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NIYAMA 1]
सटीको वृत्तजातिसमुच्चयः
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certainly is not meant for the second constituent of the Sirsaka, namely the Gīti.
V. 27 : The 3 Pañcamātras which have a long letter at their end, i.e., the
first 3 among the 8 mentioned in v. 16 above are respectively called Suragaja (ISS), Garuda (SIS) and Bhujagendra (IIIS); see Prāksta Paingala I. 28-29.
V. 28: A long letter is known by the names of the different gems or orna
ments, or even by words Mani, Ratna, Abharana and Camara. See Prākṣta Paingala I. 21, 31. A group of 3 Mātrās with a long letter at the end, i.e., a group of short and a long letter (IS), is called by the names of a banner like Dhvajapatta or Kadalikā etc. See Prāksta Paingala I. 18.
V. 29 : But a group of 3 short letters is known by the names of musical in
struments in general, while Rasa and Bhāva are the names used to designate a group of 2 short letters. A single short letter is called by the names of word, touch, colour and odour in Sanskrit. Prākṣta Paingala I. 20, 22 and 31 differs considerably. This sort of a special nomenclature is not found in any other work on Prākrit or Sanskrit prosody.
V.30 : The 2 Pañcamātras namely the Madhyalaghu (SIS) and the Catur
thaguru (IIIS) are beneficial to, i.e., are recommended for, the metres Nirvāpitā, Adhikākṣarā, Ganasama Dvipadīs (cf. III. 40-46 below), and the Sirsakas, i.e., the constituents of the Sirsakas (see on v. 26 above).
V.31 : In all the 7 Ganasama Dvipadis (III. 40-46 below) it is recommended
that one or more of their Pādas should possess 1 or 2 Mātrās more or less. What is meant is this:-In these Dvipadīs the same number of Gaņas is prescribed for each of their 4 Pādas; but a Gana may contain either 4 or 5 Mātrās according to the will of the poet. Virahānka means to say that the poet should assert this right of option by actually using unequal Ganas in one or two places. If he is using the Caturmātra Ganas generally, let him use one or two Pañcamātras, and vice versa.
V. 32: An even Päda, Amsa or Gana is called by the name samara or sama,
while an odd Pāda, Amśa or Gana is called sāgara or visama, in this
treatise. V.33: When a Gana is mentioned by the name Mantrin or Purohita, any
one of the 5 Caturmātras or the 8 Pañcamātras is to be understood as
