Agama

Author(s): Namramuni, Gunvant Barvalia
Publisher: Global Jain Agam Mission
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/023168/1

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BHAGWAN MAHĀVĪRA'S PRECEPTS
12
ĀGAMA
AN INTRODUCTION
YUG DIWAKAR PUJYA GURUDEV
SHREE NAMRAMUNI M.S.
EDITOR
GUNVANT BARVALIA

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BHAGWAN MAHĀVĪRA'S PRECEPTS
ĀGAMA
AN INTRODUCTION
INSPIRED BY:
YUG DIWAKAR PUJYA GURUDEV
SHREE NAMRAMUNI M.S.

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BHAGWAN MAHAVIRA'S PRECEPTS
AGAMA. AN INTRODUCTION
INSPIRED BY Yug Diwakar Pujya Gurudev
Shree Namramuni M.S.
GUJARATI EDITION Published: Āgama Festival - Jan. 2012
ENGLISH EDITION Published: Āgama Festival - Oct.2012
EDITOR
Gunvant Barvalia
ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY Hita Ajmera, Hemal Doshi, Nandita Sheth, Samir Sheth, Swati Kamdar,
Vishal Parekh, Jayshri Doshi, Ami Damani, Girish Shah
PUBLISHED BY
Global Jain Aagam Mission Pawandham, Nisarg Marg, Mahavir Nagar, Kandivali (W), Mumbai - 400067. PHONE: 092233-14335 EMAIL: info@GoJinAgam.org / www.GoJinAgam.org
BOOKS AVAILABLE AT
PARASDHAM
Vallabh Baug lane Tilak Road, Ghatkoper (E) Mumbai-77. Ph. 022-32043232
APAWANDHAM
Mahavir Nagar, Kandivali (W) Mumbai-67. Ph. 022-32092277

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WITH BEST COMPLIMENTS
Shree Gujarati Swetambar Sthanakvasi Jain Sangh, Chennai
Gurubhakt Hitenbhai Bhogilal Kamdar and Family

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DREAM TO DESTINY INTRODUCTION TO ĀGAMAS ŚRĪĀCĀRĀNGA SŪTRA THE GUIDANCE FOR INNER JOURNEY: ŚRI SUYAGADĀNGA SŪTRA JAINISM: A JUDICIOUS DESCRIPTION ŚRĪ THĀNĀNGA SŪTRA KNOWLEDGE ON SUBJECTS OF THE WORLD ŚRĪ SAMAVĀYANGA SŪTRA AN INSIGHT INTO DIFFERENT SUBJECTS ŚRĪ BHAGAVATI SŪTRA GAUTAMA'S 36,000 QUESTIONS TO LORD MAHĀVĪRA ŚRĪ GNĀTĀDHARMAKATHĀ SŪTRA ANTHOLOGY OF SHORT STORIES ŚRĪ UPĀSAKDAŠĀNGA SŪTRA LIFE OF TEN MOST SPIRITUAL DEVOTEES ŚRĪ ANTAGADA SŪTRA THE JOURNEY FROM TOLERANCE TO SUCCESS
ŚRĪ ANUTTAROVAVAI SŪTRA
A DIVINE GLIMPSE OF SPIRITUAL PEOPLE

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ŚRĪ PRAŚNAVYĀKARAN SŪTRA
ATTAINING SUPERNATURAL POWERS
ŚRĪ VIPĀKA SŪTRA
KARMAS: CAUSE OF SUFFERING
TWELVE UPANGA SŪTRAS
ŚRĪ UVAVĀI SŪTRA
OUR KARMAS DECIDE OUR NEXT BIRTH
ŚRĪ RAIPASENIYA SŪTRA
ENLIGHTENED STATE OF A SPIRITUAL PERSON
ŚRĪ JĪVĀJĪVĀBHIGAMA SŪTRA
LIFE SCIENCES
ŚRĪ PANNAVANĀ SŪTRA
TREASURE OF KNOWLEDGE
ŚRĪ JAMBŪDVĪP PRAJÑAPTI SŪTRA
GEOGRAPHY ASTRONOMY AND HISTORY ŚRĪ CANDRA-SŪRYA PRAJÑAPTI SŪTRA
MATHEMATICS AND ASTROLOGY
NIRYAVALIKĀ PANCAM SET
(NIRYAVALIKA, KALPĀVATAMSIKA, PUṢPIKĀH, PUŞPACŪLIKĀH, VRSNIDAŠAH)
STORIES: PSYCHOLOGICAL VIEWPOINTS
FOUR FUNDAMENTAL SCRIPTURES
ŚRĪ DASAVAIKĀLIKA SŪTRA
PRIMER OF AN ASCETIC
ŚRĪ UTTARĀDHYAYANA SŪTRA
BHAGWAN MAHĀVĪRA'S FINAL DISCOURSE
ŚRĪ NANDI SŪTRA
DESCRIPTION OF RATIONAL KNOWLEDGE
THE SYSTEM OF ASSOCIATING MEANING
≈ ‡ ∞ = 2 + 3 ♪ ☹ ~ 88
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FOUR CHEDA SUTRAS ŚRĪ NISHITHA SŪTRA SOUL PURIFICATION THROUGH REPENTANCE ŚRĪ DAŚĀŠRUTSKANDHA SŪTRA DESCRIPTION OF RESTRAINT ŚRĪ BRUHATKALPA SŪTRA LIMITATIONS IN ASCETIC'S LIFE ŚRĪ VYAVAHĀRA SŪTRA A DIALOGUE BETWEEN YOGIS AND SHRAVAKS ŚRĪ ĀVAŚYAKA SŪTRA ESSENTIAL RITUALS TO ATTAIN SOUL PURIFICATION BEFORE YOU BEGIN STUDYING AGAMA ŚĀSTRAS. JAIN AGAMA IN CONTEXT TO SCIENCE
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NOTES
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DREAM TO DESTINY
Dreams visualized in our sleep vanish when we open our eyes. Whereas, if we
dream with eyes wide open and work towards realizing it, then we are destined to
achieve it.
Yug Diwakar Pujya Gurudev has visualized several dreams with eyes wide open, and his exceptional faith and tireless efforts has led to the establishment of Arham Yuva Group, Look 'n' Learn, Parasdham, Pawandham, Pavitradham and various other
missions. One of his dreams is to translate Lord Mahāvira's preachings, the Āgamas in
English.
It was in December 2011 at Parasdham - Ghatkopar that the Āgama scriptures were republished and then presented in a magnificent ceremony. As advised, these Agama scriptures were then distributed to several homes and individuals. These scriptures helped individuals understand their true identity and took them a step closer towards Parmatma.
This January 2012, Pawandham-Kandivali held an equally grand Āgama celebration. The English translation of the Āgama will help the youth of today in India and abroad learn and understand Lord Mahāvīra's preachings.
More than fifty learned intellectuals from different countries and cultures have supported Pujya Gurudev's mission of translating the Āgama's into English. In addition, the editing and publication activities of this enormous mission got the required guidance from the holy and divine monks and nuns of various religious sects.

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DREAM TO DESTINY
Pujya Gurudev's endeavor is to involve as many people as he can in this mission. People can contribute by means of sharing their knowledge, time, money to get this
mission ahead.
The compilations of translated Āgama scriptures will be distributed to various libraries, universities and Jain centers within our country and abroad. In addition, it
will be made available on the web and in form of eBooks on Kindle, books, DVDs, etc. This will facilitate easy "Search" of the Āgamas for different subject matter.
Let us join Pujya Gurudev in His mission to spread the preachings of Lord Mahāvīra
and hence turning His dream into reality.
GUNVANT BARVALIA
SERVICES & CONTRIBUTIONS
Do you wish to be a part of Pujya Gurudev Shree Namramuni's Agama translation
mission? If so, please contact: GLOBAL JAIN AAGAM MISSION
C/o Pawandham, Opp. BCCI Ground, Nisarg Road, Mahavir Nagar, Kandivali (W) Mumbai- 400067 (Maharashtra-India) Mr. Gunvant Barvalia, Tel: 098202-15542 (gunvant.barvalia@gmail.com) or Mr. Girish Shah, Tel: 092233-14335 (girish.shah@jainaagam.org)
A FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTION FOR THIS NOBLE CAUSE WILL BE HIGHLY
APPRECIATED
Contact: 099690-03333; 098200-38664, or Parasdham, Ghatkopar: 022-32043232, or
Pawandham, Kandivali: 022-32092277
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INTRODUCTION TO AGAMAS
Showering his infinite compassion, Lord Mahāvīra recited the Tripadi-UPPANEĪVĀ, VIGAMEĪVĀ and DHUVEĪVĀ. The disciples of the Lord then collectively scripted this in the form of Agama or divine messages for the common man to understand.
Historically, 980 years after Lord Mahāvīra attained nirvana (heavenly abode) after his Kewalgyan (enlightenment of the soul), Āchāraya Śrī Devardhigani felt that with the passage of time we may lose the teachings of Lord Mahāvīra due to deterioration of human memory. In an attempt to protect the divine legacy of Lord Mahāvīra, he called upon five hundred leading spiritual monks to transcribe from memory the preachings of Lord Mahāvīra into a readable format. This arduous task took them thirteen years.
Ancient Jain Monks have made many efforts to keep the Agamas intact and edited, researched, modified, and abridged the meanings of Agama to keep the divine knowledge abreast with times, hence making an immense contribution to humanity.
A heartfelt concern for the well-being of humanity and selfless feelings of compassion kept Lord Mahāvīra spiritually motivated to continue his preachings. As a result, not only Jain literature but also the spiritual heritage of the world received an invaluable gift.
In depth knowledge, study and research of Agamas remove the darkness of ignorance and lighten the flame of knowledge in our soul. One can call it as code of conduct of Jain philosophy.
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INTRODUCTION TO AGAMAS
The question is how one can be freed from sinful activity and cycle of karmas to reach the state of heavenly bliss (Moksha)?
The scriptures advise Ahimsa (non-violence) and a meritorious life as basic requisites for achieving these objectives. We can attain enlightenment even if we can absorb a small ray of light from the radiant treasure of the Agama.
The Agama is an invaluable source for setting the soul free from the karmic cycle by cleansing it from evil influences, as it mentions several processes of selfpurification.
The divine preachings of Lord Mahāvīra were well comprehended and scripted by the revered disciples. While blessing our life with immense bliss, they motivate a person to travel on the path of divinity and achieve enlightenment. Soul purification is the process of cleaning the accumulated karmic dust settled on the soul and liberating it from miseries of life. One is enabled to envision the real image of self when the karmic layers of dirt collected on the soul are cleared. One should have a pure and worthy soul to experience the realm of spirituality. He will then free himself from the cycle of life and death including worldly miseries.
Lord Mahāvīra has amazingly balanced the messages of Jain philosophy with other principles by scientifically analyzing matters connected to the study of Psychology, Biology and Environment Studies. Lord Mahāvīra has described these topics in detail as any renowned modern day scientist would.
Āgama means The Jain Tirthankara's discourse, a mapped path to attain salvation and liberate the soul. The Jain Agama is not only a unique treasure chest for enlightening the soul but also an incomparable archive of worldly wisdom.
The Agama is also an ocean of knowledge consisting of diversified areas related to Material Sciences, Biotechnology, Geography, History, Politics, Mathematics and Astrology.

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INTRODUCTION TO AGAMAS
Agama is a path to take mankind towards non-violence, restraint and penance.
A = Towards Soul, Gam = Moving, i.e. one which helps movement towards our soul
is Āgama.
Agama scriptures are core values of the Jain preception. The signature style of the Jain Agama is to display wisdom, reflection, and character as a trilogy, making them the base principles and benchmarks of religious paths. The principles, if followed closely in the true spirit can purify the soul.
When Gandhars, the revered disciples of Tirthankara Lord Mahāvīra, heard the Tripadi from the holy soul himself, the Dvādaśāngi monks created the scriptures that consists of the core 12 Anga Sūtras.
Dvādaśangi is referred as a supreme soul in Samvāyānga scripture. It existed in
the past, is here in the present and it will remain in the future. Dvādaśangi is a soul
forever, as it is inexhaustible and constant.
What is the meaning of Anuyoga? Anuyoga is derived from two words combined
together - Anu = Favour and Yog = Luck. It has five terminologies.
1. Planning is called Anuyog. Planned favour is summing up two words by way of
meaning and relationship.
2. Preaching of Purān (Holy Scriptures) is termed as Anuyoga.
3. To adjust, correspond and be compatible with meanings of the
religious scriptures is Anuyoga.
4. The relationship between formulae and meanings is Anuyoga.
5. Finding the right meaning or right example to explain to the disciples by means
of various solutions and sentences in an intelligent way is Anuyogā.
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There are four types of Anuyoga:
CARANKARANĀNUYOGA :
☐
Description related to character development, growth and security is called Carankaranǎnuyoga. Description regarding the action process of the monks is also called Carankaranānuyoga.
DHARMAKATHĀNUYOGA :
Non-violence, restraint and penance, religious stories, incidences of highly spiritual men and the preception of divine holy monks is also termed as Anuyoga of Dharmakathānuyoga.
GANĪTĀNUYOGA :
·
INTRODUCTION TO AGAMAS
·
If any subject is clarified using maths as a medium, then the Anuyog is termed as Ganitanuyoga. Medium of calculation used to calculate time or space is also a part of Ganitanuyoga.
DRAVYĀNUYOGA :
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Life related matters or the description of nine substances is termed as Dravyānuyoga.
The Agama comprises of eleven Anga Sutras, twelve Upanga, four Mool Sūtras, four Ched Sutras and one Avaşyaka totaling to thirty two Sūtras (scriptures). The twelfth Anga, Dhristiwāda Sūtra has been lost.
The Derawasi community has ten Prakarnik, Panchkalbhashya, Mahanishith and Pindniyukt Sūtras totaling to forty fives sūtras.
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ŚRĪ ĀCĀRĀNGA SUTRA
1ST ANGA SŪTRA
इमेण चेव जुज्झाहि, किं ते जुज्झेण बज्झओ ?
जुद्धारिहं खलु दुल्लहं । जहेत्थ कुसलेहिं परिण्णाविवेगे भासिए ।
IMEŅA CEVA JUJJHĀHI, KIM TE JUJJHEŅA BAJJHAO?
JUDDHĀRIHAM KHALU DULLAHAM | JAHETTHA KUSALEHIM PARIŅŅĀVIVEGE BHĀSIE |
Fight out the karmic enemies residing in the soul! What would you gain fighting with others? In fact it is difficult to even get weapons befitting a war against evil elements (vices-sins). The weapons needed to fight a war against spiritual enemies are mentioned by Lord Tirthankaras in the Jain Realm (śasana) they are Rational Knowledge, Rational preception and Rational Conduct.

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ŚRĪ ĀCĀRĀNGA SŪTRA
1ST ANGA SŪTRA
GUIDANCE TO INNER JOURNEY: FROM SOUL TO SUPREME SOUL
The Āgamas unveil the secrets and doctrines of the omniscient, Lord Mahāvīra. Śrī Ācārānga Sūtra is the first Āgama that illustrates the path to attain freedom from misery and pain by following a peaceful lifestyle that leads us towards spirituality. Lord Mahāvīra had spent twelve and a half years in deep meditation and gained complete control over all his senses like mind, body and speech, thus attaining enlightenment. The knowledge that he experienced during the course of his meditation are illustrated in the Ācārānga Sūtra.
The first sermon delivered by Lord Mahāvīra for the welfare of the people, after enlightenment was through the Ācārānga Sūtra. There is an in depth description about how the soul is a different entity from the physical body. This book is highly recommended for those who want in-depth study about the soul. This Sūtra provides guidance on how the human nature leads us to worldly life, and how to free ourselves from this bond.
The Ācārānga Sūtra has nine divisions. It gives an insight on how to detach from the worldly life, become an ascetic and about the life of an ascetic. By reading the Ācārānga Sūtra, we get inspired to awaken our inner-self. The Ācārānga

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SRI ACARANGA SUTRA
Sūtra is the first sermon given by Lord Mahāvīra and is the root or foundation to
omniscience.
Without introspection of the soul, all the other kinds of awareness are futile.
Therefore, it is essential for all spiritual seekers to study the Ācārănga Sutra
thoroughly.
The ultimate aim of the soul which is to realize itself is known as ĀCĀRĀNGA. ĀCĀRĀNGA is the pillar on which resides a sādhu or sādhvi. It gives a narration
about the conduct and behavior of a sādhu (monk). How one conducts oneself is
known as behavior and to observe the rules of conduct is ĀCĀRĀNGA.
Scientists have proven that plants have life. In the Ācārānga Sūtra, Lord Mahāvīra has proved that not only plants but also earth, water, fire, air have life.
The sensation of water is similar to the sensations of plants. The sense of touch
that humans have is similar to that possessed by water and the earth. The size of a mountain changes because the earth is living. Geologists have proved that the height of mountains vary from time to time. An article on "Mountains that grow" in the magazine FORNET describes the factors responsible for the external and the internal growth of mountains. It is a proven fact that only living beings
can grow.
People are content when they have all the luxuries, but the happiness and contentment that comes without possessing these luxuries gives supreme bliss to our soul. The Lord has stated that 'Comforts give us pleasure, but the pleasure derived from spirituality is incomparable.'

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ŚRĪ SUYAGADĀNGA SŪTRA
2ND ANGA SUTRA
एवं खु णाणिणो सारं, जंण हिंसइ किंचणं । अहिंसा समयं चेव, एतावत वियाणिया ॥
EVAM KHU NANINO SARAM, JAM NA HIMSAI KIMCANAM |
AHIMSĀ SAMAYAM CEVA ETĀVAMTAM VIYĀŅIYA |
The moral to be learnt by the highly modest people is non-violence – not to kill or harm any living being. We should understand the principle of Ahimsā (nonviolence) and thus have the feeling of equality towards all living beings.

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ŚRĪ SUYAGADANGA SUTRA
2ND ANGA SŪTRA
JAINISM: A JUDICIOUS DESCRIPTION
After self-awareness when a person is on the path to purification, his soul is entangled with many different philosophies of the world. 'After self-introspection, what kind of efforts do I have to make to attain spirituality?' This question gives rise to much contemplation on various preceptions and philosophies and many kinds of beliefs arise about this topic. When he contemplates on this question, he witnesses the different beliefs of the world and this is when he is entwined with numerous questions that arise from within, "What should I do?" In such critical moments, Lord Mahāvīra provides a solution with a beneficial view point. Śrī Suyagadanga Sūtra consists of Lord Mahāvīra's complete description and perfect guidance on purification of the soul.
What makes Jain Philosophy distinct from the other philosophies of the world? How and why the Jain philosophy is different is illustrated in the ŚRĪ SUYAGADANG SŪTRA. It explains the importance of Jain Philosophy. The extraordinary virtues of Lord Mahāvīra are portrayed. The painful and torturous life that one has to suffer in hell due to non-meritorious deeds is well described. For many meditative souls or those who want to reach the depths of Jainology the Suyagadang Sutra focuses on various stages of salvation so that a soul that uplifts itself in a total meditative
state does not get confused by various other existing philosophies.
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SRI SUYAGADANGA SUTRA
It gives us a descriptive example of Ardra Kumar and how his future was prophesized. It states that though Ardra Kumar renounced the world, he had sins bound to his soul due to which he had to enjoy worldly pleasures (sansarik life) for twelve and a half years. This truly happened to him.
Lord Mahāvīra has stated that logically, Moksha (emancipation) cannot be attained by taking a holy dip in the Ganges. If this was true then all the fish in the Ganga would be liberated. Bathing in the Ganga is only a practice of external cleansing, not inner purification. Outer cleansing is only a secondary act. Inner purification is far more superior and important in order to accomplish salvation.
Lord Mahāvīra has explained in detail that a monk should listen and accept any true advice given to him irrespective of who it is given by, be the cleaner or helper.
Typecasting people into different classes, states and forms is not a sign of intellectuality or spirituality. In his preachings, we can see Lord Mahāvīra as a social well-wisher and a social person well-versed in scriptures and philosophy.
SALUTATION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF SHASTRA
I bow to you with gratitude,
O knowledge of hearing,
(Scriptural knowledge)
I wish you bear complete fruit in me,
You lit the light of the path of liberation,
I am indebted to you and only your presence
Will make me complete.
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ŚRĪ THĀNĀNGA SŪTRA
3RD ANGA SUTRA
दस णक्खत्ता णाणस्स वुड्ढिकरा पण्णत्ता, तं जहामिगसिरमद्दा पुस्सो, तिण्णि य पुव्वाई मूलमस्सेसा । हत्थो चित्ता य तहा, दस वुड्डिकराई णाणस्स
DASA NAKKHATTĀ NĀNASSA VUDDHIKARĀ PANNATTA, TAM JAHĀMIGASIRAMADDVA PUSSO, TINNI YA PUVVĀIM MŪLAMASSESĀ | HATTHO CHITTA YA TAHA, DASA VUDDHIKARĀIM NŅĀṆASSA
The ten constellations that help to broaden our knowledge are listed as 1) Mrugshirsh (fifth lunar constellation) 2) Aadra 3) Pushya 4) Purva Aashada 5) Purva Bhadrapada 6) Purva Falguni 7) Mool 8) Ashlesha 9 ) Hast 10) Chitra.
It is evident from this Sūtra that one of the reasons that increase one's intellectual power are the stars. The stars orbit around in the universe with their own speeds. There are twenty-eight constellations. The speed of the stars is slightly greater than that of the moon, therefore they travel in line with the moon for a while and then move past it. Thus in the span of 1 month all the constellations have had their turn to be in line with the moon and then move ahead of it. The
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SRI THANANGA SÜTRA
time that each constellation is in line with the moon has its own importance.
Hence, the time period during which the above stated ten constellations are in line with the moon, is most auspicious to start learning something new and is beneficial for enhancing the intellectual power. The radiations from the stars have an effect on the brain. One should seek education in the open air or on the
rooftop, during the time when these stars are in position with the moon.

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ŚRĪ THĀNĀNGA SUTRA
3RD ANGA SŪTRA
AN ENCYCLOPEDIA ON NUMERICAL KNOWLEDGE OF SUBJECTS OF THE WORLD
Lord Mahāvīra was aware of the different interests of the people. He has therefore, unfolded the essence of different subjects like Arithmetic, History, Geography, Psychology, Economics, Social Studies, Environmental Science etc. People who want to study Astrology, Life Sciences and those who strive to know the various realities of the world, should refer to the first ten chapters of Thānānga Sūtra. Various topics on Mathematics are covered in this book. They are illustrated in such a way that it is easy to read and memorize them. Many other smaller subjects are also discussed.
The tenth chapter has an in depth description of ten different national preceptions. It consists of some useful information for those enthusiastic students
who are studying preception.
Expanded information on, the procedure of getting rain, the amount of water in each river, and also Bhagwan's prophecy that the Ganga will have only as much water that submerges half the wheel of a bullock cart in the sixth era are enclosed
in the book.

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SRI THANANGA SUTRA
It teaches us the three ways on how to protect the soul. It explains that if we end up in controversy with someone, first we should try and explain, then if the controversy is still on, it is better to keep quiet and finally if that does not help, we should leave that place. The scientific principle behind this is that the heat generated by the friction reduces with distance; therefore, the intensity of the storm will reduce. This is proven by the scientists.
Some of the reasons for earthquakes are explained as follows:
1. When the tectonic plates under the earth shift, they create pressure that causes earthquakes.
2. The movement caused by very long reptiles like pythons causes earthquakes.
This is an interesting subject for geologists to research.
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ŚRĪ SAMĀVĀYANGA SŪTRA
4TH ANGA SŪTRA
अट्ठ मयट्ठाणा पण्णत्ता तं जहा - जाइमए कुलमए बलमए रुवमए तवमए सुयमए लाभमए
इस्सरियमए ।
AȚTHA MAYATTHĀŅĀ PAŅŅATTĀ TAM JAHĀJĀIMAE KULAMAE BALAMAE RUVAMAE TAVAMAE SUYAMAE LĀBHMAE
ESSARIYAMAE
Madhsthaan means the state acquired by us due to our arrogance or ego. There are eight categories of arrogance, they are:
1. Jaatimadh - Racial pride 2. Kulmadh - A feeling of superiority because of genes or clan. 3. Balmadh - Ego due to the strength, stamina and vitality. 4. Roopmadh - Arrogance related to complexion, vanity, beauty 5. Tapmadh - Ego caused due to one's ability for penance and austerity. 6. Shrutmadh - Ego of knowledge, excellence in activities and creativity 7. Laabhmadh - Arrogance due to the possession of wealth 8. Aishwaryamadh - Ego due to status, power, fame.

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ŚRĪ SAMĀVĀYANGA SŪTRA
4TH ANGA SŪTRA
AN INSIGHT INTO DIFFERENT SUBJECTS
The Samvāyānga Sūtra is the fourth compilation of Lord Mahāvīra's divine doctrines. Various subjects with deep insight are discussed in this compilation. It highlights the method by which controversial topics can be dealt systematically. Guidelines
on how to stay in a balanced state of mind in any kind of situation are listed. It is an
informative compilation of many topics concerning the material world.
Lord Mahāvīra believed that hair is the root cause of moral deterioration and therefore has specified the time to abate such kind of decline. In a scientific way, the length of hair that is appropriate is also discussed. We should show our gratitude
to this great compilation as it enlightens us on so many different topics and clears
our doubts on various subjects.
The life of our 19th Tirthankara is narrated. It describes his journey from the time he was in power to the time he renounced the world. Science proves that there exists only one sun and one moon but Lord has said that are two suns and two moons in this universe. He has explained that we view the first sun on one day, and the second sun on the following day. Therefore their appearance is seen by us on every alternate day. This has been a very challenging topic of research for scientists. The Samvāyānga Sūtra is necessary read for all enthusiastic scientists in this field of research.

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SRĪ BHAGAVATI SŪTRA
5TH ANGA SŪTRA
तहारूवं णं भंते ! समणं वा माहणं वा पज्जुवासमाणस्स
किं फला पज्जुवासणा? गोयमा! सवणफला ।
TAHĀRŪVAM NAM BHAMTE | SAMAŅAM VĀ MĀHAŅAM VĀ PAJJUVÄSAMĀŅASSA KIM PHALĀ PAJJUVĀSAŅĀ ?
GOYAMĀ | SAVAŅAPHALĀ ||
Q: O Lord! How do we benefit by worshipping and serving a Jain monk? A: Dear Gautama! By worshipping and serving a Jain monk, one benefits by getting to hear his doctrines, adopt good virtues and acquire systematic spiritual knowledge.
से णं भंते ! सवणे किं फले? णाणफले ।
SE NAM BHAMTE | SAVANE KIM PHALE? NANAPHALE |
Q: O Lord! How does one benefit by hearing spiritual discourses and doctrines?
A: Dear Gautama! By listening to discourses, the intellectual power increases.

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SRI BHAGAVATI SUTRA
से णं भंते ! णाणे किं फले ? विण्णाणफले ।
SE NAM BHAMTE ŅĀŅE KIM PHALE ? VIŅŅĀŅAPHALE
Q: O Lord! What is the fruit of attaining intellectual power? A: Dear Gautama! The fruit of knowledge is science. With awareness, we can discriminate between contemptible and acceptable nature of things.
से णं भंते! विण्णाणे कि फले? पच्चक्खाणफले ।
SE ŅAM BHAŅTE VIŅŅĀŅE KIM PHALE ? PACCAKKHĀŅAPHALE !
Q: O Lord! What is the use of scientific knowledge?. A: Dear Gautama! Scientific knowledge clears our preception about things and therefore, we can renounce things that are contemptible, through avowed commitments.
से णं भंते ! पच्चक्खाणे किं फले ? संजमफले ।
SE NAM BHAMTE | PACCAKKHĀŅE KIŅI PHALE? SAMJAMAPHALE |
Q: O Lord! What is the advantage of avowedness? A: Dear Gautam! With avowedness, we become aware and cautious about seventeen kinds of restraints towards immobile and mobile living beings. This insight leads to the control over the five senses and mind and renunciation of all sinful acts through restraint.

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SRI BHAGAVATI SUTRA
से णं भंते! संजमे किं फले ? अणण्यफले ।
SE NAM BHAMTE SAMJAME KIM PHALE? ANANHAYAPHALE |
Q: O Lord! What according to you is the benefit of our restraints over our five senses and mind.
A: Dear Gautama! By controlling the five senses and mind one blocks the path of influx of new sins. Hence, we do not bind new karmas to our souls.
से णं भंते ! अणण्हए किं फले ? तवफले ।
SE NAM BHAMTE | ANANHAE KIM PHALE? TAVAPHALE |
Q: O Lord! What is the advantage of not binding new karmas?
A: Dear Gautama! By avoiding the bondage of new karmas, one can progress on
the path of penance and religious austerity.
से णं भंते! तवे किं फले ? वोदाणफले ।
SE NAM BHAMTE TAVE KIM PHALE? VODĀṆAPHALE |
Q: O Lord! Please explain the fruits of religious austerity?
A: Dear Gautama! The practice of penance and religious austerity enables us to
end our karmas.
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SRI BHAGAVATI SUTRA
से णं भंते ! वोदाणे किं फले ? अकिरियाफले ।
SE NAM BHAMTE | VODĂNE KIM PHALE ? AKIRIYĀPHALE |
Q: O Lord! Please explain the benefits of ending our karmas?
A: Dear Gautama! Shedding of karmas leads to a state of tranquility.
से णं भंते ! अकिरिया किं फला? सिद्धिपज्जवसाणफला पण्णत्ता गोयमा ! सवणे णाणे य विण्णाणे, पच्चक्खाणे य संजमे । अणण्हए तवे चेव, वोदाणे अकिरिया सिद्धि ||
SE NAM BHAMTE | AKIRIYĀ KIM PHALĀ ?
SIDDHIPAJJAVASĀṆAPHALĀ PAŅṆATTĀ GOYAMĀ | SAVANE ṆĀNE YA VIŅŅĀŅE, PACCAKKHANE YA SAMJAME ANANHAE TAVE CEVA, VODĂNE AKIRIYĀ SIDDHI |
Q: O Lord! What is the benefit of attaining tranquility ? A: Dear Gautama! Tranquility leads to self realization (liberation).
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SRI BHAGAVATI SŪTRA
5TH ANGA SŪTRA
GAUTAMA'S 36,000 QUESTIONS TO LORD MAHĀVĪRA
The Bhagvati Sūtra is the fifth Anga Sūtra containing the doctrines of Lord Mahāvīra. It is a narration of Gautama, a Brahmin scholar, who on his first visit to Lord Mahāvīra was overshadowed by Lord's omniscience. He surrendered himself with all humility to Lord Mahāvīra and served the Lord. Gautama was twelve years older to Mahāvīra, yet he bowed down at His lotus feet and attained the status of a Ganadhar. The credit of compiling the doctrines of Lord Mahāvīra into scriptures goes to him.
Gautama and other spiritual seekers had asked Lord Mahāvīra 36,000 questions. Lord Mahāvīra answered them keeping in mind the welfare of mankind. These question and answer sessions are compiled in this volume. Lord Mahāvīra has explained many universal topics. It illustrates the difficulties the Lord had to face and the way he overcame the trials and tribulations in a calm and composed manner.
Like a scientist, the Lord has explained the theory of atoms and molecules. He has also illustrated the life of an ascetic. The story of Lord Mahāvīra's sonin-law Jamali and his first disciple Gaushalak are narrated in this scripture. The clarification that no God or Goddess could possess someone's body, but they have powers to rule over and control someone else's body, is mentioned here. Reading this Holy scriptures is very beneficial to the soul.
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SRI BHAGAVATI SUTRA
Can we completely read and understand the scriptures by ourselves? Probably
one may not complete them, and even if completed, the satisfaction of reading
is not experienced.
The Bhagvati Sūtra is a divine compilation, in which Monks can decipher every verse. It provides a new insight into various topics. The Sūtra offers queries related to the sun, moon, Jain philosophy, many questions related to geography as well. In short, the Bhagvati Sūtra is a treasure of philosophy and is very auspicious. The Āgama contains information on probably all universal subjects.
The Bhagvati Sūtra is an inexpressible creation. Our life will truly be worth living, if we abide by the principles and advice that are decoded in this book.
The life spans of many objects are mentioned. For example, the clouds live for a period of six months by which they either disintegrate or fall as rain. The
reproductive cycle of animals is for a period of eight years and that of humans is
to a maximum of twelve years.
A running horse produces a peculiar sound. Where does this sound come
from? A gas called "karkat" is produced between the heart and the liver. When a horse runs, a gas is released and thus, the peculiar sound. From this, it is evident that Lord knew every aspect about the physical structure and nature of animals.
All the previous Tirthankaras wore colored clothes. Lord Mahāvīra brought
about a transformation in the dress code to white. He instructed all his disciples
also to wear white thereafter. The heat absorbed by the color white is less
compared to that by other colors. He was conscious about the global warming and
the rising temperatures. Therefore 2500 years ago Lord Mahāvīra had forecasted the climatic conditions. His knowledge was deep.

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SRI BHAGAVATI SUTRA
The cause behind incidents and events that occur in the life of a common person are highlighted. The series of questions asked by Gautama to Lord Mahāvīra and their answers are priceless to those who seek true knowledge. By reading the Bhagvati Sūtra, the aims and objectives of life become clear and one can experience tremendous progress in their spiritual awareness. Just as a mother plays a very important role in a child's life, similarly the Bhagvati Sūtra is a boon for all spiritual seekers.
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ŚRĪ GNĀTĀDHARMAKATHA SUTRA
6TH ANGA SŪTRA
महुरेहिं णिउणेहिं, वयणेहिं चोययति आयरिया । सीसे कहिंचि खलिए, जह मेहमुणिं महावीरो
MAHUREHIM ŅIUŅEHIM, VAYAŅEHIM COYAYAMTI ĀYARIYĀ| SĪSE
KAHIMCI KHALIE JAHA MEHAMUŅIM MAHĀVĪRO
Lord Mahāvīra helped Meghmuni to attain the state of tranquility. In the same manner, if worldly thoughts distract any disciple, it is the duty of the preceptor or Ācārya to motivate him with appropriate advice, thus getting him back onto the
path of tranquility.

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ŚRĪ GNĀTĀDHARMAKATHA SŪTRA
6TH ANGA SŪTRA
ANTHOLOGY OF SHORT STORIES INSPRING PUBLIC TOWARDS
RATIONAL PRECEPTION AND CONDUCT
The Gnātādharmkathā Sūtra is an anthology of short stories that can be understood by the common man. They are educative and help illuminate the inner self. Lord Mahāvīra was aware of the various aspects and interests of the common man. Accordingly, he conveyed moral values through various short stories. They inspire the reader to follow the path of spirituality and purification.
During the time of Lord Mahāvīra, there were three billion short stories on moral values. However, at present there are only nineteen stories based on real life incidents, which teach us the art of living. They comprise stories of great men that inspire people to practice spirituality and attain steadiness on the path to
self-realization.
It highlights the various aspects of the art of living. The stories preach social behavior, the importance of positive thinking, care for the elders, respect for our seniors, the way adults should deal with children and many other similar subjects. The Gnātādharmakathā Sūtra educates us on how success can be achieved by using our intellect. It guides how a creative person can progress positively. Demonstrations on how to convert pain and misery into happiness

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SRI GNATADHARMAKATHA SUTRA
are also mentioned. Lord Mahāvīra has portrayed the bitter truth through many
short stories that tell us that desire leads to destruction.
The Gnātādharmakathā Sūtra is one of the best literary books available. It includes the concepts of town planning, construction of houses and vaastu shastra. This Sūtra is a must read for those who wish to pursue town planning, vaastu shastra, art of living, counseling etc.
The lifestyle of people portrayed in the Gnātādharmkathā Sūtra is a very useful medium for the present generation to mould themselves positively. It is the best Āgama on moral education. It has unfolded many psychological mysteries.
Shree Krishna, on the way to the battlefield said with complete confidence, that he would emerge victorious. This proved to be true. This is an example of positive thinking. In another example - two friends find peacock eggs. They get into a controversy with regard to the eggs. The first friend is positive and feels a beautiful chick will hatch. To his surprise, this turned out to be true. The second friend was a negative person, so a dead chick was born from his egg.
It is human psychology, a man tends to do something that is not permitted or is banned. This is illustrated through the story of Jinpaal and Jinrakshita. Meghkumar's story shows us that when we compare our past miseries or those of others to our present miseries, then our present miseries will seem smaller
than the past ones.
SCIENCE PROVES CONCEPTS BY EXPERIMENTS, BUT THE VIRTUOUS PROVE THEM BY WISDOM.

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ŚRĪ UPĂSAKDAŠĀNGA SUTRA
7TH ANGA SŪTRA
सद्दहामि णं भंते! णिग्गंथं पावयणं, पत्तियामि णं भंते! णिग्गंथं पावयणं,रोएमि णं, भते! णिग्गंथं पावयणं, एवमेयं
भंते! तहमेय भंते! अवितहमेयं भंते! इच्छियमेयं भंते! पडिच्छियमेयं भंत! इच्छिय - पडिच्छियमेयं भते! से जहेयं तुब्भे वयह त्ति कटु, जहा णं देवाणुप्पियाणं अंतिए बहवे
राईसर-तलवर-मांडबिय-कोडुबिय-सेट्ठि-सेणावईसत्थवाहप्पभिइया मुंडे भवित्ता अगाराओ अणगारियं पव्वइया, णो खलु अहं तहा संचाएमि मुंडे भवित्ता
अगाराओ अणगारियं पव्वइत्तए। अहं णं देवाणु प्पियाणं अंतिए पंचाणुव्वइयं सत्त-सिक्खावइयं दु वालसविहं गिहिधम्म पडिवज्जिस्सामि। अहासुहं
देवाणुप्पिया! मा पडिबंध करेह।

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ŚRI UPASAKDASANGA SUTRA
SADDAHĀMI NAM BHAMTE NIGGAMTHAM, PĀVAYAŅAM, PATTIYĀMI ŅAM BHAMTE NIGGAMTHAM, PĀVAYAŅAM, ROYEMIŅAM BHAMTE I ŅIGGAMTHAM, PĀVAYAŅAM, EVAMEYAM BHAMTE | TAHAMEYA BHAMTE| AVITAHAMEYAM BHAMTE ICCHIYAMEYAM BHAMTE | PADICCHIYAMEYAM BHAMTE | ICCHIYA- | PADIICCHIYAMEYAM BHAMTE SE JAHEYAM TUBBHE VAYAHA TTI KATTU, JAHĀ ŅAM DEVĀŅUPPIYĀŅAM AŅTIE BAHAVE RĀĪSARA-TALAVARA- MĀMDABIYAKODUMBIYA-SEȚTHI-SEŅĀVAT-SATTHAVĀHAPPA BHIIYĀ MUMDE BHAVITTĀ AGĀRÃO AŅAGĀRIYAM PAVVAIYĀ, ŅO KHALU AHAM TAHĀ SAMCĀEMI MUMDE BHAVITTĀ AGĀRĀO AŅAGĀRIYAM PAVVAITTAE | AHAM NAM DEVĀŅUPPIYĀŅAM AMTIE PAMCĀŅUVVAIYAM SATTA-SIKKHĀVAIYAM DUVĀLASAVIHAM GIHIDHAMMAM PADIVAJJISSĀMI | AHĀSUHAM
DEVĀŅUPPIYĀMĀ PADIBAMDHAM KAREHA |
O Lord! I believe and have faith in the nirgrantha's (unattached) discourses.
These discourses are genuine, true, desired, intended and accepted just as you
have revealed them.
O Devanupriya! Many kings, supreme lords, people with families, great merchants, commanders-in-chief, caravan leaders etc. have accepted the monastic life by shaving their head and renouncing their worldly life. However, I am not capable of giving up my household duties, shaving my head and accepting the life of a homeless ascetic. Hence, I would like to take the five anuvrats, seven
shikshavrats, i.e. the twelve vows of a shravak (spiritual seeker) from you. The
Lord replied to Anand, "O Devanupriya! Do as you please but do not delay."

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ŚRĪ UPĀSAKDAŠĀNGA SŪTRA
7TH ANGA SŪTRA
LIFE OF TEN MOST SPIRITUAL DEVOTEES
This Agama describes the life of Lord Mahāvīra's ten most spiritual shravaks (devotees). A person seeking spirituality can follow two paths:
1. The path of performing sadhana (meditation and penance) while living in
this world or
2. Renouncing the world and accepting the life of an ascetic.
How can one perform sadhana and still live a worldly life is described in this Āgama. Lord Mahāvīra's followers are strong believers and lovers of this preception and have deep faith in the Jain preception.
It is a great guide for businesspersons as it explains the types of business a devotee should do, methods of investment, the kinds of investment that are appropriate, the right modes of income and the appropriate use of income are explained in this Sūtra.
In this Āgama, Lord Mahāvīra has also described the duties of a cattle rearer, as most of His followers had twenty to twenty five thousand cows. The Lord has also mentioned that a cow is a symbol of good wealth.
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SRI UPASAKDASANGA SUTRA
This Sūtra instructs us that where there is modesty there is no evil income.
Lord Mahāvira has described the importance and position of a wife, mother and children in the life of a seeker and the types of vanprasth ashram.
The chapters of Upāsakdaśāng Sūtra are beneficial to those who want to follow the worldly life while following Lord Mahāvīra's preception for the upliftment of their soul. Upāsakdaśāng Sūtra reveals how Lord Mahāvīra has described the life of his shravaks and given them a place in his heart.

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ŚRĪ ANTAGADA SUTRA
8TH ANGA SŪTRA
कण्हाइ ! अरहा अरिट्ठणेमी कण्हं वासुदेवं एवं वयासी __- मा णं तुम देवाणुप्पिया ! ओहयमणसंकप्पे जाव झियाह। एवं खलु तुम देवाणुप्पिया! तच्चाओ पुढवीओ उज्जलियाओ णरयाओ अणंतरं उव्वट्टित्ता इहेव जंबु द्दीवे दीवे भारहे वासे आगमेसाए उस्सप्पिणीए पुंडेसु जणवएसु सयदुवारे णयरे बारसमे अममे णामं अरहा भविस्ससि। तत्थ तुम बहूई वासाइं केवलिपरियागं पाउणेत्ता सिज्झिहिसि बुज्झिहिसि मुच्चिहिसि परिणिव्वाहिसि सव्वदुक्खाणं अंतं काहिसि।
KAŅHĀI ! ARAHĀ ARITTHAŅEMT KAŅHAM VĀSUDEVAM EVAM VAYĀSĪ
- MĀŅAM TUMAM DEVĀŅUPPIYĀ | OHAYAMAŅASAMKAPPE JĀVA JHIYĀHA ! EVAM KHALU TUMAM DEVĀŅUPPIYA | TACCÃO PUDHAVIO UJJALIYĀO WARAYĀO AŅAMTARAM UVVATTITTA IHEVA JAMBUDDĪVE

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SRI ANTAGADA SUTRA
DĪVE BHĀRAHE VĀSE ĀGAMESĀE USSAPPIŅIE PUMDESU JAŅAVAESU SAYADUVĀRE ŅAYARE BĀRASAME AMAME ŅĀMAM ARAHĀ BHAVISSASI
| TATTHA TUMAM BAHŪIM VĀSĀIM KEVALIPARIYĀGAM PĀUŅETTA SIJUHIHISI BUJJHIHISI MUCCIHISI PARIŅIVVĀHISI SAVVADUKKHĀŅAM
AMTAM KĀHISI
Giving further explanation, the Lord thus spoke - 'O Devanupriya! Do not be upset. It is destined that in the future Utsarpinikaal, you will come out of the third hell and become the twelfth Tirthankara called 'Amam', in the Pundrajanpad's
town Shatdwar. You will follow the norms of a Kevali, become Siddhā, and attain
self-realization.
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ŚRĪ ANTAGADA SŪTRA
8TH ANGA SŪTRA
THE JOURNEY FROM TOLERANCE TO SUCCESS
Śri Antagada Sūtra is the eight Anga Sūtra of Lord Mahāvira's preachings. Before and during Lord Mahāvīra's time, many devotees performed Sadhana and attained self-realization and liberation.
Antagada Sūtra gives a special description on the state of mind, thoughts and
efforts of spiritual seekers who have reached the highest level of self-purification. A devotee must constantly strive hard not to give up on his efforts and hopes to reach the highest level of Sadhana until the end of his life. .
Another distinctive talk cited here is about Sudarshan shravak. He was
engrossed in reciting the mantra 'Namo Jinnanam Jiyabhayannam' when weapons
weighing tonnes of kilograms were hurled at him. The power of this mantra kept Sudarshan shravak shielded from any kind of hurt. Scientifically, it can be said that some invisible energy blocked the tangible objects. An imperceptible force of protection was formed around him.
The same principle worked when Goshalak threw Tejoleshaya (bright aura) at
Lord Mahāvīra. The Tejoleśya could not penetrate through the circle of protection
around Lord Mahāvīra and thus, bounced back. Burning pieces of coal were piled on Gajsukumar's head, but he did not react to that pain!

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SRI ANTAGADA SUTRA
When monks pluck hair from their head, the pain is only while plucking the first few locks, later the pain subsides. This implies that some chemical, which works like an anesthetic is produced in the body, which can increase our tolerance and reduce the suffering. How and why this chemical is produced and their effect is a topic of research.
We bow to all the kevalis mentioned in this Sūtra who have attained this high
level of tolerance.
A sinful person, upon repentance can also perform Sadhana, take refuge in
preception and attain self-realization. This is depicted in this Sūtra with the
example of Arjunmali.
Lord Mahāvīra through this Sūtra shows us the path of attaining liberation. To achieve it one should possess the virtues of tolerance and patience. This is portrayed by articulating about various princes who left their luxuries, accepted the hard life and sufferings, renounced the world and performed Sadhana to attain the ultimate goal.
Śri Antagada Sūtra is a scripture that contains many stories, each one revealing a different value of life. Also, mentioned in the Sūtra is the role of the elders in those days, the respect given to them, the arrangement of marriage etc.
Śrī Antagad Sūtra is helpful to those devotees who want to incorporate preception in their worldly life and progress spiritually.

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ŚRĪ ANUTTAROVAVAI SŪTRA
9TH ANGA SŪTRA
तए णं से सेणिए राया समणस्स भगवओ महावीरस्स
अंतिए एयमढे सोच्चा णिसम्म हट्ठ तुढे समणं भगवं महावीरं तिक्खुत्तो आयाहिणं पयाहिणं करेइ, करित्ता, वंदइ णमंसइ वंदित्ता णमंसित्ता जेणेव धण्णे अणगारे
तेणेव उवागच्छइ उवागच्छित्ता धण्णं अणगारं तिक्खुत्तो आयाहिणं पयाहिणं करेइ करित्ता वंदइ
णमंसइ वंदित्ता णमंसित्ता एवं वयासी
TAEŅAM SE SEŅIE RĀVĀ SAMAŅASSA BHAGAVAO MAHĀVĪRASSA AMTIE EYAMATTHAM SOCCĂ NISAMMA HATTHA TUTTHE SAMAŅAM BHAGAVAM MAHĀVĪRAM TIKKHUTTO ĀYAHIŅAM PAYĀHIŅAM KAREI, KARITTĀ, VAMDAI
ŅAMAMSAI VAMDITTĀ ŅAMAMSITTĀ JEŅEVA DHAŅŅAE AŅAGĀRAE TEŅEVA UVĀGACCHAI UVĀGACCHITTA DHAŅŅAM AŅAGĀRAM TIKKHUTTO AYAHIŅAM PAYAHIŅAM KAREI, KARITTĀ, VAMDAI NAMAMSAI VAMDITTĀ
ŅAMAMSITTĀ EVAM VAYASĪ –

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SRI ANUTTAROVAVAI SUTRA
धण्णे सि णं तुम देवाणुप्पिया ! सुपुण्णे सिणं तु मं देवाणुप्पिया, सुकयत्थे सि णं तुम देवाणुप्पिया, कयलक्खणे सि णं तुम देवाणुप्पिया, सुलद्धे णं देवाणु प्पिया तव माणुस्सए जम्मजीवियफले त्ति कटु वंदइ णमंसइ, वंदित्ता णमंसित्ता जेणेव समणे भगवं महावीरे तेणेव उवागच्छइ उवागच्छित्ता समणं भगवं महावीर तिक्खुत्तो आयाहिणं पयाहिणं करेइ करित्ता वंदइ णमंसइ वंदित्ता णमंसित्ता जामेव दिसं पाउब्भूए, तामेव
दिसं पडिगए।
DHAŅŅE SI ŅAM TUMAM DEVĀŅUPPIYĀ! SUPUŅŅE SI ŅAM TUMAM DEVĀŅUPPIYĀ, SUKAYATTHE SI ŅAM TUMAM DEVĀŅUPPIYĀ,
KAYALAKKHAŅE SI ŅAM TUMAM DEVĀŅUPPIYĀ, SULADDHE NAM DEVĀŅUPPIYĀ TAVA MĀŅUSSAE JAMMAJĪVIYAPHALE TTI KAȚTU VAMDAI
ŅAMAMSAI VAMDITTĀ NAMAMSITTĀ JEŅEVA SAMAŅE BHAGAVAM MAHĀVĪRE TEŅEVA UVĀGACCHAI UVĀGACCHITTÄ SAMAŅAM BHAGAVAM
MAHĀVĪRAM TIKKHUTTO AYĀHIŅAM PAYĀHIŅAM KAREI KARITTĀ VAMDAI NAMAMSAI VAMDITTĀ NAMAMSITTĀ JĀMEVA DISAM PĀUBBHUE,
TĀMEVA DISAM PADIGAE
There after King Shrenik, on hearing Lord Mahavira's interpretation pondered
over it and felt satisfied and happy. He performed three pradakshinas (salutary

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SRI ANUTTAROVAVAI SUTRA
circling) of Lord Mahāvīra, bowed to him and went to Dhanna Anagaar. He showed respect by bowing down three times to Dhanna Anagaar and said as under: 'O Devanupriya!' You are virtuous, meritorious and fortunate to have attained your goal. Also you are a symbol of noble deeds.
O Devanupriya! You have made your human birth successful' saying this, he bowed to Dhanna Anagaar again and went back to Lord Mahāvīra, bowed to Him and returned to the direction he came from.
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ŚRĪ ANUTTAROVAVAI SUTRA
9TH ANGA SŪTRA
A DIVINE GLIMPSE OF SPIRITUAL PEOPLE
This is the ninth Agama of Lord Mahavira's flow of preachings. Not all the devotees who progress ahead in the field of Sadhana succeed. Only those devotees who endure the hardships with utmost patience and tolerance attain liberation.
Lord Mahāvīra has described the life of Dhanna Anagaar in Śri Anuttarovavaai Sūtra. Dhanna performed different kinds of penances. He renounced the world and made a firm decision to attain self-awareness. Thus, for him the body became secondary and inferior. When Dhanna Anagaar was in deep meditation, he got detached from his body and easily progressed on the spiritual path of penance. However, due to severe penances, his body became a skeleton such that each bone and vein was visible. His eyes had sunk, yet they were bright and shining, thereby proving his spiritual strength. As the body weakened, his soul became stronger. His strong faith in Lord is revealed in this Agama. It is the best guide to those who want to perform penances and Sadhana to attain the ultimate soul
(self-realization).
This Sūtra cites that food is not the main source of survival for humans. He can
survive on water and sunlight. There are examples of people who have survived
on sunlight or a grain of rice for a long time.

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SRI ANUTTAROVAVAI SUTRA
Dhanna Anagaar ate less but lived long. The mechanism of the body has thus
become a topic of research for the scientists..
.
The penances that need to be performed to reduce the attachments and annihilate the karmas are revealed in this Agama.
Lord Mahāvira has also explained the Sadhana performed by the devotees to
detach from the body. A spiritual person's state of mind, when he reaches the
highest level of Sadhana is described.
When a devotee progresses on the path of attaining the soul, his affection for the body becomes less. Śrī Anuttarovavaai Sūtra is helpful to those who are extremely attached to the body. Complete detachment leads to self-realization.

Page #49

SRI PRAŚNAVYAKARAN SUTRA
10TH ANGA SŪTRA
सव्वगइपक्खंदे, काहिंति अणंतए अकयपुण्णा। जे य ण
सुणंति धम्म, सोऊण य जे पमायंति
SAVVAGAIPAKKHAMDE, KĀHIMTI AŅAMTAE AKAYAPUŅŅĀ | JE YA NA
SUŅAMTI DHAMMAM, SOŪŅA YA JE PAMĀYAMTI
Those creatures without any good deeds to their credit (punyaheen) are the ones who do not attend discourses on spirituality, hear them and instead indulge in laziness even after hearing them, continue to rotate infinite times in the cycle of birth and death.
अणुसिटुं वि बहुविहं, मिच्छदिट्ठिया जे णरा अहम्मा । बद्धणिकाइयकम्मा, सुणंति धम्मं ण य करेंति ॥
AŅUSIȚTHAM VI BAHUVIHAM, MICCHADIȚTHIYĀ JE NARĀ AHAMMĀ ||
BADDHAŅIKĀYAKAMMĀ, SUŅAMTI DHAMMAM NA YA KAREMTI

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SRI PRASNAVYAKARAN SUTRA
A person with false preception binds karmas that are deep-rooted (nikachit).
Such people are those who do not follow the principles and bear unavoidable bitter fruits. They do not practice what is preached.
किंसक्का काउंजे, णेच्छइ ओसह मुहा पाउं। जिणवयणं
गुणमहुरं, विरेयणं सव्वदुक्खाणं
KIM SAKKĀ KĀUM JE, ŅECCHAI OSAHAM MUHĀ PĀUM | JIŅAVAYAŅAM
GUŅAMAHURAM, VIREYAŅAM SAVVADUKKHĀŅAM
The sermons of Lord Jineshwar are full of merits and are like sweet purgative medicine for eliminating all miseries. But what can be said about those who do
not wish to consume this medicine given without any self interest?
पंचेव य उज्झिऊणं, पंचेव य रक्खिऊण भावेणं।
कम्मरय-विप्पमुक्कं, सिद्धिवर-मणुत्तरं जंति
PAMCEVA YA UJJHIŪŅAM, PAMCEVA YA RAKKHIŪŅA BHĀVEŅAM | KAMMARAYA-VIPPAMUKKAM, SIDDHIVARA-MAŅUTTARAM JAMTI
Those creatures who give up five ashravas (influx of karmas) involving violence etc. and produce five samvaras with pious motives that include non-violence, peace etc. totally eradicate the karmic particles and attain salvation.

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SRI PRASNAVYAKARAN SŪTRA
10TH ANGA SŪTRA
ATTAINING SUPERNATURAL POWERS:
FROM VIRTUES LIKE TRUTH, NON-VIOLENCE, ETC
Lord Mahāvīra has revealed many mysteries in his discourses. One such mystery is disclosed in Śrī Praśnavyākaran Sūtra. A description of how to gain and manifest various supernatural powers, knowledge and energy is given in this Āgama.
The five grave sins which are violence, untruth, (falsehood) theft, unchaste conduct and possession of material objects and the nature of penances (avowed observance) to be performed for eliminating them are explained in this Sūtra.
This Agama gives in-depth knowledge on various branches of occult practices such as spells and charms. However, to prevent the misuse of this form of knowledge, and to ensure that it is not used for malicious purposes, saints have concealed such work from this Sūtra. Acāryas have changed the topics of this Agama to prevent the unworthy disciples from gaining such knowledge for any kind of misuse. This method of protecting crucial literature from miscreants is highly appreciated.
The causes and effects of violence, the means to prevent and escape from them and the positive results of non-violence are described in this Sūtra.
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SRI PRASNAVYAKARAN SUTRA
Praśnavyakaran Sūtra does not disclose the spells and their secrets. However, it discloses many mysteries through which an aspirant with the blessings and knowledge of a Guru, even in present times, can get an access to different spells, amulets, charms, astrology and mystic energy.
Aspirants, curious to gain knowledge, can understand the meanings of the words, but only with a Guru's blessings, they can decipher the meaning in depth. He then, experiences a feeling of bliss. In this Sūtra, Lord Mahāvīra has described a special method of acquiring positive energy in this Sūtra.
Those aspirants who want to learn about the virtues of the soul like truth, nonviolence etc. and the vices like violence, untruth etc., should study this Āgama.
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ŚRĪ VIPĀKA SUTRA
11TH ANGA SŪTRA
तए णं तस्स सुमुहस्स गाहावइस्स तेणं दव्वसुद्धेणं दायगसुद्धेणं पडिगाहग सुद्धेणं तिविहेणं तिकरणसुद्धेणं सुदत्ते अणगारे पडिलाभिए समाणे संसारे परित्तीकए
मणुस्साउए णिबद्धे गेहंसि य से इमाइं पंच दिव्वाई पाउब्भूयाई, तं जहा - वसुहारा वुट्ठा, दसद्धवण्णे कुसुमे णिवाडिए, चेलुक्खेवे कए, आहयाओ देवदुंदुभीओ, अं तरा वि य णं आगासे 'अहो दाणं अहो दाणं' घुढे य।
TAE ŅAM TASSA SUMUHASSA GĀHĀVAISSA TEŅAM DAVVASUDDHEŅAM
DĀYAGASUDDHEŅAM PADIGĀHAGA SUDDHEŅAM TIVIHEŅAM TIKARAŅASUDDHEŅAM SUDATTE AŅAGĀRE PADILĀBHIE SAMĀŅE SAMSĀRE PARITTĪKAE MAŅUSSĀUE NIBADDHE GEHAMSI YA SE IMĀIM PAMCA DIVVĀIM PĀUBBHŪYAIM, TAM JAHĀ - VASUHĀRĀ VUTTHĀ, DASADDHAVAŅŅE KUSUME ŅIVĀDIE, CELUKKHEVE KAE, ĀHAYÃO DEVADUMDUBHÍO, AMTARĀ VI YA ŅAM
ĀGĀSE "AHO DĀŅAM AHO DĀŅAM" DHUȚTHE YA

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SRI VPAKA SUTRA
Thereafter Sumukh Gathapati gave 'Kahar daan' that means to distribute
alms that free from living organisms and acceptable to Jain monks under their
regulations.
Here purity is considered three-fold which means the person offering should be faultless, the person being offered alms should be an eligible monk in terms of Jaina Regulations and items offered too should be fault free. Because of this aahardaan Sumukh Gathapati, bounded good karmas that helped him attain the human form of life in his next birth. His house was gifted with five 'divyas' arranged by celestial beings. They were: (1) Shower of golden coins (2) Shower of flowers of five colors (3) Flag banners (4) Holy sound of musical instruments played by deities, (5) Announcement by celestial beings from the sky with constant declaration "Aho Danam”, “Aho Danam”.

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ŚRĪ VIPĀKA SŪTRA
11TH ANGA SŪTRA
KARMAS: CAUSE OF SUFFERING
Vipāka Sūtra is the eleventh volume of Lord Mahāvīra's teachings. The basic
dictum of the Vipāka Sūtra is that karmas are the cause of pain and suffering.
An in-depth literature as to how the pleasure producing karmas cause favorable
conditions and the pain producing karmas are the cause of unfavorable conditions
is narrated in this Sūtra. The inclination towards worldly life and the karmas bound
by them are specifically described in Vipāka Sūtra.
This Agama nourishes us by giving ideas (the path and ideals of sacrifice, sharing, helpfulness) and making others as well as the self, happy through kind deeds. How living beings invite sufferings for themselves through acts of cruelty and torture on others, is narrated in this Vipāka Sūtra,
Lord Mahāvīra has explained methods suitable for devotees to remain detached from the experiences of Sukhvipāka and DukhVipāka. The fruit of the karmas makes the ignorant jivās blissful during favorable conditions and sad during unfavorable conditions. The guidance received through Vipāka Sūtra is extremely beneficial to aspirants who want to refrain from committing sins and perform good karmas in their life. It is a revelation. Special lessons on art of living are taught in this Āgama.

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TWELVE UPĀNGA SŪTRAS
Āgamas and scriptures are originally considered a part of Anga Sūtras. Since the Anga Sūtras were voluminous, the Ācāryas created Upānga Sūtras so that the spiritual seekers can understand it with ease. Thus the Upangas which have been manifested from Lord Mahāvīra's Ang are beneficial for all the aspirants.
ŚRĪ UVAVĀI SŪTRA
IST UPĀŅGA SŪTRA
जस्स णं देवाणुप्पिया दंसणं कखंति, जस्स णं देवाणुप्पिया दसणं पीहंति, जस्स णं देवाणुप्पिया सणं पत्थंति, जस्स णं देवाणुप्पिया दंसणं अभिलसंति, जस्स णं देवाणुप्पिया णामगोयस्स वि सवणयाए हट्ठतुट्ठ जाव हियया भवंति, से णं समणे भगवं महावीरे पुव्वाणुपुव्विं चरमाणे, गामाणुग्गामं दूइज्जमाणे चंपाए णयरीए उवणगरग्गामं उवागए, चपं णगरिं पुण्णभदं चेइयं

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TWELVE UPANGA SUTRAS
समोसरिउकामे । तं एवं देवाणुप्पियाणं पियट्टयाए
fazi fordàfa, fazi 4 493 |
JASSA ṆAM DEVĀŅUPPIYĀ DAMSAṆAM KAMKHAMTI, JASSA NAM DEVĀŅUPPIYĀ DAMSAṆAM PIHAMTI,
JASSA ṆAM DEVĀŅUPPIYĀ DAMSAṆAM PATTHAMTI, JASSA NAM DEVĀŅUPPIYĀ DAMSAṆAM ABHILASAMTI, JASSA NAM DEVĀŅUPPIYĀ ŅĀMAGOYASSA VI SAVAṆAYAE HAṬṬHATUṬṬHA JAVA HIYAYA BHAVAMTI, SE NAM SAMANE BHAGAVAM MAHĀVĪRE PUVVĀŅUPUVVIM CARAMĀṆE, GĀMĀŅUGGĀMAM DUIJJAMĀNE CAMPÃE NAYARIE UVAṆAGARAGGĀMAM UVĀGAE, CAMPAM NAGARIM PUNNBHADDAM CEIYAM SAMOSARIUKĀME | TAM EVAM DEVĀŅUPPIYĀNAM PIYAṬṬHAYAE PIYAM NIVEDEMI, PIYAM BHE BHAVAU |
'O Devanupriya! The person who you are anxiously awaiting, whose very sight you continuously desire with eagerness, whom you pray and worship frequently. Hearing his very name makes your heart blossom with pleasant feelings, he himself Bhagwan Lord Mahavir has come near Champanagri after undertaking Vihar Yatra as per traditions of Tirthankaras. Now he would be entering Purnabhadra temple of Champanagri. I bring you good tidings, O Devnupriya!
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ŚRĪ UVAVĀI SŪTRA
1ST UPĀNGA SŪTRA
OUR KARMAS DECIDE OUR NEXT BIRTH
(SUPERIOR OR INFERIOR MODE)
In this Āgama, Lord Mahāvīra revealed that our karmas and not God is responsible for our future. Our karmas decide our gati (state of existence) in the next birth. Lord Mahāvīra has also explained by which karma one attains which
particular gati.
The Uvavāi Sūtra describes the devotion of Lord Mahāvīra's devoted disciple
Konnik.
By mere worship of Lord Mahāvīra, King Konnik felt the vibrations in every part of his body. Whenever a person brought news of Lord Mahāvīra, King Konnik used to give him one of his most valuable necklaces. This highest form of worship towards Lord is described in this Agama. Those aspirants who want to gain in depth knowledge of the appropriate method of worshipping God and Guru will benefit by reading Sri Uvavāi Sūtra.
This Sūtra also describes the art of gardening. It describes in detail the types
of fruit bearing and flower bearing plants and trees that should be planted. It educates us about the positive energy received from the nearby trees and the
Sadhana that Lord Mahāvīra performed under such trees.

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SRI UVAVAI SUTRA
Śrī Uvavāi Sūtra describes the high level of knowledge attained by Lord Mahāvīra. There is also a description of human physiology, the levels of enlightenment, spiritual powers and lifestyle of thousands of monks during Lord Mahāvira's era.
The Uvavāi Sūtra is a treasure of various topics. The most important amongst them is the description of King Konnik's extraordinary devotion and worship towards Lord Mahāvīra.
Those who want to progress spiritually will benefit by reading Śrī Uvavāi Sūtra.
ONENESS WITH OUR GURU WILL BRING OUT
OUR INNER SPIRITUAL KNOWLEDGE.

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ŚRĪ RAIPASENIYA SŪTRA
2ND UPĀŅGA SŪTRA
तए णं केसी कुमारसमणे चित्तं सारहिं एवं वयासी- एवं खलु चउहिं ठाणेहिं चित्ता! जीवा केवलिपण्णत्तं धम्मं णो
लभेज्जा सवणयाए, तं जहा
TAE ŅAM KESĪ KUMĀRASAMAŅE CITTAM SĀRAHIM EVAM VAYASĪ- EVAM KHALU CAUHIM THAŅEHIM CITTĀ! JĪVĀ KEVALIPAŅŅATTAM DHAMMAM ŅO
LABHEJJĀ SAVAŅAYAE, TAM JAHĀ
आरामगयं वा उज्जाणगयं वा समणं वा माहणं वा णो अभिगच्छइ णो वंदइ णो णमंसइ णो सक्कारेइ णो सम्माणेइ णो कल्लाणं मंगल देवयं चेइयं पज्जुवासेइ, णो अट्ठाई हेऊई पसिणाई कारणाई वागरणाई पुच्छइ। एएणं ठाणेणं चित्ता! जीवा केवलिपण्णत्तं धम्मं णो लभं ति सवणयाए ॥ (१) उवस्सयगयं समणं वा तं चेव

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SRI RAPASBNYA SUTRA
जाव एएण वि ठाणेणं चित्ता! जीवा केवलिपण्णत्तं
धम्म णो लभंति सवणयाए
ĀRĀMAGAYAM VĀ UJJĀŅAGAYAM VĀ SAMAŅAM VĀ MĀHAŅAM VĀŅO ABHIGACCHAI ŅO VAMDAI ŅO NAMAMSAI ŅO SAKKĀREI ŅO SAMMĀŅEI ŅO KALLĀŅAM MAMGALAM DEVAYAM CEIYAM PAJJUVĀSEI, ŅO AȚTHAIM HEŪIM PASIŅĀIM KĀRAŅĀIM VĀGARAŅĀIM PUCCHAI | EEŅAM THĀŅEŅAM
CITTĀ ! JĪVĀ KEVALIPAŅŅATTAM DHAMMAM ŅO LABHAMTI SAVAŅAYAE | UVASSAYAGAYAM SAMANAM VA TAM CEVA JĀVA EEŅA VI THĀŅEŅAM CITTĀ !
JĪVĀ KEVALIPAŅŅATTAM DHAMMAM ŅO LABHAMTI SAVAŅAYAE
गोयरग्गगयं समणं वा माहणं वा जाव णो पज्जु वासेइ, णो विउलेणं असण-पाण- खाइम-साइमेणं पडिलाभेइ, णो अट्ठाई जाव पुच्छइ। एएणं वि ठाणेणं चित्ता! जीवे केवलिपण्णत्तं धम्म णो लभइ सवणयाए
GOYARAGGAGAYAM SAMAŅAM VĀ MĀHAŅAM VĀ JĀVA NO PAJJUVĀSEI, ŅO VIULEŅAM ASAŅA-PĀŅA-KHĀIMA-SĀIMEŅAM PADILABHEI, ŅO ATTHĀIM JĀVA PUCCHAI | EEŅAM VI THĀŅEŅAM CITTĀ ! JĪVE KEVALIPAŅŅATTAM
DHAMMAM ŅO LABHAI SAVAŅAYĀE ||
जत्थ वि य णं समणेण वा माहणेण वा सद्धिं अभिसमागच्छइ तत्थ वि णं हत्थेण वा वत्थेण वा

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SRI RAPASENYA SUTRA
छत्तेणं वा अप्पाणं आवरित्ता चिट्ठइ, णो अट्ठाई जाव
पुच्छइ । एएण वि ठाणेणं चित्ता ! जीवे णो लभइ केवलिपण्णत्तं धम्मं सवणयाए
JATTHA VI YA NAM SAMAṆEŅA VĀ MĀHAṆEŅA VĀ SADDHIM ABHISAMĀGACCHAI TATTHA VI NAM HATTHEŅA VĀ VATTHEŅA VĀ CHATTEŅAM VĀ APPĀŅAM ĀVARITTĀ CITTHAI, NO AṬṬHĀIM JĀVA PUCCHAI EENAM VI THANEṆAM CITTĀ| JĪVE NO LABHAI KEVALIPANNATTAM DHAMMAM SAVAṆAYĀE|
There after Kesikumar shramana told Chitta sarathi: 'O Chitta! Living beings are deprived of listening to spiritual discourse propagated by the omniscient because of four reasons. They are as under:
1. Those human beings who do not pay visit to śramanās mahanās (ascetics), those who do not bow down to salute, honor or have faith in them as their spiritual welfare guide or do not devote themselves in service, aspirants who do not express their curiosity by asking questions on spiritual subjects or seek remedies for attaining ultimate goal of salvation, ask reasons for karmic bondages, aversion, real form of substance and its definition,O Chitta those people do not benefit by listening to spiritual discourse propagated by omniscient's, and that is why they remains deprived of spiritual sermons.
2. Those human beings, who do not pay visit to śramanās mahanās in their place of stay, do not bow down before them with salutation or ask
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SRI RAPASANYA SUTRA
questions about the real form of substance worth knowing with definition cannot benefit merely by hearing the sermons given by omniscients.
3. Those human beings who do not come forward to welcome śramanās
mahanās (saints) who are out to seek alms saying "Dharmalābha" politely, those who do not offer them with suitable food that is permissible under their regulations in the form of cooked consumable food, boiled water, sweets, mouth cleaning items (mukhvās-khaiman) dry fruits etc. do not ask
inquisitive question on the subject of live substance etc. fails to get blessed
with the benefit of spiritual discourses propagated by omniscient.
Those human beings who try to hide themselves by keeping cover with an umbrella or cloth across their face in the event of śramanās mahanās appear before them in usual course and do not satisfy their curiosity by asking question on live substance etc. and do not come forward for the
purpose before them, do not get advantage of spiritual sermons.

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ŚRĪ RAIPASENIYA SŪTRA
2ND UPĀNGA SŪTRA
ENLIGHTENED STATE OF A SPIRITUAL PERSON
In Śrī Raipaseņiya Sūtra, Lord Mahāvīra has illustrated the enlightened state of spiritual persons who have reached a highest level of awareness.
It depicts the life history of King Pardeshi. An extremely ignorant soul commits
malicious karmas. However, when he encounters a Sadguru and obtains his
blessings, he is overwhelmed by the Sadguru's knowledge. His illiterate and cruel soul experiences equanimity, and willingly accepts all the hard conditions of life and progresses on the path to attain the ultimate Knowledge.
Śrī Raipaseniya Sūtra is a Āgama that manifests the knowledge of the soul. It portrays King Pardeshi's curiosity to gain knowledge and the enlightenment given to him by Guru Kesiswāmi. King Pardeshi was an atheist and did not believe in the
existence of the soul. However, Guru Kesiswami convinced him to accept the fact
about existence of the soul. Guru Keśīswāmi also instilled faith in him and showed him the path to go closer and deeper into the soul. Those devotees who want to gain deep knowledge of the soul will benefit from reading Śrī Raipaseniya Sūtra.
This Sutra shows the path from purification of the soul to its self-realization. It also tells about the path through which King Pardeshi attained self-realization.

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SRI RAIPASENYA SUTRA
Lord Mahāvīra has revealed to the ignorant souls the path to gain the right identity. Being in connection with saints is a blessing as it leads one to Devlok (heaven) and helps one to attain self-realization.
This has been explained very interestingly in this Agama giving inspiration to all. Śrī Raipaseniya Sūtra is helpful to all those spiritual seekers who want to know their right identity.
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ŚRĪ JĪVĀJĪVĀBHIGAMA SUTRA
3RD UPĀŅGA SŪTRA
इमीसे णं भंते! रयणप्पभाए पुढवीए णेरइयाणं सरीरया
किं संघयणी पण्णत्ता? गोयमा! छण्हं संघयणाणं असंघयणी, णेवट्ठी, णेव छिरा, णवि ण्हारु, जे पोग्गला अणिट्ठा जाव अमणामा ते तेसिं सरीरसंघायत्ताए
परिणमंति। एवं जाव अहेसत्तमा।
IMĪSE ŅAM BHAMTE ! RAYAŅAPPABHĀE PUDHAVĪ ŅERAIYĀŅAM SARĪRAYA KIM SAMGHAYAŅĪ PAŅŅATTĀA ? GOYAMĀ ! CHAŅHAM SAMGHAYAŅAM ASAMGHAYAŅĪ, ŅEVA CHIRĀ, ŅAVI ŅHĀRU, JE POGGALĀ AŅITTHĀ JAVA AMAŅĀMĀ TE TESIM SARĪRASAŅGHĀYATTĀE PARIŅAMAMTI
EVAM JĀVA AHESATTAMĀ|
Q: O Lord! What kind of a structure does a soul possess in Ratnaprabha earth
(name of first hell)? A: O Gautam! They do not have any of the six types of body structures. Their bodies do not contain bones, veins and muscles. Their body is made up of those

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SRI NANABHGAMA SUTRA
substances that are evil and unclean (disliked by mind). In the same manner, it is applicable to souls of all the hells up to seventh hell.
इमीसे णं भंते! रयणप्पभाए पुढवीए णेरइयाणं सरीरगा केरिसगावणं पण्णत्ता ? गोयमा ! काला कालोभासा जाव परमकिण्हा वण्णेणं पण्णत्ता । एवं जाव अहेसत्तमाए ।
IMISE NAM BHAMTE! RAYANAPPABHAE PUDHAVIE NERAIYĀŅAM SARĪRAGĀ KAIRISAGĀ VANṆEŅAM PANNATTAA? GOYAMĀ! KĀLĀ KĀLOBHĀSĀ JĀVA PARAMAKIṆHĀ VAṆŅEṆAM PANNATTĀ EVAM JĀVA AHESATTAMÃE
Q: O Lord! What is the color of the body of souls in Ratnaprabha earth?
A: O Gautam! They are black with a black reflection or infact deep black. This is the complexions of all beings in all the hells up to seventh hell are to be understood by implications.
इमीसे णं भंते ! रयणप्पभाए पुढवीए णेरइयाणं सरीरया केरिसया गंधेणं पण्णत्ता ? गोयमा ! से जहाणामए अहिमडे इ वा, तं चेव जाव असत्तमा ।
IMISE NAM BHAMTE! RAYANAPPABHAE PUDHAVIE NERAIYĀŅAM SARĪRAYĀ KERISAYA GAMDHENAM PANNATTĀA? GOYAMĀ ! SAI JAHĀNĀMAE AHIMADE I VĀ, TAM CEVA JĀVA AHESATTAMĀ
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Q: O Lord! How is the smell of bodies in Ratnaprabha earth (hell)? A: O Gautam! They smell like dead serpents. Similarly, the smell of all the beings
right up to seventh hell is to be implied.
इमीसे णं भंते! रयणप्पभाए पुढवीए णेरइयाणं
सरीरया केरिसया फासेणं पण्णत्ता? गोयमा! फु डितच्छविविच्छविया खर-फरुस-झाम-झुसिरा फासेणं
पण्णत्ता। एवं जाव अहेसत्तमा।
IMĪSE ŅAM BHAMTE ! RAYAŅAPPABHĀE PUDHAVIE ŅERAIYĀŅAM
SARĪRAYA KERISAYĀ FĀSEŅAM PAŅŅATTAA? GOYAMĀ ! PHUDITACCHAVIVICCHAVIYA KHARA-PHARUSA-JHĀMA-JHUSIRĀ
PHĀSEŅAM PAŅŅATTĀ | EVAM JĀVA AHESATTAMĀ ||
Q: O Lord! How is the touch of the bodies of beings in Ratnaprabha earth (hell)? A: O Gautam! The skin of these beings is ragged with scratches and wrinkles around. Their skin is hard, rough, and appears like burnt objects and have pores (compared to roughness of a brick). This is stated in respect to all the hells right
up to seventh hell.

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ŚRĪ JĪVĀJĪVĀBHIGAMA SUTRA 3RD UPĀṆGA SŪTRA
LIVING SCIENCE
All the jivas of the world have different attitudes, different likings and varied nature. Hence keeping this in mind, Lord Mahāvīra has indicated those concepts of knowledge in the Agama, named Jīvājīvābhigam Sūtra.
Abhigam means in-depth knowledge. Śrī Jīvājīvābhigam Sūtra gives in-depth knowledge on various types of jivas (living beings), formation of the jivās and their nature, how and why they are born in different bodies and in different families is well explained.
It explains the difference between the living and the non-living identities, minute particles and their different states. The similarity between the energy of objects and that of the soul, the different types of jivās and their lifestyles are described.
Lord Mahāvīra has given an in-depth explanation about life sciences which run into thousands of pages. He has even revealed some facts which cannot be proven by experiments.
Śrī Jīvājīvābhigam Sūtra details life science. This Āgama is a necessary read for those aspirants who want to learn about life science.
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ŚRĪ PANNAVANĀ SŪTRA
4TH UPĀŅGA SŪTRA
कइपइट्ठिए णं भंते ! कोहे पण्णत्ते ? गोयमा! चउपइट्ठिए कोहे पण्णत्ते, तं जहा-आयपइट्ठिए, परपइट्ठिए, तदुभय पइट्ठिए, अप्पइट्ठिए ।
KAIPAITTHIE ŅAM BHAMTE! KOHE PAŅŅATTE ? GOYAMĀ ! CAUPAIȚTHIE KOH PAŅŅATTE, TAM JAHA-AYAPAITTHIE, PARAPAITTHIE, TADUBHAYA PAITTHIE, APPAITTHIE |
Q: O Lord! Can anger be categorized? A: OGautam! There are four categories of anger:
1. Self established 2. Caused by another 3. Caused by both (self and others) 4. Without any basis or cause.
(1) Self-established anger: It is caused by one's own self. The reasons being the
fruits of self-committed actions and karmas. When any living being witnesses

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evil effects of karma, he gets annoyed with himself. This is called self
imposed anger, which is applied on the self. (2) Anger caused by others: When any living being makes another person or
object instrumental for his problems, it is called anger caused by others or when a person by expressing his anger causes others to be angry and
provokes them. Consequently, someone else establishes this kind of anger. (3) Anger caused by self and others: Whenever a living being (person) gets
angry due to commitment of misdeed by self or due to others, and if because of that resorts to anger on self and others, it is called anger caused
by self and others(dual anger).
(4) Baseless Anger: Whenever anger (any kaśāyas) arises without any reason it
may be due to the rise of our mohaniya karma, wherein people or objects
get us angry without any reason, in that event, the ensued anger falls under
the category of baseless anger (kaśāyas) and is known as Pratisthit anger. In this way on the basic of Adhikaran There are four types of kaśāyas.
कइहिं णं भंते ! ठाणेहिं कोहुप्पत्ती भवइ ? गोयमा! चउहिं ठाणेहिं कोहुप्पत्ती भवइ, तं जहा- खेत्तं पडुच्च, वत्थु पडुच्च,
सरीरं पडुच्च, उवहिं पडुच्च ।
KAIHIM NAM BHAMTE ! THĀŅEHIM KOHUPPATTĪ BHAVAI? GOYAMĀ
! CAUHIM THĀŅEHIM KOHUPPATTI BHAVAI, TAM JAHĀ- KHETAM PADUCCA, VATTHUM PADUCCA, SARĪRAM PADUCCA, UVAHIM PADUCCA|

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SRI PANNAVANĂ SUTRA
Q: O Bhagwan (Lord)! Which are the reasons that cause anger?
A: O Gautam! There are four reasons that cause anger. They are as under.
1. An open area or land can be instrumental is causing anger. 2. A building or covered land (area) may be instrumental for anger. 3. Body (physical entity) may be instrumental for anger 4. Other household materials, tools, usable articles etc. may be instrumental
for the same.

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ŚRĪ PANNAVANĀ SŪTRA
4TH UPĀŅGA SŪTRA
TREASURE OF KNOWLEDGE:
MATERIAL SCIENCE, BIOLOGY AND SPIRITUAL ENERGY
Śrī Pannavaņā Sūtra was written keeping in mind various sentiments and desires. Pannavaņā Sūtra is called Pragnāpanā. Pragnāpanā Sūtra enlightens one with spiritual wisdom. Every soul is prudent but the knowledge is suppressed. In
the Pannavanā Sūtra, Lord Mahāvīra has given an exhaustive explanation on how
to manifest knowledge.
Verses 1-36 of the Pannavaņā Sūtra contain undisclosed knowledge. The Āgama is a 'mysterious store house of knowledge and is known as “laghubhagwati'. The six leshyas, aura, yog, movement of the particles, important facts about geography and nruvansh have been explained very well. This upāang is a summarized dictionary for Jainism as far as technical knowledge is concerned. With invocation having said "Namo Siddhanam', we have now bowed to Shasanpati Lord Mahāvīra. This is how this Agama begins.
A special description of the different types of human senses, body structures and the gati of living and non-living identities is given in Pannavaņā Sūtra. Those who are interested in learning the science of objects, human physiology and about mind power will find Śrī Pannavaņā Sūtra to be a treasure of immense knowledge.

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SRI PANNAVANA SÜTRA
This Upang Sūtra reveals those secrets that are very useful for the development
and peace of the human society.
The aura surrounding a person, the effect of the aura and how an atom can
progress even without any force is described in this Sūtra.
Pannavaņā Sūtra is beneficial to those who are interested in learning the
secrets of science in detail.

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SRĪ JAMBŪDVĪP PRAJÑAPTI SŪTRA
5TH UPÃNGA SUTRA
तीसे णं भंते! समाए उत्तम-कट्ठ-पत्ताए भरहस्स वासस्स केरिसए आयारभाव-पडोयारे भविस्सइ? गोयमा ! काले भविस्सइ हाहाभूए, भं भाभूए, कोलाहलभूए। समाणुभावेण य खरफरुसधू लिमइला, दुव्विसहा, वाउला, भयंकरा य वाया सं वट्टगा य वाइति, इह अभिक्खं धूमाहिति य दिसा समंता रउस्सला रेणु-कलुस-तम-पडल-णिरालोया,
समय- लुक्खयाए य णं अहियं चंदा सीयं मोच्छिहिंति, अहियं सूरिया तविस्संति।
TĪSE ŅAM BHAMTE ! SAMĀE UTTAMA-KATTA-PATTĀE BHARAHASSA VĀSASSA KERISAE ĀVĀRABHĀVA-PADOYĀRE BHAVISSAI? GOYAMĀ!
KĀLE BHAVISSAI HĀHĀBHŪE, BHAMBHĀBHŪE, KOLĀHALABHŪE | SAMĀŅUBHĀVEŅA YA KHARAPHARASADHULIMAELA, DUWISAHA VAULA,
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BHAYAMKARA YA VĀYĀ SAMVATTAGĀ YA VĀIMTI, IHA ABHIKKHAM
DHŪMĀHIMTI YA DISĀ SAMAMTĀ RAUSSALĀ REŅU-KALUSA-TAMAPADALA-NIRĀLOYĀ, SAMAYA LUKKHAYAE YA ŅAM AHIYAM CAMDĀ SĪYAM
MOCCHIHIMTTI AHIYAM SŪRIYĀ TAVISSAMTTI |
Q: 'O Lord'! What would the state of this world be when the sixth era of the time
cycle is at its peak?
A: 'O Gautam'! In the sixth era the whole of humankind would be in a dire state;
the whole world would be pervaded with the chaotic noises of birds and animals,
extremely strong dusty winds known as samvartak winds will blow causing utter destruction. The atmosphere will be polluted and filled with smoke due to which sunlight will hardly be seen and the whole world will appear dark and gloomy.
In the sixth era, extremities in climatic conditions will be experienced. Daytime would be extremely hot and nights would be extremely cold. Therefore, humankind would be in pain due to such harsh conditions.

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ŚRĪ JAMBŪDVIP PRAJÑAPTI SŪTRA
5TH UPÃNGA SUTRA
GEOGRAPHY, ASTRONOMY, AND HISTORY
Keeping in mind the varied interests of the people of this world, Bhagwan Mahāvīra has given geographical, astronomical and historical explanations of not only our earth but also of the universe. The different countries on earth and their geographical constitutions have been explained in this Sūtra. The planet Earth where we live is a part of Jambūdvip (Jambu Island). The length, breadth and constitution of Jambudvīp are specified. In the centre of it is Mount Meru. The magnanimity of this mountain and what it is made up of is explained. The humungous nature of the sea waves of Jambūdvip and how earth is protected by these waves, how tsunamis are formed and its effect have been explained by Bhagwan Mahāvīra in this Agama. This Agama explains the composition of the earth. It also contains the description of the inspirational lives of people who lived in Jambudweep and the 56 Dishakumaris who came to tie Rakhi (protection band) on the wrist of Rishabhdev at the time of his birth. It also describes the life style of people living in India lacs of years before the birth of the first Tirthankara Rishabhdev. Bhagwan Mahāvīra has also explained here the method and specified different places in Jambūdvip from where the soul can attain salvation. This Agama is beneficial to those disciples
who have deep interest in geography and astronomy.

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SRĪ CANDRA-SŪRYA PRAJÑAPTI SUTRA
6TH AND 7TH UPĀŅGA SŪTRA
ता कहं ते चंदे ससी-चंदे ससी आहिएति वएज्जा ? ता चंदस्स णं जोइसिंदस्स जोइसरण्णो मियंके विमाणे कंता देवा कंताओ देवीओ कंताई आसण-सयण-खं
भ-भंड-मत्तोवगरणाई, अप्पणावि य णं चंदे देवे जोइसिंदे जोइसराया सोमे कंते सुभे पियदसणे सुरूवे ता एवं खलु चंदे ससी, चंदे-ससी आहिएति वएज्जा ।
TĀ KAHAM TE CHAMDE SASĪ CHAMDE SASĪ ĀHIETI VAEJJĀ ? TĀ CHAMDASSA ŅAM JOISIMDASSA JOISARAŅŅO MIYAMKE VIMĀŅE KAMTĀ DEVĀ KAŅTĀO DEVIO KAMTAIM ASAŅA SAYAŅA KHAMBHA BHAMDA
MATTOVAGARAŅĀIM, APPAŅĀVI YĀ ŅAM CHAMDE DEVE JOISIMDE JOISARĀYĀ SOME KAMTE SUBHE PIYADAMSAŅE SURŪVE TĀ EVAM KHALU
CHAMDE SASĪ, CHAMDEI-SASI AHIYAITI VAEJJĀ |
Q: Why is the Moon called 'Shashi'? A: The Moon God is the King of astrologers and his vehicle has a deer as its

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emblem. It has beautiful Gods and Goddesses, artistic throne, pillars, beds, utensils, instruments etc. The shape and appearance of The King of astrologers
the Moon himself is so serene, attractive and handsome. That is why the Moon
is called 'Shashi'.
ता कहं ते सूरिए आइच्चे-सूरिए आइच्चे आहिएति वएज्जा ? ता सूरादिया समयाइ वा आवलियाइ वा आणापाणूइ वा थोवेइ वा जाव उस्सपिणी ओसप्पिणीइ वा, एवं खलु सूरे आइच्चे-सूरे आइच्चे आहिएति
वएज्जा ।
TĀ KAHAM TE SŪRIE ĀICCE-SŪRIE AICCE ĀHIETI VAEJJĀ ? TĀ SŪRĀDIYĀ
SAMAYAL VĀ AVALIYĀI VĀ ĀŅĀPĀŅŪI VÀ THOVEI VĀ JĀVA USSAPIŅI OSAPPIŅĪYA VĀ, EVAM KHALU SŪRE AICCE-SŪRE AICCE ĀHIETI VAEIJĀ |
Q: Why is the Sun called 'Aaditya'?
A: The Sun has been in existence since time immemorial and it is the originato
of the Avsarpini (descending) and Utsarpini (ascending) phases of the time cycle Hence it is called 'Aaditya'.

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ŚRĪ CANDRA-SŪRYA PRAJNAPTI SŪTRA
6TH AND 7TH UPĀŅGA SŪTRA
MATHEMATICS AND ASTROLOGY
Bhagwan Mahāvīra has vividly described astrology in Candra Prajñapti and Sūrya Prajñapti Sūtra.
The moon's orbit, its cycle, direction, the size of the moon and its phases etc. are explained in this Āgama. Description of sun's orbit, the increase and decrease in the intensity of its heat is also covered in this Agama. It describes how the sun
and moon causes eclipses.
It also explains how with the help of the sun and moon, a soul can bring out its inner powers. This Agama is a treasure of astrology. It would be extremely beneficial, if the present day astrologers' fine-tune their knowledge with Candra and Sūrya Prajñapti Sūtra. The Āgama provides immaculate knowledge of the orbits and movements of all the planets and constellations.
The Devas (celestial beings) rule the sun and moon giving them different types of movements and why the sun and moon revolve on their axis is explained in this Āgama. Those aspirants having interest in astrology and astronomy can benefit highly by studying this Āgama. However, not every disciple is permitted to read and study this Āgama. Only those disciples who earn the favor and grace of their Guru are allowed to read this Āgama.

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NIRYAVALIKĀ PANCAM SET
8TH TO 12TH UPĀŅGA SŪTRAS
(NIRYAVALIKA, KALPĀVATAMSIKA, PUŞPIKĀH, PUŞPACŪLIKĀH, VRSNIDAŠAH)
तए णं सेणिए राया कूणियं कुमारं परसुहत्थगयं एज्जमाणं पासइ, पासित्ता एवं संपेहेइ(वयासी)- एस
णं कूणिएकुमारे अपत्थियपत्थिए दुरंतपंतलक्खणे हीणपुण्ण- चाउद्दसिए हिरिसिरिपरिवज्जिए परसुहत्थगए इह हव्वमागच्छइ। तं ण णज्जइ णं ममं कूणइ कु-मारेणं मारिस्सइ त्ति कटु भीए तत्थे तसिए उव्विग्गे संजायभये तालपुडगं विसं आसगंसि पक्खिवइ। तए णं से सेणिए राया तालपुडगविसंसि आसगंसि पक्खित्ते समाणे मुहत्तं तरेण परिणममाणसि णिप्पाणे णिच्चे?
जीवविप्पजढे ओइण्णे।
TAE NAM SEŅIE RĀYA KŪŅIYAM KUMĀRAM PARASUHATTHAGAYAM

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NIRYAVALKÁ PANCAM SET
EJJAMĀŅAM PĀSAI, PĀSITTĀ EVAM SAMPEHEI (VAYĀSĪ)- ESA ŅAM
KŪŅIEKUMĀRE APATTHIYAPATTHIE DURAMTAPAMTALAKKHAŅE HĪŅAPUŅŅA - CĀUDDASIE HIRISIRIPARIVAJJIE PARASUHATTHAGAE
IHA HAVVAMĀGACCHAI | TAM NA NAJJAI ŅAM MAMAM KUŅAI KU- MĀREŅAM MĀRISSAI TTI KATTU BHIE TATTHE TASIE UVVIGGE
SAMJĀYABHAYE TĀLAPUDAGA” VISAM ASAGAMSI PAKKHIVAI | TAE NAM SE SEŅIE RĀYĀ TĀLAPUDAGAŞVISAMSI ĀSAGAMSI PAKKHITTE SAMĀŅE MUHUTTAŅTAREŅA PARIŅAMAMĀŅAMSI ŅIPPĀŅE NICCETTHE
JĪVAVIPPAJADHE OIŅŅE
King Shrenik sees his son Konnik coming towards his prison cell with an axe in his hand and he thinks, "This Konnik, who is shameless and was born as a curse, is indifferent and has animosity towards me. I do not know what my condition would be when he kills me." Under the influence of such negative and grim thoughts, he gets frightened and sucks the stone of his ring which is coated with poison. Immediately the poison spreads in his body, taking his life and he collapses on the floor of the prison.

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NIRYĀVALIKĀ PANCAM SET
8TH TO 12TH UPĀŅGA SŪTRAS
STORIES: PSYCHOLOGICAL VIEWPOINTS
Bhagwan Mahāvīra, keeping in mind the varied interests of the people of this world,
has formed the Āgamas. There are five Āgamas in which Bhagwan Mahāvīra has gives his wisdom in the form of short tales. The names of those five Āgamas are
2. Kalpāvatamsīka, 3. Puşpīkāh, 4. Puspacūlīkāh and
1. Niryāvalīka 5. Vrsnidaśāh.
The Niryāvalīka Sūtra talks about the times of Bhagwan Mahāvīra when the Kings had a certain style of ruling their kingdom. It narrates how even in the midst of unparalleled riches and comforts, when the kings met Bhagwan Mahāvīra they renounced their kingdom and worldly life and lived as ascetics. In the tale of Bahuputrika, he advises an aspirant that one's desires are the root
cause of one's sorrows. Bhagwan Mahāvīra has analyzed the human psyche in an
immaculate manner in these Āgamas These Āgamas also give a description of the different states of mind like its firmness, stability, impatience, and weirdness. The
Niryävalīkā Sūtra further explains how one's mentality has an influence on one's own happiness or sadness. For those who want an in-depth study of human psychology, these five Āgamas give a great insight of human psyche through the
short stories depicted in them.

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FOUR FUNDAMENTAL SCRIPTURES
(MOOL SŪTRAS)
Bhagwan Mahāvīra's' Āgamas are categorized into five divisions as under: 1. Anga (Body) 2. Upāņga (Limbs) 3. Mool (Root or fundamental basic) 4. Cheda (eradicating of vices) 5. Āvaśyaka (Essential)
Ayurvedic medicines are made from different parts of the plant like roots, stem or branches. Medicines made from different parts are prescribed to different patients according to their ailments. Sometimes mildly poisonous medicines are also prescribed to a patient to get rid of his almost incurable ailment. Using this as a simile, the different categories of aspirants and how to eradicate their vices is explained. According to the levels of their accomplishments, different aspirants' are advised to read different Āgama from the above five sets. From the four fundamental scriptures the first one is ŚRĪ Daśavaikalika Sūtra.

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ŚRĪ DASAVAIKĀLIKA SŪTRA
1ST FUNDAMENTAL SCRIPTURE
जो पव्वयं सिरसा भित्तुमिच्छे, सुत्तं व सीहं पडिबोहएज्जा । जो वा दए सत्तिअग्गे पहारं, एसोवमासायणया गुरूणं ॥
JO PAVVAYAM SIRASSA BHITTUMICCHE, SUTTAM VA SIHAM PADIBOHAEJJĀ JO VĀ DAE SATTIAGGE PAHĀRAM, ESOVAMĀSĀYAṆAYĀ GURŪŅAM |
Showing disrespect to one's Guru is extremely harmful for a spiritual seeker and hampers his progress on the path of salvation. A disciple who does not follow the precepts and disrespects his Guru is compared to a fool who endangers his life by foolish thoughts and actions, like breaking a mountain with his head or fighting with sharp weapons with his bare hands and feet or trying to wake a sleeping lion.
गुरुमिह सययं पडियरिय मुणी, जिणमयणिउणे अभिगमकुसले । धुणिय रयमलं पुरेकडं, भासुरमउलं गई गओ ॥ त्ति बेमि ॥
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GURŪMIHA SAYAYAM PADIYARIYA MUNĪ, JINAMAYANIUNE ABHIGAMAKUSALE | DHUNIYA RAYAMALAM PUREKADAM, BHĀSURAMAULAM GAIM GAO TTI BEMI |
Ascetics who have tried to learn the secrets of Jainism and its customs by discretely serving their Guru and other senior ascetics relentlessly have annihilated all their karmas and attained salvation in the past. By similar actions they are attaining salvation in the present too.
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ŚRĪ DASAVAIKĀLIKA SŪTRA
1ST FUNDAMENTAL SCRIPTURE
PRIMER OF AN ASCETIC
Keeping in mind the laxity shown by Jain monks after the departure of Bhagwan Mahāvīra, the Acharyas of that period observed the worldly pleasures and objects used by the devotees. Thus with the sole objective of incorporating the essence of all Agama formed a scripture called Śrī Daśavaikālika Sutra. The study of this Agama helps a seeker to understand the summary of all Āgamas. The first successor of Bhagwan Mahāvīra was Sudharma Swami, the second successor was Jambu Swami, followed by the third successor, Prabhav Swami and the fourth successor was Swayambhav Swami. He created this Āgama called Śrī Daśavaikālika Sutra knowing the fact that his son Manak would live only for six months after becoming an ascetic. Manak had a very short period to understand the essence of all Agamas and help his soul to attain emancipation.
This scripture unfolds the benefits of following preception with extreme piety. It describes how with the help of the science of incantation (Mantra Vidya), one can gain control over the Devs (celestial beings) This Agama also gives different viewpoints by which one can detach become dispassionate towards worldly pleasures. The types of sacrifices that are important in an ascetic's life and how a mode of good conduct can alleviate the level of a devotee have been described by Bhagwan Mahāvīra. A devotee's level of accomplishment declines if he has
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SRI DASAVAIKALIKA SUTRA
righteous physical conduct but is unrighteous by speech. The scripture explains the appropriate tone and manner in which a devotee should speak so that it brings comfort to him and the other person and vice versa. It explains how modesty and humility helps in self realization. (Atmagyān). The ninth chapter of this Āgama talks about the relation of a Guru and his disciple. There is a tradition of memorizing this Agama by newly initiated ascetics as it provides many different viewpoints for a fruitful ascetic life. Conventionally, a person wanting to become an ascetic is asked to memorize the first four chapters of this Āgama.
Great philosopher, Pujya Jayant Muni M.S. writes that Śrī Daśavaikālika Sūtra is the epitome of all Agamas and it's the expressway to attaining emancipation. He further reiterates that it would not be an exaggeration to say that taking a plunge into the depths of this scripture helps an aspirant to easily understand the other scriptures of Jain Philosophy.
If before reading this scripture, a monk prepares his Soul to adopt the best principles, he can speedily progress on the path of emancipation and attain salvation.
By compiling the cream essence from all Agama into this scripture, Swayambhav Swami has highly obliged us. Śrī Daśavaikālika Sūtra unfolds the many secrets of our life and alleviates the level of our accomplishments.
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ŚRĪ UTTARĀDHYAYANA SŪTRA
2ND FUNDAMENTAL SCRIPTURE
असंखयं जीविय मा पमायए, जरोवणीयस्स हु णत्थि ताणं । एवं वियाणाहि जणे
पमत्ते, किण्णू विहिंसा अजया गहिंति
ASAMKHAYAM JĪVIYA MĀ PAMĀYAE, JAROVAŅĪYASS HU ŅATTHI TĀŅAM ||
EVAM VIYĀŅĀHI JAŅE PAMATTE, KIŅŅŪ VIHIMSĀ AJAYĀ GAHIŅTI
Life is unpredictable hence one should not ease his alertness even for a moment. No one generally thinks of surrendering to a guru when nearing old age. Then think whose refuge these illiterate, violent, and indiscrete people will seek at the time when life is about to end? Thus there is no savior to protect them from death and attaining an inferior mode of life in the next birth.
जे पावकम्मेहिं धणं मणुस्सा, समाययंति अमइं गहाय । पहाय ते पासपयट्टिए णरे, वेराणुबद्धा णरयं उर्वति

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SRI UTTARADHYAYANA SUTRA
JE PĀVAKAMMEHIM DHANAM MAŅUSSĀ, SAMĀYAYAMTI AMAIM GAHAYA | PAHAYA TE PĀSAPAYATTIE NARE, VERĀŅUBADDHĀ NARAYAM UVEMTI
There are people, who due to lack of right knowledge, amass great wealth through evil deeds; get entangled in the web of evil karmas. They bind grave karmas due to love, hatred and animosity and depart from this world leaving behind their wealth, to be reborn in hell.
वित्तेण ताणं ण लभे पमत्ते, इमम्मि लोए अदुवा परत्था । दीप्पण व अनंत मोहे, णेयाउयं दमदमेव
VITTEŅA TĀŅAM NA LABHE PAMATTE, IMAMMI LOE ADUVĀ PARATTHĀ DĪVAPPAṆATTHE VA AṆAMTA MOHE, NEYĀUYAM DAṬṬHUMADAṬṬHUMEVA
A negligent soul is not protected by its wealth while living in this present world (loka) or the future births (parloka). The path that was visible in sunlight becomes invisible in the darkness of night. Similarly, a negligent (pramadi) person is unable to see the path to emancipation, because his lamp of knowledge has been turned off.
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ŚRĪ UTTARĀDHYAYANA SŪTRA
2ND FUNDAMENTAL SCRIPTURE
BHAGWAN MAHĀVĪRA'S FINAL DISCOURSE
Bhagwan Mahāvira's' final discourse gives guidance on the path to emancipation:
Before attaining liberation, Bhagwan Mahāvīra gave discourses for the upliftment of humankind for forty-eight hours at a stretch. Like a father who on his deathbed advises his son before attaining salvation, Bhagwan Mahāvīra left behind priceless advice to humankind in the form of 36 chapters of this Agama called Sri Uttarādhyayan Sūtra.
This Āgama was expressed by Bhagwan Mahāvīra in the latter (uttar) part of his life hence; it is called Śrī Uttarādhyayan Sūtra. This scripture explains how to bring out excellence in an aspirant like how to unveil the powers of one's soul and how a feeble hearted person can become strong.
The Uttarādhyayan Sūtra gives us various types of knowledge. Due to misunderstanding and misinterpretation some saints' deviate from Jainism. With
the examples of self-conduct given in the scriptures disciples of Bhagwan steady
themselves back in Jainism.
How attractions of the worldly matters lead to downfall? Attraction towards worldly matters even after attaining preception can result in downfall. The

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SRI UTTARADHYAYANA SUTRA
example of King Nami describes how he realizes that there is peace and tranquility
in being alone and how one becomes unhappy by being driven towards the worldly matters. He leaves his five hundred wives and becomes a monk. At that time, Lord Indra tests his credibility. How an aspiring monk is tested has been depicted in this Agama.
How a devotee can unveil, the infinite knowledge of his soul has been skillfully explained. This Āgama shows seventy-three different ways of achieving progress on the path of emancipation. It focuses on right conduct and behavior to achieve
liberation.

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ŚRĪ NANDI SUTRA 3RD FUNDAMENTAL SCRIPTURE
जयइ जगजीवजोणीवियाणओ, जगगुरु जगाणंदो । जगणाहो जगबंधू, जयइ जगप्पियामहो भयवं ॥
JAYAI JAGAJĪVAJOŅĪVIYĀŅAO, JAGAGURU JAGĀŅAMDO | JAGAŅĀHO
JAGABAMDHŪ, JAYAI JAGAPPIYĀMAHO BHAYAVAM |
The one who knows the six elements of the world ( dravyas), the birth places of all living beings, the Supreme power who gives happiness to them, Lord of all moving and non-moving beings, a friend of the world, he who incarnates preception and is the father to all living beings, such Arihant Bhagwan - Rushabhdev be worshiped by one and all.
जयइ सुयाणं पभवो, तित्थयराणं अपच्छिमो जयइ ।
जयइ गुरु लोगाणं, जयइ महप्पा महावीरो ॥
JAYAI SUYĀŅAM PABHAVO, TITTHAYARĀŅAM, APACCHIMO JAYAI |
JAYAI GURU LOGĀŅAM, JAYAI MAHAPPĀ MAHĀVĪRO |
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SRI NANDI SUTRA
Bhagwan Mahāvīra, the originator and main source of knowledge be worshiped by all. May the last Tirthankara of the current 24 Tirthankaras, who is born in this descending period of the time cycle, be worshiped by everyone. May he remain
victorious!
भदं सव्वजगुज्जोयगस्स, भदं जिणस्स वीरस्स । भई सुराऽसुर णमंसियस्स, भदं धुयकम्मरयस्स ॥
BHADDAM SAVVAJAGUJJOYAGASSA, BHADDAM JIŅASSA VĪRASSA BHADDAM SURĀ'SURA ŅAMAMSIYASSA, BHADDAM
DHUYAKAMMARAYASSA ||
We wish for the prosperity of the giver of right knowledge to the world. He has no affection or animosity towards anyone; hence divine creatures and demons worship him simultaneously. We always wish the well-being of Bhagwan Mahāvīra, who has annihilated all his karmas.
णिव्बुइपहसासणय, जयइ सया सव्वभावदेसणय । कुसमयमय णासणयं, जिणिंदवर वीरसासणयं ॥
ŅIVVUIPAHASĀSŅAYAM, JAYAI SAYĀ SAVVABHĀVADESAŅAYAM || KUSAMAYAMAYA ŅĀSAŅAYAM, JIŅIDAVARA VĪRASĀSAŅAYAM
Lord Mahāvīra is the guide to the path of Nirvana (Salvation) through right
knowledge, right conduct, and right preception. May his reign prosper in all times.

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ŚRĪ NANDI SŪTRA
3RD FUNDAMENTAL SCRIPTURE
DESCRIPTION OF RATIONAL KNOWLEDGE DEVOTION TOWARDS SANGHA (Sangha Bhakti)
Prime importance is shown towards state of knowledge (Gyān Daśā) for the saints. This scripture, the Nandi Sūtra, contains special description as how knowledge emerges from within, This Sūtra with the help of five types of knowledge, explains about a soul's journey from spiritual knowledge (ātmā Gyan) to Omniscience (total Knowledge - kewalgyan).
Awareness of the soul is the reason of eternal bliss and joy. In Nandi Sūtra, there is a description of Sangha (association) and its management. It gives insight into the religious preceptors of Lord Mahāvīra. There is a description of the highest level of a spiritual soul that attains omniscience due to supreme compassion towards Lord Mahāvīra. Nandi Sūtra is a portrayal of intelligence and its potentiality. How a person can increase his memory, retaining power and achieve success is described in this scripture.lt enlightens us about the different types of assemblies and the audience who can absorb this to purify their soul.
Those who want to unveil secrets of knowledge must study the Nandi Sūtra.
This Sūtra is the director which tells us how to grasp the right knowledge. The Nandi Sūtra is a timeless treasure of knowledge.
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SRI ANNUYOGDWĀRA SŪTRA
4TH FUNDAMENTAL SCRIPTURE
THE SYSTEM OF ASSOCIATING MEANING WITH WORDS FOR ADVANCEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE
The simplicity with which Lord Mahāvīra's profound knowledge is expressed is known as Annuyogdwār. It directs us on how the complex mind of the Lord's intellect can be understood easily. One word can have numerous meanings and secrets and therefore can be interpreted in many different ways. This Sūtra teaches us how to interpret a word correctly and hence it is known as Annuyogdwār Sūtra. The definition of Anuyog is to bring out the appropriate meaning of the word.
It is important for all those people who create and make dictionaries to read the Anuyogdwār Sūtra. How to bring out the precise meaning of a word and how to
express the multiple meanings of a word is projected through the Annuyogdwār Sūtra. It imparts a system to simplify complex topics. Therefore Lord Mahāvīra has emphasized this to be an essential Sūtra. If one word has, so many different meanings then imagine the number of meanings and the essence of the words
that exist in the world. This Sūtra imparts the technique of how to bring out the
true essence of the words. It portrays how right knowledge of an individual can be used to its fullest enabling him to strengthen his mind power. The Annuyogdwaar Sūtra is a very essential medium of learning and expanding vocabulary.

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FOUR CHEDA SŪTRAS
Whenever any spiritual seeker enters the world of sanctity his imperfect past plays a hindrance in his progress.
Therefore, he progresses spiritually but due to his past karmas, he is bound to slip down. The Cheda Sūtra shows the path of freeing the soul from karmas and become pure.
The Four volumes of Cheda Sutras are a source of inspiration from Lord Mahāvīra for soul purification. The Sūtras have an in-depth description defining how the seekers can rid themselves of vices that hinder their progress in accomplishing their goal of purifying their souls. It indicates that penance and repentance are the two ways in which one can purify one's soul.
These scriptures depict the different rules and regulations that need to be followed by ascetics to protect them from any vices. The scriptures also list the oaths that are to be taken by the followers of Bhagwan Mahāvīra, which help in the instant purification of their souls. They also provide remedies of breaking oaths due to unavoidable circumstances.
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ŚRĪ NISHITHA SUTRA
1ST CHEDA SŪTRA
जे भिक्खू रयहरणं उस्सीसमूले ठवेइ, ठवेंतं वा साइज्जइ। तं सेवमाणे आवज्जइ
मासियं परिहारट्ठाणं उग्घाइयं ।
JE BHIKKHŪ RAYAHARAŅAM USSISAMŪLE THAVET, THAVEŅTAM VĀ SĀIJJAI
TAM SEVAMĀŅE ÁVAJJAI MĀSIYAM PARIHĀRAȚTHĀŅAM UGDHĀIYAM ||
A Jain monk (male or female) uses, intends to use or encourages others in using the whiskbroom (rajoharan) as a pillow for resting the head, then he or she in repentance of this misdeed is entitled to a maximum penance of fasting for a month.
जे भिक्खु भदंत आगाढं वयइ, वयंत वा साइज्जइ ।
JE BHIKKHU BHADAMTAM ĀGĀDHAM VAYAI, VAYAMTAM VĀ SĀIJJAI
A Jain monk who talks angrily or supports others who are talking angrily with
the Guru or Acārya;

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SRI NISHITHA SUTRA
ज भिक्खु भदंत फरुसं वयइ, वयंत वा साइज्जइ ।
JE BHIKKHU BHADAMTAM PHARUSAM VAYAI, VAYAMTAM
VĀ SĀIJJAI |
A Jain monk who uses harsh words or supports others who talk harshly with
the Guru, Acārya or senior monks;
जे भिक्खु भदंतं आगाढं फरुसं वयइ,वयंत वा साइज्जइ।
JE BHIKKHU BHADAMTAM ĀGĀDHAM PHARUSAM VAYAI, VAYAMTAM VĀ SĀLJAI
A Jain monk who talks angrily and harshly or supports others who do so with
the Guru or Acārya;
जे भिक्खु भदंत अण्णयरीए अच्चासायणाए अच्चासाएइ, अच्चासाएतं वा साइज्जइ ।
JE BHIKKHU BHADAMTAM AŅŅAYARTE ACCĀSĀYAŅĀE ACCĀSĀEI,
ACCĀSĀEMTAM VĀ SĀIJJAI
A Jain monk who disrespects or supports others who show disrespect in any one of the thirty three different ways of causing disrespect to the Guru or Acārya; Then in that case they have to fast for maximum of four months in repentance for their misbehaviour.
PERSONAL WITH GURU IS AN EXCELLENT OPPORTUNITY
• TO MANIFEST TRUE (REAL) KNOWLEDGE.

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ŚRĪ NISHITHA SŪTRA
1ST CHEDA SŪTRA
SOUL PURIFICATION THROUGH REPENTANCE
Nishith Sūtra is the core Sūtra in the list of Lord Mahāvīra's description of
Cheda Sūtras. Nishith means night or darkness. As the darkness of the night gives birth to, many sins, the sunlight provides solutions to such sins. Similarly, Lord Mahāvīra with the help of Nishith Sūtra has shown his disciples and ascetics how to stay alert to avoid binding of sins and if committed then how one can get rid of them and purify their souls.
Nishith Sūtra mentions the penance prescribed as repentance for transgressing the limits of yogic life. When a monk commits a sin like preaching anti-preception or violates religious principles, in such cases he is expelled from religious tasks for twelve years. During these years, he is given certain tasks that restores him back to the right path and develop respect for religion in him. When a yogi brings disgrace to preception, it is considered graver than committing violence. This
describes how Lord Mahāvira emphasized the importance of respecting and
following preception (religion) sincerely and faithfully. The Nishith Sūtra consists of twenty chapters describing the ways of penance for monks to annihilate sins. The three solutions namely penance, repentance and self-purification are well explained in this Sūtra. These are to be followed mainly by monks.

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ŚRĪ DAŠĀŠRUTSKANDHA SŪTRA
2ND CHEDA SŪTRA
से किं तं वयणसंपया ? वयणसंपया चउव्विहा पण्णत्ता, तं जहा- आदेयवयणे यावि भवइ, महुरवयणे यावि भवइ, अणिस्सियवयणे यावि भवइ, असंदिद्धवयणे
यावि भवइ । से तं वयणसंपया ।
SE KIM TAM VAYAŅASAMPAYĀ ? VAYAŅASAMPAYA CAUVVIHĀ PANNATTĀ, TAM JAHĀ- ADEYAVAYAŅE YĀVI BHAVAI, MAHURAVAYAŅE YĀVI BHAVAI, AŅISSIYAVAYAŅE YĀVI BHAVAYI, ASAMDIDDHAVAYAŅE YĀVI BHAVAI
SE TAM VAYAŅASAMPAYA |
Q: What are the different types of qualities of speech (sampada)? A: There are mainly four categories of opulent speech 1. Influential speech-this speech is respected by and acceptable to all. 2. Soft speech - sweet and nicely spoken. 3. Humble speech - a type which is spoken without anger or possessiveness
(attachment & aversion) 4. Confident speech - a type which is spoken without any ambiguity.

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Speech is an important medium of preaching and spreading preception. All types of behaviour are influenced by speech. Truth, love and benevolence are assets of a Acārya (head monk) hence, they are known as assets of speech.
SRI DASASRUTSKANDHA SUTRA
There are four categories of speech:
1. INFLUENTIAL SPEECH:
A Guru's precept, his benevolent speech or discourse is not only accepted respectfully by a disciple but also accepted as a proven fact by one and all. Speech which has such an impact on all is called influential speech.
One who tries to accomplish truthful, loving, benevolent and polite speech for a very long time and practices silence also binds specific good karmas that on maturity makes a person's speech influential. Acarya have practiced such penance in their previous birth hence, they have an influential speech.
2. SOFT-SPOKEN SPEECH:
When softly spoken, even grave and stern words fall under the category of softspoken speech. A soft spoken person is loved by everyone. Such a person can easily administer the society. That is why Acarya express the essence of Agama in a soft-spoken manner in their discourse. They never speak harshly or use words that are anti-preception and contrary to Jin vacan (precept).
3. UNBIASED SPEECH:
Nishchit speech (biased speech) is a form in which one expresses himself with possessiveness or hatred. Anishchit speech (unbiased speech) means a form where one avoids the use of possessiveness or hatred in its speech. Acārya should speak peaceful words benevolently in an unbiased manner. Acārya has to command the society on the whole hence he should have unbiased speech.
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SRI DASASRUTSKANDHA SUTRA
4. CONFIDENT SPEECH:
Unconfident speech means words full of doubts and apprehension whereas convincing speech means to speak unambiguously, with clarity that conveys the desired meaning. Confident and clear precepts are accepted by disciples as they help them in learning the secrets from the scriptures. Thus by following the advice given in them, they progress spiritually. Hence, Ācārya never speaks apprehensively.
Achāraya speech should be humble, unbiased and acceptable to all.
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ŚRĪ DAŠĀŚRUTSKANDHA SŪTRA
2ND CHEDA SŪTRA
DESCRIPTION OF RESTRAINT AND CHARACTER PURIFICATION IN AN ASCETIC'S LIFE
Śrī Daśāśrutskandha Sūtra is a compilation consisting of ten chapters that describes how to respect a Guru, how to politely understand a Guru's desires, how to abstain from doing things that a Guru dislikes and how a disciple causes grave disrespect of the Guru when he refrains from rightful conduct. It explains what dire consequences the disciple has to face for showing disrespect to his Guru.
The type of inclinations and activities that are performed by a person due to manifestation of karmas bound due to extreme feeling of obsession are portrayed, due to which in the future he loses the shelter of preception for infinite years. The reasons for this are explained in this scripture.
This Agama also holds Lord Mahāvīra's explanation of committing grave sins after renunciation and its consequences. The common person or ignorant man is not fit to read this Agama and usually a Guru does not give his consent to read. Those disciples who have attained a high level of devoutness are worthy to read this Āgama, feel modest, serene, and attain a state of supreme bliss. Feelings of extreme obligations towards Lord Mahāvīra have been expressed in this Āgama, although this is not meant to be read by all.
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SRĪ BRUHATKALPA SŪTRA
3RD CHEDA SŪTRA
णो कप्पइ णिग्गंथाणं गाहावइ-कुलस्स
मज्झमज्झेणं गंतु वत्थए ।
ŅO KAPPEI NIGGAMTHĀŅAM GĀHĀVAI-KULASSA MAJJHAM MAJJHEŅAM
GAMTUM VATTHAE
Jain male monks are prohibited to live in a private residential place which is
occupied by a family.
कप्पइ णिग्गंथीणं गाहावइ-कुलस्स
मज्जमज्झेणं गंतुं वत्थए ।
KAPPEI ŅIGGAMTHĪŅAM GĀHĀVAI-KULASSA MAJJHAMJHEŅAM
GAMTUM VATTHAE |
Jain female monks can traverse through the path of family occupied residence to go to their place of living.

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SRI BRUHATKALPA SUTRA
णो कप्पर णिग्गंथीणं सविसाणंसि पीढंसि वा फलगंसि
वा आसइत्तए वा तुयट्टित्तए वा ।
NO KAPPEI NIGGAMTHĪŅAM SAVISĀŅAMSI PĪDHAMSI VĀ PHALAGAMSI VĀ ĀSAITTAE VĀ TUYATTITTAE VĀ |
It is not a good act for a Jain female monk to use a high wooden throne or wooden cot for sitting or sleeping.
कप्पइ णिग्गंथाणं सविसाणंसि पीढंसि वा फलगंसि वा आसइत्तए वा तुयट्टित्त वा ।
KAPPEI NIGGAMTHĀŅAM SAVISĀṆAMSI PĪDHAMSI VĀ PHALAGAMSI VĀ ĀSAITTAE VĀ TUYATTITTAE VĀ |
A Jain male monk can sit or sleep on a high wooden throne or wooden cot.

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ŚRĪ BRUHATKALPA SŪTRA
3RD CHEDA SŪTRA
LIMITATIONS IN A MONK'S (ASCETIC's) LIFE
The Bruhatkalpa Sūtra is one amongst Lord Mahāvīra's Cheda Sūtras . Kalp meaning limits; Bruhat meaning special. The scripture which describes the major limitations in a monk's life is called Sri Bruhatkalpa Sūtra.
With his omniscient knowledge, Lord Mahāvīra knew that due to the strong influence of manifestation of sins bound due to behavioural obsession, and due to lack of rational vision, many questions can arise in the faith and conduct of the people of this era. Hence, how to solve those questions, bring piousness in their
conduct and serenity in their life, has been explained in Sri Bruhatkalpa Sūtra.
In this, Sūtra Lord Mahāvīra has given explanations and various rules are laid down to alleviate the state of a monk in present times.
Literally, speaking this Sūtra talks only about lifestyle and management of a
monk's life, hence, it's not advisable for a common man to read this Sūtra. But for spiritual seekers who have achieved a high level of holiness this Sūtra throws light
on how by contemplation and meditation one can successfully tackle many types of psychological situations. Lord Mahāvīra can be described as a very intelligent psychologist who very well understood human psyche and has explained various
remedies to keep a balanced state of mind in this Agama.
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SRI BRUHATKALPA SUTRA
In this very Āgama, it has been described if a snake bites at midnight, how the effect of its poison can be eliminated by chanting of mantras.
If a river has to be crossed then how to step in the water also if the opportunity comes to cross the river in a boat, how should that be executed?
In this way, the traditions which are not followed in present times but were abundantly followed during Lord Mahāvīra's era are well described in Śrī Bruhatkalpa Sutra.
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ŚRĪ VYAVAHĀRA SŪTRA
4TH CHEDA SŪTRA
भिक्खू य गणाओ अवक्कम्म ओहावेज्जा, से य इच्छेज्जा दोच्चं पि तमेव गणं उवसंपज्जित्ताणं विहरित्तए, णत्थि णं तस्स केई तप्पत्तियं छेए वा परिहारे वा, णण्णत्थ एगाए सेहोवट्ठावणियाए ।
BHIKKHŪ YA GAŅĀO AVAKKAMMA OHĀVEJJĀ, SE YA ICCHEJJĀ DOCCAM PI TAMEVA GAŅAM UVASAMPAJJITTĀŅAM VIHARITTAE, WATTHI ŅAM TASSA KET TAPPATIYAM CHEE VĀ PARIHĀRE VĀ, ŅAŅŅATTHA EGĀESEHOVAȚTHĀVAŅIYĀE |
If a monk, who has quit monkhood and now wishes to rejoin the group as monk again is permitted to do so. However, there is no penance prescribed as repentance for such a situation. Hence, the person has to be given diksha again to enable him to
rejoin the group. This Sūtra describes the procedure of re-initiation or acceptance
of the monk back in the group. The author has highlighted three major reasons to why a monk gives up the restraint life, 1. He is unable to withstand the difficulties or adversities. 2. Circumstantial discomfort due to friction between monks. 3. Due
to manifestation of karmas bound, he gets attracted to worldly pleasures.
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ŚRĪ VYAVAHĀRA SŪTRA
4TH CHEDA SŪTRA
A DIALOGUE BETWEEN YOGIS AND SHRAVAKS
Asceticism can be practiced when one is alone but one has to be social when in a crowd. When surrounded by a crowd we communicate with many people, transact with them and also socialise with them. Lord Mahāvīra has given guidelines on what should be the ideal behaviour between a Guru and a disciple, two disciples, two Gurus and two common people (householders - shravaks). He has explained how should, two people behave with each other on meeting. Lord Mahāvīra knew that when a person is alone or in solitude there is peace, while in a crowd there is all likeliness of unrest. Solutions for creating proper organisations so as to avoid disturbances, disputes and unrest have been given by Lord Mahāvīra in this Vyavahāra Sūtra.
Vyavahara Sūtra is essential to those who want deep knowledge of systematic and organized life styles. But as this is a Cheda Sūtra it is not appropriate to be read by common man. Only those sadhaks who have attained a high level of godliness can read this Āgama. This Vyavahāra Sūtra provides solutions to creating an atmosphere of love, peace and healthy dialogue within a family. This scripture provides solutions for creating a cordial atmosphere within families, social organizations and groups of people. Vyavahāra Sūtra is a scripture of establishing unity between people as a whole.
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ŚRĪ ĀVAŠYAKA SŪTRA
चत्तारि लोगुत्तमा-अरिहंता लोगुत्तमा, सिद्धा लोगुत्तमा, साहू लोगुत्तमा, केवलि-पण्णतो धम्मो लोगुत्तमो ।
CATTARI LOGUTTAMĀ - ARIHAMTĀ LOGUTTAMĀ, SIDDHA LOGUTTAMĀ,
SĀHŪ LOGUTTAMĀ, KEVALI – PAŅŅTO DHAMMO LOGUTTAMO
In this world, there are four Supremes. They are as follows: Arihant Lord is the most admired in this universe, Siddh Lord is the most admired in this universe, divine monks are the most admired in this world, and the preception propagated and sermoned by omniscient souls is the most admired in this world.
चत्तारि सरणं पवज्जामि-अरिहंते सरणं पवज्जामि, सिद्धे सरण पवज्जामि, साहू सरणं पवज्जामि, केवलि
पण्णत्तं धम्म सरणं पवज्जामि।
CATTARI SARANAM PAVAJJAMI - ARIHAMTE SARANAM PAVAJJAMI, SIDDHE SARAŅAM PAVAJJĀMI, SĀHŪ SARAŅAM PAVAJJĀMI, KEVALI - PAŅŅTAM
DHAMMAM SARAŅAM PAVAJJĀMI
I hereby accept four Shelters: Lord Arihant' shelter, Siddha Lord's shelter, Jain monk's shelter and shelter of the preception sermoned by omniscient souls.
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ŚRĪ ĀVASYAKA SUTRA
ESSENTIAL RITUALS TO ATTAIN SOUL PURIFICATION
The daily essential practices of a monk or yogi have been described in the Avaśyaka Sūtra. How to purify oneself from the daily sins and mistakes, and the process to reach a state of freedom from karmas through repentances has been explained in Śri Avaśyaka Sūtra.
The Sūtra describes how to have complete faith in the Lord, be compassionate towards all living beings and behave humbly with the Guru. Avaśyaka Sūtra defines the best solutions to sins committed in day to day life. Avaśyaka Sūtra is suggested to be performed by both monks and common man in present times. This method of penance is called Pratikraman Sūtra. It is a process to purify any impurity of the soul, due to which karmas which are bound daily become niddhat (lighter and easy to eradicate) and hence, are stopped from becoming nikāchit (difficult to eradicate). The karmas that need to be borne on its manifestation are termed as nikachit and the karmas, which can be cleared in course of time, are termed as niddhat karmas. Karma repented upon during pratikraman become niddhat karma and when pratikraman is not done these karmas become nikāchit karmas, which have to be faced when they are manifested. This is best described in Avaśyaka Sūtra. In this way, Avaśyaka Sūtra is a priceless document which can really improve our future. All sadhaks should essentially perform Avaśyaka Sūtra. Avaśyaka Sūtra motivates us to do pratikraman that in turn leads us to Parmātmā.
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BEFORE YOU BEGIN STUDYING
AGAMA SASTRAS.
In the Āgama, Lord Mahāvīra has revealed astonishing mysteries of this universe. Āgama Šāstras are extremely pious and invaluable. Therefore, as mentioned in Śāstras, one must take extreme care while reading them. Fundamental scriptures (Mool Sūtra) cannot be read by anyone at any time. It is necessary to obtain permission from the Guru before reading any Āgama Šāstras. One must become worthy of reading the Āgama. The shāstras specify the time and time limit of reading the Āgama. They also mention which Āgama can be read when and at what time of the day. Agama cannot be read in the following circumstances; If one
sees a falling star, if there is a fire in the immediate vicinity, if there are unseasonal
rains, if there is thunder and lightning in the sky, if there is a hail storm, in foggy, weather, within hundred metres of a crematory ground, during solar and lunar eclipses, in places smelling of stool or urine, in a country where the king has been declared dead, at dawn and dusk, mid-afternoon and midnight etc. (including certain akāl- banned days tithis). Only after getting appropriate guidelines from the Guru, should one read the Āgama. Swādhayāya (Sajhāi) means learning the scriptures and sūtras. The learned Achāraya advocated not reading the scriptures on certain days and certain times, such days and time are called akāl. There are twelve akāls. If one has committed the sin of disrespecting the scriptures then one should confess to a Guru and sincerely ask for repentance. One should always
respect the Āgama.
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PSYCHOLOGY, BIOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT, MIND, SPEECH AND BODY (YOGA)
Psychiatrists and psychologists study and analyze human minds and derive many conclusions. Psychologists treat physical and psychological diseases by their own methodology. Any physical disease is related to some sort of psychological problem. Psychologists can treat such diseases only up to a certain extent whereas, philosophers not giving importance to purification of body, have invariably joined the treatment to purify the soul as Viträg Parmātmā is the best doctor who can free one from the vicious cycle of birth and death.
As per Floyd perceptions, holy thoughts are converted into firm decisions, similarly Jainism explains the intentions (bhāvnão) and karmic aura. The Agama contains the karma theory, the energy that delays the manifestation and increases the intensity of karmas (udvartan), the energy that makes possible premature manifestation of karmas (udirana), annihilation of karmas before manifestation (sankraman) etc.
Śrī Āvaśyaka Sūtra details an in-depth procedure of repentance for the sins committed by physical actions or mental inclinations knowingly or unknowingly while sleeping or in dreams.
Explanation of karmic body in Jainism is similar to the unconscious mind as explained in Floyd preception. Our actions, whether done by mind, speech or
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body are related to our kārmic body. Research in modern day psychology is only limited to karmic body whereas Jainism says there is a pure soul beyond physical (Aaudārik) body, fire (Tejas) body and karmic body.
Jain mythology permits hypnotism, but it is used for a good cause. Psychologists, by hypnotizing first relax the body of their patients and then try to reach the subconscious mind.
In Sri Avaśyaka Sūtra, the procedure of kayotsarga is explained. Kāyotsarga means to make the body motionless. Hypnotism combined with meditation helps in increasing fearlessness, getting rid of bad habits, concentration and decisionmaking. Logassa is also a psychological method to connect your soul with the librated souls and is a way of purifying the self. Logassa helps us to awaken strengths of our subconscious mind and helps in increasing our spirituality.
In Jain rituals, the act of bowing down on knees with head bent touching the floor (vandana), and paying homage is very important. The Jain Āchāraya have advocated this ritual because this involves yoga, exercise and a positive psychological impact.
When you bow down, your stomach is pressed and as a result the pancreas secretes a hormone which calms our tāmsic nature. This is a physiological reaction. When one bows down and does sãshtāng pranām, the cosmic energy easily enters in him. Bowing down to pay homage not only brings about physical change but also transforms one's nature, making him humble. It helps to dissolve the ego as well. This psychological phenomenon dissolves our self-centered attitude and instills devotion in us. Bowing down to the liberated souls with such feelings of devotion helps us in being completely dedicated to them. One can find such explanation of sashtāng pranām in Sri Avaśyaka Sūtra and other Agama Śāstras.
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Recent findings of psychology reveal that nobody can concentrate for more than 48 minutes in normal circumstances. The chief disciples of Lord Mahāvīra (Ganadharas) have prescribed 48 minutes as the length of the religious ritual called Sāmāyik (to stay calm and inactive with equanimity for 48 minutes).
In the auspicious Sūtrakrutānga Āgama, there is one chapter called Aadrak, in which elephant poachers believe that by killing a big elephant, you commit lesser sins than eating several vegetables which has one sense. This is how they prove that they follow non-violence better than others. But Jainism believes that the degree of violence or nonviolence does not necessarily depend on the number of lives one has taken but it depends on the type (1 to 5 senses) of life one destroys. Śri Bhagwati Āgama Sūtra narrates that killing mobile beings like animals and human beings is a grave sin, but the sins become graver by killing yogis. Āgama provides an elaborate research on the population of each type of living being and the immense strength each type of body can possess. They further elaborated that a body is killed but not a soul. Therefore, while observing violence and nonviolence, the number does not matter but the important thing is how many senses and knowledge the living being possesses.
The degree of violence or nonviolence depends on the intensity of one's intentions and his psychological state. This analysis shows social consideration and various facets of truth (Anekāntwād).
Penance has been considered by Jain Sūtras as a means of annihilating karmas. Still you cannot ignore the importance of penance from the scientific point of view. Fasting, unodari (eating less than your hunger) and ayambil (eating food made without vigaya i.e. milk, curd, sugar, jaggery, oil and ghee) are very useful for maintaining good health.
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One does not eat anything while observing a fast. Therefore, our digestive system is rested as a result its purification begins. This in turn initiates the selfpurification process of the entire body. Toxins are excreted out of the body through the process of autolysis. Tumours and less useful tissues get dissolved and body becomes fit and healthy.
In Jainism, sitting or standing in different postures while performing religious rituals has scientific significance. Postures while reciting Nammothunnam, Icchami Khamāsamno, Chattāri Mangalam and Khāmņā result in natural acupressure
actions.
Nammothunnam posture helps in practicing celibacy.
Dandapatik, Uttsayan, Avmasyat and cow milking postures help in concentrating and annihilating karmas. They are also very useful for balanced secretion from
endocrine glands and blood circulation.
Recently science has concluded that infinite living beings exist in the roots of
plants and trees but this has been mentioned in Jain scriptures thousands of
years ago and therefore Jains advocate not eating them.
As per Jain belief, a life originates in any of these three ways:
1. Samoorchchhim birth (Self born): Are those who take birth without sexual
intercourse of male-female. There are fourteen ways that they can take birth.
Science found this in the 18th and 19th century that there can be new life without male-female copulation and generations can run through this method non-biological reproduction. Biological reproduction means giving birth to young ones. However as per Jainism, one gets birth based on his karmas and biological
reproduction is the subsequent step.
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2. Biological birth: After copulation between male-female, a life takes birth from particles of sperm and ovarian blood in the womb of the mother. Different animals have different gestation periods before the young one is born from female's reproductive organ.
3. Uppat birth: Such births are taken by celestial beings (devas) and beings in hells.
What scientists have discovered in the 18th and 19th century is already mentioned in Jain scriptures thousands of years ago. Self-born lives have one sense to five senses including humans. For the reason to practice celibacy, Jain Sādhus cannot live where woman, impotents and animals live. This is a very
important rule which is full of scientific mysteries.
Each life has micro magnetic energy. For example, we find electric eel fish which produces a good quantity of energy. Therefore, where you find electrical energy you also find magnetic energy. In a similar way, humans also have biological electromagnetic energy. Thus all living beings have electromagnetic energy. This has been proven by western scientist. In magnets similar poles repel while,
opposite poles attract when they meet each other's field.
Therefore, while practicing celibacy a woman and man should not constantly stare at each other's eyes, face or other body parts. They also should not share the same mattress. A celibate (brahmachāri) male should not sit in the same place occupied by a woman, before 48 minutes. Similarly, a woman should not sit for three hours in a place that was occupied by a man.
With passage of time, environmental imbalance and global warming has become a big problem in this world. Jain Agama suggests a lifestyle with fundamentals such as non-violence, non-possessiveness and control and lists rules to be adhered to which are definitely environmental friendly.

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Jain preception has accepted that there is life in earth, water, fire, air and vegetation and therefore they should be protected and should not be wasted. One of the sūtra explains the dependency and inter-relation of living things. This is what is exactly needed to save the environment. Iriyāvahiyam Sūtra teaches us non-violence which means if we have hurt any life knowingly or unknowingly then we should seek forgiveness (apologise).
Excessive consumption, unrestricted use and lack of self control has resulted
in wastage of natural resources and therefore, Jain precepts suggests to follow a culture of necessity rather than enjoyment.
Reckless consumption of disposable articles generates lot of garbage in the world and waste management has become a very painful process in the entire world. Therefore, Jainism prescribes five self-regulations (samitis) and three types of self-restraints (guptis). In that 'Päritthāvniyā’ is very important in addressing above problem which teaches us on how to self - regulate disposal
of body-excreta.
In today's world, man has distanced himself from Mother Nature and therefore, he is not able to understand and accept nature's messages and indications. Some
time ago the elephants in Thailand understood the Earth's movements and could
predict the advent of a tsunami. Mother Nature has not only put life into us but also instilled photoreceptor cells, which help us to be receptive to it. The photo receptive tissues are getting weaker in human beings. Saints practiced penance and meditation in small rooms of religious places or in caves of Himalayas or on the peak of a mountain, they neither went to libraries for any reference books nor did they perform any experiments in any laboratory. Still they could unfold so many mysteries of Mother Nature. If you really study Jain Āgama in-depth then you can find solutions to any problem in the world. The saints, who have totally
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annihilated their knowledge obstructing karmas and manifested the omniscient
knowledge, have been able to reveal all the mysteries of Mother Nature.
All great scientists around the world respect Lord Mahāvīra for His complete and true knowledge, therefore Einstein said if I reincarnate as human being then
I would want to be born in India as a Jain monk to conduct a research my soul
and its qualities.
SHAPE OF THE UNIVERSE AS PER JAINISM
There is a huge difference between principles of Geography-Astronomy as per Jainism as compared to what is believed presently. This raises many questions about Jain scriptures. However, in the field of Physics principles described by
Jain scholars are proven right. There is an incredible similarity between Jain
scriptures and scientists of the present world regarding principles of time, space
and matter. Great saints of ancient times and scientists of the present world have
contemplated a lot about 'Time'. In the Jain scriptures, a lot is written about time,
space and matter. Even in modern times new research is being done on these
subjects.
The omniscient Tirthankars (supreme beings) had the knowledge about the
entire universe and with the help of their knowledge they have mentioned that there are infinite suns and moons in this universe. You can find further information of this in many Āgama and other Jain scriptures such as Bhagwatiji,
Jivābhigam, Suryaprajñapti, Candraprajñapti, Jyotiskarandak, Kshetralokprakash,
Brihat Sangrahani, etc.
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CONSCIOUSNESS AND COSMOS AS GIANT COMPUTER
Recently science has started discussing consciousness. Scientists have also started giving their opinion about the shape of the Universe.
Now scientists provide their opinion that the entire cosmos is a giant computer.
At the time of formation of the universe there was a massive blast. During that time the cosmos was the size of a small dot and its future was programmed. That programme has been honestly implemented by the universe. Its components came into existence in an orderly manner and started developing. After components and energy were formed, massive stars and milky-ways came to existence.
Like following a programmed computer consciousness also spurted. The initial components of consciousness remained undeveloped for billions of years and then slowly started revolutionizing, giving birth to an intelligent civilized life.
By this hypothesis, if the state of some components are changed in an orderly way, then lives of nigod are scattered all over the universe and different living beings develop out of them which are earth - bodied, water-bodied, air-bodied, fire-bodied or plant -bodied. If these things are established by science then the
entire picture of universe will be different from what has been described.
Jain Agama also describes fifteen types of lands namely five Bharat, five Aivrat and five Mahāvideh areas.
In Hindustan times, one Russian scientist wrote that “The earth on which we live has more than 10 million times population than what we believe."
In the year 1965, few scientists informed united information that "Similar to
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A Russian astrologer believes that “There are 7000 more planets than what we know with intelligent people living there."
In short, Indian scientists should research the different branches of science such as geology, physics, biology, atomic science, geography and astrology by invariably taking the base of ancient philosophers and scriptures. If that happens, then Indian scientists can provide an invaluable gift to the field of science.
In the last century, the Russian couple Kirliyan and an Indian scientist Dr.Dutta invented the photography of aura (leshya) and informed the world what Lord Mahāvīra preached 2500 years ago about the aura is true and that every living
being and matter has an aura.
Common man may get fascinated by the discoveries of the modern day science and look for scientific reasoning in everything. However, the science itself curiously looks at the spiritual world and the preaching of spiritual leaders and is just eager
to research and prove it scientifically. By discoveries from such curiosity, science
has realized one truth that 'After the death of the body, something lives eternally:
Based on few recent discoveries, Vera Stanley Alder wrote in the 'Findings of the third eye' that there is a possibility that scientific discovery and preaching of ancient spiritual scholars will coincide with each other. The only difference among them could be of how it is described and how it is presented. Science takes help of such knowledge to resolve the mysteries of this world and tries to stamp them as scientific findings. Therefore, the intelligent human race is getting fascinated by these findings and getting distanced from the spiritual world, and hence, in such a state it is natural that the above said words will grab the attention of anyone. If these truths explained by scholars after studying the scriptures are certified by science then people will have more faith in preception (religion).

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If you consider science like a speck of dust, then preception is like gold but in the past even a speck of dust was required to measure the weight of gold. Ācārya Vinoba Bhave once said, science is the breath of life and spiritual practice is the heart of life. If preception and science come together then it can truly benefit this human race.
Only the eradication of superstitions and practicing preception with discretion
can benefit us.
I BOW DOWN THREE TIMES AND ASK FORGIVENESS, IF I HAVE GONE AGAINST ANY PRINCIPLE OF JAINISM OR IN CONTROVERSY
OF THE SCRIPTURES

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NOTES

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PRĀKRIT SŪTRA TRANSLITERATION GUIDE
by
to
buy
els 4 ou de
Vowels & Diphthongs: 31 - a 311 - ā 5-i $ - 1 3 - 0 3 - ū # - s # - [ -
-e t ai 311-O 31t - au Consonants Gutturals
Palatals Cerebrals Dentals क - ka
T - ca Ć - ţa
- ta U -kha छ - cha G - țha
- tha ग - ga
ज - ja 5 - da
द - da E - gha झ - jha T - dha
& - dhal 5 - na
57 - ña OT - ņa
न - na 9 - pa
- ya श - sa
ह - ha फ - pha
र - ra
__ष - sa - ba ल - la
स - sa भ - bha
ā - ļa H - ma
व - va Anusvāra Anunāsika Visarga Jihvāmūliya
0:- h
( - h Upadhmaniya Avagraha (See Note 1) - h
S -' (apostrophe) - ksa T - tra
7 - jña
외 서 4 외 외 되 의외로
.
- m
Note 1. Exceptions: Anusvāra is transliterated by: 'n before gutturals,'ñ before palatals,' ņ before cerebrals, 'n before Dentals and ' m before Labials

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