sAmAnya va vizeSa meM kathaMcit tAdAtmya evaM kathaMcit bheda dharmadharmI kI apekSA se bhedAbheda mAnA hai| mImAMsAzlokavArtika meM vastu kI utpAda, vyaya va dhrauvyatA ko isI prakAra pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai jisa prakAra se use jaina paramparA meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| jaba svarNakalaza ko tor3akara kuNDala banAyA jAtA hai to jise kalaza kI apekSA hai use duHkha va jise kuNDala kI apekSA hai use sukha hotA hai kintu jise svarNa kI apekSA hai use mAdhyasthabhAva hai / vastu kI yaha trayAtmakatA jaina va mImAMsA donoM darzanoM meM svIkRta hai| cAhe zAMkara vedAnta apane advaitavAda ke pariprekSya meM paramasattA ko apariNAmI mAnatA ho kintu use bhI anta meM paramArtha aura vyavahAra ina do dRSTiyoM ko svIkAra karake parokSa rUpa se anekAnta dRSTi ko svIkAra karanA par3A kyoMki usake abhAva meM isa parivartanazIla jagat kI vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM thii| isa prakAra sabhI bhAratIya darzana kisI na kisI rUpa meM anekAMta zailI ko svIkAra karate haiN| jaina paramparA meM anekAntavAda kA vikAsa : jainadarzana meM anekAnta dRSTi kI upasthiti ati prAcIna hai| jaina sAhitya meM

Page #24
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra xxi AcArAMga atyanta prAcIna graMtha hai| isameM bhI hameM 'je AsavA te parissavA, je parissavA to AsavA, arthAt jo Asrava ke kAraNa haiM ve hI nirjarA ke kAraNa bana jAte haiM aura jo nirjarA ke kAraNa haiM ve Asrava ke kAraNa bana jAte haiM-yaha kahakara usI anekAntadRSTi kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| AcArAMga ke bAda sthAnAMga meM muni ke lie vibhajyavAda kA Azraya lekara hI koI kathana karane kI bAta kahI gii| yaha sunizcita hai ki vibhajyavAda syAdvAda evaM zUnyavAda kA pUrvaja hai aura vaha bhI anekAnta dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| vaha yaha batAtA hai ki kisI bhI prazna kA uttara vibhinna apekSAoM se bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM diyA jA sakatA hai aura ve sabhI uttara apekSAbheda se saphala ho sakate haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM isa prakAra ke anekoM praznottara saMkalita haiN| jo vibhajyavAda ke AdhAra para vyAkhyAyita haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM hameM naya dRSTi kA paricaya milatA hai| isameM dravyArthikanaya va paryAyArthika naya tathA nizcayanaya va vyahAranaya kA AdhAra lekara aneka kathana kie gae haiN| nizcaya va vyahAra naya kA hI agalA vikAsa naigama Adi pAMca nayoM aura phira sAta nayoM meM huaa| yadyapi nayoM kI yaha vivecanA I0 san kI dUsarI-tIsarI ke bAda ke graMthoM meM spaSTa rUpa se milatI hai, kintu isameM ekarUpatA lagabhaga tIsarI zatI ke bAda AyI hai| Aja jo sAta naya haiM unameM umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM evaM bhUtabali aura puSpadanta ne SaTkhaNDAgama meM mUla meM pAMca ko hI svIkAra kiyA thaa| siddhasena ne sAta meM se naigama ko svataMtra naya na mAnakara cha: nayoM kI avadhAraNA prastuta kI thii| vaise nayoM kI saMkhyA ke bAre meM siddhasena Adi AcAryoM kA dRSTikoNa ati udAra rahA hai| unhoMne anta meM yahA~ taka kaha diyA ki jitane vacana bheda ho sakate haiM utane naya ho sakate haiN| kundakunda ke bAda ke digambara AcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita zuddhanaya va azuddhanaya ko nizcayanaya kA hI bheda mAnate hue unhoMne isake do bhedoM kA ullekha kiyaa| bAda meM paM0 rAjamala ne isameM upacAra ko sammilita karake nizcaya va vyavahAra nayoM kA vargIkaraNa aneka prakAra se kiyaa| isa prakAra nayoM ke siddhAMta kA vikAsa huaa| jahA~ taka saptabhaMgI kA prazna hai vaha bhI eka paravartI vikAsa hI hai| yadyapi saptabhaMgI kA AdhAra mahAvIra kI anaikAntika va samanvayavAdI dRSTi hI hai phira bhI saptabhaMgI kA pUrNa vikAsa paravartI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM ina bhaMgoM para aneka prakAra se cintana kiyA gayA hai| usameM mUla naya to tIna hI rahe haiM- asti, nAsti va avaktavya kintu unase apekSA bheda ke AdhAra para aura vividha saMyogoM ke AdhAra para aneka bhaMgoM kI yojanA milatI hai| usameM SaDapradezIya bhaMgoM bhI apekSA se teisa bhaMgoM kI yojanA bhI kI gayI hai| sarvaprathama siddhasena divAkara ne sanmati prakaraNa (prathamakANDa gAthA 36) meM sAMyogika bhaMgoM kI carcA kI hai| vahA~ sAta bhaMga banate haiN| sAta bhaMgoM kA spaSTa pratipAdana hameM samaMtabhadra, kundakunda aura unake paravartI zvetAmbara evaM digambara AcAryoM meM milane lagatA hai| yaha spaSTa

Page #25
xxii hai ki saptabhaMgI kA suvyavasthita rUpa meM dArzanika pratipAdana lagabhaga 5 vIM zatI ke bAda hI huA hai| kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM ki usake pUrva bhaMgoM kI avadhAraNA nahIM thii| bhaMgoM kI avadhAraNA to isake bhI pUrva meM hameM milatI hai kintu saptabhaMgI kI eka suvyavasthita yojanA 5 vIM zatI ke bAda astitva meM aayii| syAdvAda evaM saptabhaMgI, anekAntavAda kI bhASAyI abhivyakti ke prArUpa haiN| anekAMtavAda kA saiddhAntika pakSa : syAdvAda syAdvAda kA artha-vizleSaNa : syAdvAda zabda 'syAta' aura 'vAda' ana do zabdoM se niSpanna haA hai| ata: syAdvAda ko samajhane ke lie ina donoM zabdoM kA artha vizleSaNa Avazyaka hai| syAt zabda ke artha ke sandarbha meM jitanI bhrAnti dArzanikoM meM rahI hai, sambhavata: utanI anya kisI zabda ke sambandha meM nhiiN| vidvAnoM dvArA hindI bhASA meM syAt kA artha "zAyada'', "sambhavataH", "kadAcit" aura aMgrejI bhASA meM probable, may be, perhaps, some how Adi kiyA gayA hai aura inhI arthoM ke AdhAra para use saMzayavAda, sambhAvanAvAda yA anizcayavAda samajhane kI bhUla kI jAtI rahI hai| yaha sahI hai ki kinhIM saMdarbho meM syAt zabda kA artha kadAcit ,zAyada, sambhava Adi bhI hotA hai| kintu isa AdhAra para syAdvAda ko saMzayavAda yA anizcayavAda mAna lenA eka bhrAnti hI hogii| hameM yahA~ isa bAta ko bhI spaSTa rUpa se dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki prathama to eka hI zabda ke aneka artha ho sakate haiM, dUsare aneka bAra zabdoM kA prayoga unake pracalita artha meM na hokara viziSTa artha meM hotA hai, jaise jaina parAmparA meM dharma zabda kA prayoga dharma-dravya ke rUpa meM bhI hotA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne syAt zabda kA prayoga eka viziSTa pAribhASika artha meM hI kiyA hai| yadi syAdvAda ke Alocaka vidvAnoM ne syAdvAda sambandhI kisI bhI mUlagrantha ko dekhane kI koziza kI hotI, to unheM syAt zabda kA jaina paramparA meM kyA artha hai, yaha spaSTa ho jaataa| syAt zabda ke artha ke sambandha meM jo bhrAnti utpanna hotI hai, usakA mUla kAraNa use tiGanta pada mAna lenA hai, jabaki samantabhadra, vidyAnandi,amRtacanda, malliSeNa Adi sabhI jaina AcAryoM ne ise nipAta yA avyaya mAnA hai| samantabhadra syAt zabda kA artha spaSTa karate hue AptamImAMsA meM likhate haiM ki syAt - yaha nipAta zabda hai, jo artha ke sAtha saMbaMdhita hone para vAkya meM anekAntatA kA dyotaka aura vivakSita artha kA eka vizeSaNa hai (aaptmiimaaNsaa-103)| isI prakAra paMcAstikAya kI TIkA meM AcArya amRcandra bhI syAt zabda ke artha ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM ki 'syAt' ekAntatA kA niSedhaka,anekAntatA kA pratipAdaka tathA kathaMcit artha kA dyotaka eka

Page #26
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra nipAta zabda hai (paMcAstikAya TIkA) malliSeNa ne bhI syAdvAdamaMjarI meM syAt zabda ko anekAntatA kA dyotaka eka avyaya mAnA hai| isa prakAra yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki jaina vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM syAt zabda saMzayaparaka na hokara anaikAntika kintu nizcayAtmaka artha kA dyotaka hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM jaina dArzanika isa sambandha meM bhI sajaga the ki Alocaka yA jana sAdhAraNa dvArA syAt zabda kA saMzayaparaka artha grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, isalie unhoMne syAt zabda ke sAtha "eva" zabda ke prayoga kI yojanA bhI kI hai, jaise "syAdastyeva ghaTaH " arthAt kisI apekSA se yaha ghar3A hI hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki " eva" zabda nizcayAtmakatA kA dyotaka hai / " syAt" tathA " eva" zabdoM kA eka sAtha prayoga zrotA ko saMzayAtmakatA ko samApta kara use sApekSika kintu nizcita jJAna pradAna karatA hai / vastutaH isa prayoga meM " eva" zabda 'syAt" zabda kI anizcitatA ko samApta kara detA hai aura " syAt " zabda " eva" zabda kI nirapekSatA evaM ekAntatA ko samApta kara detA hai aura isa prakAra ve donoM milakara kathita vastu-dharma kI sImA niyata karate hue sApekSa kintu nizcita jJAna prastuta karate haiN| ataH syAdvAda ko saMzayavAda yA sambhAvanAvAda nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| "vAda" zabda kA artha kathanavidhi hai| isa prakAra syAdvAda sApekSika kathana paddhati yA sApekSika nirNaya paddhati kA sUcaka hai / vaha eka aisA siddhAnta hai, jo vastutattva kA vividha pahaluoM yA vividha AyAmoM se vizleSaNa karatA hai aura apane una vizleSita vividha nirNayoM ko isa prakAra kI bhASA meM prastuta karatA hai ki ve apane pakSa kI sthApanA karate hue bhI vastutattva meM * nihita anya " anukta" anekAneka dharmoM evaM sambhAvanAoM (paryAyoM) kA niSedha na kreN| vastutaH syAdvAda - hamAre nirNayoM evaM tajjanita kathanoM ko prastuta karane kA eka nirdoSa evaM ahiMsaka tarIkA hai, avirodhapUrvaka kathana kI eka zailI hai| usakA pratyeka bhaMga anaikAntika DhaMga se ekAntika kathana karatA hai, jisameM vaktA apanI bAta isa DhaMga se kahatA hai ki usakA vaha kathana apane pratipakSI kathanoM kA pUrNa niSedhaka na bne| saMkSepa meM syAdvAda apane samagra rUpa meM anekAnta hai aura pratyeka bhaMga kI dRSTi se samyak ekAMta hai| saptabhaMgI anantadharmAtmaka vastutattva ke saMbaMdha meM eka aisI kathana-paddhati yA vAkya yojanA hai, jo usameM anukta dharmoM kI saMbhAvanA kA niSedha na karate hue sApekSika kintu nizcayAtmaka DhaMga se vastutattva ke pUrNa svarUpa ko apanI dRSTi meM rakhate hue usake kisI eka dharma kA mukhya rUpa se pratipAdana yA niSedha karatI hai| isI prakAra anekAntavAda bhI vastutattva ke sandarbha meM ekAdhika nirNayoM ko svIkRta karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki eka hI vastutattva ke sandarbha meM vibhinna apekSAoM ke AdhAra para aneka nirNaya (kathana) diye jA sakate haiM arthAt anekAnta vastu-svarUpa ke sambandha meM aneka nirNayoM yA niSkarSoM kI sambhAvyatA kA siddhAMta hai| jainAcAryoM ne anekAMta ko paribhASita karate hue likhA hai xxiii

Page #27
xxiv ki 'sarvathaikAnta pratikSepa lakSaNo'nekAMtaH' arthAt anekAMta mAtra ekAMta kA niSedha hai aura vastu meM nihita paraspara viruddha dharmoM kA prakAzaka hai| syAdvAda ke AdhAra sambhavataH yaha prazna upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai ki syAdvAda yA sApekSika kathana paddhati kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? syAdvAda yA sApekSika kathana paddhati kI AvazyakatA ke mUlata: cAra kAraNa haiM 1. vastutattva kI ananta dharmAtmakatA, 2. mAnavIya jJAna prApti ke sAdhanoM kI sImitatA, 3. mAnavIya jJAna kI apUrNatA evaM sApekSatA, tathA 4. bhASA ke abhivyakti sAmarthya kI sImitatA evaM sApekSatA / anekAMtavAda kA bhASika pakSa : saptabhaMgI saptabhaMgI syAdvAda kI bhASAyI abhivyakti ke sAmAnya vikalpoM ko prastuta karatI hai| hamArI bhASA vidhi - niSedha kI sImAoM se ghirI huI hai| " hai" aura " nahIM haiM" hamAre kathanoM ke do prArUpa haiN| kintu kabhI-kabhI hama apanI bAta ko spaSTatayA " hai" (vidhi) aura "nahIM hai" (niSedha) kI bhASA meM prastuta karane meM asamartha hote haiM arthAt sImita zabdAvalI kI yaha bhASA hamArI anubhUti ko pragaTa karane meM asamartha hotI hai| aisI sthiti meM hama eka tIsare vikalpa "avAcya' yA avaktavya" kA sahArA lete haiM, arthAt zabdoM ke mAdhyama se " hai" aura "nahIM hai" kI bhASAyI sImA meM bA~dha kara use kahA nahIM jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra vidhi, niSedha aura avaktavyatA se jo sAta prakAra kA vacana vinyAsa banatA hai, use saptabhaMgI kahA jAtA hai / saptabhaMgI meM syAt asti, syAt nAsti aura syAt avaktavya ye tIna asaMyogI maulika bhaMga haiN| zeSa cAra bhaMga ina tInoM ke saMyoga se banate haiN| unameM syAt asti nAsti, syAt asti - avaktavya aura syAt nAsti - avaktavya ye tIna dvisaMyogI aura antima syAt asti nAsti - avaktavya, yaha trisaMyogI bhaMga hai| nirNayoM kI bhASAyI abhivyakti vidhi, niSedha aura avaktavya, ina tIna hI rUpoM meM hotI hai| ataH usase tIna hI maulika bhaMga banate haiM aura ina tIna maulika bhaMgoM meM se gaNita zAstra ke saMyoga niyama (Law of Combination) ke adhAra para sAta bhaMga hI banate haiM, na kama na adhik| aSTasahasrI TIkA meM AcArya vidyAnanda ne isIlie yaha kahA hai ki jijJAsA aura saMzaya aura unake samAdhAna sapta prakAra ke hI ho sakate haiN| ataH jaina AcAryoM kI saptabhaMgI kI yaha vyavasthA nirmUla nahIM hai| vastutattva ke ananta dharmoM meM se pratyeka ko lekara eka-eka saptabhaMgI aura isa prakAra ananta saptabhaMgiyA~ to banAI jA sakatI haiN| kintu anantabhaMgI nahIM / zvetAmbara Agama bhagavatIsUtra meM SaTpradezI skandha ke saMbaMdha meM jo

Page #28
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra XXV 23 bhaMgoM kI yojanA hai, vaha vacana bheda kRta saMkhyAoM ke kAraNa hai| usameM bhI mUla bhaMga sAta hI haiN| paMcAstikAyasAra, pravacanasAra Adi prAcIna digambara Agama granthoM meM aura zeSa paravartI sAhitya meM saptabhaMga hI mAnya rahe haiN| ata: vidvAnoM ko ina bhramoM kA nivAraNa kara lenA cAhiye ki aise saMyogoM se saptabhaMgI hI kyoM ananta bhaMgI bhI ho sakatI hai athavA AgamoM meM sAta bhaMga nahIM hai athavA saptabhaMgI bhI eka paravartI vikAsa hai| saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga eka sApekSika nirNaya prastuta karatA hai| saptabhaMgI meM syAt asti Adi jo sAta bhaMga haiM, ve kathana ke tArkika AkAra (Logical forms) mAtra haiN| usameM syAt zabda kathana kI sApekSikatA kA sUcaka hai aura asti evaM nAsti kathana ke vidhAnAtmaka (Affirmative) aura niSedhAtmaka (Negative) hone ke sUcaka haiN| kucha jaina vidvAna asti ko sattA kI bhAvAtmakatA kA aura nAsti ko abhAvAtmakatA kA sUcaka mAnate haiN| kintu yaha dRSTikoNa jaina darzana ko mAnya nahIM ho sakatA- udAharaNa ke lie jaina darzana meM AtmA bhAva rUpa hai vaha abhAva rUpa nahIM ho sakatA hai| ata: hameM yaha spaSTa rUpa se jAna lenA cAhie ki syAt asti, syAt nAsti apane Apa meM koI kathana nahIM haiM, apitu kathana ke tArkika AkAra haiM, ve kathana ke prArUpa haiN| una prArUpoM ke lie apekSA tathA uddezya aura vidheya padoM kA ullekha Avazyaka hai| jaise- syAd asti bhaMga kA Thosa udAharaNa hogA- dravya kI apekSA AtmA nitya hai| yadi hama isameM apekSA (dravyatA) aura vidheya (nityatA) kA ullekha nahIM kareM aura kaheM ki syAt AtmA hai, to hamArA kathana bhrama pUrNa hogaa| apekSA aura vidheya pada ke ullekha ke abhAva meM saptabhaMgI ke AdhAra para kiye gaye kathana aneka bhrAntiyoM ko janma dete haiM, jisakA vizeSa vivecana hamane dvitIya bhaMga kI carcA ke prasaMga meM kiyA hai| Adhunika tarkazAstra kI dRSTi se saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga eka sApekSika kathana hai jise eka hetuphalAzrita vAkya ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| saptabhaMgI ke prasaMga meM utpanna bhrAntiyoM se bacane ke lie use nimna sAMketika rUpa meM vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| saptabhaMgI ke isa sAMketika prArUpa ke nirmANa meM hamane cihnoM kA prayoga unake sAmane darzita arthoM meM kiyA hai:cihna artha yadi- to (hetuphalAzrita kathana) apekSA (dRSTikoNa) saMyojana (aura) 0 la

Page #29
xxvi ya 87 do u vi bhaMgoM ke Agamika rUpa bhaMgoM ke sAMketika rUpa Thosa udAharaNa 1. syAt asti a- uvi hai. 2. syAt nAsti 4. syAt avaktavya yugapat (ekasAtha) anantatva vyAghAtaka uddezya vidheya 3. syAt asti nAsti ca a u vi hai. au vi nahIM hai. 5. syAt asti ca avaktavya ca aavi nahIM hai. yadi paryAya kI apekSA se vicAra karate hai to AtmA nitya nahIM hai| (a' a ) u avaktavya ha. au vi hai. (a' are )ya u avaktavya hai. athavA au vi hai. yadi dravya kI apekSA se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA nitya hai| yadi dravya kI apekSA se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA nitya hai aura yadi paryAya kI apekSA se cAra karate haiM to AtmA nitya nahIM hai| yadi dravya aura paryAya donoM hI apekSA se eka sAtha vicAra karate haiM to AtmA avaktavya hai| (kyoMki do bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se do alaga-alaga kathana ho sakate haiM kintu eka kathana nahIM ho sakatA hai | ) yadi dravya kI apekSA se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA nitya hai kintu yadi AtmA kA dravya, paryAya donoM yA ananta apekSAoM kI dRSTi

Page #30
6. syAd nAsti ca avaktavya ca anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra (a) u avaktavya hai| au vi nahIM hai. (372.372)73 avaktavya hai. 7. syAd asti ca, nAsti ca avaktavya ca athavA a - uvi hai. a- uvi nahIM haiM (a'. a) ya u avaktavya hai. xxvii se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA avaktavya hai| athavA au vi nahIM hai. (a) u -- avaktavya hai| a- uvi hai. avi nahIM hai (a) avaktavya yadi paryAya kI apekSA se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA nitya nahIM hai kintu yadi ananta apekSAoM kI dRSTi se vicAra karate hai to AtmA avaktavya hai| yadi dravya dRSTi se vicAra karate hai to AtmA nitya hai hai aura yadi paryAya dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA nitya nahIM kintu yadi apanI ananta apekSAoM kI dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA avaktavya hai| saptabhaMgI ke prastuta sAMketika rUpa meM hamane kevala do apekSAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai kintu jaina vicArakoM ne dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva aisI cAra apekSAeM mAnI haiM, usameM bhI bhAva-apekSA vyApaka hai usameM vastu kI avasthAoM (paryAyoM) evaM guNoM donoM para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| kintu yadi hama pratyeka apekSA kI saMbhAvanAoM para vicAra kareM to ye apekSAeM bhI ananta hoMgI kyoMki vastutattva anantadharmAtmaka hai| apekSAoM kI ina vividha sambhAvanAoM para vistAra se vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu isa choTI sI bhUmikA meM yaha sambhava nahIM hai| , isa saptabhaMgI kA prathama bhaMga " syAt asti " hai / yaha svacatuSTaya ko apekSA se vastu ke bhAvAtmaka dharma yA dharmoM kA vidhAna karatA hai| jaise apane dravya kI apekSA se yaha ghar3A miTTI kA hai, kSetra kI apekSA se indaura nagara meM banA huA hai, kAla kI apekSA se zizira Rtu kA banA huA hai, bhAva arthAt vartamAna paryAya kI apekSA se lAla raMga kA hai yA ghaTAkAra hai Adi / isa prakAra vastu ke sva dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva kI apekSA

Page #31
xxviii se usake bhAvAtmaka guNoM kA vidhAna karanA yaha prathama 'asti' nAmaka bhaMga kA kArya hai| dUsarA syAt, "nAsti'' nAmaka bhaMga vastutattva ke abhAvAtmaka dharma yA dharmoM kI anupasthiti yA nAstitva kI sUcanA detA hai| vaha yaha batAtA hai ki vastu meM sva se bhinna para -catuSTaya kA abhAva hai| jaise yaha ghar3A tAmbe kA nahIM hai, bhopAla nagara se banA huA nahIM hai, grISma Rtu kA banA huA nahIM hai, kRSNa varNa kA nahIM hai aadi| mAtra itanA hI nahIM yaha bhaMga isa bAta ko bhI spaSTa karatA hai ki yaha ghar3A pustaka, Tebala, kalama, manuSya Adi nahIM hai| jahA~ prathama bhaMga yaha kahatA hai ki ghar3A ghar3A hI hai, vahA~ dUsarA bhaMga yaha batAtA hai ki ghar3A, ghaTa itara anya kucha nahIM hai| kahA gayA hai ki "sarvamasti svarUpeNa pararUpeNa nAsti ca" arthAt sabhI vastuoM kI sattA svarUpa se hai pararUpa se nahIM / yadi vastu meM anya vastuoM ke guNa dharmoM kI sattA bhI mAna lI jAyegI to phira vastuoM kA pArasparika bheda hI samApta ho jAyegA aura vastu kA sva-svarUpa hI nahIM raha jAyegA, ata: vastu meM para-catuSTaya kA niSedha karanA dvitIya bhaMga hai| prathama bhaMga batAtA hai ki vastu kyA hai, jabaki dUsarA bhaMga yaha batAtA hai ki vastu kyA nahIM hai| sAmAnyatayA isa dvitIya bhaMga ko 'syAt nAsti ghaTa:' arthAt kisI apekSA se ghar3A nahIM hai, isa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| kintu isake prastutIkaraNa kA yaha DhaMga thor3A bhrAntijanaka avazya hai, sthUla dRSTi se dekhane para aisA lagatA hai ki prathama bhaMga meM ghaTa ke astitva kA jo vidhAna kiyA gayA thA, usI kA dvitIya bhaMga meM niSedha kara diyA gayA aura aisI sthiti meM syAdvAda ko sandehavAda yA AtmA virodhI kathana karane vAlA siddhAnta samajha lene kI bhrAnti ho jAnA svAbhAvika hai| zaMkara prabhRti vidvAnoM ne syAdvAda kI jo AlocanA kI thI, usakA mukhya AdhAra yahI bhrAnti hai| "syAt nAsti ghaTa:' meM jaba syAt zabda ko dRSTi se ojhala kara yA use sambhAvanA ke artha meM grahaNa kara 'asti' aura 'nAsti' para bala diyA jAtA hai to Atma-virodha kA AbhAsa hone lagatA hai| jahA~ taka maiM samajha pAyA hU~ syAdvAda kA pratipAdana karane vAle kisI AcArya kI dRSTi meM dvitIya bhaMga kA kArya prathama bhaMga meM sthApita kiye gaye guNadharma kA usI apekSA se niSedha karanA nahIM hai, apitu yA to prathama bhaMga meM asti rUpa mAne gaye guNa dharma se itara guNa dharmoM kA niSedha karanA hai athavA phira apekSA ko badala kara usI guNa dharma kA niSedha karanA hotA hai aura isa prakAra dvitIya bhaMga prathama bhaMga ke kathana ko pRSTa karatA hai, khaNDita nhiiN| yadi dvitIya bhaMga ke kathana ko usI apekSA se prathama bhaMga kA niSedhaka yA virodhI mAna liyA jAyegA to nizcaya yaha siddhAnta saMzayavAda yA Atma-virodha ke doSoM se grasita ho jAyegA, kintu aisA nahIM hai| yadi prathama bhaMga meM 'syAdastyeva ghaTa:' kA artha kisI apekSA se ghar3A hai aura dvitIya bhaMga 'syAd nAstyeva ghaTa:' kA artha kisI apekSA se ghar3A nahIM hai, aisA kareMge to AbhAsI rUpa se aisA lagegA ki donoM kathana virodhI haiN| kyoMki ina kathanoM ke bhASAyI svarUpa se aisA

Page #32
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra xxix AbhAsa hotA hai ki ina kathanoM meM ghaTa ke astitva aura nAstitva ko hI sUcita kiyA gayA hai| jabaki jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM ina kathanoM kA bala unameM prayukta "syAt" zabda meM hI hai, ve yaha nahIM mAnate haiM ki dvitIya bhaMga prathama bhaMga meM sthApita satya kA pratiSedha karatA hai| donoM bhaMgoM meM ghaTa ke sambandha meM jinakA vidhAna yA niSedha kiyA gayA hai ve apekSAzrita dharma haiM na ki ghaTa kA svayaM kA astitva yA naastitv| puna: donoM bhaMgoM ke "apekSAzrita dharma' eka nahIM haiM, bhinna-bhinna haiN| dUsare bhaMga meM jina apekSAzrita dharmoM kA niSedha huA hai, ve dUsare arthAt para-catuSTaya ke haiN| ata: prathama bhaMga ke vidhAna aura dvitIya bhaMga ke niSedha meM koI Atma virodha nahIM hai| merI dRSTi meM isa bhrAnti kA mUla kAraNa prastuta vAkya meM usa vidheya pada (Predicate) ke spaSTa ullekha kA abhAva hai, jisakA ki vidhAna yA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai| yadi "nAsti' pada ko vidheya sthAnIya mAnA jAtA hai to puna: yahA~ yaha bhI prazna uTha sakatA hai ki jo ghaTa asti rUpa hai, vaha nAsti rUpa kaise ho sakatA hai? yadi yaha kahA jAye ki para dravyAdi kI apekSA se ghaTa nahIM hai, kinta para dravyAdi ghaTa ke astitva ke niSedhaka kaise bana sakate haiM? yadyapi yahA~ pUrvAcAryoM kA mantavya spaSTa hai ki ve ghaTa kA nahIM, apitu ghaTa meM para dravyAdi kA bhI niSedha karanA cAhate haiN| ve kahanA yaha cAhate haiM ki ghaTa, paTa nahIM hai yA ghaTa meM paTa Adi ke dharma nahIM haiM, kintu smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki isa kathana meM prathama aura dvitIya bhaMga meM apekSA nahIM badalI hai| yadi prathama bhaMga se yaha kahA jAye ki ghar3A miTTI kA hai aura dasare bhaMga meM yaha kahA jAye ki ghar3A pItala kA nahIM hai to donoM meM apekSA eka hI hai arthAt donoM kathana dravya kI yA upAdAna kI apekSA se haiN| aba dUsarA udAharaNa leM- kisI apekSA se ghar3A nitya hai, kisI apekSA se ghar3A nitya nahIM hai, yahA~ donoM bhaMgoM meM apekSA badala jAtI hai| yahA~ prathama bhaMga meM dravya kI apekSA se ghar3e ko nitya kahA gayA aura dUsare bhaMga meM paryAya kI apekSA se ghar3e ko nitya nahIM kahA gayA hai| dvitIya bhaMga ke pratipAdana ke ye donoM rUpa bhinna-bhinna haiN| dUsare, yaha kahanA ki paracatuSTaya kI apekSA se ghaTa nahIM hai yA paTa kI apekSA ghaTa nahIM hai, bhASA kI dRSTi se thor3A bhrAntijanaka avazya hai kyoMki paracatuSTaya vastu kI sattA kA niSedhaka nahIM ho sakatA hai| vastu meM paracatuSTaya arthAt sva-bhinna para dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kA abhAva to hotA hai kintu unakI apekSA vastu kA abhAva nahIM hotA hai| kyA yaha kahanA ki kursI kI apekSA Tebala nahIM hai yA pItala kI apekSA yaha ghar3A nahIM hai, bhASA ke abhrAnta prayoga haiM? isa kathana meM jainAcAryoM kA Azaya to yahI hai kiTebala kI nahIM yA ghar3A pItala kA nahIM hai| ata: paracatuSTaya kI apekSA se vastu nahIM haiM, yaha kahane kI apekSA yaha kahanA ki vastu meM paracatuSTaya kA abhAva hai, bhASA kA samyak prayoga hogaa| vidvAnoM se merI vinatI hai ki ve saptabhaMgI ke vizeSa rUpa se dvitIya evaM tRtIya

Page #33
XXX bhaMga ke bhASA ke svarUpa para aura svayaM unake AkArika svarUpa para punarvicAra kareM aura Adhunika tarkazAstra ke sandarbha meM use punargaThita kareMge to jaina nyAya ke kSetra meM eka bar3I upalabdhi hogI kyoMki dvitIya evaM tRtIya bhaMgoM kI kathana vidhi ke vividha rUpa parilakSita hote haiN| ata: yahA~ dvitIya bhaMga ke vividha svarUpoM para thor3A vicAra karanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogaa| merI dRSTi meM dvitIya bhaMga ke nimna cAra rUpa ho sakate haiM: sAMketika rUpa (1) prathama bhaMga - a dvitIya bhaMga-a u vi hai u nahIM hai (2) prathama bhaMga - a- u vi hai dvitIya bhaMga-are U~vi hai udAharaNa prathama bhaMga meM jisa dharma (vidheya) kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| apekSA badalakara dvitIya bhaMga meM usI dharma (vidheya) kA niSedha kara denaa| jaise : dravyadRSTi se ghar3A nitya hai| paryAyadaSTi se ghar3A nitya nahIM hai| (2) prathama bhaMga meM jisa dharma kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, apekSA badalakara dvitIya bhaMga meM usake viruddha dharma kA pratipAdana kara denA hai| jaise- dravyadRSTi se ghar3A nitya hai paryAyadRSTi se ghar3A anitya hai| (3) prathama bhaMga meM pratipAdita dharma ko puSTa karane hetu usI apekSA se dvitIya bhaMga meM usake viruddha dharma yA bhinna dharma kA vastu meM niSedha kara denaa| jaise - raMga kI dRSTi se yaha kamIja nIlI (3) prathama bhaMga - a u vi hai dvitIya bhaMga-au ~vi nahIM hai raMga kI dRSTi se yaha kamIja pIlI nahIM hai| athavA apane svarUpa kI dRSTi se AtmA meM cetana aga apane svarUpa kI dRSTi se AtmA acetana nahIM hai|

Page #34
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra xxxi athavA upAdAna kI dRSTi se yaha ghar3A miTTI kA hai| upAdAna kI dRSTi se yaha ghar3A svarNa kA nahIM hai| (4) prathama bhaMga - a> u hai (4) jaba pratipAdita kathana deza yA kAla dvitIya bhaMga-a u nahIM hai| yA donoM ke sambandha meM ho taba deza-kAla Adi kI apekSA ko badalakara prathama bhaMga meM pratipAdita kathana kA niSedha kara denaa| jaise- 27 navambara kI apekSA se maiM yahA~ para huuN| 20 navambara kI apekSA se maiM yahA~ para nahIM thaa| dvitIya bhaMga ke uparokta cAroM rUpoM meM prathama aura dvitIya rUpa meM bahuta adhika maulika bheda nahIM hai| antara itanA hI hai ki jahAM prathama rUpa meM eka hI dharma kA prathama bhaMga meM vidhAna aura dUsare bhaMga meM niSedha hotA hai, vahA~ dUsare rUpa meM donoM bhaMgoM meM alagaalaga rUpa meM do viruddha dharmoM kA vidhAna hotA hai| prathama rUpa kI AvazyakatA taba hotI hai jaba vastu meM eka hI gaNa apekSA bheda se kabhI upasthita rahe aura kabhI upasthita nahIM rhe| isa rUpa ke lie vastU meM do viruddha dharmoM ke yugala kA honA jarUrI nahIM hai, jabaki dUsare rUpa kA prastutIkaraNa kevala usI sthiti meM sambhava hotA hai, jabaki vastu meM dharma viruddha yugala ho| tIsarA rUpa taba banatA hai, jabaki usa vastu meM pratipAdita dharma ke viruddha dharma kI upasthiti hI na ho| caturtha rUpa kI AvazyakatA taba hotI hai, jaba ki hamAre pratipAdana meM vidheya kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha na ho| dvitIya bhaMga ke pUrvokta rUpoM meM prathama rUpa meM apekSA badalatI hai, dharma (vidheya) vahI rahatA hai aura kriyApada niSedhAtmaka hotA hai| dvitIya rUpa meM apekSA badalatI hai, dharma (vidheya) ke sthAna para usakA viruddha dharma (vidheya kA vyAghAtaka pada) hotA hai, aura kriyApada vidhAnAtmaka hotA hai| tRtIya rUpa se apekSA vahI rahatI hai, dharma (vidheya) ke sthAna para usakA viruddha yA viparIta pada rakhA jAtA hai aura kriyApada niSedhAtmaka hotA hai tathA antima caturtha rUpa meM apekSA badalatI hai aura pratipAdita kathana kA niSedha kara diyA jAtA hai| saptabhaMgI kA tIsarA maulika bhaMga avaktavya hai ata: yaha vicAraNIya hai ki isa bhaMga kI yojanA kA uddezya kyA hai? sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki vastu meM eka hI samaya meM rahate hue sat-asat, nitya-anitya Adi viruddha dharmoM kA yugapat arthAt

Page #35
Xxxii eka sAtha pratipAdana karane vAlA koI zabda nahIM hai| ata: viruddha dharmoM kI eka sAtha abhivyakti kI zAbdika asamarthatA ke kAraNa avaktavyA bhaMga kI yojanA kI gaI hai, kintu avaktavya kA yaha artha usakA ekamAtra artha nahIM hai| yadi hama avaktavya zabda para aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to usake artha meM eka vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai| DaoN0 padmarAje ne avaktavya ke artha ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se cAra avasthAoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai(1) pahalA vedakAlIna niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa, jisameM vizva kAraNa kI khoja karate hue RSi usa kAraNa tattva ko na sat aura na asat kahakara vivecita karatA hai, yahA~ donoM pakSoM kA niSedha hai| (2) dusarA aupaniSadika vidhAnAtmaka dRSTikoNa, jisameM sat, asat Adi virodhI tattvoM meM samanvaya dekhA jAtA hai, jaisa "tadejati tannejati'' "aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn' aadi| yahA~ donoM pakSoM kI svIkRti hai| (3) tIsarA dRSTikoNa jisameM tattva ko svarUpataH avyapadezya yA anirvacanIya mAnA gayA hai, yaha dRSTikoNa bhI upaniSadoM meM hI milatA hai use "yato vAco nivartante', yadvAcAnabhyuditaM, naiva vAcA na manasA prAptuM zakyA: aadi| buddha ke avyAkRtavAda evaM zUnyavAda kI catuSkoTi vinirmukta tattva kI dhAraNA meM bhI bahuta kucha isI dRSTikoNa kA prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| (4) cauthA dRSTikoNa jaina nyAya meM sApekSika avaktavyatA yA sApekSika anirvacanIyatA ke rUpa meM vikasita huA hai| sAmAnyatayA avaktavya ke nimna artha ho sakate haiM - (1) sat va asat donoM kA niSedha krnaa| (2) sat, asat aura sadasat tInoM kA niSedha krnaa| (3) sat -asat, sata-asat (ubhaya) aura na sat na asat (anubhaya) cAroM kA niSedha krnaa| (4) vastutattva ko svabhAva se hI avaktavya mAnanA, arthAt yaha ki vastutattva anubhava meM to A sakatA hai kintu kahA nahIM jA sktaa| (5) sat aura asat donoM ko yugapat rUpa se svIkAra karanA, kintu usake yugapatkathana ke lie koI zabda na hone ke kAraNa avaktavya khnaa| (6) vastutattva anantadharmAtmaka hai arthAt vastutattva ke dharmoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai kintu zabdoM kI saMkhyA sImita hai aura isalie usameM jitane dharma haiM, utane vAcaka

Page #36
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra xxxiii zabda nahIM haiM ata: vAcaka zabdoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa use aMzata: vAcya aura aMzata: avAcya maannaa| yahA~ yaha prazna vicAraNIya ho sakatA hai ki jaina vicAra paramparA meM isa avaktavyatA ke kauna se artha mAnya rahe haiN| sAmAnyatayA jaina paramparA meM avaktavyatA ke prathama tInoM niSedhAtmaka artha mAnya nahIM rahe haiN| usakA mAnya artha yahI hai ki sata aura asat donoM kA yugapat vivecana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai isalie vastutatva avaktavya hai, kintu yadi hama prAcIna jaina AgamoM ko dekheM to avaktavyatA kA yaha artha antima nahIM kahA jA sktaa| AcArAMgasUtra (1-5-171) meM AtmA ke svarUpa ko jisa rUpa meM vacanAgocara kahA gayA hai vaha vicAraNIya hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki "AtmA dhvanyAtmaka kisI bhI zabda kI pravRtti kA viSaya nahIM hai| vANI usakA nirvacana karane meM kathamapi samartha nahIM hai| vahA~ vANI mUka ho jAtI hai, tarka kI vahA~ taka pahu~ca nahIM hai, buddhi (mati) use grahaNa karane meM asamartha hai arthAt vaha vANI, vicAra aura buddhi kA viSaya nahI haiN| kisI upamA ke dvArA bhI use nahIM samajhAyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki use koI upamA nahIM dI jA sakatI, vaha anupama hai, arUpI sattAvAna hai| usa apada kA koI pada nahIM hai arthAt aisA koI zabda nahIM hai jisake dvArA usakA nirUpaNa kiyA jA ske|" ise dekhate hue yaha mAnanA par3egA ki vastusvarUpa hI kucha aisA hai ki use vANI kA mAdhyama nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai| punaH vastutattva kI anantadharmAtmakatA aura zabdasaMkhyA kI sImitatA ke AdhAra para bhI vastutattva ko avaktavya mAnA gayA hai| AcArya nemicandra ne gommaTasAra meM anabhilApya bhAva kA ullekha kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki anubhava meM Aye avaktavya bhAvoM kA anantavA~ bhAga hI kathana kiyA jAne yogya hai (gommaTasAra, jIva0 334) / ata: yaha mAna lenA ucita nahIM hai ki jaina paramparA meM avaktavyatA kA kevala eka hI artha mAnya hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana meM avaktavyatA ke cauthe, pA~caveM aura chaThe artha mAnya rahe haiN| phira bhI hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki sApekSa avyaktavyatA aura nirapekSa avaktavyatA meM jaina dRSTi sApekSa avaktavyatA ko svIkAra karatI hai, nirapekSa ko nhiiN| vaha yaha mAnatI hai ki vastutattva pUrNatayA vaktavya to nahIM hai kintu vaha pUrNatayA avaktavya bhI nahIM hai| yadi hama vastutattva ko pUrNatayA avaktavya arthAt anirvacanIya mAna legeM to phira bhASA evaM vicAroM ke AdAna-pradAna kA koI artha hI nahIM raha jaayegaa| ata: jaina dRSTikoNa vastutattva kI anirvacanIyatA ko svIkAra karate hue bhI yaha mAnatA hai ki sApekSa rUpa se vaha nirvacanIya bhI hai| sattA aMzata: nirvacanIya hai aura aMzata: anirvacanIya, kyoMki yahI bAta usake sApekSavAdI dRSTikoNa aura syAdvAda siddhAnta ke anukUla hai| isa prakAra pUrva nirdiSTa pA~ca arthoM meM se pahale do ko chor3akara antima tInoM ko mAnane meM use koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| merI dRSTi meM avaktavya bhaMga kA bhI eka hI rUpa nahIM hai, prathama to

Page #37
xxxiv "hai" aura "nahIM" hai| aise vidhi pratiSedha kA yugapad ( eka hI sAtha) pratipAdana sambhava nahIM hai, ataH avaktavya bhaMga kI yojanA hai| dUsare nirapekSa rUpa se vastutattva kA kathana sambhava nahIM hai, ataH vastutattva avaktavya hai| tIsare apekSAe~ ananta ho sakatI haiN| kintu ananta apekSAoM se yugapad rUpa meM vastutattva kA pratipAdana saMbhava nahIM hai isalie bhI use avaktavya mAnanA hogaa| isake nimna tIna prArUpa haiM u avaktavya hai, 1. (a'. a ) ya 2. - a u avaktavya hai, 3. (a ) -- u avaktavya hai / saptabhaMgI ke zeSa cAroM bhaMga sAMyogika haiN| vicAra kI spaSTa abhivyakti kI dRSTi se inakA mahattva to avazya hai kintu inakA apanA koI svatantra dRSTikoNa nahIM hai, ye apane saMyogI mUlabhaMgoM kI apekSA ko dRSTigata rakhate hue hI vastusvarUpa kA spaSTIkaraNa karate haiN| ata: ina para yahA~ vistRta vicAra apekSita nahIM hai| saptabhaMgI aura trimUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra : vartamAna yuga meM pAzcAtya tarkazAstra ke vicArakoM meM lyusAivika ne eka nayI dRSTi dI hai, usake anusAra tArkika nirNayoM meM kevala satya, asatya aise do mUlya hI nahIM hote, apitu satya, asatya aura sambhAvita satya aise tIna mUlya hote haiN| isI saMdarbha meM DaoN0 esa0 esa0 bAraliMge ne jaina nyAya ko trimUlyAtmaka siddha karane kA prayAsa jayapura kI eka goSThI meM kiyA thaa| jahA~ taka jainanyAya yA syAdvAda ke siddhAMta kA prazna hai use trimUlyAtmaka mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki jaina nyAya meM pramANa, sunaya aura durnaya aise tIna kSetra mAne gaye haiM, isameM pramANa sunizcita satya, sunaya sambhAvita satya aura durnaya asatyatA ke paricAyaka haiN| puna: jaina dArzanikoM ne pramANavAkya aura nayavAkya aise do prakAra ke vAkya mAnakara pramANavAkya ko sakalAdeza (sunizcita satya yA pUrNa satya ) aura nayavAkya ko vikalAdeza (sambhAvita satya yA AMzika satya) kahA hai| nayavAkya ko na satya kahA jA sakatA hai aura na asatya / ataH satya aura asatya ke madhya eka tIsarI koTi AMzika satya yA sambhAvita satya mAnI jA sakatI hai| punaH vastutattva kI ananta dharmAtmakatA anya sambhAvanAoM ko nirasta nahIM karatI hai aura syAdvAda usa kathita satyatA ke atirikta anya sambhAvita satyatAoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana kI vastutattva kI anantadharmAtmakatA tathA pramANa, naya aura durnaya kI dhAraNAoM ke AdhAra para syAdvAda siddhAMta trimUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra (Three valued logic) yA bahumUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra (Many valued logic) kA samarthaka

Page #38
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra XXXV mAnA jA sakatA hai kintu jahAM taka saptabhaMgI kA prazna hai use trimUlyAtmaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki usameM nAsti nAmaka bhaMga evaM avaktavya nAmaka bhaMga kramaza: asatya evaM aniyatatA (Indeterminate) ke sUcaka nahIM haiN| saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga satyamUlya kA sUcaka hai yadyapi jaina vicArakoM ne pramANa-saptabhaMgI aura naya-saptabhaMgI ke rUpa meM saptabhaMgI ke jo do rUpa mAne haiM, usake AdhAra para yahA~ kahA jA sakatA hai ki pramANasaptabhaMgI ke sabhI bhaMga sunizcita satyatA aura naya saptabhaMgI ke sabhI bhaMga sambhAvita yA AMzika satyatA kA pratipAdana karate haiN| asatya kA sUcaka to kevala durnaya hI hai| ata: saptabhaMgI trimUlyAtmaka nahIM hai| yaha to anekAMta ke saiddhAntika pakSa kI carcA huI, aba hama usake vyAvahArika pakSa kI carcA kreNge| anekAntavAda kA vyAvahArika pakSa anekAnta kA vyAvahArika jIvana meM kyA mUlya aura mahattva hai, isakA yadi aitihAsika dRSTi se adhyayana kareM to hameM sarvaprathama usakA upayoga vivAda parAGmukhatA ke sAtha-sAtha parapakSa kI anAvazyaka AlocanA va svapakSa kI atireka prazaMsA se bacanA hai| isa prakAra kA nirdeza hameM sarvaprathama sUtrakRtAMga (1/1/2/23) meM milatA hai| jahA~ yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo apane pakSa kI prazaMsA aura para pakSa kI nindA meM rata haiM, ve dUsaroM ke prati dveSa vRtti kA vikAsa karate haiM, pariNAma svarUpa saMsAra meM bhramaNa karate haiN|saath hI mahAvIra cAhate the ki isa anekAnta zailI ke mAdhyama se kathya kA samyak rUpa se spaSTIkaraNa ho aura isa taraha kA prayAsa unhoMne bhagavatIsUtra meM anaikAntika uttaroM ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai| jaise jaba unase pUchA gayA ki sonA acchA hai yA jAganA to unhoMne kahA ki pApiyoM kA sonA va dhArmikoM kA jAganA acchA hai| jaina dArzanikoM meM isa anekAntadRSTi kA vyAvahArika prayoga sarvaprathama siddhasena divAkara ne kiyaa| unhoMne udghoSa kiyA ki saMsAra ke ekamAtra guru usa anekAntavAda ko namaskAra hai jisase binA saMsAra kA vyavahAra hI asambhava hai| paramatattva yA paramArtha kI bAta bahuta kI jA sakatI hai kintu vaha manuSya jo isa saMsAra meM rahatA hai usake lie paramArtha satya kI bAta karanA utanI sArthaka nahIM hai jitanI vyavahAra jagat kI aura vyavahAra kA kSetra eka aisA kSetra hai jahA~ anekAMta dRSTi ke binA kAma nahIM calatA hai| parivAra ke eka hI strI ko koI patnI kahatA hai, koI putrabadhU kahatA hai, koI mAM kahatA hai to koI dAdI, koI bahana kahatA hai to koI cAcI, nAnI Adi nAmoM se pukAratA hai| eka vyakti ke sandarbha meM vibhinna pArivArika saMbaMdhoM kI isa saMbhAvanA se iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| Arthika kSetra meM bhI aneka aise prazna haiM jo kisI eka tAttvika ekAntavAdI avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para nahIM sulajhAe jA sakate haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM yadi hama ekAntarUpa se vyakti ko parivartanazIla mAnate haiM to

Page #39
xxxvi Adhunika zikSA praNAlI meM parIkSA, pramANapatra va usake AdhAra para milane vAlI naukarI Adi meM ekarUpatA nahIM hogii| yadi vyakti parivartanazIla hai, kSaNa-kSaNa badalatA hI rahatA hai to adhyayana karane vAlA chAtra bhinna hogA aura jise pramANa patra milegA vaha parIkSA dene vAle se bhinna hogA aura una pramANa patroM ke AdhAra para jise naukarI milegI va unase pRthak hogaa| isa prakAra vyavahAra ke kSetra meM asaMgatiyAM hoMgI, yadi isake viruddha hama yaha mAneM ki vyaktitva meM parivartana hI nahIM hotA to usake prazikSaNa kI vyavasthA nirarthaka hogii| isa prakAra anekAnta dRSTi kA mUla AdhAra vyavahAra kI samasyAoM kA nirAkaraNa karanA hai| prAcIna AgamoM meM isakA upayoga vivAdoM aura AgrahoM se bacane tathA kathanoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie hI kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne isa anekAnta dRSTi kA prayoga dArzanika virodhoM ke samanvaya kI dizA meM kiyaa| unhoMne eka ora paraspara virodhI ekAntika mAnyatAoM meM doSoM kI udbhAvanA karake batAyA ki koI bhI ekAntika mAnyatA na to vyAvahArika hai na hI sattA kA samyak evaM satya svarUpa hI prastuta karatI hai| kintu unakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve kevala doSoM kI udbhAvanA karake hI sImita nahIM rahe apitu unhoMne una paraspara virodhI dhAraNAoM meM nihita satyatA kA bhI darzana kiyA aura satya ke samagra svarUpa ko spaSTa karane ke lie unheM samanvita karane kA bhI prayatna kiyaa| jahA~ unake pUrva taka dUsare darzanoM ko mithyA kahakara unakA mAkhaula ur3AyA jAtA thA, vahIM unhoMne vibhinna nayoM ke AdhAra para unakI satyatA ko spaSTa kiyA / mAtra yahI nahIM jina mata ko bhI mithyA-mata samUha kahakara una sabhI ke prati samAdara kA bhAva prakaTa kiyaa| siddhasena ke pazcAt yadyapi samantabhadra ne bhI aisA hI eka prayAsa kiyA aura vibhinna darzanoM meM nihita sApekSika satyoM ko vibhinna nayoM ke AdhAra para vyAkhyAyita kiyA phira bhI jina mata ko mithyA - mata samUha kahane kA jo sAhasa siddhasena ke cintana meM thA, vaha samaMtabhadra ke ciMtana meM nahI A paayaa| siddhasena aura samaMtabhadra ke pazcAt jisa dArzanika ne anekAnta dRSTi kI samanvayazIlatA kA sarvAdhika upayoga kiyA ve AcArya haribhadra haiM - haribhadra se pUrva digambara paramparA meM kundakunda ne bhI eka prayatna kiyA thaa| unhoMne niyamasAra meM vyakti kI bahuAyAmitA ko spaSTa karate hue yaha kahA thA ki vyakti ko svamata meM va paramata meM vivAda meM nahIM par3anA caahie| kintu anekAMnta dRSTi se vibhinna darzanoM meM pArasparika samanvaya kA jo prayatna haribhadra ne, vizeSa rUpa se apane graMtha zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM kiyA vaha nizcaya hI virala hai / haribhadra ne aneka prasaMgoM meM apanI vaicArika udAratA va samanvayazIlatA kA paricaya diyA hai jisakI carcA hamaneM apane laghu pustikA, 'AcArya haribhadra va unakA avadAna' meM kI hai| vistArabhaya se hama una saba meM yahA~ jAnA nahIM caahte| anekAnta kI isa udAra zailI kA prabhAva paravartI jaina AcAryoM para bhI rahA aura yahI kAraNa thA ki dUsare darzanoM kI samAlocanA karate hue bhI ve AgrahI nahIM bane aura ,

Page #40
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra xxxvii unhoMne eka sImA taka unameM nihita satyoM ko dekhane kA prayatna kiyaa| dArzanika vicAroM ke samanvaya kA AdhAra anekAMtavAda : bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddha ke samaya bhArata meM vaicArika saMgharSa aura dArzanika vivAda apane carama sImA para the| jaina AgamoM ke anusAra usa samaya 363 aura bauddha AgamoM ke anusAra 62 dArzanika mata pracalita the| vaicArika Agraha aura matAndhatA ke isa yuga meM eka aise dRSTikoNa kI avazyakatA thI, jo logoM ko Agraha evaM matAndhatA se Upara uThakara sahI dizA nirdeza de ske| bhagavAna buddha ne isa Agraha evaM matAndhatA se Upara uThane ke lie vivAda parAGmukhatA ko apnaayaa| suttanipAta meM ve kahate haiM ki 'maiM vivAda ke do phala batAtA huuN| eka to vaha apUrNa va ekAMgI hotA hai aura dUsare kalaha evaM azAnti kA kAraNa hotA hai| ataH nirvANa ko nirvivAda bhUmi samajhane vAlA sAdhaka vivAda meM na par3e (suttanipAta 51-21) / buddha ne apane yuga meM pracalita sabhI para virodhI dArzanika dRSTikoNoM ko sadoSa batAyA aura isa prakAra apane ko kisI bhI darzanika mAnyatA ke sAtha nahIM baaNdhaa| ve kahate haiM ki paMDita kisI dRSTi yA vAda meM nahIM par3atA (suttnipaat-51-3)| buddha kI dRSTi meM dArzanika vAdavivAda nirvANa mArga ke sAdhaka ke kArya nahIM haiM (suttnipaat-46-8-9)| anAsakta, mukta puruSa ke pAsa vivAda rUpI yuddha ke lie koI kAraNa hI zeSa nahIM raha jaataa| isI prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI Agraha ko sAdhanA kA samyak patha nahIM smjhaa| unhoMne kahA ki Agraha, matAndhatA yA ekAMgI dRSTi ucita nahIM hai jo vyakti apane mata kI prazaMsA aura dUsaroM kI nindA karane meM hI pAMDitya dikhAte haiM, ve saMsAra cakra meM ghUmate rahate haiM (suutrkRtaaNg1/1/2-23)| isa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra va buddha donoM hI usa yuga kI Agraha vRtti evaM matAndhatA se jana mAnasa ko mukta karanA cAhate the phira bhI buddha aura mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM thor3A antara thaa| jahA~ buddha ina vivAdoM se bacane kI salAha de rahe the, vahIM mahAvIra inake samanvaya kI eka aisI vidhAyaka dRSTi prastuta kara rahe the, jisakA pariNAma syAdvAda hai| / syAdvAda vividha dArzanika ekAntavAdoM meM samanvaya karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| usakI dRSTi meM anityavAda-kSaNikavAda, dvaitavAda-advaitavAda, bhedavAda-abhedavAda Adi sabhI vastu svarUpa ke AMzika pakSoM ko spaSTa karate haiM / inameM se koI bhI asatya to nahIM hai kintu pUrNa satya bhI nahIM hai| yadi inako koI asatya banAtA hai to vaha AMzika satya ko pUrNa satya mAna lene kA unakA Agraha hI hai| syAdvAda apekSA bheda se ina sabhI ke bIca samanvaya karane kA prayAsa karatA hai aura yaha batAtA hai ki satya tabhI asatya bana jAtA hai, jabaki hama AgrahI dRSTi se use dekhate haiN| yadi hamArI hama hamArI dRSTi ko yA apane ko Agraha se Upara uThAkara dekheM to hameM satya kA darzana ho sakatA hai| satya kA saccA

Page #41
xxxviii prakAza kevala anAgrahI ko hI mila sakatA hai| mahAvIra ke prathama ziSya gautama kA jIvana svayaM isakA eka pratyakSa udAharaNa hai| gautama ke kevalajJAna meM Akhira kauna sA tattva bAdhaka bana rahA thA? mahAvIra ne svayaM isakA samAdhAna karate hue gautama se kahA thA- he gautama terA mere prati jo mamatva hai yahI tere kevalajJAna (satya darzana ) kA bAdhaka hai| mahAvIra kI spaSTa ghoSaNA thI ki satya kA sampUrNa darzana Agraha ke ghere meM rahakara nahIM kiyA sktaa| Agraha buddhi yA dRSTirAga satya ko asatya banA detA hai| satya kA prakaTana Agraha meM nahIM, anAgraha meM hotA hai, virodha meM nahIM, samanvaya meM hotA hai| satya kA sAdhaka anAgrahI aura vItarAga hotA hai, upAdhyAya yazovijayajI syAdvAda kI isI anAgrahIM evaM samanvayAtmaka dRSTi ko spaSTa karate hue adhyAtmopaniSad meM likhate haiM yasya sarvatra samatA nayeSu, tnyessviv| tasyAnekAntavAdasya kva nyUnAdhikazemuSI / / 61 tena syAdvAdvamAlaMbya sarvadarzana tulyatAm / mokSoddezAvizeSeNa yaH pazyati saH zAstravit / / 70 mAdhyasthyameva zAstrArtho yena taccAru siddhyati / / sa eva dharmavAdaH syAdanyadvAlizavalganam / / 71 mAdhyastha sahitaM hyekapadajJAnamapi prmaa| zAstrakoTitathaivAnyA tathA coktaM mahAtmanA / / 73 saccA anekAntavAdI kisI darzana se dveSa nahIM krtaa| vaha sampUrNa dRSTikoNoM (darzanoM) ko isa prakAra vAtsalya dRSTi se dekhatA hai jaise koI pitA apane putra ko, kyoMki anekAntavAdI kI nyUnAdhika buddhi nahIM ho sktii| saccA zAstrajJa kahe jAne kA adhikArI to vahI hai, jo syAdvAda kA Alambana lekara sampUrNa darzanoM meM samAna bhAva rakhatA hai| vAstava meM mAdhyastha bhAva hI zAstroM kA gUr3ha rahasya hai| mAdhyastha bhAva rahane para zAstra ke pada kA jJAna bhI saphala hai anyathA karor3oM zAstroM kA jJAna bhI vRthA hai| kyoMki jahA~ Agraha buddhi hotI hai vahA~ vipakSa meM nihita satya kA darzana saMbhava nahIM hotaa| vastuta: zAzvatavAda, ucchedavAda, nityavAda, anityavAda, bhedavAda, abhedavAda, dvaitavAda, hetuvAda, niyativAda, puruSArthavAda, Adi jitane bhI dArzanika mata-matAntara haiM, ve sabhI parama sattA ke vibhinna pahaluoM se liye gaye citra haiM aura ApekSika rUpa se satya haiN| dravya dRSTi aura paryAya dRSTi ke AdhAra para ina virodhI siddhAntoM meM samanvaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| ata: eka saccA syAdvAdI kisI bhI darzana se dveSa nahIM karatA hai, vaha sabhI darzanoM kA ArAdhaka hotA hai| paramayogI AnandaghanajI likhate haiM SaT darasaNa jina aMga bhaNAje, nyAya SaDaMga jo sAdhe re / nami jinavaranA caraNa upAsaka, SaTadarzana ArAdhe re / / 1 / / jina sura pAdapa pAya bakhANuM, sAMkhya joga doya bhede re /

Page #42
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra Atama sattA vivaraNa karatA, lahI duya aMga akhede re / / 2 / / bheda abheda sugata mImAMsaka, jinapara doya kara bhArI re / lokAloka avalaMbana bhajiye, gurugamathI avadhArI re / / 3 / / lokAyatika sukha kUkha jinavarakI, aMza vicAra jo kIje / tattva vicAra sudhArasa dhArA, gurugama viNa kema pIje ||4 // jaina jinezvara uttama aMga, aMtaraMga bahiraMga re / akSara nyAsa dharA ArAdhaka, ArAdhe dharI saMge re / / 5 / anekAMta dhArmika sahiSNutA ke kSetra meM: sabhI dharma sAdhanA paddhatiyoM kA mukhya lakSya rAga, Asakti, ahaM evaM tRSNA kI samApti rahA hai| jahA~ jaina dharma kI sAdhanA kA lakSya vItarAgatA honA aura bauddha darzana kI sAdhanA kA lakSya vItatRSNa honA mAnA gayA hai| vahIM vedAnta meM ahaM aura Asakti se Upara uThanA hI mAnava kA sAdhya batAyA gayA hai| lekina kyA ekAMta yA Agraha vaicArika rAga, vaicArika Asakti, vaicArika tRSNA athavA vaicArika ahaM ke hI rUpa nahIM haiM aura jaba taka ve upasthita haiM, dhArmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM lakSya kI siddhi kaise hogI ? jina sAdhanA paddhatiyoM meM ahiMsA ke Adarza ko svIkAra kiyA gayA unake lie Agraha yA ekAnta vaicArika hiMsA kA pratIka bhI bana jAtA hai| eka ora sAdhanA ke vaiyaktika pahalU kI dRSTi se matAgraha vaicArika Asakti yA rAga kA hI rUpa hai to dUsarI ora sAdhanA ke sAmAjika pahalU kI dRSTi se vaha vaicArika hiMsA hai| vaicArika Asakti aura vaicArika hiMsA se mukti ke lie dhArmika kSetra meM anAgraha aura anekAnta kI sAdhanA apekSita hai| vastutaH dharma kA AvirbhAva mAnava jAti meM zAMti aura sahayoga ke vistAra ke lie huA thaa| dharma manuSya ko manuSya se jor3ane ke lie thA lekina Aja vahI dharma manuSya- manuSya meM vibheda kI dIvAreM khIMca rahA hai| dhArmika matAndhatA meM hiMsA, saMgharSa, chala, chadma, anyAya, atyAcAra kyA nahIM ho rahA hai? kyA vastutaH isakA kAraNa dharma ho sakatA hai ? isakA uttara nizcita rUpa se "hA~" meM nahIM diyA jA sakatA / yathArtha meM dharma nahIM kintu dharma kA AvaraNa DAlakara mAnava kI mahattvAkAMkSA, usakA ahaMkAra hI yaha saba karavAtA rahA hai| yaha dharma nahIM, dharma kA nakAba DAle adharma hai| xxxix mUla prazna yaha hai ki kyA dharma aneka haiM yA ho sakate haiM? isa prazna kA uttara anaikAMtika zailI se yaha hogA ki dharma eka bhI hai aura aneka bhii| sAdhyAtmaka dharma yA dharmoM kA sAdhya eka hai jabaki sAdhanAtmaka dharma aneka haiN| sAdhya rUpa meM dharmoM kI ekatA aura sAdhana rUpa se anekatA ko hI yathArthaM dRSTikoNa kahA jA sakatA hai| sabhI dharmoM kA sAdhya hai- samatvalAbha (samAdhi) arthAt Antarika tathA bAhya zAnti kI sthApanA tathA

Page #43
usake lie vikSobha ke janaka rAga-dveSa aura asmitA (ahaMkAra) kA niraakrnn| lekina rAga-dveSa aura asmitA ke nirAkaraNa ke upAya kyA hoM? yahI vicAra bheda prArambha hotA hai, lekina yaha vicAra bheda virodha kA AdhAra nahIM bana sktaa| eka hI sAdhya kI ora unmukha hone se ve paraspara virodhI nahIM kahe jA skte| eka hI kendra se yojita hone vAlI paridhi se khiMcI huI vibhinna rekhAoM meM pArasparika virodha pratIta avazya hotA hai kintu vaha yathArtha meM hotA nahIM hai| kyoMki kendra se saMyukta pratyeka rekhA meM eka dUsare ko kATane kI kSamatA nahIM hotI hai kintu jaise hI vaha kendra kA parityAga karatI hai vaha dUsarI rekhAoM ko avazya hI kATatI hai| sAdhya sabhI ekatA meM sAdhana rUpI dharmoM kI anekatA sthita hai| ata: yadi dharmoM kA sAdhya eka hai to unameM virodha kaisA? anekAnta, dharmoM kI sAdhyaparaka mUlabhUta ekatA aura sAdhana paraka anekatA ko iMgita karatA hai| vizva ke vibhinna dharmAcAryoM ne apane yuga kI tAtkAlika paristhitiyoM se prabhAvita hokara apane siddhAntoM evaM sAdhanoM ke bAhya niyamoM kA pratipAdana kiyaa| dezakAlagata paristhitiyoM aura sAdhakoM kI sAdhanA kI kSamatA kI vibhinnatA ke kAraNa dharma sAdhanA ke bAhya rUpoM meM bhinnatAoM kA A jAnA svAbhAvika hI thA aura aisA huA bhii| kintu manuSya kI apane dharmAcArya ke prati mamatA (rAgAtmakatA) aura usake apanemana meM vyApta Agraha aura ahaMkAra ne use apane dharma yA sAdhanA paddhati ko hI eka mAtra evaM antima satya mAnane ko bAdhya kiyaa| phalasvarUpa vibhinna dhArmika sampradAyoM aura unake bIca sAmpradAyika vaimanasya prArambha huaa| munizrInemicandra ne dharma sampradAyoM ke udbhava kI eka sajIva vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai, ve likhate haiM ki "manuSya svabhAva bar3A vicitra hai usake ahaM ko jarA sI coTa lagate hI vaha apanA akhAr3A alaga banAne ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai| yadyapi vaiyaktika ahaM dharma-sampradAyoM ke nirmANa kA eka kAraNa avazya hai lekina vahI eka mAtra kAraNa nahIM hai| bauddhika bhinnatA aura dezakAlagata tathya bhI isake kAraNa rahe haiM aura isake atirikta pUrva pracalita paramparAoM meM AyI huI vikRtiyoM ke saMzodhana ke lie bhI sampradAya bane / unake anusAra sampradAya banane ke nimna kAraNa ho sakate haiM: (1) IrSyA ke kAraNa (2) kisI vyakti kI prasiddhi kI lipsA ke kAraNa (3) kisI vaicArika matabheda (matAgraha) ke kAraNa (4) kisI AcAra saMbaMdhI niyamopaniyama meM bheda ke kAraNa (5) kisI vyakti yA pUrva sampradAya dvArA apamAna yA khIMcAtAna hone ke kAraNa (6) kisI vizeSa satya ko prApta karane kI dRSTi se aura (7) kisI sAmpradAyika paramparA yA kriyA meM dravya, kSetra evaM kAla ke anusAra saMzodhana yA parivartana karane kI dRSTi se| uparokta kAraNoM meM aMtima do ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI kAraNoM se utpanna sampradAya Agraha, dhArmika asahiSNutA aura sAmpradAyika vidveSa ko janma dete haiN|

Page #44
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra xli vizva itihAsa kA adhyetA ise bhalIbhAMti jAnatA hai ki dhArmika asahiSNatA ne vizva meM jaghanya duSkRtya kraaye| Azcarya to yaha hai ki isa damana, atyAcAra, nRzaMsatA aura rakta plAvana ko dharma kA bAnA pahanAyA gyaa| zAnti pradAtA dharma hI azAMti kA kAraNa bnaa| Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM dhArmika anAsthA kA mukhya kAraNa uparokta bhI hai| yadyapi vibhinna matoM, paMthoM aura vAdoM meM bAhya bhinnatA parilakSita hotI hai kintu yadi hamArI dRSTi vyApaka aura anAgrahI ho to usameM bhI ekatA aura samanvaya ke sUtra parilakSita ho sakate haiN| anekAMta vicAra dRSTi vibhinna dharma-sampradAyoM kI samApti dvArA ekatA kA prayAsa nahIM karatI hai| kyoMki vaiyaktika ruci bheda evaM kSamatA bheda tathA dezakAla gata bhinnatAoM ke hote hue vibhinna dharmoM evaM sampradAyoM kI upasthiti aparihArya hai| eka dharma yA eka sampradAya kA nArA asaMgata evaM avyAvahArika nahIM apitu azAMti aura saMgharSa kA kAraNa bhI hai| anekAMta vibhinna dharma sampradAyoM kI samApti kA prayAsa na hokara unheM eka vyApaka pUrNatA meM susaMgata rUpa se saMyojita karane kA prayAsa ho sakatA hai| lekina isake lie prAthamika AvazyakatA hai -dhArmika sahiSNutA aura sarva dharma samabhAva kii| anekAMta ke samarthaka jainAcAryoM ne isI dhArmika sahiSNutA kA paricaya diyA hai| AcArya haribhadra kI dhArmika sahiSNutA to sarva vidita hI hai| apane grantha zAstravArtAsamacucya meM unhoMne buddha ke anAtmavAda, nyAya darzana ke Izvara kartRtvavAda aura vedAnta ke sarvAtmavAda (brahmavAda) meM bhI saMgati dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| apane grantha lokatattvasaMgraha meM AcArya haribhadra likhate haiM: pakSapAto na me vIre na dveSaH kapilAdiSu / yuktimadvacanaM yasya, tasya kArya parigrahaH / / mujhe na to mahAvIra ke prati pakSapAta hai aura na kapilAdi munigaNoM ke prati dveSa hai| jo bhI vacana tarkasaMgata ho use grahaNa karanA caahie| isI prakAra AcArya hemacandra ne ziva-pratimA ko praNAma karate samaya sarva deva samabhAva kA paricaya dete hue kahA thA : bhavabIjAMkurajananA, rAgadyA kSayamupAgatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNurvA harau, jino vA namastasmai / / saMsAra paribhramaNa ke kAraNa rAgAdi jisake kSaya ho cuke haiM use, maiM praNAma karatA hU~ cAhe ve brahmA hoM, viSNu hoM, ziva hoM yA jina hoN| rAjanaitika kSetra meM anekAMtavAda ke siddhAMta kA upayoga : anekAntavAda kA siddhAnta na kevala dArzanika evaM dhArmika apitu rAjanaitika

Page #45
xlii vivAda bhI hala karatA hai| Aja kA rAjanaitika jagat bhI vaicArika saMkulatA se paripUrNa hai| pUMjIvAda, samAjavAda, sAmyavAda, phAsIvAda, nAjIvAda Adi aneka rAjanaitika vicAradhArAeM tathA rAjatantra, kulatantra, adhinAyaka tantra, Adi anekAneka zAsana praNAliyAM vartamAna meM pracalita haiN| mAtra itanA hI nahIM unameM se pratyeka eka dUsare kI samApti ke lie prayatnazIla haiN| vizva ke rASTra khemoM meM baMTe hue haiM aura pratyeka khemeM kA agraNI rASTra apanA prabhAva kSetra bar3hAne hetu dUsare ke vinAza meM tatpara hai| mukhya bAta yaha hai ki Aja kA rAjanaitika saMgharSa mAtra Arthika hitoM kA saMgharSa na hokara vaicArikatA kA bhI saMgharSa hai| Aja amerikA, cIna aura rUsa apanI vaicArika prabhusattA ke prabhAva ko bar3hAne ke lie hI pratispardhA meM lage hue haiN| eka dUsare ko nAma-zeSa karane kI unakI yaha mahattvAkAMkSA kahIM mAnava jAti ko hI nAma-zeSa na kara de| Aja ke rAjanaitika jIvana meM syAdvAda ke do vyAvahArika phalita- vaicArika sahiSNutA aura samanvaya atyanta upAdeya haiN| mAnava jAti ne rAjanaitika jagat meM, rAjatantra se prajAtantra taka kI jo lambI yAtrA taya kI hai usakI sArthakatA syAdvAda dRSTi ko apanAne meM hI hai| virodhI pakSa dvArA kI jAne vAlI AlocanA ke prati sahiSNu hokara usake dvArA apane doSoM ko samajhanA aura unheM dUra karane kA prayAsa karanA, Aja ke rAjanaitika jIvana kI sabase bar3I AvazyakatA hai| vipakSa kI dhAraNAoM meM bhI satyatA ho sakatI hai aura sabala virodhI dala kI upasthiti se hameM apane doSoM ke nirAkaraNa kA acchA avasara milatA hai, isa vicAra-dRSTi aura sahiSNa bhAvanA meM hI prajAtantra kA bhaviSya ujjvala raha sakatA hai| rAjanaitika kSetra meM saMsadIya prajAtantra (Parliamentary Democracy) vastuta: rAjanaitika syAdvAda hai| isa paramparA meM bahumata dala dvArA gaThita sarakAra alpamata dala ko apane vicAra prastuta karane kA adhikAra mAnya karatI hai aura yathA sambhava usase lAbha bhI uThAtI hai| dArzanika kSetra meM jahA~ bhArata syAdvAda kA sarjaka hai, vahIM vaha rAjanaitika kSetra meM saMsadIya prajAtantra kA samarthaka bhI hai| ata: Aja syAdvAda siddhAnta kA vyAvahArika kSetra meM upayoga karane kA dAyitva bhAratIya rAjanItijJoM para hai| isI prakAra hameM yaha bhI samajhanA hai ki rAjya-vyavasthA kA mUla lakSya janakalyANa ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue vibhinna rAjanaitika vicAradhArAoM ke madhya eka sAMga saMtulana sthApita karanA hai| AvazyakatA saiddhAMtika vivAdoM kI nahIM apitu janahita ke saraMkSaNa evaM mAnava kI pAzavika vRttiyoM ke niyantraNa kI hai| manovijJAna aura anekAntavAda __ vastuta: anekAntavAda na kevala eka dArzanika paddhati hai apitu vaha mAnavIya vyaktitva kI bahuAyAmitA ko bhI spaSTa karatI hai| jisa prakAra vastutattva vibhinna guNadharmoM se yukta hotA hai usI prakAra se mAnava vyaktitva bhI vividha vizeSatAoM yA vilakSaNatAoM

Page #46
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra xliii kA puMja hai, usake bhI vividha AyAma haiN| pratyeka vyakti ke vyaktitva ke bhI vividha AyAma yA pakSa hote haiM, mAtra yahI nahIM usameM paraspara virodhI guNa bhI dekhane ko milate haiN| sAmAnyatayA vAsanA va viveka paraspara virodhI mAne jAte haiM kintu mAnava vyaktitva meM ye donoM virodhI guNa eka sAtha upasthita haiN| manuSya meM eka ora anekAneka vAsanAyeM, icchAyeM aura AkAMkSAeM rahI huI hotI haiM to dUsarI ora usameM viveka kA tattva bhI hotA hai jo usakI vAsanAoM, AkAMkSAoM aura icchAoM para niyaMtraNa rakhatA hai| yadi mAnava vyaktitva ko samajhanA hai to hameM usake vAsanAtmaka pahalU aura AdarzAtmaka pahalU (viveka) donoM ko hI dekhanA hogaa| manuSya meM na kevala vAsanA aura viveka ke paraspara virodhI gaNa pAye jAte haiM, apitu usameM aneka dUsare bhI paraspara virodhI guNa dekheM jote haiN| udAharaNArthavidvattA yA mUrkhatA ko leN| pratyeka vyakti meM vidvattA meM mUrkhatA aura mUrkhatA meM vidvattA samAhita hotI hai| koI bhI vyakti samagrata: vidvAn yA samagrataH mUrkha nahIM hotA hai| mUrkha meM bhI kahIM na kahIM vidvattA aura vidvAn meM bhI kahIM na kahIM mUrkhatA chipI rahatI hai| kisI ko vidvAn yA mUrkha mAnanA, yaha sApekSika kathana hI ho sakatA hai| mAnava vyaktitva ke sandarbha meM manovizleSaNavAdiyoM ne vAsanAtmaka aham aura AdarzAtmaka aham kI jo avadhAraNAyeM prastuta kI haiM ve yahI sUcita karatI haiM ki mAnava vyaktitva bahuAyAmI hai| usameM aise aneka paraspara virodhI guNadharma chipe hue haiN| pratyeka vyakti meM jahA~ eka ora komalatA yA karuNA kA bhAva rahA huA hai vahIM dUsarI ora usameM Akroza aura ahaMkAra bhI vidyamAna hai| eka hI manuSya ke andara inaphiriyAriTI kAmpaleksa aura supIriyAriTI kAmpaleksa donoM hI dekheM jAte haiN| kabhI-kabhI to hInatva kI bhAvanA hI uccatva kI bhAvanA meM anusyUta dekhI jAtI hai| bhaya aura sAhasa paraspara virodhI guNadharma haiN| kintu kabhI-kabhI bhaya kI avasthA meM hI vyakti akalpanIya sAhasa kA pradarzana karatA hai| isa prakAra mAnava vyaktitva meM vAsanA aura viveka, jJAna aura ajJAna, rAga aura dveSa, kAruNikatA aura Akroza, hInatva aura uccatva kI granthiyAM eka sAtha dekhI jAtI haiN| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki mAnava vyaktitva bhI bahuAyAmI hai aura use sahI prakAra se samajhane ke lie anekAnta kI dRSTi Avazyaka hai| prabandhazAstra aura anekAMtavAda vartamAna yuga meM prabandhazAstra eka mahattvapUrNa vidhA hai, kintu yaha vidhA bhI anekAnta dRSTi para hI AdhArita hai| kisa vyakti se kisa prakAra kArya liyA jAye tAki usakI sampUrNa yogyatA kA lAbha uThAyA jA sake, yaha prabandhazAstra kI viziSTa samasyA hai| prabandhazAstra cAhe vaha vaiyaktika ho yA saMsthAgata usakA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa pakSa to vyakti hI hotA hai aura prabandha aura prazAsaka kI saphalatA isI bAta para nirbhara hotI hai ki hama usa vyakti ke vyaktitva aura usake preraka tattvoM ko kisa prakAra smjhaayeN| eka

Page #47
xliv vyakti ke lie mRdu AtmIya vyavahAra eka acchA preraka ho sakatA hai to dUsare ke lie kaThora anuzAsana kI AvazyakatA ho sakatI hai| eka vyakti ke lie Arthika upalabdhiyA~ hI preraka kA kArya karatI haiM to dUsare ke lie pada aura pratiSThA mahattvapUrNa preraka tattva ho sakate haiN| prabandhavyavasthA meM hameM vyakti kI prakRti aura svabhAva ko samajhanA Avazyaka hotA hai| eka prabandhaka tabhI saphala ho sakatA hai jaba vaha mAnava prakRti kI isa bahuAyAmitA ko samajhe aura vyakti vizeSa ke sandarbha meM yaha jAne kI usake jIvana kI prAthamikatAyeM kyA haiM? prabandha aura prazAsana ke kSetra meM eka hI cAbuka se sabhI ko nahIM hA~kA jA sktaa| jisa prabandhaka meM pratyeka vyakti kI prakRti kI jitanI acchI samajha hogI, vahI utanA saphala prabandhaka hogaa| isake lie anekAMta dRSTi yA sApekSa dRSTi ko apanAnA Avazyaka hai| prabandhazAstra ke kSetra meM vartamAna meM samagra guNavattA prabandhana (Total Quality Management) kI avadhAraNA pramukha banatI jA rahI hai, kintu vyakti athavA saMsthA kI samagra guNavattA kA Akalana nirapekSa nahIM hai| guNavattA ke antargata aneka guNoM kI pArasparika samanvayAtmakatA Avazyaka hotI hai vibhinna guNoM kA pArasparika sAmaMjasya meM rahate hue jo eka samagra rUpa banatA hai vaha hI guNavattA kA AdhAra hai / aneka guNoM ke pArasparika sAmaMjasya meM hI guNavattA nihita hotI hai| vyakti ke vyaktitva meM vibhinna guNa eka dUsare ke sAtha samanvaya karate hue rahate haiN| vibhinna guNoM kI yahI sAmaMjasyatApUrNa sthiti hI guNavattA kA AdhAra hai| vyakti ke vyaktitva meM vibhinna guNa ThIka usI prakAra sAmaMjasya pUrvaka rahate haiM jisa prakAra zarIra ke vibhinna avayava sAmaMjasyapUrNa sthiti meM rahate haiN| jaise zarIra ke vibhinna aMgoM kA sAmaMjasya TUTa jAnA zArIrika vikRti yA vikalAMgatA kA pratIka hai usI prakAra vyakti ke jIvana ke guNoM meM pArasparika sAmaMjasya kA abhAva vyaktitva ke vikhaNDana kA AdhAra banatA hai| pArasparika sAMmajasya meM hI samagra guNavattA kA vikAsa hotA hai / anekAnta dRSTi vyaktitva ke una vibhinna guNoM yA pakSoM aura unake pArasparika sAmaMjasya ko samajhane kA AdhAra hai| vyakti meM vAsanAtmaka pakSa arthAt usakI jaivika AvazyakatAeM aura vivekAtmaka pakSa arthAt vAsanAoM ke saMyamana kI zakti donoM kI apUrNa samajha kisI prabandhaka ke prabandhana kI asaphalatA kA kAraNa hI hogii| samagra guNavattA vibhinna guNoM athavA pakSoM aura unake pArasparika sAmaMjasya kI samajha para hI AdhArita hotI hai aura yaha samajha hI prabandhazAstra kA prANa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to anekAnta dRSTi ke AdhAra para hI sampUrNa prabandhazAstra avasthita hai| vividha pakSoM ke astitva kI svIkRti ke sAtha unake pArasparika sAmaMjasya kI saMbhAvanA ko dekha pAnA prabandhazAstra kI sarvotkRSTatA kA AdhAra hai|

Page #48
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra samAjazAstra aura anekAntavAda samAjazAstra ke kSetra meM sabase mahattvapUrNa samasyA vyakti aura samAja ke pArasparika saMbaMdhoM ko samyak prakAra se samajha pAnA yA samajhA pAnA hI hai| vyakti ke binA samAja aura samAja ke binA vyakti (sabhya vyakti) kA astitva saMbhava nahIM hai / jahA~ eka ora vyaktiyoM ke AdhAra para hI samAja khar3A hotA hai| vahIM dUsarI ora vyakti ke vyaktitva kA nirmANa samAja rUpI kAryazAlA meM hI sampanna hotA hai| jo vicAradhArAyeM vyakti aura samAja ko eka dUsare se nirapekSa mAnakara calatI haiM ve na to sahI rUpa meM vyakti ko samajha pAtI haiM aura na hI samAja ko / vyakti aura samAja donoM kA astitva paraspara sApekSa hai| isa sApekSatA ko samajhe binA na to vyakti ko hI samajhA jA sakatA hai aura na samAja ko| samAjazAstra ke kSetra meM anekAnta dRSTi vyakti aura samAja ke isa sApekSika saMbaMdha ko dekhane kA prayAsa karatI hai / vyakti aura samAja eka dUsare se nirapekSa nahIM haiN| yaha samajha hI samAjazAstra ke sabhI siddhAntoM kA mUlabhUta AdhAra hai / sAmAjika sudhAra ke jo bhI kAryakrama haiM unakA Avazyaka aMga vyakti sudhAranA bhI hai| na to sAmAjika sudhAra ke binA vyakti sudhAra saMbhava hai na vyakti sudhAra ke binA sAmAjika sudhAra / vastutaH vyakti aura samAja meM AMgikatA kA saMbaMdha hai| vyakti meM samAja aura samAja meM vyakti isa prakAra anusyUta haiM ki unheM eka dUsare se alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vyakti aura samAja kI isa sApekSikatA ko samajhanA samAjazAstra ke lie Avazyaka hai aura yaha samajha anekAnta dRSTi ke vikAsa se hI saMbhava hai kyoMki vaha ekatva meM anekatva athavA ekatA meM vibhinnatA tathA vibhinnatA meM ekatA kA darzana karatI hai, usake lie ekatva aura pRthakatva donoM kA hI samAna mahattva hai| vaha yaha mAnakara calatI hai ki vyakti aura samAja paraspara sApekSa hai aura eka ke abhAva meM dUsare kI koI sattA nahIM hai / xlv sAmAjika naitikatA se jur3A eka dUsarA mahattvapUrNa prazna hai vaiyaktika kalyANa aura sAmAjika kalyANa meM kise pramukha mAnA jAya ? isa samasyA ke samAdhAna ke lie bhI hameM anekAnta dRSTi ko hI AdhAra banAkara calanA hogaa| yadi vyakti aura samAja paraspara sApekSa hai, vyakti ke hita meM samAja kA hita hai aura samAja ke hita meM vyakti kA hita samAyA hai to inheM alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jo loga vaiyaktika hitoM aura sAmAjika hitoM ko paraspara nirapekSa mAnate haiM, ve vastutaH vyakti aura samAja ke pArasparika saMbaMdhoM se anabhijJa haiN| vaiyaktika kalyANa aura sAmAjika kalyANa paraspara bhinna pratIta hote hue bhI eka dUsare se pRthaka nahIM haiN| hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki samAja ke hita meM hI vyakti kA hita hai aura vyakti ke hita meM samAja kA hita / ataH ekAnta svArthaparatAvAda aura ekAnta paropakAravAda donoM hI saMgata siddhAnta nahIM ho skte| na to vaiyaktika hitoM kI upekSA kI jA sakatI hai na hI sAmAjika hitoM kii| anekAnta dRSTi hameM yahI batAtI hai

Page #49
xlvi ki vaiyaktika kalyANa meM sAmAjika kalyANa aura sAmAjika kalyANa meM vaiyaktika kalyANa anusyUta hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ve paraspara sApekSa haiN| pArivArika jIvana meM syAdvAda dRSTi kA upayoga kauTumbika kSetra meM isa paddhati kA upayoga paraspara kuTumboM meM aura kuTumba ke sadasyoM meM saMgharSa ko TAlakara zAntipUrNa vAtAvaraNa kA mArga prazasta kara sakatA hai| sAmAnyatayA pArivArika jIvana meM saMgharSa ke do kendra hote haiN| pitA-putra tathA saas-bh| ina donoM vivAdoM meM mUla kAraNa donoM kA dRSTibheda hai| pitA jisa pariveza meM bar3A huA, unhIM saMskAroM ke AdhAra para patra kA jIvana DhAlanA cAhatA hai| pitA kI dRSTi anubhava pradhAna hotI hai, jabaki putra kI dRSTi trkprdhaan| eka prAcIna saMskAroM se grasita hotA hai to dUsarA unheM samApta kara denA cAhatA hai| yaha sthiti sAsa-bahU meM hotI hai| sAsa yaha apekSA karatI hai ki baha aisA jIvana jiye jaisA usane svayaM bahU ke rUpa meM jiyA thA, jaba ki baha apane yuga ke anurUpa aura apane mAtR pakSa ke saMskAroM se prabhAvita jIvana jInA cAhatI hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, usakI apekSA yaha bhI hotI hai ki vaha utanA hI svatantra jIvana jiye, jaisA vaha apane mAtA-pitA ke pAsa jItI thii| isake viparIta svasUra pakSa usase eka anuzAsita jIvana kI apekSA karatA hai| yahI saba vivAda ke kAraNa banate haiN| isameM jaba taka sahiSNu dRSTi aura dUsare kI sthiti ko samajhane kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA jAtA, taba taka saMgharSa samApta nahIM ho sktaa| vastuta: isake mUla meM jo dRSTibheda hai, use anekAnta paddhati se samyak prakAra se jAnA jA sakatA hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki hama jaba dUsare ke sambandha meM koI vicAra kareM. koI nirNaya leM to svayaM apane ko usa sthiti meM khar3A kara socanA caahie| dUsare kI bhUmikA meM svayaM ko khar3A karake hI use samyak prakAra se jAnA jA sakatA hai| pitA-putra se jisa bAta kI apekSA karatA hai usake pahale apane ko putra kI bhUmikA meM khar3A kara vicAra kara le| adhikArI karmacArI se kisa DhaMga se kAma lenA cAhatA hai, usake pahale svayaM ko usa sthiti meM khar3A kare, phira nirNaya le| yahI eka aisI dRSTi hai, jisake abhAva meM loka vyavahAra asambhava hai aura isI AdhAra para anekAntavAda jagadguru hone kA dAvA karatA hai| arthazAstra aura anekAnta sAmAnyatayA arthazAstra kA uddezya jana samAnya kA Arthika kalyANa hotA hai kintu Arthika pragati ke pIche mUlata: vaiyaktika hitoM kI preraNA hI kArya karatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki arthazAstra ke kSetra meM pUMjIvAdI aura sAmyavAdI dRSTiyoM ke kendra bindu hI bhinna-bhinna bana ge| sAmyavAdI zaktiyoM kA Arthika kSetra meM pichar3ane kA ekamAtra kAraNa yaha rahA ki unhoMne Arthika pragati ke lie vaiyaktika preraNA kI upekSA kI, kintu dUsarI ora yaha bhI haA ki vaiyaktika Arthika preraNA aura vaiyaktika arthalAbha ko pramukhatA dene

Page #50
anekAntavAda : siddhAnta aura vyavahAra xlvii ke kAraNa sAmAjika kalyANa kI ArthikaM dRSTi asaphala ho gayI aura upabhoktAvAda itanA prabala ho gayA ki usane sAmAjika Arthika kalyANa kI pUrNataH upekSA kara dii| pariNAma svarUpa amIra aura garIba ke bIca khAIM adhika gaharI hotI gyii| isI prakAra arthazAstra ke kSetra meM Arthika pragati kA AdhAra vyakti kI icchAoM, AkAMkSAoM aura AvazyakatAoM ko bar3hAnA mAna liyA gayA / kintu isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki arthazAstra ke kSetra meM svArthaparatA aura zoSaNa kI dRSTi hI pramukha ho gyii| AvazyakatAoM kI sRSTi aura icchAoM kI pUrti ko hI Arthika pragati kA preraka tattva mAnakara hamane Arthika sAdhana aura suvidhAoM meM vRddhi kI, kintu usake pariNAmasvarUpa Aja mAnava jAti upabhoktAvAdI saMskRti se grasita ho gayI hai aura icchAoM aura AkAMkSAoM kI dRSTi ke sAtha cAhe bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM ke sAdhana bar3he bhI hoM kintu usane manuSya kI antarAtmA ko vipanna banA diyaa| AkAMkSAoM kI pUrti kI daur3a meM mAnava apanI Antarika zAnti kho baitthaa| phalataH Aja hamArA Arthika kSetra viphala hotA dikhAI de rahA hai| vastutaH isa saba ke pIche Arthika pragati ko hI ekamAtra lakSya banA lene kI ekAntika jIvana dRSTi hai| koI bhI taMtra cAhe vaha arthataMtra ho, rAjataMtra yA dharmataMtra, binA anekAnta dRSTi ko svIkAra kiye saphala nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki ina sabakA mUla kendra to manuSya hI hai| jaba taka ve mAnava vyaktitva kI bahuAyAmitA aura usameM nihita sAmAnyatAoM ko nahIM svIkAra kareMge, taba taka ina kSetroM meM hamArI saphalatAeM bhI antataH viphalatAoM meM hI badalatI rheNgii| vastutaH anekAnta dRSTi hI eka aisI dRSTi hai jo mAnava ke samagra kalyANa kI dizA meM hame agrasara kara sakatI hai / samagratA kI dizA meM aMgoM kI upekSA nahIM, apitu unakA pArasparika sAmaMjasya hI mahattvapUrNa hotA hai aura anekAntavAda kA yaha siddhAnta isI vyAvahArika jIvana dRSTi ko samupasthita karatA hai| anekAnta ko jIne kI AvazyakatA: mujhe yaha jAnakara prasannatA ho rahI hai ki anekAnta ke vyAvahArika pakSa para zrI navIna bhAI zAha kI hArdika icchA, preraNA aura artha sahayoga se mere nirdezana meM lagabhaga chaH varSa pUrva ahamadAbAda meM jo saMgoSThI huI thI, usameM prastutaM kucha mahattvapUrNa nidha aba prakAzita ho rahe haiN| anekAMtavAda ke saiddhAntika pakSa para to prAcIna kAla se lekara aba taka bahuta vicAra-vimarza yA Alocana - pratyAlocana huA kintu usakA vyAvahArika pakSa upekSita hI rhaa| yaha zrI navIna bhAI kI utkaTa preraNA kA hI pariNAma thA ki anekAnta ke isa upekSita pakSa para na kevala saMgoSThI aura nibandha - pratiyogitA kA Ayojana huA, apitu isa hetu prApta nibandhoM yA nibandhoM ke cayanita aMza kA prakAzana bhI ho rahA hai| anekAMtavAda mAtra saiddhAntika carcA kA viSaya nahIM hai, vaha prayoga meM lAne kA viSaya hai, -

Page #51
xlviii kyoMki isa prayogAtmakatA ke dvArA hI hama vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana ke saMgharSoM evaM vaicArika vivAdoM kA nirAkaraNa kara sakate haiN| anekAMtavAda ko mAtra jAna lenA yA samajha lenA hI paryApta nahIM hai, use vyAvahArika jIvana meM jInA bhI hogA aura tabhI usake vAstavika mUlyavattA ko samajha skeNge| hama dekhate haiM ki anekAMta evaM syAdvAda ke siddhAnta dArzanika, dhArmika, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika evaM pArivArika jIvana ke virodhoM ke samanvaya kI eka aisI vidhAyaka dRSTi prastuta karate haiM jisase mAnava jAti ko saMgharSoM ke nirAkaraNa meM sahAyatA mila sakatI hai| anta meM maiM zrI navInabhAI zAha aura mere una sabhI vidvat sAthiyoM, jinake sahayoga se yaha upakrama pUrNa ho sakA, dhanyavAda jJApita karatA huuN| grantha ke sampAdana ke samaya prastuta prakAzana ke pRSThoM kI sImA rekhA ke kAraNa kucha nibandhoM aura nibandha aMzoM ko hama samAhita nahIM kara sake isake lie hama kSamA prArthI haiN| isa sampUrNa upakrama meM prArambha se lekara anta taka mere sahayogI rahe DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya kA vizeSa AbhArI hU~ jinake sahayoga se yaha upakrama pUrNa ho skaa| isake sampAdana, prUpha-saMzodhana aura prakAzana meM unake dvArA kiyA gayA zrama sarAhanIya hai| ina sabake atirikta pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke nidezaka DaoN0 bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara evaM saMcAlakadvaya zrI bhUpendranAtha jI jaina evaM zrI indrabhUti barar3a aura vidyApITha parivAra ke sabhI sadasya bhI dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM jinake pratyakSa yA parokSa sahayoga se prastuta prakAzana ho rahA hai| zrutapaMcamI, 1999 DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina 82, naI sar3aka, zAjApura

Page #52
Our Important Publications 1. Studies in Jaina Philosophy - Dr. N. M. Tatia 2. Jaina Temples of Western India Dr. H. Singh 3. Jaina Epistemology I. C. Shastri 4. Concept of Panchasheel in Indian Thought Dr. K. Jain 5. Concept of Matter in Jaina Philosophy Dr.J. C. Sikdar 6. Jaina Theory of Reality Dr.J. C. Sikdar 7. Jaina Perspective in Philosophy & Religion Dr. R. Singh 8. Aspects of Jainology (Complete set: Volms. I to VII) 9. An Introduction to Jaina Sadhana Dr. Sagarmal Jain 10. Pearls of Jaina Wisdom Dulichand Jain 11. Scientific Contents In Prakrit Canons. Dr. N. L. Jain 12. The Path of Arhat T. U. Mehta 13. Jainism: the Oldest Living Religion Dr. Jyoti Pd. Jain 14. Doctrine of Karma in Jaina Philosophy Dr. H. Glasenapp 15. Aparigraha : the Humane Solution Dr. Kamla Jain 16. Jaina Monastic Jurisprudence Dr. S. B. Deo 17. Rishibhasita : a Study Dr. Sagarmal Jain 18. A Cultural History of Nisheeth Churni Dr. Madhu Sen 19. Political History of Northern India from Jaina Sources G. C. Chaudhari 20. Values of Human Life Dr. Jagadish Sahay Shrivastav 21. Jainism in Global Perspective Ed. S. M. Jain & S. P.Pandey 22. Jainism In India G. Lalvani 23. The Heritage of Last Arhat Dr. Charlotte Krause 24. Charlotte Krause: Her Life & Literature Ed. S. P. Pandey 25. Jaina Karmology Dr. N. L. Jain 26. Jaina Biology Dr. N. L. Jain 27. Studies in Jaina Art Dr. U. P. Shah Parswanatha Vidyapitha, Varanasi- 221005 (INDIA) www.jaine r g