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XXOA III, No. 4
167 The calculation of Jaina doctrine and the culculation of the first chapter of the Manusmộti, shown above are both almost alike.
The only difference is that the total number of years of the fourth, the fifth and the sixth aras, counted jointly are 1 kodadodi sagaropamas. The number of years of kaliyuga is equal to 100 years of sandhya, 1000 years of main divisions, and 100 years of sandhyansa.
According to the Jain religion there are 63 excellent men. Their life history has been written and are available even today. Their birth-time etc. are important for Jajna scriptures. Of them 24 tirthan. karas are chief. Their birth, death etc. occur at definite intervals of time. The importance is therefore, given to their birth eic. in Jaina scriptures. We shall, therefore, regard them as illustrations for the purpose of time-durations of incidents in the time-cycle and with reference to the length of the body, life-span etc. contemporary men. Out of these 24 tirthankaras, 23 tirthankaras were born in the last and first 1x!014 sagaropamas of the avasarpiņi and utsarpiņi res. pectively while the first tirthankara in avasarpini, and last tirthankara in utsarpini were born before and after some crore years from them.
A circle has 360 degrees, in all. The time-circle also has 360 degrees Each degree is divided into 60 minutes. Again 1 minute is divided into 60 seconds, further second is also divided into sub seconds, microseconds etc. and incidents are shown with reference to the time of their occurrence. First 180 degrees of time-cycle mention utasarpiņi and later 180 degrees of time-cyle mention avasarpiņi. 000-002-00”-01"-Very difficult circumstances of life, underground
residence of human beings and animals, gradually obtained slight improvement in auspicious colour, smell, taste and expansion in life-span and construction of bone-joints (samghayaņa), Fully nonvegetarian human beings. The first spoke (epoch) of
time-wheel. 000-002-00"-45"- -Generally miserable life, continuous rain of water,
milk and nector for the first seven-seven days, creation of proper atmospher, production of plant life, coming out of human beings and animals from their underground residence, human beings becoming vegetarian, end of the first arā and beginning of
the second ara. 00--00-01.00'"-End of the second ara, intellectual development of
people gradual expansion of body and life-span.
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